asia revision 158421
1# @(#)asia 8.4 2# <pre> 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 29# 30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 32# Corrections are welcome! 33# std dst 34# LMT Local Mean Time 35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 39# 4:00 GST Gulf* 40# 5:30 IST India 41# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 44# 8:00 CST China 45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 50# 51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 52 53# From Guy Harris: 54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 58 59############################################################################### 60 61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 64Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 65Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 67Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 68Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 71Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 79# Afghanistan 80# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 81Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 82 4:00 - AFT 1945 83 4:30 - AFT 84 85# Armenia 86# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 87# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 88# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 89# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 90# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 91# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 92# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 93# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 94# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 101 4:00 - AMT 1997 102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 103 104# Azerbaijan 105# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 106# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 107# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 120 121# Bahrain 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 125 3:00 - AST 126 127# Bangladesh 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 136 137# Bhutan 138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 142 143# British Indian Ocean Territory 144# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 145# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 146# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 147# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 148# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 152 6:00 - IOT 153 154# Brunei 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 157 7:30 - BNT 1933 158 8:00 - BNT 159 160# Burma / Myanmar 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 167 168# Cambodia 169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 174 7:00 - ICT 175 176# China 177 178# From Guy Harris: 179# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 180 181# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 182# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 183# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 184# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 185# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 186# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 187# 188# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 189# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 190# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 191# 192# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 193# 1987 mid-April - ?? 194 195# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 196# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 197# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 198 199# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 200# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 201# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 202# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 203# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 204# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 205# pre-1980 time zones. 206 207# From Shanks & Pottenger: 208# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 209Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 210Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 211Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 212Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 213Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 214Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 215# 216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 217# 218# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 219# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 220# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 221# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949): 222# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 223Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 224 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 225 8:00 - CST 1940 226 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 227 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 228 8:00 PRC C%sT 229# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 230Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 231 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 232 8:00 PRC C%sT 233# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 234Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 235 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 236 8:00 PRC C%sT 237# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 238Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 239 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 240 8:00 PRC C%sT 241# Kunlun Time 242Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 243 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 244 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 245 8:00 PRC C%sT 246 247# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 249Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 250Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 251Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 252Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 253Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 254Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 255Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 256Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 257Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 258Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 259Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 260Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 261Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 262Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 263Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 266 8:00 HK HK%sT 267 268 269############################################################################### 270 271# Taiwan 272 273# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 274# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 275# have any other information. 276 277# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 278Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 279Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 280Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 281Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 282Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 283Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 284Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 285Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 286Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 287Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 288Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 291 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 292 293# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 294# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 295Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 296Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 297Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 298Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 299Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 300Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 301Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 302Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 303Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 304Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 305Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 306Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 307Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 308Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 309# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 310Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 311 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 312 8:00 PRC C%sT 313 314 315############################################################################### 316 317# Cyprus 318# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 319Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 320Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 321Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 322Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 323Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 324Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 325Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 326Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 327Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 328# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 329Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 330 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 331 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 332# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 333 334# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 335# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 336Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 337 338# Georgia 339# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 340# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 341# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 342# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 343# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 344# 345# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 346# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 347# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 348# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 349# 350# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 351# 352# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 353# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 354# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 355# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 356# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 357# of integration into Europe. 358 359# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 360# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 361# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 362# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 363# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 364# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 365# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 366# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 367# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 368 369 370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 371Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 372 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 373 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 374 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 375 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 376 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 377 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 378 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 379 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 380 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 381 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 382 4:00 - GET 383 384# East Timor 385 386# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 387# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 388# East Timor may be late for its millennium 389# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 390# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 391# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 392# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 393# conflicts with their way of life. 394 395# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 396# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 397# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 398 399# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 400# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 401# (2000-08-16)</a>: 402# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 403# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 404# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 405# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 406 407# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 409 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 410 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 411 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 412 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 413 9:00 - TLT 414 415# India 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 418 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 419 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 420 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 421 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 422 5:30 - IST 423# The following are like Asia/Calcutta: 424# Andaman Is 425# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 426# Nicobar Is 427 428# Indonesia 429# 430# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 431# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 432# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 433# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 434# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 435# 436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 438# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 439# but this must be a typo. 440 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 441 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 442 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 443 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 444 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 445 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 446 7:30 - WIT 1964 447 7:00 - WIT 448Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 449 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 450 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 451 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 452 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 453 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 454 7:30 - WIT 1964 455 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 456 7:00 - WIT 457Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 458 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 459 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 460 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 461 8:00 - CIT 462Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 463 9:00 - EIT 1944 464 9:30 - CST 1964 465 9:00 - EIT 466 467# Iran 468 469# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 470# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 471# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 472# 473# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 474# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 475# 476# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 477# 478# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 479# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 480# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 481# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 482# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 483# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 484# 485# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 486# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 487# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 488# Shahrivar. 