1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 364499Swollman 4273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 82742Swollman 9325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13): 102742Swollman# 11274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 152742Swollman# 16325324Sgordon# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17325324Sgordon# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 1820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 2220094Swollman# 232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 262742Swollman# 27248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29325324Sgordon# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30248307Sedwin# 31273718Sedwin# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 32273718Sedwin# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 33273718Sedwin# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 34273718Sedwin# 352742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 372742Swollman# 38325324Sgordon# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables: 39114173Swollman# std dst 40114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 41114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 42114173Swollman# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 43114173Swollman# 5:30 IST India 44257681Sedwin# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 45257681Sedwin# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 46114173Swollman# 8:00 CST China 47325324Sgordon# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 48257681Sedwin# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 49149590Swollman# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 50286750Sedwin# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 51270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 52325324Sgordon# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 53325324Sgordon# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier 54325324Sgordon# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 55325324Sgordon# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 562742Swollman# 57270728Spluknet# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 582742Swollman 592742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 602742Swollman# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 612742Swollman# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 622742Swollman# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 63325324Sgordon# Worldwide Edition). 642742Swollman 652742Swollman############################################################################### 662742Swollman 67270728Spluknet# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6920094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 70158421SwollmanRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7120094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7220094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 7320094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 7420094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 7520094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 7620094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 77309583SglebiusRule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78325324SgordonRule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 79325324SgordonRule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 802742Swollman 812742Swollman# Afghanistan 822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 832742SwollmanZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 84325324Sgordon 4:00 - +04 1945 85325324Sgordon 4:30 - +0430 862742Swollman 872742Swollman# Armenia 88158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 90158421Swollman# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 91158421Swollman# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 92158421Swollman# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 93153670Swollman# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 9443014Swollman# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 9543014Swollman# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 9643014Swollman# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 97233445Sedwin 98233445Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 99233445Sedwin# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 100233445Sedwin# follow Russia's "old" rules. 101233445Sedwin 102233445Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 103233445Sedwin# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 104233445Sedwin# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 105240457Sedwin# 106233445Sedwin# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 107233445Sedwin# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 108233445Sedwin# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 109233445Sedwin# or 110233445Sedwin# (brief) 111233445Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 112325324Sgordon# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 113325324SgordonRule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 114325324SgordonRule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1162742SwollmanZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 117309583Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 118309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119309583Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 120309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1997 121325324Sgordon 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 122325324Sgordon 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 1232742Swollman 1242742Swollman# Azerbaijan 125309583Sglebius 126153670Swollman# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127153670Swollman# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 129290697Sedwin# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 130309583Sglebius 131309583Sglebius# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 132309583Sglebius# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 133309583Sglebius# daylight saving time.... 134325324Sgordon# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 135309583Sglebius# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 136309583Sglebius# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 137309583Sglebius 13843014Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139309583SglebiusRule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 140309583SglebiusRule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 1412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422742SwollmanZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 143309583Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 144309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 145309583Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 146309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1996 147309583Sglebius 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 148309583Sglebius 4:00 Azer +04/+05 1492742Swollman 1502742Swollman# Bahrain 151279706Sedwin# See Asia/Qatar. 1522742Swollman 1532742Swollman# Bangladesh 154193785Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 155193785Sedwin# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 156193785Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 157193785Sedwin# 158193785Sedwin# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 159193785Sedwin# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 160193785Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 161193785Sedwin# 162193785Sedwin# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 163193785Sedwin# June 164193785Sedwin# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 165193785Sedwin# crippling power crisis. " 166193785Sedwin# 167193785Sedwin# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 168193785Sedwin# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 169193785Sedwin 170193785Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 171193785Sedwin# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 172193785Sedwin# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 173193785Sedwin# 174193785Sedwin# Some sources: 175325324Sgordon# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 176193785Sedwin# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 177193785Sedwin# 178193785Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 179325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 180193785Sedwin 181194485Sedwin# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 182240457Sedwin# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 183240457Sedwin# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 184240457Sedwin# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 185194485Sedwin# 186194485Sedwin# No DST end date has been announced yet. 187193785Sedwin 188198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 189240457Sedwin# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 190240457Sedwin# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 191198270Sedwin# 192198270Sedwin# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 193198270Sedwin# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 194198270Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 195198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 196196581Sedwin 197198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 198198270Sedwin# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 199240457Sedwin# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 200240457Sedwin# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 201198270Sedwin# "continue for an indefinite period." 202198270Sedwin# 203198270Sedwin# One of many places where it is published: 204198270Sedwin# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 205198270Sedwin 206201189Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 207201189Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 208201189Sedwin# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 209201189Sedwin# 210201189Sedwin# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 211201189Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 212201189Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 213201189Sedwin# 214201189Sedwin# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 215201189Sedwin# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 216201189Sedwin# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 217201189Sedwin# Minister's Office last night..." 218201189Sedwin 219206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 220206219Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 221240457Sedwin# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 222206219Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 223206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 224204887Sedwin 225201189Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 226202606SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 227273718SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 228201189Sedwin 2292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23075267SwollmanZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 23119878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 232325324Sgordon 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 233325324Sgordon 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 234325324Sgordon 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 235325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 2009 236325324Sgordon 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 2372742Swollman 2382742Swollman# Bhutan 2392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24067578SwollmanZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 241325324Sgordon 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 242325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 2432742Swollman 2442742Swollman# British Indian Ocean Territory 24586222Swollman# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 24686222Swollman# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 247149514Swollman# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 248149514Swollman# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 249149514Swollman# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 2502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 251149514SwollmanZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 252325324Sgordon 5:00 - +05 1996 253325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 2542742Swollman 2552742Swollman# Brunei 2562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257273718SedwinZone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 258325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1933 259325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 2602742Swollman 26114343Swollman# Burma / Myanmar 262248307Sedwin 263248307Sedwin# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 264248307Sedwin 265325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 266325324Sgordon# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 267325324Sgordon# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 268325324Sgordon# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 269325324Sgordon# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 270325324Sgordon 2712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 272325324SgordonZone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 273325324Sgordon 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 274325324Sgordon 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 275325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 276325324Sgordon 6:30 - +0630 2772742Swollman 2782742Swollman# Cambodia 279273718Sedwin# See Asia/Bangkok. 