asia revision 202606
1# @(#)asia 8.51 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time 36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41# 5:30 IST India 42# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45# 8:00 CST China 46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51# 52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54# From Guy Harris: 55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60############################################################################### 61 62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80# Afghanistan 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86# Armenia 87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105# Azerbaijan 106# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122# Bahrain 123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128# Bangladesh 129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132# 133# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136# </a> 137# or 138# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140# </a> 141# 142# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143# June 144# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145# crippling power crisis. " 146# 147# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153# 154# Some sources: 155# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157# </a> 158# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160# </a> 161# 162# Our wrap-up: 163# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165# </a> 166 167# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171# 172# No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177# 178# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182# </a> 183# or 184# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186# </a> 187 188# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192# "continue for an indefinite period." 193# 194# One of many places where it is published: 195# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197# </a> 198 199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 200# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 201# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 202# 203# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 204# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 205# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 206# </a> 207# and 208# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210# </a> 211# 212# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 213# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 214# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 215# Minister's Office last night..." 216 217# From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24): 218# ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March 219# 31st on Oct 31, 2010. 220 221# From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26): 222# Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard 223# Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight 224# Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31 225# until further notice." I take that last sentence as the 226# establishment of a rule. 227 228# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 229Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 230Rule Dhaka 2010 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 231Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 232Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 233 234# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 236 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 237 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 238 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 239 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 240 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 241 6:00 - BDT 2009 242 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 243 244# Bhutan 245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 247 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 248 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 249 250# British Indian Ocean Territory 251# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 252# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 253# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 254# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 255# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 258 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 259 6:00 - IOT 260 261# Brunei 262# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 264 7:30 - BNT 1933 265 8:00 - BNT 266 267# Burma / Myanmar 268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 270 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 271 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 272 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 273 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 274 275# Cambodia 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 278 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 279 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 280 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 281 7:00 - ICT 282 283# China 284 285# From Guy Harris: 286# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 287 288# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 289# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 290# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 291# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 292# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 293# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 294# 295# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 296# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 297# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 298# 299# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 300# 1987 mid-April - ?? 301 302# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 303# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 304# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 305 306# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 307# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 308# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 309# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 310# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 311# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 312# pre-1980 time zones. 313 314# From Shanks & Pottenger: 315# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 316Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 317Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 318Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 319Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 320Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 321Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 322 323# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 324# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 325# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 326# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 327# 328# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 329# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 330# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 331# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 332# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 333# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 334# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 335# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 336# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 337# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 338 339# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 340# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 341# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 342# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 343# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 344# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 345# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 346# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 347# 348# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 349# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 350# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 351# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 352# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 353# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 354# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 355# 356# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 357# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 358# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 359# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 360# Shanks & Pottenger. 361 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 364# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 365Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 366 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 367 8:00 - CST 1940 368 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 369 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 370 8:00 PRC C%sT 371# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 372# most of China 373Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 374 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 375 8:00 PRC C%sT 376# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 377# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 378# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 379# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 380# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 381Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 382 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 383 8:00 PRC C%sT 384# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 385# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 386# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 387# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 388# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 389# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 390# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 391# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 392# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 393Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 394 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 395 8:00 PRC C%sT 396# Kunlun Time 397# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 398# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 399# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 400# and Yarkand. 401 402# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 403# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 404# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 405# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 406# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 407# they implicitly use Beijing time. 408# 409# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 410# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 411# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 412# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 413# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 414# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 415# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 416# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 417# 418# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 419# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 420# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 421# 422# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 423# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 424# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 425# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 426# others moving their clocks ahead.) 427# 428# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 429# 430# The first few lines of the Google translation of 431# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 432# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 433# </a> 434# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 435# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 436# > 500 million yuan 437# > 438# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 439# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 440# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 441# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 442 443# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 444# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 445# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 446# 447# 1. Wulumuqi... 448# 2. Kashi... 449# 3. Urumqi... 450# 4. Kashgar... 451# ... 452# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 453# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 454# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 455# 456# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 457# start date for Xinjiang time. 458# 459# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 460# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 461# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 462# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 463 464Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 465 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 466 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 467 8:00 PRC C%sT 468 469 470# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 471# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 472# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 473# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 474# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 475# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 476# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 477# obtained from 478# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 479# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 480# </a>. 