asia revision 204887
1# @(#)asia 8.55 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time 36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41# 5:30 IST India 42# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45# 8:00 CST China 46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51# 52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54# From Guy Harris: 55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60############################################################################### 61 62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80# Afghanistan 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86# Armenia 87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105# Azerbaijan 106# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122# Bahrain 123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128# Bangladesh 129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132# 133# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136# </a> 137# or 138# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140# </a> 141# 142# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143# June 144# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145# crippling power crisis. " 146# 147# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153# 154# Some sources: 155# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157# </a> 158# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160# </a> 161# 162# Our wrap-up: 163# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165# </a> 166 167# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171# 172# No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177# 178# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182# </a> 183# or 184# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186# </a> 187 188# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192# "continue for an indefinite period." 193# 194# One of many places where it is published: 195# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197# </a> 198 199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 200# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 201# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 202# 203# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 204# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 205# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 206# </a> 207# and 208# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210# </a> 211# 212# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 213# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 214# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 215# Minister's Office last night..." 216 217# From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24): 218# ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March 219# 31st on Oct 31, 2010. 220 221# From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26): 222# Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard 223# Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight 224# Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31 225# until further notice." I take that last sentence as the 226# establishment of a rule. 227 228# From Nobutomo Nakano (2010-02-19): 229# We received a report from Bangladesh saying that the start/end of 230# Bangladesh DST is incorrect. Currently we have only the Bengali version 231# of the official mail from BTRC which describes the following: 232# 233# "From 2010 each year when local standard time is about to reach 234# March 31 at 10:59:00 PM clocks are turned forward 1 hour (11:59:00 PM) 235# and when local daylight time is about to October 31 at 11:59:00 PM 236# clocks are turned backward 1 hour (10:59:00 PM)." 237# 238# So, DST will start/end 1 minute earlier. 239 240# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-03): 241# The file 242# <a href=http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf> 243# http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf 244# </a> 245# is in Bengali; it does contain two "31"s as well as two "11.59"s and a "10.59" 246# which is consistent with the information provided by Nobutomo Nakano. 247 248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 249Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 250Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 251Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 22:59 1:00 S 252Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Oct 31 23:59 0 - 253 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 256 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 257 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 258 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 259 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 260 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 261 6:00 - BDT 2009 262 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 263 264# Bhutan 265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 266Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 267 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 268 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 269 270# British Indian Ocean Territory 271# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 272# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 273# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 274# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 275# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 278 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 279 6:00 - IOT 280 281# Brunei 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 284 7:30 - BNT 1933 285 8:00 - BNT 286 287# Burma / Myanmar 288# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 290 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 291 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 292 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 293 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 294 295# Cambodia 296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 298 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 299 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 300 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 301 7:00 - ICT 302 303# China 304 305# From Guy Harris: 306# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 307 308# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 309# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 310# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 311# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 312# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 313# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 314# 315# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 316# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 317# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 318# 319# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 320# 1987 mid-April - ?? 321 322# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 323# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 324# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 325 326# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 327# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 328# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 329# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 330# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 331# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 332# pre-1980 time zones. 333 334# From Shanks & Pottenger: 335# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 336Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 337Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 338Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 339Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 340Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 341Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 342 343# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 344# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 345# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 346# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 347# 348# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 349# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 350# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 351# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 352# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 353# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 354# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 355# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 356# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 357# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 358 359# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 360# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 361# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 362# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 363# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 364# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 365# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 366# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 367# 368# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 369# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 370# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 371# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 372# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 373# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 374# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 375# 376# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 377# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 378# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 379# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 380# Shanks & Pottenger. 381 382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 384# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 385Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 386 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 387 8:00 - CST 1940 388 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 389 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 390 8:00 PRC C%sT 391# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 392# most of China 393Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 394 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 395 8:00 PRC C%sT 396# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 397# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 398# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 399# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 400# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 401Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 402 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 403 8:00 PRC C%sT 404# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 405# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 406# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 407# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 408# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 409# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 410# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 411# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 412# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 413Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 414 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 415 8:00 PRC C%sT 416# Kunlun Time 417# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 418# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 419# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 420# and Yarkand. 421 422# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 423# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 424# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 425# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 426# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 427# they implicitly use Beijing time. 428# 429# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 430# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 431# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 432# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 433# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 434# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 435# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 436# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 437# 438# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 439# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 440# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 441# 442# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 443# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 444# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 445# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 446# others moving their clocks ahead.) 447# 448# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 449# 450# The first few lines of the Google translation of 451# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 452# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 453# </a> 454# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 455# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 456# > 500 million yuan 457# > 458# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 459# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 460# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 461# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 462 463# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 464# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 465# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 466# 467# 1. Wulumuqi... 468# 2. Kashi... 469# 3. Urumqi... 470# 4. Kashgar... 471# ... 472# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 473# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 474# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 475# 476# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 477# start date for Xinjiang time. 478# 479# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 480# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 481# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 482# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 483 484Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 485 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 486 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 487 8:00 PRC C%sT 488 489 490# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 491# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 492# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 493# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 494# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 495# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 496# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 497# obtained from 498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 500# </a>. 