2802742Swollman 281273718Sedwin 28243014Swollman# China 2832742Swollman 2842742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 2852742Swollman# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 2862742Swollman 28719878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 28819878Swollman# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 2892742Swollman# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 290270728Spluknet# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 291270728Spluknet# has two of 'em - Peking's and ��r��mqi (named after the capital of 29293799Swollman# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 2932742Swollman# 2942742Swollman# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 295270728Spluknet# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 2962742Swollman# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 2972742Swollman# 2982742Swollman# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 2992742Swollman# 1987 mid-April - ?? 3002742Swollman 30119878Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 3022742Swollman# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 3032742Swollman# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 3042742Swollman 305270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 306270728Spluknet# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 307270728Spluknet# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 308270728Spluknet# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 3092742Swollman 310270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 311270728Spluknet# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 312270728Spluknet# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 313270728Spluknet# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 314270728Spluknet# go with them for DST rules as follows: 3152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3162742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 3172742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 3182742SwollmanRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 3192742SwollmanRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 32014343SwollmanRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 32114343SwollmanRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 322163302Sru 32393799Swollman# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 32493799Swollman# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 32593799Swollman# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 326163302Sru# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 327169811Swollman# 328270728Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 329163302Sru# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 330325324Sgordon# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 331163302Sru# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 332163302Sru# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 333163302Sru# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 334163302Sru# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 335163302Sru# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 336163302Sru# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 337163302Sru# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 338163302Sru 339325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 340270728Spluknet# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 341181421Sedwin# 342270728Spluknet# (1) 343270728Spluknet# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 344270728Spluknet# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 345270728Spluknet# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 346270728Spluknet# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ������������������), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 347270728Spluknet# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 348270728Spluknet# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 349270728Spluknet# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 350270728Spluknet# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 351270728Spluknet# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 352270728Spluknet# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 353270728Spluknet# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 354270728Spluknet# could well have ignored any such mandate. 355181421Sedwin# 356270728Spluknet# (2) 357270728Spluknet# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 358270728Spluknet# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 359270728Spluknet# [undated and unknown publication location] 360270728Spluknet# It says several things: 361270728Spluknet# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 362270728Spluknet# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 363270728Spluknet# the official calendar book of 1914. 364270728Spluknet# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 365273718Sedwin# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 366273718Sedwin# Observatory and set to local mean time. 367270728Spluknet# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 368270728Spluknet# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 369270728Spluknet# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 370270728Spluknet# became used by railways as well. 371270728Spluknet# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 372270728Spluknet# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 373270728Spluknet# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 374270728Spluknet# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 375270728Spluknet# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 376270728Spluknet# Japanese-occupied territory. 377270728Spluknet# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 378270728Spluknet# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 379270728Spluknet# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 380270728Spluknet# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 381270728Spluknet# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 382270728Spluknet# 383270728Spluknet# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 384270728Spluknet# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 385270728Spluknet# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 386270728Spluknet# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 387309583Sglebius# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 388270728Spluknet# 389270728Spluknet# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 390273718Sedwin# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 391270728Spluknet# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 392270728Spluknet# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 393270728Spluknet# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 394270728Spluknet# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 395270728Spluknet# 396309583Sglebius# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 397325324Sgordon# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 398163302Sru# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 399270728Spluknet# 400309583Sglebius# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 401325324Sgordon# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 402163302Sru# most of China 403270728Spluknet# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 404309583Sglebius# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 405270728Spluknet# 406325324Sgordon# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 407325324Sgordon# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 408163302Sru# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 409325324Sgordon# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 410163302Sru# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 411163302Sru# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 412270728Spluknet# 413309583Sglebius# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 414325324Sgordon# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 415325324Sgordon# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 416325324Sgordon# disagree with ��r��mqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 417163302Sru# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 418163302Sru# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 419163302Sru# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 420163302Sru# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 421270728Spluknet# east Xinjiang, including ��r��mqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 422163302Sru# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 423163302Sru# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 424163302Sru# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 425270728Spluknet# 426309583Sglebius# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 427325324Sgordon# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 428163302Sru# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 429163302Sru# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 430163302Sru# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 431163302Sru# and Yarkand. 432200835Sedwin 433200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 434200835Sedwin# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 435200835Sedwin# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 436200835Sedwin# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 437200835Sedwin# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 438200835Sedwin# they implicitly use Beijing time. 439200835Sedwin# 440200835Sedwin# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 441200835Sedwin# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 442309583Sglebius# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 443200835Sedwin# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 444270728Spluknet# local governments such as the ��r��mqi city government use both times in 445200835Sedwin# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 446270728Spluknet# "��r��mqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 447200835Sedwin# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 448200835Sedwin# 449200835Sedwin# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 450200835Sedwin# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 451200835Sedwin# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 452200835Sedwin# 453200835Sedwin# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 454200835Sedwin# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 455200835Sedwin# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 456200835Sedwin# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 457200835Sedwin# others moving their clocks ahead.) 458200835Sedwin 459200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 460200835Sedwin# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 461200835Sedwin# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 462200835Sedwin# 463200835Sedwin# 1. Wulumuqi... 464200835Sedwin# 2. Kashi... 465200835Sedwin# 3. Urumqi... 466200835Sedwin# 4. Kashgar... 467200835Sedwin# ... 468270728Spluknet# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in ��r��mqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 469200835Sedwin# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 470200835Sedwin# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 471200835Sedwin# 472200835Sedwin# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 473200835Sedwin# start date for Xinjiang time. 474200835Sedwin# 475200835Sedwin# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 476200835Sedwin# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 477200835Sedwin# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 478200835Sedwin# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 479200835Sedwin 480270728Spluknet# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 481270728Spluknet# Just a confirmation that ��r��mqi time was implemented in ��r��mqi on 1 Feb 1986: 482325324Sgordon# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 483270728Spluknet 484270728Spluknet# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 485270728Spluknet# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 486270728Spluknet# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 487270728Spluknet# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 488270728Spluknet# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 489270728Spluknet# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 490270728Spluknet# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka ��r��mqi Time or local time; 491270728Spluknet# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 492270728Spluknet# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 493270728Spluknet# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 494270728Spluknet# problem is that computers and smart phones list ��r��mqi (or Kashgar) as 495270728Spluknet# having the same time as Beijing. 