481 482# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 483# Here are the dates given at 484# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 485# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 486# </a> 487# as of 2009-10-28: 488# Year Period 489# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 490# 1942 Whole year 491# 1943 Whole year 492# 1944 Whole year 493# 1945 Whole year 494# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 495# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 496# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 497# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 498# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 499# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 500# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 501# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 502# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 503# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 504# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 505# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 506# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 507# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 508# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 509# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 510# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 511# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 512# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 513# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 514# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 515# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 516# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 517# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 518# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 519# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 520# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 521# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 522# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 523# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 524# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 525# 1977 Nil 526# 1978 Nil 527# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 528# 1980 to Now Nil 529# The page does not give start or end times of day. 530# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 531# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 532# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 533# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 534# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 535 536# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 537# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 538Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 539Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 540Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 541Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 542Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 543Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 544Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 545Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 546Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 547Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 548Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 549Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 550Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 551Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 552Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 553Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 554Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 555Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 556Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 557# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 558Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 559 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 560 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 561 8:00 HK HK%sT 562 563############################################################################### 564 565# Taiwan 566 567# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 568# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 569# have any other information. 570 571# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 572Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 573Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 574Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 575Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 576Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 577Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 578Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 579Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 580Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 581Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 582Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 583# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 584Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 585 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 586 587# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 588# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 589Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 590Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 591Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 592Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 593Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 594Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 595Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 596Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 597Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 598Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 599Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 600Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 601Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 602Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 604Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 605 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 606 8:00 PRC C%sT 607 608 609############################################################################### 610 611# Cyprus 612# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 613Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 614Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 615Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 616Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 617Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 618Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 619Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 620Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 621Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 622# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 624 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 625 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 626# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 627 628# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 629# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 630Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 631 632# Georgia 633# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 634# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 635# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 636# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 637# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 638# 639# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 640# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 641# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 642# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 643# 644# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 645# 646# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 647# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 648# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 649# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 650# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 651# of integration into Europe. 652 653# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 654# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 655# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 656# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 657# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 658# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 659# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 660# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 661# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 662 663 664# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 666 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 667 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 668 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 669 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 670 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 671 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 672 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 673 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 674 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 675 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 676 4:00 - GET 677 678# East Timor 679 680# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 681 682# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 683# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 684# East Timor may be late for its millennium 685# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 686# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 687# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 688# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 689# conflicts with their way of life. 690 691# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 692# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 693# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 694 695# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 696# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 697# (2000-08-16)</a>: 698# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 699# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 700# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 701# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 702 703# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 704Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 705 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 706 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 707 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 708 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 709 9:00 - TLT 710 711# India 712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 714 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 715 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 716 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 717 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 718 5:30 - IST 719# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 720# Andaman Is 721# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 722# Nicobar Is 723 724# Indonesia 725# 726# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 727# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 728# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 729# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 730# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 731# 732# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 733# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 734# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 735# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 736# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 737# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 738# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 739# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 740# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 741# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 742# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 743# switched on 1945-09-23. 744# 745# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 746Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 747# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 748# but this must be a typo. 749 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 750 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 751 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 752 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 753 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 754 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 755 7:30 - WIT 1964 756 7:00 - WIT 757Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 758 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 759 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 760 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 761 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 762 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 763 7:30 - WIT 1964 764 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 765 7:00 - WIT 766Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 767 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 768 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 769 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 770 8:00 - CIT 771Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 772 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 773 9:30 - CST 1964 774 9:00 - EIT 775 776# Iran 777 778# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 779# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 780# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 781# 782# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 783# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 784# 785# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 786# 787# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 788# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 789# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 790# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 791# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 792# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 793# 794# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 795# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 796# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 797# Shahrivar. 798# 799# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 800# 801# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 802# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 803# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 804# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 805# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 806# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 807# 808# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 809# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 810# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 811# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 812# plan to change that law.... 813# 814# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 815# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 816# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 817# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 818# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 819# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 820# 821# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 822# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 823# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 824# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 825# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 826# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 827# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 828# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 829# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 830# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 831# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 832# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 833# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 834# 835# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 836# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 837# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 838# 839# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 840# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 841# daylight saving time ... 842# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 843# 844# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 845# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 846# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 847# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 848# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 849# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 850# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 851# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 852# 853# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 854Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 855Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 856Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 857Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 858Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 859Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 860Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 861Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 862Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 863Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 864Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 865Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 866Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 867Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 868Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 869Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 870Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 871Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 872Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 873Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 874Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 875Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 876Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 877Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 878Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 879Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 880Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 881Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 882Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 883Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 884Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 885Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 886Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 887Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 888Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 889Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 890Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 891Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 892Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 893Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 894Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 895Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 896Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 897Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 898Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 899Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 900Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 901Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 902Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 903# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 904Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 905 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 906 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 907 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 908 3:30 Iran IR%sT 909 910 911# Iraq 912# 913# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 914# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 915# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 916# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 917# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 918# 919# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 920# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 921# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 922# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 923# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 924# 925# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 926 927# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 928# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 929# news sources (in Arabic): 930# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 931# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 932# </a> 933# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 934# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 935# </a> 936# 937# We have published a short article in English about the change: 938# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 939# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 940# </a> 941 942# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 943Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 944Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 945Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 946Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 947Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 948Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 949# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 950# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 951# 952Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 953Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 954# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 955Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 956 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 957 3:00 - AST 1982 May 958 3:00 Iraq A%sT 959 960 961############################################################################### 962 963# Israel 964 965# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 966# 967# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 968# different abbreviations in use: 969# 970# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 971# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 972# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 973# 974# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 975# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 976# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 977# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 978# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 979# settings in Israeli computers. 980# 981# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 982# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 983# family is from India). 984 985# From Shanks & Pottenger: 986# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 987Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 988Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 989Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 990Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 991Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 992Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 993Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 994Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 995Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 996Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 997Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 998Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 999Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1000Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1001Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1002Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1003Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1004Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1005Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1006Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1007Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1008Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1009Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1010Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1011Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1012Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1013Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1014Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1015Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1016Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1017Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1018Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1019Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1020Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1021Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1022Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1023Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1024Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1025Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1026Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1027 1028# From Ephraim Silverberg 1029# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1030# and 2005-02-17): 1031 1032# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1033# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1034# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1035# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1036# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1037# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1038# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1039# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1040# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1041# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1042# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1043# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1044# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1045# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1046# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1047# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1048# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1049# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1050# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1051# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1052# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1053# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1054 1055# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1056Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1057Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1058Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1059Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1060Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1061Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1062Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1063Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1064Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1065Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1066 1067# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1068# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1069# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1070 1071# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1072Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1073Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1074Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1075Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1076 1077# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1078# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1079# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1080# 1081# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1082# 1083# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1084# 1085# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1086# 1087# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1088# 1089# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1090 1091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1092Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1093Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1094Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1095Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1096Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1097Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1098Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1099Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1100 1101# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1102# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1103# years 2001-2004 as well. 1104# 1105# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1106# 1107# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1108# 1109# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1110# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1111# 1112# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1113 1114# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1115Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1116Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1117Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1118Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1119Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1120Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1121Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1122Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1123Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1124Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1125 1126# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1127# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1128# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1129# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1130# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1131# 1132# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1133# 1134# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1135 1136# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1137# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1138# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1139# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1140# to generate the transitions in this list. 1141# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1142# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1143# 1144# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1145# 1146# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1147# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1148# springtime transitions explicitly. 