501 502# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 503# Here are the dates given at 504# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 505# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 506# </a> 507# as of 2009-10-28: 508# Year Period 509# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 510# 1942 Whole year 511# 1943 Whole year 512# 1944 Whole year 513# 1945 Whole year 514# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 515# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 516# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 517# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 518# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 519# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 520# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 521# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 522# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 523# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 524# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 525# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 526# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 527# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 528# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 529# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 530# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 531# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 532# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 533# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 534# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 535# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 536# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 537# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 538# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 539# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 540# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 541# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 542# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 543# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 544# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 545# 1977 Nil 546# 1978 Nil 547# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 548# 1980 to Now Nil 549# The page does not give start or end times of day. 550# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 551# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 552# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 553# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 554# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 555 556# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 557# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 558Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 559Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 560Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 561Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 562Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 563Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 564Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 565Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 566Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 567Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 568Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 569Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 571Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 572Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 573Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 574Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 575Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 576Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 578Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 579 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 580 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 581 8:00 HK HK%sT 582 583############################################################################### 584 585# Taiwan 586 587# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 588# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 589# have any other information. 590 591# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 593Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 594Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 595Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 596Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 597Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 598Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 599Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 600Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 601Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 602Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 604Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 605 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 606 607# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 608# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 609Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 610Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 611Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 612Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 613Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 614Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 615Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 616Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 617Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 618Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 619Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 620Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 621Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 622Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 624Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 625 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 626 8:00 PRC C%sT 627 628 629############################################################################### 630 631# Cyprus 632# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 633Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 634Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 635Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 636Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 637Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 638Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 639Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 640Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 641Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 643Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 644 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 645 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 646# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 647 648# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 649# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 650Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 651 652# Georgia 653# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 654# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 655# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 656# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 657# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 658# 659# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 660# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 661# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 662# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 663# 664# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 665# 666# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 667# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 668# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 669# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 670# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 671# of integration into Europe. 672 673# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 674# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 675# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 676# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 677# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 678# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 679# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 680# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 681# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 682 683 684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 686 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 687 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 688 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 689 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 690 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 691 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 692 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 693 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 694 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 696 4:00 - GET 697 698# East Timor 699 700# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 701 702# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 703# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 704# East Timor may be late for its millennium 705# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 706# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 707# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 708# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 709# conflicts with their way of life. 710 711# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 712# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 713# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 714 715# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 716# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 717# (2000-08-16)</a>: 718# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 719# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 720# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 721# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 722 723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 724Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 725 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 726 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 727 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 728 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 729 9:00 - TLT 730 731# India 732# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 733Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 734 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 735 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 736 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 737 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 738 5:30 - IST 739# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 740# Andaman Is 741# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 742# Nicobar Is 743 744# Indonesia 745# 746# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 747# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 748# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 749# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 750# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 751# 752# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 753# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 754# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 755# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 756# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 757# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 758# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 759# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 760# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 761# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 762# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 763# switched on 1945-09-23. 764# 765# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 766Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 767# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 768# but this must be a typo. 769 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 770 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 771 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 773 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 774 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 775 7:30 - WIT 1964 776 7:00 - WIT 777Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 778 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 779 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 780 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 781 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 782 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 783 7:30 - WIT 1964 784 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 785 7:00 - WIT 786Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 787 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 788 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 790 8:00 - CIT 791Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 792 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 793 9:30 - CST 1964 794 9:00 - EIT 795 796# Iran 797 798# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 799# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 800# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 801# 802# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 803# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 804# 805# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 806# 807# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 808# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 809# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 810# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 811# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 812# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 813# 814# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 815# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 816# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 817# Shahrivar. 