496270728Spluknet 497270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 498309583Sglebius# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 499309583Sglebius# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Kh��tsun, 500270728Spluknet# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 501270728Spluknet# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 502270728Spluknet# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 503270728Spluknet# 504270728Spluknet# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 505270728Spluknet# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 506270728Spluknet# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 507270728Spluknet# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 508273718Sedwin# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 509270728Spluknet# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 510270728Spluknet# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 511270728Spluknet# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 512270728Spluknet# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 513309583Sglebius# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 514270728Spluknet# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 515309583Sglebius# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 516309583Sglebius# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 517270728Spluknet# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 518309583Sglebius# +08 mandate back then. 519270728Spluknet 520270728Spluknet# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521270728Spluknet# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 522270728SpluknetZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 523270728Spluknet 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 52414343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 525270728Spluknet# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by ��r��mqi / ��r��mchi 526270728Spluknet# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 527270728SpluknetZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 528325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 52993799Swollman 530198825Sedwin 531248307Sedwin# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 532248307Sedwin 533248307Sedwin# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 534248307Sedwin 535198825Sedwin# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 536200835Sedwin# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 537200835Sedwin# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 538198825Sedwin# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 539198825Sedwin# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 540198825Sedwin# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 541198825Sedwin# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 542198825Sedwin# obtained from 543198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 544198825Sedwin 545198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 546198825Sedwin# Here are the dates given at 547198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 548198825Sedwin# as of 2009-10-28: 549198825Sedwin# Year Period 550198825Sedwin# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 551240457Sedwin# 1942 Whole year 552198825Sedwin# 1943 Whole year 553198825Sedwin# 1944 Whole year 554198825Sedwin# 1945 Whole year 555198825Sedwin# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 556198825Sedwin# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 557198825Sedwin# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 558198825Sedwin# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 559198825Sedwin# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 560198825Sedwin# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 561198825Sedwin# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 562198825Sedwin# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 563198825Sedwin# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 564198825Sedwin# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 565198825Sedwin# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 566198825Sedwin# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 567198825Sedwin# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 568198825Sedwin# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 569198825Sedwin# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 570198825Sedwin# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 571198825Sedwin# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 572198825Sedwin# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 573198825Sedwin# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 574198825Sedwin# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 575198825Sedwin# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 576198825Sedwin# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 577198825Sedwin# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 578198825Sedwin# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 579198825Sedwin# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 580198825Sedwin# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 581198825Sedwin# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 582198825Sedwin# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 583198825Sedwin# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 584198825Sedwin# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 585198825Sedwin# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 586198825Sedwin# 1977 Nil 587198825Sedwin# 1978 Nil 588198825Sedwin# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 589198825Sedwin# 1980 to Now Nil 590198825Sedwin# The page does not give start or end times of day. 591198825Sedwin# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 592198825Sedwin# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 593198825Sedwin# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 594198825Sedwin# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 595198825Sedwin# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 596198825Sedwin 5972742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 598198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 599198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 6002742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 6012742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 6022742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 6032742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 6042742SwollmanRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 605198825SedwinRule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 606198825SedwinRule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 6072742SwollmanRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 6082742SwollmanRule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 6092742SwollmanRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 6102742SwollmanRule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 6112742SwollmanRule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 612213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 613213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 614198825SedwinRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 615198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 616198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 6172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618248307SedwinZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 619198825Sedwin 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 620198825Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 62158787Sru 8:00 HK HK%sT 6222742Swollman 62330711Swollman############################################################################### 62430711Swollman 62543014Swollman# Taiwan 62630711Swollman 627206868Sedwin# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 628270728Spluknet# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 629206868Sedwin# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 630206868Sedwin# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 631206868Sedwin 632270728Spluknet# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 633270728Spluknet# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 634270728Spluknet# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 635270728Spluknet# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 636270728Spluknet# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 637270728Spluknet# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 638270728Spluknet# found on Wikisource: 639325324Sgordon# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 640270728Spluknet# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 641270728Spluknet# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 642270728Spluknet# declared officially. 643270728Spluknet# 644270728Spluknet# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 645270728Spluknet# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 646270728Spluknet# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 647270728Spluknet# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 648270728Spluknet# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 649270728Spluknet# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 650270728Spluknet# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 651270728Spluknet# be found on Wikisource: 652325324Sgordon# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 653270728Spluknet# 654270728Spluknet# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 655206868Sedwin 656270728Spluknet# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 657270728Spluknet# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 658270728Spluknet# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 659270728Spluknet# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 660270728Spluknet# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 661270728Spluknet# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 662270728Spluknet# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 663270728Spluknet# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 664270728Spluknet# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 665270728Spluknet# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 666270728Spluknet# that: 667270728Spluknet# 668270728Spluknet# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 669270728Spluknet# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 670270728Spluknet# 671270728Spluknet# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 672270728Spluknet# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 673270728Spluknet# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 674270728Spluknet# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 675270728Spluknet# 676270728Spluknet# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 677270728Spluknet# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 678270728Spluknet# Time. 679270728Spluknet# 680270728Spluknet# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 681270728Spluknet# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 682270728Spluknet# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 683270728Spluknet# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 684270728Spluknet# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 685270728Spluknet# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 686270728Spluknet 687270728Spluknet# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 688270728Spluknet# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 689270728Spluknet# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 690270728Spluknet# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 691270728Spluknet# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 692270728Spluknet# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 693270728Spluknet# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 694270728Spluknet# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 695270728Spluknet# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 696270728Spluknet# would be a good one. 697270728Spluknet# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 698270728Spluknet# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 699270728Spluknet 700270728Spluknet# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 701270728Spluknet# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 702270728Spluknet# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 703270728Spluknet# 704270728Spluknet# Original Bulletin: 705273718Sedwin# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 706273718Sedwin# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 707270728Spluknet# 708270728Spluknet# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 709270728Spluknet# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 710270728Spluknet# 711273718Sedwin# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 712270728Spluknet# 713270728Spluknet# Here is a brief translation: 714270728Spluknet# 715270728Spluknet# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 716270728Spluknet# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 717273718Sedwin# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 718270728Spluknet# 719270728Spluknet# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 720270728Spluknet# be found from historical government announcement database. 