1149 1150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1151Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1152Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1153Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1154Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1155Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1156Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1157Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1158Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1159Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1160Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1161Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1162Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1163Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1164Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1165Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1166Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1167Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1168Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1169Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1170Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1171Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1172Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1173Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1174Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1175Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1176Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1177Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1178Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1179Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1180Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1181Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1182Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1183Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1184Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1185Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1186Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1187Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1188Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1189Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1190Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1192Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1194 1195# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1196Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1197 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1198 2:00 Zion I%sT 1199 1200 1201 1202############################################################################### 1203 1204# Japan 1205 1206# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1207 1208# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1209# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1210# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1211# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1212 1213# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1214# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1215# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1216# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1217# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1218# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1219# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1220# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1221# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1222# wanted to keep it.) 1223 1224# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1225# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1226# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1227Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1228Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1229Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1230Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1231# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1232# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1233# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1234# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1235 1236# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1237# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1238# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1239# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1240# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1241# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1242# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1243 1244# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1245# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1246# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1247# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1248# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1249# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1250# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1251# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1252# standard.... 1253# 1254# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1255# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1256 1257# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1258# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1259# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1260 1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1263 9:00 - JST 1896 1264 9:00 - CJT 1938 1265 9:00 Japan J%sT 1266# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1267 1268# Jordan 1269# 1270# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1271# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1272# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1273# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1274# all year round. 1275# 1276# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1277# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1278# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1279# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1280# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1281# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1282# 1283# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1284# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1285# 1286# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1287# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1288# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1289# 1290# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1291# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1292# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1293# 1294 1295# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1296# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1297# Jordan. 1298# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1299# saving 1300# time on the last Thursday in March. 1301# 1302# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1303# 1304# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1305# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1306# Please see 1307# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1308# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1309# </a> 1310 1311# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1312# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1313# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1314# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1315# </a> 1316# 1317# Google's translation: 1318# 1319# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1320# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1321# > of the month of March of each year. 1322# 1323# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1324 1325# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1326# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1327 1328# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1329Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1330Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1331Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1332Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1333Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1334Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1335Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1336Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1337Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1338Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1339Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1340Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1341Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1342Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1343Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1344Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1346Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1347Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1348Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1349Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1350Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1351Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1352Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1353Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1354Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1355Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1356Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1358Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1359 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1360 1361 1362# Kazakhstan 1363 1364# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1365# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1366# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1367# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1368# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1369# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1370 1371# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1372# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1373# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1374# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1375# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1376# 1377# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1378# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1379# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1380 1381# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1382# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1383# </a> 1384# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1385# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1386# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1387# 1388# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1389# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1390# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1391# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1392# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1393# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1394# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1395# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1396# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1397 1398# 1399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1400# 1401# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1402Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1403 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1404 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1405 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1406 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1407 6:00 - ALMT 1408# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1409Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1410 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1411 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1412 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1413 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1414 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1415 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1416 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1417 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1418 6:00 - QYZT 1419# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1420Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1421 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1422 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1423 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1424 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1425 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1426 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1427 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1428 5:00 - AQTT 1429# Mangghystau 1430# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1431# so include time stamps before 1963. 