asia revision 200835
1# @(#)asia 8.48 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time 36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41# 5:30 IST India 42# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45# 8:00 CST China 46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51# 52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54# From Guy Harris: 55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60############################################################################### 61 62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80# Afghanistan 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86# Armenia 87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105# Azerbaijan 106# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122# Bahrain 123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128# Bangladesh 129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132# 133# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136# </a> 137# or 138# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140# </a> 141# 142# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143# June 144# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145# crippling power crisis. " 146# 147# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153# 154# Some sources: 155# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157# </a> 158# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160# </a> 161# 162# Our wrap-up: 163# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165# </a> 166 167# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171# 172# No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177# 178# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182# </a> 183# or 184# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186# </a> 187 188# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192# "continue for an indefinite period." 193# 194# One of many places where it is published: 195# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197# </a> 198 199# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 200Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 201 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 202 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 203 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 204 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 205 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 206 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time 207 6:00 1:00 BDST 208 209# Bhutan 210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 211Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 212 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 213 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 214 215# British Indian Ocean Territory 216# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 217# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 218# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 219# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 220# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 221# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 222Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 223 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 224 6:00 - IOT 225 226# Brunei 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 229 7:30 - BNT 1933 230 8:00 - BNT 231 232# Burma / Myanmar 233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 235 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 236 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 237 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 238 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 239 240# Cambodia 241# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 242Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 243 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 244 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 245 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 246 7:00 - ICT 247 248# China 249 250# From Guy Harris: 251# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 252 253# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 254# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 255# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 256# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 257# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 258# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 259# 260# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 261# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 262# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 263# 264# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 265# 1987 mid-April - ?? 266 267# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 268# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 269# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 270 271# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 272# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 273# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 274# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 275# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 276# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 277# pre-1980 time zones. 278 279# From Shanks & Pottenger: 280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 281Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 282Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 283Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 284Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 285Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 286Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 287 288# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 289# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 290# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 291# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 292# 293# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 294# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 295# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 296# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 297# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 298# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 299# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 300# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 301# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 302# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 303 304# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 305# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 306# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 307# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 308# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 309# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 310# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 311# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 312# 313# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 314# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 315# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 316# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 317# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 318# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 319# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 320# 321# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 322# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 323# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 324# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 325# Shanks & Pottenger. 326 327# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 328# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 329# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 330Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 331 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 332 8:00 - CST 1940 333 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 334 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 335 8:00 PRC C%sT 336# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 337# most of China 338Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 339 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 340 8:00 PRC C%sT 341# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 342# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 343# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 344# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 345# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 346Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 347 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 348 8:00 PRC C%sT 349# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 350# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 351# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 352# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 353# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 354# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 355# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 356# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 357# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 358Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 359 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 360 8:00 PRC C%sT 361# Kunlun Time 362# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 363# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 364# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 365# and Yarkand. 366 367# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 368# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 369# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 370# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 371# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 372# they implicitly use Beijing time. 373# 374# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 375# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 376# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 377# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 378# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 379# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 380# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 381# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 382# 383# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 384# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 385# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 386# 387# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 388# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 389# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 390# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 391# others moving their clocks ahead.) 392# 393# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 394# 395# The first few lines of the Google translation of 396# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 397# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 398# </a> 399# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 400# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 401# > 500 million yuan 402# > 403# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 404# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 405# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 406# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 407 408# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 409# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 410# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 411# 412# 1. Wulumuqi... 413# 2. Kashi... 414# 3. Urumqi... 415# 4. Kashgar... 416# ... 417# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 418# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 419# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 420# 421# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 422# start date for Xinjiang time. 423# 424# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 425# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 426# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 427# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 428 429Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 430 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 431 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 432 8:00 PRC C%sT 433 434 435# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 436# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 437# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 438# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 439# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 440# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 441# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 442# obtained from 443# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 444# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 445# </a>. 446 447# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 448# Here are the dates given at 449# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 450# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 451# </a> 452# as of 2009-10-28: 453# Year Period 454# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 455# 1942 Whole year 456# 1943 Whole year 457# 1944 Whole year 458# 1945 Whole year 459# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 460# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 461# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 462# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 463# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 464# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 465# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 466# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 467# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 468# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 469# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 470# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 471# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 472# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 473# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 474# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 475# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 476# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 477# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 478# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 479# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 480# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 481# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 482# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 483# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 484# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 485# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 486# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 487# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 488# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 489# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 490# 1977 Nil 491# 1978 Nil 492# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 493# 1980 to Now Nil 494# The page does not give start or end times of day. 495# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 496# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 497# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 498# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 499# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 500 501# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 502# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 503Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 504Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 505Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 506Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 507Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 508Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 509Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 510Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 511Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 512Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 513Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 514Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 515Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 516Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 517Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 518Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 519Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 520Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 521Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 522# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 524 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 525 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 526 8:00 HK HK%sT 527 528############################################################################### 529 530# Taiwan 531 532# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 533# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 534# have any other information. 