721270728Spluknet 722270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 723309583Sglebius# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 724270728Spluknet# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 725270728Spluknet# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 726270728Spluknet 72730711Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 728270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 729270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 730270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 731270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 732270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 733270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73430711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 73530711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 73630711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 73730711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73830711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 73930711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 74030711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 741270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 742270728SpluknetRule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 743206868Sedwin 74430711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745270728Spluknet# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 746270728SpluknetZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 747325324Sgordon 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 748273718Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 74930711Swollman 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 75030711Swollman 75193799Swollman# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 7522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 753325324SgordonRule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 754325324SgordonRule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S 755325324SgordonRule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 756325324SgordonRule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 757325324SgordonRule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 758325324SgordonRule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S 759325324SgordonRule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 760325324SgordonRule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S 761325324SgordonRule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 762325324SgordonRule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 763325324SgordonRule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S 764325324SgordonRule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D 765325324SgordonRule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 766325324SgordonRule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 7672742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 768273718SedwinZone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 769325324Sgordon 8:00 Macau C%sT 7702742Swollman 7712742Swollman 7722742Swollman############################################################################### 7732742Swollman 7742742Swollman# Cyprus 775309583Sglebius 776248307Sedwin# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 777309583Sglebius# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 778309583Sglebius 779309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 780309583Sglebius# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 781309583Sglebius# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 782309583Sglebius# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 783248307Sedwin# 784309583Sglebius# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 785309583Sglebius# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 786309583Sglebius# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 787309583Sglebius 788325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 789325324Sgordon# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 790325324Sgordon# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 791325324Sgordon# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 792325324Sgordon# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 793325324Sgordon 7942742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 79519878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 7962742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 79719878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 7982742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 79919878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 8002742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 8012742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 80243543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 80343543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 8042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8052742SwollmanZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 80643543Swollman 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 80758787Sru 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 808309583SglebiusZone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 809309583Sglebius 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 810309583Sglebius 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 811325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 812325324Sgordon 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 8132742Swollman 81467578Swollman# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 81567578Swollman# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 81667578SwollmanLink Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 81767578Swollman 8182742Swollman# Georgia 819149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 8209908Swollman# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 8219908Swollman# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 8229908Swollman# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 82314343Swollman# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 82414343Swollman# 825149514Swollman# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 82620094Swollman# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 82720094Swollman# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 82820094Swollman# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 829136638Swollman# 830136638Swollman# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 831149514Swollman# 832136638Swollman# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 833136638Swollman# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 834136638Swollman# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 835136638Swollman# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 836270728Spluknet# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 837136638Swollman# of integration into Europe. 838136638Swollman 839153670Swollman# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 840153670Swollman# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 841153670Swollman# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 842153670Swollman# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 843153670Swollman# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 844153670Swollman# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 845153670Swollman# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 846153670Swollman# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 847153670Swollman# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 848153670Swollman 849273718Sedwin# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 850273718Sedwin# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 851273718Sedwin# Go with Byalokoz. 852153670Swollman 8532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 854273718SedwinZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 855273718Sedwin 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 856309583Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 857309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 858309583Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 859309583Sglebius 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 860309583Sglebius 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 861309583Sglebius 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 862309583Sglebius 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 863309583Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 864309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 8652742Swollman 86658787Sru# East Timor 86775267Swollman 868169811Swollman# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 869169811Swollman 870270728Spluknet# From Jo��o Carrascal��o, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 87175267Swollman# East Timor may be late for its millennium 872325324Sgordon# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 87375267Swollman# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 87475267Swollman# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 87575267Swollman# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 87675267Swollman# conflicts with their way of life. 87775267Swollman 87875267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 87975267Swollman# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 88075267Swollman# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 88175267Swollman 88275267Swollman# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 883270728Spluknet# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 884270728Spluknet# (2000-08-16): 88575267Swollman# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 88675267Swollman# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 88775267Swollman# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 88875267Swollman# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 88975267Swollman 89058787Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 891273718SedwinZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 892325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 893325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 894325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 895325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 89658787Sru 8972742Swollman# India 898309583Sglebius 899309583Sglebius# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 900325324Sgordon# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 901309583Sglebius# (2015-12-22): 902309583Sglebius# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 903309583Sglebius# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 904309583Sglebius# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 905309583Sglebius# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 906309583Sglebius 907325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 908325324Sgordon# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 909325324Sgordon# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 910325324Sgordon# measurements on G��ttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 911325324Sgordon# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 912325324Sgordon# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 913325324Sgordon# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 914325324Sgordon# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 915325324Sgordon# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 916325324Sgordon# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 917325324Sgordon# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 918325324Sgordon# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 919325324Sgordon# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 920325324Sgordon# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 921325324Sgordon# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 922325324Sgordon# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 923325324Sgordon# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 924325324Sgordon# 925325324Sgordon# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 926325324Sgordon# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 927325324Sgordon# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 928325324Sgordon# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 929325324Sgordon# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 930325324Sgordon# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 931325324Sgordon# 932325324Sgordon# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 933325324Sgordon# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 934325324Sgordon# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 935325324Sgordon# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 936325324Sgordon# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 937325324Sgordon# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 938325324Sgordon# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 939325324Sgordon# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 940325324Sgordon# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 941325324Sgordon# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 942325324Sgordon# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 943325324Sgordon# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 944325324Sgordon# 1941-1945 data. 945325324Sgordon 9462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 947325324SgordonZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 948325324Sgordon 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 949325324Sgordon 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 950325324Sgordon 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 951325324Sgordon 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 9522742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 953325324Sgordon 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 9542742Swollman 5:30 - IST 955325324Sgordon# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 9562742Swollman# Andaman Is 9572742Swollman# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 9582742Swollman# Nicobar Is 9592742Swollman 9602742Swollman# Indonesia 96186222Swollman# 962273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 963273718Sedwin# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 964273718Sedwin# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 965273718Sedwin# 966158421Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 967273718Sedwin# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 96886222Swollman# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 96986222Swollman# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 97086222Swollman# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 97186222Swollman# 972169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 973169811Swollman# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 974169811Swollman# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 975169811Swollman# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 976169811Swollman# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 977169811Swollman# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 978169811Swollman# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 979270728Spluknet# R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (��ditions 980169811Swollman# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 981309583Sglebius# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 982169811Swollman# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 983169811Swollman# switched on 1945-09-23. 