818# 819# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 820# 821# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 822# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 823# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 824# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 825# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 826# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 827# 828# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 829# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 830# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 831# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 832# plan to change that law.... 833# 834# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 835# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 836# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 837# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 838# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 839# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 840# 841# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 842# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 843# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 844# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 845# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 846# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 847# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 848# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 849# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 850# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 851# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 852# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 853# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 854# 855# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 856# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 857# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 858# 859# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 860# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 861# daylight saving time ... 862# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 863# 864# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 865# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 866# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 867# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 868# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 869# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 870# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 871# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 872# 873# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 874Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 875Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 876Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 877Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 878Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 879Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 880Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 881Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 882Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 883Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 884Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 885Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 886Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 887Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 888Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 889Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 890Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 891Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 892Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 893Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 894Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 895Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 896Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 897Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 898Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 899Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 900Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 901Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 902Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 903Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 904Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 905Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 906Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 907Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 908Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 909Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 910Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 911Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 912Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 913Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 914Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 915Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 916Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 917Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 918Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 919Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 920Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 921Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 922Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 923# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 925 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 926 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 927 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 928 3:30 Iran IR%sT 929 930 931# Iraq 932# 933# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 934# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 935# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 936# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 937# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 938# 939# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 940# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 941# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 942# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 943# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 944# 945# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 946 947# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 948# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 949# news sources (in Arabic): 950# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 951# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 952# </a> 953# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 954# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 955# </a> 956# 957# We have published a short article in English about the change: 958# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 959# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 960# </a> 961 962# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 963Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 964Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 965Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 966Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 967Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 968Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 969# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 970# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 971# 972Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 973Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 974# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 975Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 976 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 977 3:00 - AST 1982 May 978 3:00 Iraq A%sT 979 980 981############################################################################### 982 983# Israel 984 985# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 986# 987# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 988# different abbreviations in use: 989# 990# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 991# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 992# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 993# 994# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 995# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 996# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 997# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 998# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 999# settings in Israeli computers. 1000# 1001# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1002# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1003# family is from India). 1004 1005# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1006# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1007Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1008Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1009Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1010Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1011Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1012Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1013Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1014Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1015Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1016Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1017Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1018Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1019Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1020Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1021Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1022Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1023Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1024Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1025Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1026Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1027Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1028Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1029Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1030Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1031Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1032Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1033Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1034Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1035Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1036Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1037Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1038Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1039Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1040Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1041Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1042Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1043Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1044Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1045Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1047 1048# From Ephraim Silverberg 1049# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1050# and 2005-02-17): 1051 1052# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1053# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1054# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1055# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1056# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1057# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1058# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1059# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1060# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1061# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1062# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1063# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1064# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1065# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1066# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1067# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1068# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1069# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1070# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1071# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1072# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1073# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1074 1075# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1076Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1077Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1078Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1079Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1080Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1081Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1082Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1083Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1084Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1085Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1086 1087# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1088# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1089# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1090 1091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1092Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1093Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1094Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1095Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1096 1097# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1098# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1099# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1100# 1101# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1102# 1103# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1104# 1105# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1106# 1107# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1108# 1109# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1110 1111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1112Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1113Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1114Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1115Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1116Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1117Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1118Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1119Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1120 1121# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1122# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1123# years 2001-2004 as well. 1124# 1125# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1126# 1127# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1128# 1129# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1130# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1131# 1132# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1133 1134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1135Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1136Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1137Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1138Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1139Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1140Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1141Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1142Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1143Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1144Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1145 1146# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1147# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1148# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1149# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1150# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1151# 1152# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1153# 1154# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1155 1156# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1157# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1158# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1159# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1160# to generate the transitions in this list. 1161# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1162# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1163# 1164# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1165# 1166# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1167# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1168# springtime transitions explicitly. 