535 536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 537Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 538Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 539Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 540Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 541Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 542Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 543Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 544Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 545Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 546Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 547Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 548# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 550 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 551 552# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 553# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 554Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 555Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 556Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 557Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 558Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 559Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 560Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 561Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 562Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 563Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 564Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 565Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 566Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 567Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 568# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 569Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 570 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 571 8:00 PRC C%sT 572 573 574############################################################################### 575 576# Cyprus 577# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 578Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 579Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 580Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 581Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 582Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 583Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 584Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 585Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 586Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 588Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 589 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 590 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 591# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 592 593# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 594# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 595Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 596 597# Georgia 598# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 599# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 600# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 601# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 602# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 603# 604# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 605# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 606# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 607# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 608# 609# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 610# 611# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 612# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 613# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 614# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 615# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 616# of integration into Europe. 617 618# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 619# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 620# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 621# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 622# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 623# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 624# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 625# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 626# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 627 628 629# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 630Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 631 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 632 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 633 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 634 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 635 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 636 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 637 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 638 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 639 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 640 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 641 4:00 - GET 642 643# East Timor 644 645# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 646 647# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 648# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 649# East Timor may be late for its millennium 650# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 651# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 652# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 653# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 654# conflicts with their way of life. 655 656# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 657# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 658# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 659 660# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 661# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 662# (2000-08-16)</a>: 663# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 664# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 665# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 666# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 667 668# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 669Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 670 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 671 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 672 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 673 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 674 9:00 - TLT 675 676# India 677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 678Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 679 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 680 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 681 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 682 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 683 5:30 - IST 684# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 685# Andaman Is 686# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 687# Nicobar Is 688 689# Indonesia 690# 691# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 692# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 693# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 694# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 695# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 696# 697# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 698# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 699# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 700# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 701# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 702# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 703# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 704# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 705# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 706# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 707# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 708# switched on 1945-09-23. 709# 710# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 711Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 712# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 713# but this must be a typo. 714 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 715 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 716 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 717 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 718 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 719 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 720 7:30 - WIT 1964 721 7:00 - WIT 722Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 723 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 724 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 725 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 726 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 727 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 728 7:30 - WIT 1964 729 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 730 7:00 - WIT 731Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 732 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 733 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 734 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 735 8:00 - CIT 736Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 737 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 738 9:30 - CST 1964 739 9:00 - EIT 740 741# Iran 742 743# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 744# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 745# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 746# 747# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 748# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 749# 750# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 751# 752# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 753# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 754# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 755# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 756# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 757# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 758# 759# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 760# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 761# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 762# Shahrivar. 763# 764# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 765# 766# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 767# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 768# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 769# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 770# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 771# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 772# 773# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 774# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 775# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 776# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 777# plan to change that law.... 778# 779# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 780# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 781# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 782# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 783# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 784# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 785# 786# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 787# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 788# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 789# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 790# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 791# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 792# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 793# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 794# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 795# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 796# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 797# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 798# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 799# 800# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 801# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 802# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 803# 804# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 805# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 806# daylight saving time ... 807# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 808# 809# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 810# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 811# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 812# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 813# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 814# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 815# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 816# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 817# 818# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 819Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 820Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 821Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 822Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 823Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 824Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 825Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 826Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 827Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 828Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 829Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 830Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 831Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 832Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 833Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 834Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 835Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 836Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 837Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 838Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 839Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 840Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 841Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 842Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 843Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 844Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 845Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 846Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 847Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 848Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 849Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 850Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 851Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 852Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 853Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 854Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 855Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 856Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 857Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 858Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 859Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 860Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 861Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 862Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 863Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 864Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 865Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 866Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 867Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 868# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 869Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 870 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 871 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 872 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 873 3:30 Iran IR%sT 874 875 876# Iraq 877# 878# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 879# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 880# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 881# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 882# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 883# 884# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 885# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 886# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 887# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 888# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 889# 890# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 891 892# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 893# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 894# news sources (in Arabic): 895# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 896# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 897# </a> 898# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 899# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 900# </a> 901# 902# We have published a short article in English about the change: 903# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 904# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 905# </a> 906 907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 908Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 909Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 910Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 911Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 912Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 913Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 914# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 915# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 916# 917Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 918Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 919# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 920Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 921 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 922 3:00 - AST 1982 May 923 3:00 Iraq A%sT 924 925 926############################################################################### 927 928# Israel 929 930# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 931# 932# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 933# different abbreviations in use: 934# 935# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 936# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 937# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 938# 939# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 940# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 941# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 942# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 943# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 944# settings in Israeli computers. 