984169811Swollman# 985257681Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 986257681Sedwin# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 987257681Sedwin# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 988257681Sedwin# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 989257681Sedwin# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 990257681Sedwin# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 991257681Sedwin# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 992309583Sglebius# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 993257681Sedwin# 994309583Sglebius# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 995309583Sglebius# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 996309583Sglebius# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 997257681Sedwin# 9982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 999257681Sedwin# Java, Sumatra 10002742SwollmanZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1001158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 100258787Sru# but this must be a typo. 1003257681Sedwin 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1004325324Sgordon 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1005325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1006325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1007325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1008325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1009325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1964 1010257681Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 1011257681Sedwin# west and central Borneo 101286222SwollmanZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 101386222Swollman 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1014325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1015325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1016325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1017325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1018325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1964 1019257681Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1020257681Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 1021257681Sedwin# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 102293799SwollmanZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 102319878Swollman 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1024325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1025325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1026257681Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1027257681Sedwin# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 10282742SwollmanZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1029325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1030325324Sgordon 9:30 - +0930 1964 1031257681Sedwin 9:00 - WIT 10322742Swollman 10332742Swollman# Iran 1034114173Swollman 1035114173Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1036114173Swollman# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1037114173Swollman# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 103821217Swollman# 1039114173Swollman# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1040114173Swollman# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 104121217Swollman# 1042114173Swollman# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1043114173Swollman# 1044114173Swollman# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1045114173Swollman# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1046114173Swollman# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1047114173Swollman# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1048114173Swollman# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1049114173Swollman# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1050114173Swollman# 1051114173Swollman# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1052114173Swollman# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1053114173Swollman# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1054114173Swollman# Shahrivar. 1055114173Swollman# 1056114173Swollman# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1057114173Swollman# 1058114173Swollman# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1059114173Swollman# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1060114173Swollman# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1061114173Swollman# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1062149514Swollman# 1063149514Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1064149514Swollman# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1065149514Swollman# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1066149514Swollman# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1067149514Swollman# plan to change that law.... 1068149514Swollman# 1069158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1070158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1071149514Swollman# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1072149514Swollman# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1073149514Swollman# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1074149514Swollman# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 107521217Swollman# 1076149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1077149514Swollman# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1078149514Swollman# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1079149514Swollman# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1080149514Swollman# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1081149514Swollman# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1082149514Swollman# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1083149514Swollman# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1084149514Swollman# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1085149514Swollman# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1086149514Swollman# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1087149514Swollman# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1088149514Swollman# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1089149514Swollman# 1090158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1091158421Swollman# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1092158421Swollman# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1093158421Swollman# 1094270728Spluknet# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper N��rgaard Welen: 1095172479Sedwin# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1096172479Sedwin# daylight saving time ... 1097325324Sgordon# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1098172479Sedwin# 1099174242Sedwin# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1100174242Sedwin# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1101286750Sedwin# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1102174242Sedwin# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1103174242Sedwin# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1104174242Sedwin# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1105174242Sedwin# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1106174242Sedwin# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1107174242Sedwin# 11082742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1109114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1110114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1111114173SwollmanRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1112114173SwollmanRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1113114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1114114173SwollmanRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1115114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1116114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1117114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1118114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1119114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1120114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1121114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1122114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1123114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1124114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1125114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1126158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1127158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1128172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1129172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1130172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1131172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1132172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1133172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1134172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1135172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1136172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1137172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1138172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1139172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1140172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1141172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1142172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1143172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1144172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1145172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1146172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1147172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1148172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1149172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1150172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1151172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1152172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1153172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1154172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1155172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1156309583Sglebius# 1157309583Sglebius# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1158309583Sglebius# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1159309583Sglebius# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1160309583Sglebius# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1161309583Sglebius# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1162309583SglebiusRule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1163309583SglebiusRule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1164309583Sglebius 11652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11662742SwollmanZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1167273718Sedwin 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1168325324Sgordon 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1169325324Sgordon 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1170325324Sgordon 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 11712742Swollman 117264499Swollman 11732742Swollman# Iraq 117464499Swollman# 1175149514Swollman# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 117664499Swollman# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 117775267Swollman# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 117864499Swollman# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 117964499Swollman# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 118064499Swollman# 118164499Swollman# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 118264499Swollman# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 118364499Swollman# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 118464499Swollman# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 118564499Swollman# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 118664499Swollman# 118764499Swollman# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 118864499Swollman 1189177591Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1190177591Sedwin# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1191177591Sedwin# news sources (in Arabic): 1192177591Sedwin# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1193177591Sedwin# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1194177591Sedwin# 1195177591Sedwin# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1196325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1197177591Sedwin 11982742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11992742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 12002742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 12012742SwollmanRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 12022742SwollmanRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 120320094SwollmanRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 120420094SwollmanRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1205270728Spluknet# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1206158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1207169811Swollman# 1208177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1209177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 12102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12112742SwollmanZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1212273718Sedwin 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1213325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1214325324Sgordon 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 12152742Swollman 12162742Swollman 12172742Swollman############################################################################### 12182742Swollman 12192742Swollman# Israel 12202742Swollman 122175267Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 122275267Swollman# 122375267Swollman# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 122475267Swollman# different abbreviations in use: 122575267Swollman# 122675267Swollman# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 122775267Swollman# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 122875267Swollman# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 122975267Swollman# 123075267Swollman# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 123175267Swollman# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 123275267Swollman# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 123375267Swollman# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 123475267Swollman# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 123575267Swollman# settings in Israeli computers. 