489# 490# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 491# 492# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 493# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 494# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 495# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 496# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 497# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 498# 499# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 500# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 501# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 502# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 503# plan to change that law.... 504# 505# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 506# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 507# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 508# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 509# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 510# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 511# 512# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 513# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 514# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 515# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 516# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 517# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 518# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 519# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 520# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 521# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 522# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 523# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 524# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 525# 526# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 527# The above comments about post-2006 transitions may become relevant again, 528# if Iran ever resuscitates DST, so we'll leave the comments in. 529# 530# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 531# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 532# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 533# 534# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 535Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 536Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 537Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 538Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 539Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 540Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 541Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 542Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 543Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 544Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 545Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 546Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 547Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 548Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 549Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 550Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 551Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 552Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 553Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 555Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 556 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 557 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 558 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 559 3:30 Iran IR%sT 560 561 562# Iraq 563# 564# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 565# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 566# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 567# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 568# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 569# 570# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 571# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 572# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 573# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 574# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 575# 576# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 577 578# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 579Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 580Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 581Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 582Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 583Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 584Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 585# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 586# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 587# 588Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 589Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 590# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 591Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 592 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 593 3:00 - AST 1982 May 594 3:00 Iraq A%sT 595 596 597############################################################################### 598 599# Israel 600 601# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 602# 603# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 604# different abbreviations in use: 605# 606# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 607# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 608# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 609# 610# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 611# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 612# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 613# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 614# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 615# settings in Israeli computers. 616# 617# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 618# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 619# family is from India). 620 621# From Shanks & Pottenger: 622# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 623Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 624Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 625Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 626Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 627Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 628Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 629Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 630Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 631Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 632Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 633Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 634Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 635Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 636Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 637Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 638Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 639Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 640Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 641Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 642Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 643Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 644Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 645Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 646Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 647Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 648Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 649Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 650Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 651Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 652Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 653Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 654Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 655Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 656Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 657Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 658Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 659Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 660Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 661Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 662Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 663 664# From Ephraim Silverberg 665# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 666# and 2005-02-17): 667 668# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 669# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 670# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 671# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 672# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 673# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 674# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 675# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 676# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 677# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 678# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 679# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 680# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 681# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 682# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 683# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 684# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 685# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 686# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 687# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 688# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 689# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 690 691# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 692Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 693Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 694Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 695Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 696Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 697Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 698Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 699Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 700Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 701Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 702 703# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 704# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 705# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 706 707# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 708Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 709Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 710Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 711Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 712 713# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 714# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 715# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 716# 717# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 718# 719# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 720# 721# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 722# 723# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 724# 725# where YYYY is the relevant year. 726 727# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 728Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 729Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 730Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 731Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 732Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 733Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 734Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 735Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 736 737# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 738# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 739# years 2001-2004 as well. 740# 741# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 742# 743# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 744# 745# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 746# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 747# 748# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 749 750# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 751Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 752Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 753Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 754Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 755Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 756Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 757Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 758Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 759Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 760Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 761 762# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 763# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 764# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 765# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 766# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 767# 768# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 769# 770# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 771 772# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 773# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 774# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 775# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 776# to generate the transitions in this list. 777# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 778# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 779# 780# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 781# 782# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 783# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 784# springtime transitions explicitly. 785 786# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 787Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 788Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 789Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 790Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 791Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 792Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 793Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 794Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 795Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 796Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 797Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 798Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 799Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 800Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 801Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 802Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 803Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 804Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 805Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 806Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 807Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 808Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 809Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 810Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 811Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 812Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 813Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 814Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 815Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 816Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 817Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 818Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 819Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 820Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 821Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 822Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 823Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 824Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 825Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 826Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 827Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 828Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 829Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 830 831# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 832Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 833 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 834 2:00 Zion I%sT 835 836 837 838############################################################################### 839 840# Japan 841 842# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 843 844# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 845# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 846# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 847# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 848 849# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 850# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 851# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 852# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 853# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 854# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 855# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 856# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 857# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 858# wanted to keep it.) 859 860# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 861# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 862# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 864Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 865Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 866Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 867# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 868# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 869# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 870# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 871 872# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 873# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 874# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 875# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 876# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 877# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 878# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 879 880# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 881# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 882# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 883# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 884# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 885# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 886# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 887# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 888# standard.... 889# 890# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 891# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 892 893# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 894# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 895# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 896 897# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 898Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 899 9:00 - JST 1896 900 9:00 - CJT 1938 901 9:00 Japan J%sT 902# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 903 904# Jordan 905# 906# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 907# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 908# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 909# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 910# all year round. 