945# 946# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 947# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 948# family is from India). 949 950# From Shanks & Pottenger: 951# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 952Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 953Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 954Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 955Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 956Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 957Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 958Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 959Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 960Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 961Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 962Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 963Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 964Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 965Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 966Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 967Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 968Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 969Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 970Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 971Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 972Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 973Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 974Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 975Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 976Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 977Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 978Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 979Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 980Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 981Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 982Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 983Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 984Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 985Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 986Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 987Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 988Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 989Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 990Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 991Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 992 993# From Ephraim Silverberg 994# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 995# and 2005-02-17): 996 997# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 998# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 999# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1000# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1001# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1002# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1003# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1004# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1005# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1006# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1007# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1008# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1009# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1010# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1011# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1012# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1013# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1014# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1015# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1016# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1017# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1018# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1019 1020# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1021Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1022Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1023Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1024Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1025Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1026Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1027Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1028Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1029Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1030Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1031 1032# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1033# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1034# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1035 1036# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1037Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1038Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1039Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1040Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1041 1042# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1043# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1044# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1045# 1046# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1047# 1048# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1049# 1050# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1051# 1052# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1053# 1054# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1055 1056# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1057Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1058Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1059Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1060Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1061Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1062Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1063Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1064Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1065 1066# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1067# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1068# years 2001-2004 as well. 1069# 1070# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1071# 1072# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1073# 1074# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1075# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1076# 1077# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1078 1079# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1080Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1081Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1082Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1083Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1084Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1085Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1086Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1087Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1088Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1089Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1090 1091# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1092# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1093# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1094# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1095# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1096# 1097# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1098# 1099# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1100 1101# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1102# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1103# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1104# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1105# to generate the transitions in this list. 1106# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1107# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1108# 1109# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1110# 1111# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1112# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1113# springtime transitions explicitly. 1114 1115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1116Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1117Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1118Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1119Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1120Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1121Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1122Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1123Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1124Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1125Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1126Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1127Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1128Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1129Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1130Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1131Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1132Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1133Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1134Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1135Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1136Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1137Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1138Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1139Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1140Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1141Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1142Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1143Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1144Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1145Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1146Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1147Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1148Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1149Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1150Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1151Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1152Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1153Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1154Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1155Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1156Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1157Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1158Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1159 1160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1161Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1162 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1163 2:00 Zion I%sT 1164 1165 1166 1167############################################################################### 1168 1169# Japan 1170 1171# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1172 1173# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1174# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1175# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1176# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1177 1178# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1179# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1180# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1181# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1182# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1183# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1184# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1185# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1186# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1187# wanted to keep it.) 1188 1189# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1190# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1192Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1193Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1194Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1195Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1196# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1197# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1198# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1199# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1200 1201# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1202# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1203# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1204# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1205# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1206# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1207# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1208 1209# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1210# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1211# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1212# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1213# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1214# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1215# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1216# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1217# standard.... 1218# 1219# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1220# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1221 1222# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1223# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1224# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1225 1226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1227Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1228 9:00 - JST 1896 1229 9:00 - CJT 1938 1230 9:00 Japan J%sT 1231# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1232 1233# Jordan 1234# 1235# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1236# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1237# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1238# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1239# all year round. 1240# 1241# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1242# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1243# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1244# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1245# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1246# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1247# 1248# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1249# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1250# 1251# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1252# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1253# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1254# 1255# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1256# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1257# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1258# 1259 1260# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1261# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1262# Jordan. 1263# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1264# saving 1265# time on the last Thursday in March. 