123675267Swollman# 123775267Swollman# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 123875267Swollman# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 123975267Swollman# family is from India). 12402742Swollman 1241158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 12422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 12432742SwollmanRule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 12442742SwollmanRule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 12452742SwollmanRule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 12462742SwollmanRule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 12472742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 12482742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 12492742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 12502742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 12512742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 12522742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 12532742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 12542742SwollmanRule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 12552742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 12562742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 12572742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 12582742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 12592742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 12602742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 12612742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 12622742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 12632742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 12642742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 12652742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 12662742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 12672742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 12682742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 12692742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 12702742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 12712742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 12722742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 12732742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 12742742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 12752742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 12762742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 12772742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 12782742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 12792742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 12802742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 12812742Swollman 1282263041Sedwin# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1283263041Sedwin# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1284263041Sedwin# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1285263041Sedwin# ends and changes to Sunday. 1286263041SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1287263041SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1288263041Sedwin 1289149514Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg 1290149514Swollman# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1291149514Swollman# and 2005-02-17): 129230711Swollman 12932742Swollman# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 12942742Swollman# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 129543543Swollman# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 129643543Swollman# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 129743543Swollman# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 129843543Swollman# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 129943543Swollman# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 130043543Swollman# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 130143543Swollman# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 130264499Swollman# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 130364499Swollman# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 130443543Swollman# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 130564499Swollman# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 130664499Swollman# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 130764499Swollman# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 130864499Swollman# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 130964499Swollman# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 131064499Swollman# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 131164499Swollman# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 131264499Swollman# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 131364499Swollman# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 131464499Swollman# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 13152742Swollman 13162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13172742SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 131819878SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 13192742SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 132019878SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 13212742SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 132219878SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 13232742SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 132419878SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 13252742SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 132619878SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 13272742Swollman 132814343Swollman# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 132914343Swollman# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 133030711Swollman# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 13312742Swollman 133275267Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 133319878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 133419878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 133519878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 133619878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 13372742Swollman 133830711Swollman# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 133930711Swollman# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 134043014Swollman# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 134114343Swollman# 1342149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 134314343Swollman# 134443014Swollman# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 134530711Swollman# 134658787Sru# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 134743014Swollman# 1348149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 134943014Swollman# 135058787Sru# where YYYY is the relevant year. 13519908Swollman 135214343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 135330711SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 135419878SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 135530711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 135630711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 135730711SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 135843014SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 135943543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 136043543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 136114343Swollman 136264499Swollman# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 136364499Swollman# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 136464499Swollman# years 2001-2004 as well. 136558787Sru# 136664499Swollman# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 136758787Sru# 1368149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 136964499Swollman# 137064499Swollman# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 137164499Swollman# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 137264499Swollman# 1373149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 137443014Swollman 137558787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 137658787SruRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 137764499SwollmanRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 137864499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 137964499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 138064499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 138164499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 138264499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 138364499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 138464499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 138564499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 138658787Sru 1387149514Swollman# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1388149514Swollman# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1389149514Swollman# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1390149514Swollman# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1391149514Swollman# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1392149514Swollman# 1393149514Swollman# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1394149514Swollman# 1395149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 139630711Swollman 1397242208Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1398149514Swollman# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1399149514Swollman# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1400149514Swollman# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1401242208Sedwin# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1402149514Swollman# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1403242208Sedwin# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1404149514Swollman# 1405242208Sedwin# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1406149514Swollman# 1407149514Swollman# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1408149514Swollman# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1409149514Swollman# springtime transitions explicitly. 