1432Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1433 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1434 5:00 - FORT 1963 1435 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1436 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1437 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1438 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1439 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1440 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1441 5:00 - AQTT 1442# West Kazakhstan 1443Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1444 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1445 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1446 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1447 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1448 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1449 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1450 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1451 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1452 5:00 - ORAT 1453 1454# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1455# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1456 1457# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1458# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1459# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1460# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1461# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1462# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1463# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1464# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1465 1466# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1467Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1468Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1469Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1470Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1471# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1472Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1473 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1474 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1475 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1476 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1477 6:00 - KGT 1478 1479############################################################################### 1480 1481# Korea (North and South) 1482 1483# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1484# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1485# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1486# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1487# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1488# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1489 1490# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1491# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1492Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1493Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1494Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1495Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1496 1497# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1498Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1499 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1500 9:00 - KST 1928 1501 8:30 - KST 1932 1502 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1503 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1504 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1505 9:00 ROK K%sT 1506Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1507 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1508 9:00 - KST 1928 1509 8:30 - KST 1932 1510 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1511 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1512 9:00 - KST 1513 1514############################################################################### 1515 1516# Kuwait 1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1518# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1519# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1520# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1521# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1522# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1523# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1524# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1525# so for now we assume no DST. 1526Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1527 3:00 - AST 1528 1529# Laos 1530# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1531Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1532 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1533 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1534 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1535 7:00 - ICT 1536 1537# Lebanon 1538# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1539Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1540Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1541Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1542Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1543Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1544Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1545Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1546Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1547Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1548Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1549Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1550Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1551Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1552Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1553Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1554Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1555Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1556Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1557Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1558Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1559Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1560Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1561Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1562Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1563# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1564Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1565 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1566 1567# Malaysia 1568# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1569Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1570Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1571# 1572# peninsular Malaysia 1573# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1574# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1575# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1576Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1577 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1578 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1579 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1580 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1581 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1582 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1583 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1584 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1585# Sabah & Sarawak 1586# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1587# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1588# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1590Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1591 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1592 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1593 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1594 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1595 8:00 - MYT 1596 1597# Maldives 1598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1599Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1600 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1601 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1602 1603# Mongolia 1604 1605# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1606# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1607# both say that it has just one. 1608 1609# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1610# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1611# General Information Mongolia 1612# </a> (1999-09) 1613# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1614# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1615# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1616# eight hours." 1617 1618# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1619# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1620# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1621# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1622# of implementation may have been different.... 1623# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1624# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1625# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1626 1627# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1628# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1629# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1630# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1631# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1632# is good enough for our purposes. 1633 1634# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1635# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1636# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1637# there are three time zones. 1638# 1639# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1640# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1641# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1642# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1643# 1644# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1645 1646# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1647# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1648# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1649# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1650# 1651# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1652# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1653# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1654 1655# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1656# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1657# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1658# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1659# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1660# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1661# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1662# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1663# He also found 1664# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1665# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1666# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1667# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1668# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1669# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1670# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1671# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1672 1673# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1674# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1675# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1676# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1677 1678# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1679# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1680# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1681# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1682# database on this, e.g.: 1683# 1684# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1685# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1686# </a> 1687# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1688# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1689# </a> 1690# 1691# both say GMT+08:00. 1692 1693# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1694# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1695# schedule here: 1696# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1697# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1698# </a> 1699# (click the English flag for English) 1700# 1701# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1702# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1703# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1704# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1705# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1706# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1707 1708# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1709# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1710# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1711# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1712# this is almost surely wrong. 1713 1714# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1715Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1716Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1717# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1718# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1719# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1720# 1721# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1722# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1723# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1724# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1725# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1726# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1727 1728Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1729Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1730# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1731Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1732Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1733Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1734 1735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1736# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1737Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1738 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1739 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1740# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1741Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1742 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1743 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1744# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1745# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1746Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1747 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1748 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1749 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1750 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1751 1752# Nepal 1753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1754Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1755 5:30 - IST 1986 1756 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1757 1758# Oman 1759# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1760Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1761 4:00 - GST 1762 1763# Pakistan 1764 1765# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1766# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1767# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1768# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1769# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1770# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1771 1772# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1773# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1774# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1775# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1776# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1777# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1778# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1779# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1780# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1781# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1782# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1783 1784# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1785# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1786# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1787 1788# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1789# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1790# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1791# 1792# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1793# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1794# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1795# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1796# 1797# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1798# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1799 1800# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1801# 1802# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1803# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1804# 1805# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1806# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1807# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1808# ...." 