1266# 1267# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1268# 1269# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1270# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1271# Please see 1272# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1273# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1274# </a> 1275 1276# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1277# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1278# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1279# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1280# </a> 1281# 1282# Google's translation: 1283# 1284# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1285# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1286# > of the month of March of each year. 1287# 1288# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1289 1290# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1291# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1292 1293# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1294Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1295Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1296Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1297Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1298Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1299Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1300Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1301Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1302Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1303Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1304Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1305Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1306Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1307Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1308Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1309Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1310Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1311Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1312Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1313Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1314Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1315Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1316Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1317Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1318Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1319Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1320Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1321Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1323Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1324 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1325 1326 1327# Kazakhstan 1328 1329# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1330# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1331# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1332# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1333# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1334# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1335 1336# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1337# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1338# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1339# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1340# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1341# 1342# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1343# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1344# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1345 1346# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1347# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1348# </a> 1349# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1350# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1351# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1352# 1353# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1354# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1355# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1356# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1357# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1358# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1359# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1360# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1361# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1362 1363# 1364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1365# 1366# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1367Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1368 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1369 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1370 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1371 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1372 6:00 - ALMT 1373# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1374Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1375 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1376 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1377 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1378 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1379 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1380 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1381 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1382 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1383 6:00 - QYZT 1384# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1385Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1386 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1387 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1388 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1389 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1390 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1391 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1392 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1393 5:00 - AQTT 1394# Mangghystau 1395# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1396# so include time stamps before 1963. 1397Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1398 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1399 5:00 - FORT 1963 1400 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1401 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1402 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1403 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1404 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1405 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1406 5:00 - AQTT 1407# West Kazakhstan 1408Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1409 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1410 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1411 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1412 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1413 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1414 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1415 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1416 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1417 5:00 - ORAT 1418 1419# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1420# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1421 1422# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1423# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1424# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1425# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1426# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1427# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1428# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1429# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1430 1431# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1432Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1433Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1434Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1435Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1438 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1439 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1440 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1441 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1442 6:00 - KGT 1443 1444############################################################################### 1445 1446# Korea (North and South) 1447 1448# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1449# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1450# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1451# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1452# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1453# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1454 1455# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1456# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1457Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1458Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1459Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1460Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1461 1462# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1463Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1464 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1465 9:00 - KST 1928 1466 8:30 - KST 1932 1467 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1468 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1469 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1470 9:00 ROK K%sT 1471Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1472 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1473 9:00 - KST 1928 1474 8:30 - KST 1932 1475 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1476 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1477 9:00 - KST 1478 1479############################################################################### 1480 1481# Kuwait 1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1483# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1484# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1485# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1486# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1487# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1488# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1489# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1490# so for now we assume no DST. 1491Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1492 3:00 - AST 1493 1494# Laos 1495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1496Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1497 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1498 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1499 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1500 7:00 - ICT 1501 1502# Lebanon 1503# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1504Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1505Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1506Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1507Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1508Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1509Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1510Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1511Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1512Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1513Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1514Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1515Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1516Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1517Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1519Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1520Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1521Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1522Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1523Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1524Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1525Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1526Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1527Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1528# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1529Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1530 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1531 1532# Malaysia 1533# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1534Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1535Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1536# 1537# peninsular Malaysia 1538# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1539# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1540# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1541Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1542 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1543 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1544 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1545 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1546 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1547 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1548 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1549 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1550# Sabah & Sarawak 1551# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1552# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1553# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1555Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1556 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1557 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1558 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1559 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1560 8:00 - MYT 1561 1562# Maldives 1563# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1564Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1565 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1566 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1567 1568# Mongolia 1569 1570# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1571# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1572# both say that it has just one. 1573 1574# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1575# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1576# General Information Mongolia 1577# </a> (1999-09) 1578# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1579# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1580# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1581# eight hours." 1582 1583# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1584# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1585# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1586# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1587# of implementation may have been different.... 1588# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1589# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1590# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1591 1592# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1593# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1594# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1595# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1596# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1597# is good enough for our purposes. 1598 1599# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1600# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1601# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1602# there are three time zones. 1603# 1604# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1605# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1606# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1607# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1608# 1609# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1610 1611# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1612# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1613# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1614# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1615# 1616# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1617# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1618# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1619 1620# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1621# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1622# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1623# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1624# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1625# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1626# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1627# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1628# He also found 1629# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1630# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1631# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1632# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1633# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1634# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1635# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1636# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1637 1638# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1639# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1640# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1641# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1642 1643# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1644# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1645# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1646# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1647# database on this, e.g.: 1648# 1649# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1650# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1651# </a> 1652# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1653# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1654# </a> 1655# 1656# both say GMT+08:00. 