1410149514Swollman 1411149514Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1412149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1413149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1414149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1415149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1416149514SwollmanRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1417149514SwollmanRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1418149514SwollmanRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1419149514SwollmanRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1420149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1421149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1422242208SedwinRule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1423149514SwollmanRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1424149514Swollman 1425253009Sedwin# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1426253009Sedwin# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1427253009Sedwin# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1428253009Sedwin# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1429253009Sedwin# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1430242208Sedwin# 1431253009Sedwin# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1432253009Sedwin# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1433242208Sedwin 1434242208Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1435242208SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1436253009SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1437242208Sedwin 14382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1439253009SedwinZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1440273718Sedwin 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 14412742Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 14422742Swollman 14432742Swollman 1444105196Swollman 14452742Swollman############################################################################### 14462742Swollman 14472742Swollman# Japan 14482742Swollman 1449270728Spluknet# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 14502742Swollman 1451149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 14529908Swollman# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1453270728Spluknet# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1454270728Spluknet# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1455149590Swollman 1456273718Sedwin# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1457273718Sedwin# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1458149590Swollman# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1459149590Swollman# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1460149590Swollman# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1461149590Swollman# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1462149590Swollman# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1463149590Swollman# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1464149590Swollman# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1465149590Swollman# wanted to keep it.) 1466149590Swollman 1467158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1468158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 14699908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1470149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1471149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1472149590SwollmanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1473149590SwollmanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1474149590Swollman# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1475158421Swollman# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1476149590Swollman# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1477149590Swollman# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 14782742Swollman 147943543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 148043543Swollman# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1481273718Sedwin# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1482273718Sedwin# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 148343543Swollman# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 148443543Swollman# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 148543543Swollman# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 148643543Swollman# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 148743543Swollman 148843543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 148943543Swollman# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1490270728Spluknet# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 149143543Swollman# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 149243543Swollman# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1493270728Spluknet# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 149443543Swollman# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 149543543Swollman# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 149643543Swollman# standard.... 149743543Swollman# 149843543Swollman# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 149943543Swollman# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 150043543Swollman 1501270728Spluknet# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1502270728Spluknet# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1503270728Spluknet# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1504325324Sgordon# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 1505270728Spluknet# 1506270728Spluknet# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1507270728Spluknet# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1508270728Spluknet# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1509325324Sgordon# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 151043543Swollman 15112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151243543SwollmanZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1513149590Swollman 9:00 Japan J%sT 151443543Swollman# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 15152742Swollman 15162742Swollman# Jordan 151758787Sru# 1518270728Spluknet# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1519270728Spluknet# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 152058787Sru# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 152158787Sru# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 152258787Sru# all year round. 152358787Sru# 1524270728Spluknet# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1525270728Spluknet# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 152658787Sru# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 152758787Sru# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 152858787Sru# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 152958787Sru# government's departments from six to seven hours. 153058787Sru# 1531153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1532153670Swollman# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1533153670Swollman# 1534158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1535158421Swollman# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1536158421Swollman# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1537158421Swollman# 1538163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1539163302Sru# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1540163302Sru# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1541163302Sru# 1542190991Sedwin 1543190991Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1544190991Sedwin# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1545190991Sedwin# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1546190991Sedwin# 1547190991Sedwin# Google's translation: 1548190991Sedwin# 1549190991Sedwin# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1550190991Sedwin# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1551190991Sedwin# > of the month of March of each year. 1552190991Sedwin# 1553190991Sedwin# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1554190991Sedwin 1555190991Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1556190991Sedwin# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1557190991Sedwin 1558242208Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1559242208Sedwin# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1560242208Sedwin# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1561242208Sedwin# until about the same time next year (at least). 1562242208Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1563242208Sedwin 1564259626Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1565259626Sedwin# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1566259626Sedwin# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1567259626Sedwin# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1568259626Sedwin# Official, in Arabic: 1569259626Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1570259626Sedwin# ... Our background/permalink about it 1571325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1572259626Sedwin# ... 1573259626Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1574259626Sedwin# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1575259626Sedwin# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1576259626Sedwin 1577259626Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1578259626Sedwin# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1579259626Sedwin 15802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 158275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 158375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 158475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 158575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 158675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 158775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 158875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 158975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 159075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 159175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 159275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 159375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 159475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 159575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 159675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 159775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 159875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 159975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 160075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 160158787SruRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1602190991SedwinRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1603190991SedwinRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1604257681SedwinRule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1605153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1606153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1607163302SruRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1608259626SedwinRule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1609259626SedwinRule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1610259626SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1611259626SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 16122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16132742SwollmanZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1614259626Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 16152742Swollman 1616149514Swollman 16172742Swollman# Kazakhstan 1618149514Swollman 1619286750Sedwin# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1620270728Spluknet# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1621149514Swollman# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1622149514Swollman# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1623149514Swollman# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 162493799Swollman# 1625149514Swollman# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1626149514Swollman# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1627149514Swollman# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1628149514Swollman# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1629149514Swollman# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1630325324Sgordon# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqt��be, Atyra��, 1631325324Sgordon# Mangghysta��, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1632149514Swollman# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1633149514Swollman# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1634149514Swollman 1635325324Sgordon# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1636309583Sglebius# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1637309583Sglebius# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1638114173Swollman# 1639309583Sglebius# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1640309583Sglebius# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1641309583Sglebius# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1642309583Sglebius# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1643309583Sglebius# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1644309583Sglebius# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1645309583Sglebius# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1646309583Sglebius# 1647309583Sglebius# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1648309583Sglebius# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1649309583Sglebius# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1650309583Sglebius# text. 1651309583Sglebius# 1652309583Sglebius# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1653309583Sglebius# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1654309583Sglebius# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1655309583Sglebius# transition to "summer" time: 1656309583Sglebius# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1657309583Sglebius# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1658309583Sglebius# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1659309583Sglebius# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1660309583Sglebius# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1661309583Sglebius# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1662309583Sglebius# Other territories were to not move clocks. 1663309583Sglebius# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1664309583Sglebius# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1665309583Sglebius# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1666309583Sglebius# 1667309583Sglebius# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1668309583Sglebius# was one of such changes. 1669309583Sglebius# 1670309583Sglebius# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/������������������ ���������� 1671309583Sglebius# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1672309583Sglebius# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1673309583Sglebius# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1674309583Sglebius# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1675309583Sglebius# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1676309583Sglebius# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1677309583Sglebius# move clocks.) 