1809# 1810# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1811# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1812# </a> 1813# OR 1814# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1815# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1816# </a> 1817 1818# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1819# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1820 1821# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1822# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1823# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1824# instead of August 31. 1825# 1826# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1827# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1828# </a> 1829# OR 1830# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1831# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1832# </a> 1833 1834# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1835# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1836# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1837# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1838# official working." 1839# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1840# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1841# </a> 1842# 1843# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1844# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1845# 1846# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1847# April 08, 2009 1848# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1849# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1850# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1851# </a> 1852# 1853# or 1854# 1855# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1856# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1857# </a> 1858# 1859# .... 1860# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1861# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1862# conserve energy" 1863 1864# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1865# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1866# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1867# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1868# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1869# this regard." 1870# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1871# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1872# </a> 1873 1874# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1875# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1876# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1877# 1, 2009. 1878# 1879# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1880# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1881# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1882# </a> 1883# or 1884# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1885# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1886# </a> 1887 1888# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1889# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1890# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1891# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1892# > 1, 2009. 1893# 1894# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1895# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1896# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1897# </a> 1898# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1899# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1900# Monday." 1901# 1902# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1903# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1904# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1905# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1906# 1907# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1908# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1909# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1910# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1911# </a> 1912 1913# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1914# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1915# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1916 1917# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1918Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1919Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1920Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1921Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1922Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1923Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1924# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1925Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1926 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1927 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1928 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1929 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1930 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1931 1932# Palestine 1933 1934# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1935# 1936# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1937# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1938# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1939# 1940# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1941# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1942# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1943# though. 1944# 1945# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1946# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1947# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1948# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1949# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1950# East Jerusalem. 1951# 1952# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1953# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1954# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1955# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1956# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1957# 1958# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1959# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1960# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1961# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1962# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1963# Jordanian one). 1964# 1965# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1966# 1967# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1968# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1969# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1970# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1971# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1972# 1973# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1974# have one). 1975 1976# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1977# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1978# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1979# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1980# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1981# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1982# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1983# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1984# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1985# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1986# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1987 1988# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1989# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1990# 1991# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1992# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1993# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1994# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1995 1996# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1997# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1998# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1999# Holiday havoc 2000# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2001# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2002# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2003# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2004# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2005 2006# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2007# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2008 2009# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2010# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2011# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2012# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2013# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2014 2015# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2016# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2017# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2018# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2019# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2020# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2021# the West Bank. 2022 2023# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2024# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2025# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2026# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2027# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2028# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2029# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2030# because of the Ramadan. 2031 2032# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2033# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2034# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2035 2036# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2037# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2038# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2039# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2040# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2041# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2042 2043# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2044# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2045# 2046# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2047# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2048# 2049# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2050# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2051# </a> 2052# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2053# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2054# </a> 2055# or 2056# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2057# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2058# </a> 2059 2060# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2061# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2062# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2063# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2064# 2065# (in Arabic) 2066# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2067# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2068# </a> 2069# 2070# or 2071# (English translation) 2072# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2073# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2074# </a> 2075 2076# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2077# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2078# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2079# 2080# One news source: 2081# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2082# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2083# </a> 2084# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2085# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2086# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2087# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2088# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2089# 2090# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2091# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2092# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2093# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2094# </a> 2095 2096# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2097# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2098# 2099# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2100# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2101# 2102# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2103# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2104# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2105# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2106# </a> 2107# or 2108# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2109# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2110# </a> 2111 2112# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2114Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2115Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2116Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2117Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2118Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2119Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2120 2121Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2122Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2123Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2124Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2125Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2126Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2127Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2128Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2129Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2130Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2131 2132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2133Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2134 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2135 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2136 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2137 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2138 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2139 2140# Paracel Is 2141# no information 2142 2143# Philippines 2144# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2145# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2146# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2147# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2148# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2149 2150# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2151# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2152# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2153# rainy season begins. See 2154# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2155# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2156# 