1169 1170# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1171Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1172Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1173Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1174Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1175Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1176Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1177Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1178Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1179Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1180Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1181Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1182Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1183Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1184Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1185Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1186Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1187Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1188Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1189Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1190Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1192Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1194Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1195Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1196Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1197Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1198Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1199Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1200Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1201Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1202Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1203Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1204Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1205Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1206Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1207Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1208Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1209Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1210Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1211Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1212Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1213Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1214 1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1216Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1217 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1218 2:00 Zion I%sT 1219 1220 1221 1222############################################################################### 1223 1224# Japan 1225 1226# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1227 1228# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1229# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1230# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1231# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1232 1233# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1234# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1235# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1236# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1237# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1238# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1239# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1240# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1241# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1242# wanted to keep it.) 1243 1244# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1245# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1246# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1247Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1248Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1249Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1250Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1251# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1252# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1253# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1254# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1255 1256# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1257# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1258# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1259# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1260# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1261# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1262# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1263 1264# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1265# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1266# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1267# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1268# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1269# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1270# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1271# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1272# standard.... 1273# 1274# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1275# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1276 1277# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1278# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1279# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1280 1281# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1282Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1283 9:00 - JST 1896 1284 9:00 - CJT 1938 1285 9:00 Japan J%sT 1286# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1287 1288# Jordan 1289# 1290# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1291# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1292# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1293# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1294# all year round. 1295# 1296# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1297# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1298# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1299# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1300# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1301# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1302# 1303# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1304# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1305# 1306# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1307# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1308# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1309# 1310# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1311# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1312# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1313# 1314 1315# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1316# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1317# Jordan. 1318# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1319# saving 1320# time on the last Thursday in March. 1321# 1322# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1323# 1324# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1325# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1326# Please see 1327# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1328# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1329# </a> 1330 1331# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1332# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1333# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1334# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1335# </a> 1336# 1337# Google's translation: 1338# 1339# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1340# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1341# > of the month of March of each year. 1342# 1343# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1344 1345# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1346# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1347 1348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1349Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1350Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1351Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1352Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1353Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1354Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1355Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1356Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1357Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1358Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1359Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1360Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1361Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1362Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1363Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1364Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1365Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1366Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1367Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1368Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1369Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1370Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1371Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1372Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1373Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1374Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1375Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1376Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1378Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1379 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1380 1381 1382# Kazakhstan 1383 1384# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1385# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1386# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1387# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1388# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1389# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1390 1391# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1392# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1393# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1394# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1395# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1396# 1397# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1398# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1399# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1400 1401# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1402# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1403# </a> 1404# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1405# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1406# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1407# 1408# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1409# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1410# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1411# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1412# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1413# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1414# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1415# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1416# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1417 1418# 1419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1420# 1421# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1422Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1423 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1424 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1425 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1426 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1427 6:00 - ALMT 1428# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1429Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1430 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1431 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1432 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1433 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1434 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1435 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1436 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1437 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1438 6:00 - QYZT 1439# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1440Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1441 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1442 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1443 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1444 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1445 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1446 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1447 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1448 5:00 - AQTT 1449# Mangghystau 1450# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1451# so include time stamps before 1963. 