911# 912# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 913# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 914# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 915# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 916# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 917# government's departments from six to seven hours. 918# 919# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 920# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 921# 922# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 923# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 924# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 925# 926# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 927Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 928Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 929Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 930Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 931Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 932Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 933Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 934Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 935Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 936Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 937Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 938Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 939Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 940Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 941Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 942Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 943Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 944Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 945Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 946Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 947Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 948Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 949Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 950Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 951Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 952Rule Jordan 2005 max - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 954Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 955 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 956 957 958# Kazakhstan 959 960# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 961# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 962# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 963# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 964# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 965# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 966 967# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 968# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 969# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 970# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 971# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 972# 973# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 974# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 975# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 976 977# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 978# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 979# </a> 980# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 981# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 982# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 983# 984# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 985# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 986# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 987# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 988# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 989# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 990# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 991# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 992# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 993 994# 995# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 996# 997# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 998Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 999 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1000 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1001 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1002 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1003 6:00 - ALMT 1004# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1005Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1006 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1007 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1008 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1009 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1010 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1011 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1012 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1013 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1014 6:00 - QYZT 1015# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1016Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1017 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1018 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1019 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1020 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1021 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1022 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1023 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1024 5:00 - AQTT 1025# Mangghystau 1026# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1027# so include time stamps before 1963. 1028Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1029 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1030 5:00 - FORT 1963 1031 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1032 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1033 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1034 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1035 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1036 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1037 5:00 - AQTT 1038# West Kazakhstan 1039Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1040 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1041 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1042 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1043 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1044 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1045 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1046 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1047 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1048 5:00 - ORAT 1049 1050# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1051# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1052 1053# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1054# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1055# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1056# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1057# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1058# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1059# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1060# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1061 1062# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1063Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1064Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1065Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1066Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1067# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1068Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1069 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1070 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1071 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1072 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1073 6:00 - KGT 1074 1075############################################################################### 1076 1077# Korea (North and South) 1078 1079# From Guy Harris: 1080# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, 1081# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know 1082# at what time of day DST starts or ends. 1083 1084# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1085# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1086Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1087Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1088Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1089Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1090 1091# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1092Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1093 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1094 9:00 - KST 1928 1095 8:30 - KST 1932 1096 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1097 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1098 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1099 9:00 ROK K%sT 1100Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1101 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1102 9:00 - KST 1928 1103 8:30 - KST 1932 1104 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1105 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1106 9:00 - KST 1107 1108############################################################################### 1109 1110# Kuwait 1111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1112Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1113 3:00 - AST 1114 1115# Laos 1116# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1117Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1118 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1119 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1120 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1121 7:00 - ICT 1122 1123# Lebanon 1124# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1125Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1126Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1127Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1128Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1129Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1130Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1131Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1132Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1133Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1134Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1135Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1136Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1137Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1138Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1139Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1140Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1141Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1142Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1143Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1144Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1145Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1146Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1147Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1148Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1150Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1151 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1152 1153# Malaysia 1154# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1155Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1156Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1157# 1158# peninsular Malaysia 1159# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1160# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1162Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1163 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1164 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1165 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1166 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1167 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1168 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1169 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1170 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1171# Sabah & Sarawak 1172# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1173# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1174# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1176Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1177 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1178 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1179 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1180 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1181 8:00 - MYT 1182 1183# Maldives 1184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1185Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1186 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1187 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1188 1189# Mongolia 1190 1191# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1192# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1193# both say that it has just one. 1194 1195# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1196# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1197# General Information Mongolia 1198# </a> (1999-09) 1199# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1200# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1201# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1202# eight hours." 1203 1204# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1205# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1206# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1207# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1208# of implementation may have been different.... 1209# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1210# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1211# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1212 1213# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1214# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1215# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1216# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1217# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1218# is good enough for our purposes. 1219 1220# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1221# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1222# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1223# there are three time zones. 1224# 1225# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1226# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1227# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1228# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1229# 1230# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1231 1232# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1233# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1234# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1235# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1236# 1237# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1238# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1239# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1240 1241# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1242# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1243# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1244# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1245# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1246# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1247# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1248# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1249# He also found 1250# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1251# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1252# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1253# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1254# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1255# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1256# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1257# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1258 1259# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1260Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1261Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1262# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1263# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1264# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1265# 1266# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1267# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1268# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1269# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1270# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1271# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1272 1273Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1274Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1275# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1276Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1277Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1278Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1279 1280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1281# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1282Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1283 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1284 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1285# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1286Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1287 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1288 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1289# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1290# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1291Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1292 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1293 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1294 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time 1295 1296# Nepal 1297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1298Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1299 