2157# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2158# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2159# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2160# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2161# but no details] 2162 2163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2164Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2165Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2166Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2167Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2168Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2169Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2171Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2172 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2173 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2174 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2175 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2176 2177# Qatar 2178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2179Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2180 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2181 3:00 - AST 2182 2183# Saudi Arabia 2184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2185Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2186 3:00 - AST 2187 2188# Singapore 2189# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2190# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2191# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2192Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2193 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2194 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2195 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2196 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2197 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2198 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2199 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2200 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2201 8:00 - SGT 2202 2203# Spratly Is 2204# no information 2205 2206# Sri Lanka 2207# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2208# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2209# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2210# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2211# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2212# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2213# 2214# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2215# by Shamindra in 2216# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2217# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2218# </a>: 2219# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2220# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2221 2222# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2223# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2224# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2225# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2226 2227# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2228# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2229# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2230# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2231# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2232# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2233# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2234# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2235 2236# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2237# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2238# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2239# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2240# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2241# 2242# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2243# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2244# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2245# 2246# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2247# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2248# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2249# item.... 2250# 2251# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2252# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2253# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2254# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2255# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2256# 2257# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2258# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2259# all computers. 2260 2261# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2262# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2263# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2264 2265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2266Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2267 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2268 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2269 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2270 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2271 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2272 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2273 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2274 5:30 - IST 2275 2276# Syria 2277# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2278Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2279Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2280Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2281Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2282Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2283Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2284Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2285Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2286Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2287Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2288Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2289Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2290Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2291Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2292Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2293Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2294Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2295Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2296Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2297Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2298Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2299Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2300Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2301Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2302Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2303Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2304Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2305Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2306# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2307# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2308# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2309# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2310# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2311# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2312Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2313Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2314Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2315Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2316# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2317# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2318# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2319Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2320# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2321# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2322# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2323Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2324# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2325# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2326# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2327# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2328# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2329# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2330# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2331# 2332# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2333# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2334# 2335# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2336# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2337# 2338# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2339# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2340# 2341# which using Google's translate tools says: 2342# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2343# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2344# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2345Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2346 2347# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2348# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2349# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2350# are now using: 2351# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2352# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2353# Variation 2354# Syrian Arab 2355# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2356# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2357# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2358 2359# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2360# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2361# Agency (SANA)... 2362# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2363# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2364# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2365# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2366# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2367# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2368# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2369 2370# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2371# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2372# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2373# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2374# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2375 2376# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2377# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2378# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2379# 2380# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2381# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2382# clocks back 60 minutes). 2383# 2384# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2385# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2386# </a> 2387 2388# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2389# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2390# two examples: 2391# 2392# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2393# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2394# </a> 2395# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2396# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2397# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2398# </a> 2399# (Arabic, gov-site) 2400# 2401# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2402# 2403# Our summary 2404# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2405# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2406# </a> 2407 2408# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2409# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2410# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2411# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2412# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2413# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2414# </a> 2415 2416# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2417# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2418# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2419# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2420 2421Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2422Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2423Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2424Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2425 2426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2427Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2428 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2429 2430# Tajikistan 2431# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2433Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2434 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2435 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2436 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2437 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2438 2439# Thailand 2440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2441Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2442 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2443 7:00 - ICT 2444 2445# Turkmenistan 2446# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2447# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2448Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2449 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2450 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2451 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2452 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2453 5:00 - TMT 2454 2455# United Arab Emirates 2456# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2457Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2458 4:00 - GST 2459 2460# Uzbekistan 2461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2462Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2463 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2464 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2465 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2466 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2467 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2468 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2469 5:00 - UZT 2470Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2471 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2472 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2473 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2474 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2475 5:00 - UZT 2476 2477# Vietnam 2478 2479# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2480# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2481# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2482 2483# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2484# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2485Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2486 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2487 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2488 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2489 7:00 - ICT 2490 2491# Yemen 2492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2493Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2494 3:00 - AST 2495