1452Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1453 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1454 5:00 - FORT 1963 1455 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1456 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1457 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1458 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1459 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1460 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1461 5:00 - AQTT 1462# West Kazakhstan 1463Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1464 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1465 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1466 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1467 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1468 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1469 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1470 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1471 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1472 5:00 - ORAT 1473 1474# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1475# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1476 1477# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1478# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1479# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1480# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1481# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1482# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1483# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1484# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1485 1486# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1487Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1488Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1489Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1490Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1492Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1493 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1494 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1495 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1496 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1497 6:00 - KGT 1498 1499############################################################################### 1500 1501# Korea (North and South) 1502 1503# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1504# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1505# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1506# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1507# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1508# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1509 1510# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1512Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1513Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1514Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1515Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1516 1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1518Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1519 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1520 9:00 - KST 1928 1521 8:30 - KST 1932 1522 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1523 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1524 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1525 9:00 ROK K%sT 1526Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1527 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1528 9:00 - KST 1928 1529 8:30 - KST 1932 1530 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1531 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1532 9:00 - KST 1533 1534############################################################################### 1535 1536# Kuwait 1537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1538# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1539# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1540# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1541# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1542# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1543# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1544# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1545# so for now we assume no DST. 1546Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1547 3:00 - AST 1548 1549# Laos 1550# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1551Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1552 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1553 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1554 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1555 7:00 - ICT 1556 1557# Lebanon 1558# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1559Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1560Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1561Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1562Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1563Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1564Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1565Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1566Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1567Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1568Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1569Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1570Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1571Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1572Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1573Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1574Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1575Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1576Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1577Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1578Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1579Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1580Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1581Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1582Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1583# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1584Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1585 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1586 1587# Malaysia 1588# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1589Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1590Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1591# 1592# peninsular Malaysia 1593# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1594# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1596Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1597 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1598 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1599 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1600 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1601 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1602 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1603 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1604 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1605# Sabah & Sarawak 1606# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1607# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1608# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1609# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1610Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1611 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1612 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1613 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1614 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1615 8:00 - MYT 1616 1617# Maldives 1618# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1619Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1620 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1621 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1622 1623# Mongolia 1624 1625# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1626# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1627# both say that it has just one. 1628 1629# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1630# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1631# General Information Mongolia 1632# </a> (1999-09) 1633# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1634# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1635# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1636# eight hours." 1637 1638# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1639# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1640# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1641# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1642# of implementation may have been different.... 1643# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1644# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1645# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1646 1647# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1648# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1649# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1650# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1651# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1652# is good enough for our purposes. 1653 1654# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1655# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1656# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1657# there are three time zones. 1658# 1659# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1660# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1661# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1662# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1663# 1664# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1665 1666# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1667# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1668# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1669# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1670# 1671# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1672# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1673# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1674 1675# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1676# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1677# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1678# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1679# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1680# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1681# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1682# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1683# He also found 1684# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1685# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1686# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1687# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1688# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1689# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1690# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1691# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1692 1693# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1694# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1695# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1696# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1697 1698# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1699# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1700# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1701# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1702# database on this, e.g.: 1703# 1704# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1705# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1706# </a> 1707# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1708# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1709# </a> 1710# 1711# both say GMT+08:00. 1712 1713# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1714# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1715# schedule here: 1716# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1717# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1718# </a> 1719# (click the English flag for English) 1720# 1721# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1722# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1723# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1724# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1725# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1726# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1727 1728# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1729# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1730# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1731# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1732# this is almost surely wrong. 1733 1734# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1735Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1736Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1737# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1738# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1739# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1740# 1741# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1742# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1743# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1744# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1745# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1746# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1747 1748Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1749Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1750# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1751Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1752Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1753Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1754 1755# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1756# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1757Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1758 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1759 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1760# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1761Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1762 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1763 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1764# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1765# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1766Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1767 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1768 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1769 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1770 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1771 1772# Nepal 1773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1774Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1775 5:30 - IST 1986 1776 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1777 1778# Oman 1779# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1780Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1781 4:00 - GST 1782 1783# Pakistan 1784 1785# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1786# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1787# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1788# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1789# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1790# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1791 1792# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1793# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1794# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1795# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1796# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1797# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1798# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1799# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1800# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1801# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1802# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1803 1804# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1805# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1806# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1807 1808# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1809# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1810# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1811# 1812# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1813# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1814# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1815# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1816# 1817# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1818# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1819 1820# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1821# 1822# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1823# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1824# 1825# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1826# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1827# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1828# ...." 