5:30 - IST 1986 1300 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1301 1302# Oman 1303# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1304Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1305 4:00 - GST 1306 1307# Pakistan 1308 1309# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1310# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1311# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1312# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1313# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1314# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1315 1316# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1317# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1318# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1319# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1320# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1321# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1322# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1323# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1324# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1325# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1326# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1327 1328# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1329# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1330# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1331 1332# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1333# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1334# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1335# 1336# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1337# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1338# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1339# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1340# 1341# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1342# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1343 1344 1345# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1346Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1347Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1349Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1350 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1351 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1352 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1353 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1354 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1355 1356# Palestine 1357 1358# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1359# 1360# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1361# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1362# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1363# 1364# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1365# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1366# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1367# though. 1368# 1369# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1370# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1371# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1372# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1373# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1374# East Jerusalem. 1375# 1376# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1377# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1378# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1379# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1380# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1381# 1382# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1383# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1384# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1385# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1386# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1387# Jordanian one). 1388# 1389# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1390# 1391# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1392# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1393# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1394# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1395# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1396# 1397# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1398# have one). 1399 1400# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1401# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1402# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1403# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1404# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1405# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1406# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1407# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1408# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1409# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1410# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1411 1412# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1413# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1414# 1415# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1416# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1417# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1418# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1419 1420# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1421# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1422# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1423# Holiday havoc 1424# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1425# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1426# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1427# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1428# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1429 1430# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1431# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1432 1433# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1434# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 1435# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 1436# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 1437# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 1438 1439# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1440# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1441Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1442Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1443Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1444Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1445Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1446Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1447 1448Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1449Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1450Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1451Rule Palestine 2005 max - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1452 1453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1454Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1455 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1456 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1457 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1458 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1459 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1460 1461# Paracel Is 1462# no information 1463 1464# Philippines 1465# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1466# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1467# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1468# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1469# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1470 1471# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1472# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 1473# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 1474# rainy season begins. See 1475# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 1476# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 1477# 1478# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 1479# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 1480# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 1481# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 1482# but no details] 1483 1484# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1485Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1486Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1487Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1488Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1489Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1490Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1492Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1493 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1494 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1495 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1496 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1497 1498# Qatar 1499# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1500Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1501 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1502 3:00 - AST 1503 1504# Saudi Arabia 1505# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1506Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1507 3:00 - AST 1508 1509# Singapore 1510# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1511# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1513Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1514 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1515 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1516 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1517 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1518 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1519 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1520 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1521 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1522 8:00 - SGT 1523 1524# Spratly Is 1525# no information 1526 1527# Sri Lanka 1528# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1529# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1530# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1531# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1532# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1533# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1534# 1535# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1536# by Shamindra in 1537# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1538# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1539# </a>: 1540# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1541# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1542 1543# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 1544# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 1545# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 1546# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 1547 1548# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 1549# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 1550# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 1551# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 1552# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 1553# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 1554# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta', 1555# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 1556 1557# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 1558# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 1559# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 1560# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 1561# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 1562# 1563# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 1564# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 1565# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 1566# 1567# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 1568# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 1569# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 1570# item.... 1571# 1572# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 1573# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 1574# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 1575# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 1576# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 1577# 1578# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 1579# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 1580# all computers. 1581 1582# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1583# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 1584# and then see what people actually say in practice. 1585 1586# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1587Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1588 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1589 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1590 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1591 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1592 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1593 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1594 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 1595 5:30 - IST 1596 1597# Syria 1598# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1599Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1600Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1601Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1602Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1603Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1604Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1605Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1606Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1607Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1608Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1609Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1610Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1611Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1612Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1613Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1614Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1615Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1616Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1617Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1618Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1619Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1620Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1621Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1622Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1623Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1624Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1625Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1626Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1627# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1628# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1629# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1630# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1631Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1632Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1633Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1634Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1636Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1637 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1638 1639# Tajikistan 1640# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1641# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1643 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1644 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1645 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1646 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1647 1648# Thailand 1649# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1650Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1651 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1652 7:00 - ICT 1653 1654# Turkmenistan 1655# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1656# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1657Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1658 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1659 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1660 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1661 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1662 5:00 - TMT 1663 1664# United Arab Emirates 1665# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1666Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1667 4:00 - GST 1668 1669# Uzbekistan 1670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1671Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1672 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1673 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1674 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1675 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 1676 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1677 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1678 5:00 - UZT 1679Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1680 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1681 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1682 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1683 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1684 5:00 - UZT 1685 1686# Vietnam 1687 1688# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1689# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. 1690# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. 1691 1692# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1693# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1694Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1695 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1696 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1697 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1698 7:00 - ICT 1699 1700# Yemen 1701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1702Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 1703 3:00 - AST 1704