1657 1658# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1659# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1660# schedule here: 1661# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1662# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1663# </a> 1664# (click the English flag for English) 1665# 1666# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1667# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1668# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1669# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1670# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1671# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1672 1673# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1674# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1675# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1676# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1677# this is almost surely wrong. 1678 1679# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1680Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1681Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1682# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1683# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1684# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1685# 1686# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1687# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1688# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1689# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1690# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1691# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1692 1693Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1694Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1695# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1696Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1697Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1698Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1699 1700# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1701# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1702Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1703 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1704 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1705# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1706Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1707 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1708 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1709# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1710# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1711Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1712 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1713 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1714 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1715 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1716 1717# Nepal 1718# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1719Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1720 5:30 - IST 1986 1721 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1722 1723# Oman 1724# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1725Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1726 4:00 - GST 1727 1728# Pakistan 1729 1730# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1731# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1732# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1733# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1734# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1735# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1736 1737# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1738# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1739# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1740# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1741# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1742# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1743# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1744# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1745# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1746# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1747# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1748 1749# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1750# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1751# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1752 1753# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1754# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1755# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1756# 1757# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1758# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1759# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1760# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1761# 1762# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1763# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1764 1765# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1766# 1767# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1768# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1769# 1770# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1771# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1772# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1773# ...." 1774# 1775# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1776# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1777# </a> 1778# OR 1779# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1780# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1781# </a> 1782 1783# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1784# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1785 1786# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1787# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1788# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1789# instead of August 31. 1790# 1791# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1792# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1793# </a> 1794# OR 1795# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1796# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1797# </a> 1798 1799# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1800# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1801# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1802# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1803# official working." 1804# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1805# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1806# </a> 1807# 1808# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1809# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1810# 1811# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1812# April 08, 2009 1813# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1814# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1815# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1816# </a> 1817# 1818# or 1819# 1820# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1821# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1822# </a> 1823# 1824# .... 1825# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1826# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1827# conserve energy" 1828 1829# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1830# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1831# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1832# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1833# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1834# this regard." 1835# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1836# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1837# </a> 1838 1839# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1840# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1841# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1842# 1, 2009. 1843# 1844# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1845# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1846# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1847# </a> 1848# or 1849# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1850# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1851# </a> 1852 1853# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1854# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1855# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1856# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1857# > 1, 2009. 1858# 1859# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1860# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1861# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1862# </a> 1863# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1864# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1865# Monday." 1866# 1867# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1868# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1869# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1870# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1871# 1872# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1873# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1874# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1875# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1876# </a> 1877 1878# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1879# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1880# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1881 1882# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1883Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1884Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1885Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1886Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1887Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1888Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1889# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1890Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1891 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1892 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1893 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1894 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1895 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1896 1897# Palestine 1898 1899# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1900# 1901# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1902# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1903# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1904# 1905# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1906# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1907# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1908# though. 1909# 1910# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1911# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1912# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1913# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1914# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1915# East Jerusalem. 1916# 1917# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1918# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1919# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1920# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1921# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1922# 1923# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1924# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1925# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1926# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1927# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1928# Jordanian one). 1929# 1930# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1931# 1932# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1933# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1934# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1935# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1936# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1937# 1938# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1939# have one). 1940 1941# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1942# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1943# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1944# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1945# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1946# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1947# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1948# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1949# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1950# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1951# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1952 1953# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1954# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1955# 1956# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1957# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1958# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1959# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1960 1961# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1962# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1963# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1964# Holiday havoc 1965# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1966# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1967# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1968# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1969# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1970 1971# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1972# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1973 1974# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1975# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 1976# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 1977# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 1978# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 1979 1980# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 1981# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 1982# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 1983# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 1984# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 1985# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 1986# the West Bank. 1987 1988# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 1989# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 1990# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 1991# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 1992# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 1993# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 1994# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 1995# because of the Ramadan. 1996 1997# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 1998# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 1999# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2000 2001# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2002# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2003# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2004# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2005# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2006# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2007 2008# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2009# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2010# 2011# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2012# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2013# 2014# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2015# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2016# </a> 2017# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2018# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2019# </a> 2020# or 2021# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2022# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2023# </a> 2024 2025# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2026# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2027# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2028# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2029# 2030# (in Arabic) 2031# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2032# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2033# </a> 2034# 2035# or 2036# (English translation) 2037# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2038# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2039# </a> 2040 2041# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2042# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2043# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2044# 2045# One news source: 2046# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2047# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2048# </a> 2049# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2050# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2051# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2052# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2053# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2054# 2055# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2056# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2057# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2058# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2059# </a> 2060 2061# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2062# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2063# 2064# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2065# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2066# 2067# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2068# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2069# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2070# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2071# </a> 