1829# 1830# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1831# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1832# </a> 1833# OR 1834# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1835# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1836# </a> 1837 1838# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1839# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1840 1841# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1842# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1843# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1844# instead of August 31. 1845# 1846# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1847# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1848# </a> 1849# OR 1850# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1851# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1852# </a> 1853 1854# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1855# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1856# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1857# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1858# official working." 1859# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1860# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1861# </a> 1862# 1863# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1864# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1865# 1866# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1867# April 08, 2009 1868# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1869# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1870# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1871# </a> 1872# 1873# or 1874# 1875# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1876# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1877# </a> 1878# 1879# .... 1880# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1881# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1882# conserve energy" 1883 1884# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1885# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1886# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1887# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1888# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1889# this regard." 1890# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1891# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1892# </a> 1893 1894# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1895# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1896# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1897# 1, 2009. 1898# 1899# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1900# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1901# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1902# </a> 1903# or 1904# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1905# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1906# </a> 1907 1908# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1909# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1910# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1911# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1912# > 1, 2009. 1913# 1914# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1915# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1916# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1917# </a> 1918# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1919# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1920# Monday." 1921# 1922# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1923# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1924# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1925# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1926# 1927# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1928# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1929# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1930# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1931# </a> 1932 1933# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1934# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1935# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1936 1937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1938Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1939Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1940Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1941Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1942Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1943Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1944# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1945Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1946 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1947 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1948 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1949 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1950 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1951 1952# Palestine 1953 1954# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1955# 1956# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1957# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1958# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1959# 1960# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1961# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1962# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1963# though. 1964# 1965# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1966# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1967# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1968# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1969# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1970# East Jerusalem. 1971# 1972# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1973# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1974# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1975# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1976# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1977# 1978# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1979# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1980# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1981# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1982# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1983# Jordanian one). 1984# 1985# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1986# 1987# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1988# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1989# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1990# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1991# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1992# 1993# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1994# have one). 1995 1996# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1997# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1998# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1999# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2000# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2001# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2002# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2003# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2004# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2005# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 2006# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 2007 2008# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2009# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2010# 2011# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2012# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2013# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2014# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2015 2016# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2017# Daoud Kuttab writes in 2018# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2019# Holiday havoc 2020# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2021# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2022# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2023# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2024# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2025 2026# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2027# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2028 2029# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2030# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2031# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2032# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2033# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2034 2035# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2036# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2037# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2038# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2039# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2040# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2041# the West Bank. 2042 2043# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2044# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2045# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2046# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2047# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2048# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2049# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2050# because of the Ramadan. 2051 2052# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2053# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2054# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2055 2056# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2057# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2058# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2059# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2060# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2061# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2062 2063# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2064# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2065# 2066# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2067# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2068# 2069# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2070# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2071# </a> 2072# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2073# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2074# </a> 2075# or 2076# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2077# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2078# </a> 2079 2080# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2081# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2082# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2083# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2084# 2085# (in Arabic) 2086# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2087# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2088# </a> 2089# 2090# or 2091# (English translation) 2092# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2093# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2094# </a> 2095 2096# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2097# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2098# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2099# 2100# One news source: 2101# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2102# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2103# </a> 2104# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2105# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2106# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2107# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2108# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2109# 2110# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2111# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2112# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2113# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2114# </a> 2115 2116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2117# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2118# 2119# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2120# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2121# 2122# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2123# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2124# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2125# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2126# </a> 2127# or 2128# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2129# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2130# </a> 2131 2132# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2134Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2135Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2136Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2137Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2138Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2139Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2140 2141Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2142Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2143Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2144Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2145Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2146Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2147Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2148Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2149Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2150Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2151 2152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2153Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2154 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2155 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2156 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2157 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2158 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2159 2160# Paracel Is 2161# no information 2162 2163# Philippines 2164# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2165# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2166# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2167# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2168# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2169 2170# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2171# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2172# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2173# rainy season begins. See 2174# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2175# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2176# 2177# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2178# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2179# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2180# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2181# but no details] 2182 2183# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2184Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2185Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2186Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2187Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2188Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2189Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2190# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2191Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2192 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2193 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2194 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2195 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2196 2197# Qatar 2198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2199Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2200 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2201 3:00 - AST 2202 2203# Saudi Arabia 2204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2205Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2206 3:00 - AST 2207 2208# Singapore 2209# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2210# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2211# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2212Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2213 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2214 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2215 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2216 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2217 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2218 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2219 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2220 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2221 8:00 - SGT 2222 2223# Spratly Is 2224# no information 2225 2226# Sri Lanka 2227# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2228# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2229# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2230# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2231# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2232# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2233# 2234# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2235# by Shamindra in 2236# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2237# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2238# </a>: 2239# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2240# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2241 2242# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2243# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2244# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2245# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2246 2247# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2248# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2249# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2250# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2251# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2252# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2253# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2254# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2255 2256# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2257# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2258# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2259# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2260# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2261# 2262# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2263# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2264# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2265# 2266# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2267# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2268# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2269# item.... 2270# 2271# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2272# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2273# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2274# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2275# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2276# 2277# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2278# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2279# all computers. 2280 2281# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2282# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2283# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2284 2285# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2286Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2287 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2288 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2289 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2290 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2291 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2292 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2293 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2294 5:30 - IST 2295 2296# Syria 2297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2298Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2299Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2300Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2301Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2302Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2303Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2304Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2305Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2306Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2307Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2308Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2309Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2310Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2311Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2312Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2313Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2314Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2315Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2316Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2317Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2318Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2319Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2320Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2321Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2322Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2323Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2324Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2325Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2326# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2327# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2328# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2329# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2330# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2331# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2332Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2333Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2334Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2335Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2336# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2337# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2338# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2339Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2340# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2341# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2342# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2343Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2344# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2345# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2346# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2347# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2348# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2349# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2350# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2351# 2352# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2353# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2354# 2355# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2356# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2357# 2358# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2359# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2360# 2361# which using Google's translate tools says: 2362# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2363# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2364# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2365Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2366 2367# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2368# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2369# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2370# are now using: 2371# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2372# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2373# Variation 2374# Syrian Arab 2375# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2376# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2377# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2378 2379# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2380# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2381# Agency (SANA)... 2382# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2383# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2384# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2385# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2386# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2387# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2388# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2389 2390# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2391# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2392# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2393# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2394# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2395 2396# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2397# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2398# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2399# 2400# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2401# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2402# clocks back 60 minutes). 2403# 2404# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2405# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2406# </a> 2407 2408# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2409# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2410# two examples: 2411# 2412# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2413# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2414# </a> 2415# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2416# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2417# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2418# </a> 2419# (Arabic, gov-site) 2420# 2421# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2422# 2423# Our summary 2424# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2425# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2426# </a> 2427 2428# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2429# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2430# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2431# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2432# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2433# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2434# </a> 2435 2436# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2437# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2438# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2439# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2440 2441Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2442Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2443Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2444Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2445 2446# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2447Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2448 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2449 2450# Tajikistan 2451# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2453Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2454 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2455 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2456 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2457 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2458 2459# Thailand 2460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2461Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2462 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2463 7:00 - ICT 2464 2465# Turkmenistan 2466# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2468Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2469 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2470 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2471 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2472 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2473 5:00 - TMT 2474 2475# United Arab Emirates 2476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2477Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2478 4:00 - GST 2479 2480# Uzbekistan 2481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2482Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2483 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2484 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2485 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2486 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2487 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2488 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2489 5:00 - UZT 2490Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2491 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2492 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2493 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2494 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2495 5:00 - UZT 2496 2497# Vietnam 2498 2499# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2500# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2501# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2502 2503# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2504# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2505Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2506 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2507 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2508 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2509 7:00 - ICT 2510 2511# Yemen 2512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2513Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2514 3:00 - AST 2515