2072# or 2073# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2074# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2075# </a> 2076 2077# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2078# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2079Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2080Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2081Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2082Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2083Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2084Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2085 2086Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2087Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2088Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2089Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2090Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2091Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2092Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2093Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2094Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2095Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2096 2097# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2098Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2099 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2100 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2101 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2102 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2103 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2104 2105# Paracel Is 2106# no information 2107 2108# Philippines 2109# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2110# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2111# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2112# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2113# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2114 2115# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2116# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2117# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2118# rainy season begins. See 2119# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2120# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2121# 2122# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2123# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2124# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2125# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2126# but no details] 2127 2128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2129Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2130Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2131Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2132Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2133Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2134Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2136Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2137 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2138 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2139 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2140 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2141 2142# Qatar 2143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2144Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2145 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2146 3:00 - AST 2147 2148# Saudi Arabia 2149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2150Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2151 3:00 - AST 2152 2153# Singapore 2154# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2155# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2157Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2158 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2159 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2160 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2161 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2162 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2163 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2164 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2165 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2166 8:00 - SGT 2167 2168# Spratly Is 2169# no information 2170 2171# Sri Lanka 2172# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2173# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2174# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2175# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2176# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2177# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2178# 2179# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2180# by Shamindra in 2181# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2182# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2183# </a>: 2184# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2185# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2186 2187# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2188# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2189# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2190# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2191 2192# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2193# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2194# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2195# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2196# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2197# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2198# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2199# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2200 2201# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2202# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2203# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2204# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2205# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2206# 2207# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2208# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2209# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2210# 2211# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2212# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2213# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2214# item.... 2215# 2216# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2217# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2218# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2219# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2220# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2221# 2222# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2223# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2224# all computers. 2225 2226# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2227# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2228# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2229 2230# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2231Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2232 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2233 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2234 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2235 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2236 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2237 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2238 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2239 5:30 - IST 2240 2241# Syria 2242# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2243Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2244Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2245Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2246Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2247Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2248Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2249Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2250Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2251Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2252Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2253Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2254Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2255Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2256Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2257Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2258Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2259Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2260Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2261Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2262Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2263Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2264Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2265Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2266Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2267Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2268Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2269Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2270Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2271# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2272# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2273# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2274# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2275# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2276# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2277Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2278Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2279Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2280Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2281# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2282# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2283# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2284Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2285# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2286# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2287# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2288Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2289# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2290# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2291# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2292# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2293# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2294# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2295# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2296# 2297# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2298# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2299# 2300# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2301# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2302# 2303# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2304# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2305# 2306# which using Google's translate tools says: 2307# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2308# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2309# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2310Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2311 2312# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2313# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2314# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2315# are now using: 2316# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2317# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2318# Variation 2319# Syrian Arab 2320# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2321# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2322# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2323 2324# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2325# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2326# Agency (SANA)... 2327# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2328# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2329# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2330# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2331# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2332# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2333# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2334 2335# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2336# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2337# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2338# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2339# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2340 2341# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2342# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2343# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2344# 2345# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2346# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2347# clocks back 60 minutes). 2348# 2349# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2350# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2351# </a> 2352 2353# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2354# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2355# two examples: 2356# 2357# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2358# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2359# </a> 2360# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2361# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2362# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2363# </a> 2364# (Arabic, gov-site) 2365# 2366# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2367# 2368# Our summary 2369# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2370# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2371# </a> 2372 2373# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2374# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2375# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2376# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2377# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2378# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2379# </a> 2380 2381# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2382# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2383# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2384# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2385 2386Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2387Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2388Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2389Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2390 2391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2392Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2393 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2394 2395# Tajikistan 2396# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2398Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2399 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2400 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2401 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2402 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2403 2404# Thailand 2405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2406Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2407 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2408 7:00 - ICT 2409 2410# Turkmenistan 2411# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2412# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2413Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2414 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2415 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2416 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2417 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2418 5:00 - TMT 2419 2420# United Arab Emirates 2421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2422Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2423 4:00 - GST 2424 2425# Uzbekistan 2426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2427Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2428 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2429 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2430 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2431 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2432 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2433 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2434 5:00 - UZT 2435Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2436 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2437 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2438 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2439 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2440 5:00 - UZT 2441 2442# Vietnam 2443 2444# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2445# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2446# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2447 2448# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2450Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2451 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2452 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2453 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2454 7:00 - ICT 2455 2456# Yemen 2457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2458Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2459 3:00 - AST 2460