1678309583Sglebius# 1679309583Sglebius# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1680309583Sglebius# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1681325324Sgordon# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1682309583Sglebius# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1683309583Sglebius# 1684309583Sglebius# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1685309583Sglebius# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1686309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1687309583Sglebius# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1688309583Sglebius# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1689309583Sglebius# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1690309583Sglebius# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1691309583Sglebius# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1692309583Sglebius# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1693309583Sglebius# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1694325324Sgordon# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1695325324Sgordon# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1696309583Sglebius# time belt). 1697309583Sglebius# 1698309583Sglebius# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1699325324Sgordon# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyra�� and Qostanay oblasts; from 1700325324Sgordon# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1701309583Sglebius# 1702309583Sglebius# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1703309583Sglebius# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1704309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1705325324Sgordon# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1706309583Sglebius# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1707309583Sglebius# and the fifth time belts respectively. 1708309583Sglebius# 1709309583Sglebius# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1710309583Sglebius# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1711309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1712325324Sgordon# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghysta�� 1713309583Sglebius# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1714309583Sglebius# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1715309583Sglebius# result).... 1716309583Sglebius# 1717309583Sglebius# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1718309583Sglebius# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1719309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1720309583Sglebius# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1721309583Sglebius# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1722309583Sglebius# 1723309583Sglebius# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1724309583Sglebius# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1725309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1726325324Sgordon# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyra�� oblast since the 1727309583Sglebius# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1728309583Sglebius# time belt. 1729309583Sglebius# 1730325324Sgordon# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1731309583Sglebius# 1732309583Sglebius# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1733309583Sglebius# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1734309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1735309583Sglebius# replaces the previous five documents. 1736309583Sglebius# 1737309583Sglebius# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1738309583Sglebius# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1739309583Sglebius# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1740325324Sgordon# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1741325324Sgordon# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1742309583Sglebius# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1743325324Sgordon# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1744309583Sglebius# 1745309583Sglebius# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1746309583Sglebius# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1747309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1748309583Sglebius# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1749309583Sglebius# 1750309583Sglebius# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1751309583Sglebius# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1752309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1753325324Sgordon# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1754309583Sglebius# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1755309583Sglebius# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1756309583Sglebius# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1757309583Sglebius# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1758309583Sglebius# amended before implementation happened. 1759309583Sglebius# 1760309583Sglebius# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1761309583Sglebius# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1762309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1763309583Sglebius# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1764309583Sglebius# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1765325324Sgordon# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyra��, West Kazakhstan, 1766325324Sgordon# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghysta�� oblasts by not moving clocks 1767325324Sgordon# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1768309583Sglebius# 1769325324Sgordon# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyra�� oblast (no 1770309583Sglebius# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1771325324Sgordon# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1772325324Sgordon# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1773309583Sglebius# 1774309583Sglebius# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1775309583Sglebius# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1776309583Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1777309583Sglebius# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1778309583Sglebius# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1779309583Sglebius# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1780309583Sglebius# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1781309583Sglebius# time. 1782309583Sglebius# 1783309583Sglebius# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1784309583Sglebius# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1785309583Sglebius# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1786309583Sglebius# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1787309583Sglebius 1788325324Sgordon# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1789325324Sgordon# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1790325324Sgordon# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1791325324Sgordon# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1792325324Sgordon# according to wikipedia.) 1793325324Sgordon# 1794325324Sgordon# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1795325324Sgordon# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1796325324Sgordon# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1797325324Sgordon# how that could happen.... 1798325324Sgordon# 1799325324Sgordon# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1800325324Sgordon# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1801325324Sgordon# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1802325324Sgordon# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1803309583Sglebius 1804325324Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1805325324Sgordon# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1806325324Sgordon 18072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180893799Swollman# 180993799Swollman# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1810309583Sglebius# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1811309583Sglebius# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 181243014SwollmanZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1813309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1814309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1815309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1816309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1817309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1818309583Sglebius# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1819325324Sgordon# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 1820325324Sgordon# see comments below. 182193799SwollmanZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1822309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1823309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1824309583Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1825309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1826309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1827309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1828309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1829309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1830309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1831309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1832325324Sgordon# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 1833325324Sgordon# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 1834325324Sgordon# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 1835325324Sgordon# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 1836325324Sgordon#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1837325324Sgordon# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1838325324Sgordon# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1839325324Sgordon# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1840325324Sgordon# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1841325324Sgordon# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1842325324Sgordon# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1843325324Sgordon# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1844325324Sgordon# 6:00 - +06 1845325324Sgordon# 1846325324Sgordon# Aqt��be (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 184720094SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1848309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1849309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1850309583Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1851309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1852309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1853309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1854309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1855309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1856325324Sgordon# Mangghysta�� (KZ-MAN) 185793799Swollman# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 185893799Swollman# so include time stamps before 1963. 185993799SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1860309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1861309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1862309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1863309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1864309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1865309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1866309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1867309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1868325324Sgordon# Atyra�� (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghysta�� except it switched from 1869325324Sgordon# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 1870325324SgordonZone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 1871325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1872325324Sgordon 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1873325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1874325324Sgordon 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1875325324Sgordon 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1876325324Sgordon 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 1877325324Sgordon 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1878325324Sgordon 5:00 - +05 1879309583Sglebius# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1880309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1881309583Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 188293799SwollmanZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1883325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1884309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1885309583Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1886309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1887309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1888309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1889309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1890309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1891309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 18922742Swollman 189367578Swollman# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1894158421Swollman# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1895149514Swollman 1896149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1897149514Swollman# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1898273718Sedwin# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1899149514Swollman# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1900149514Swollman# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1901153670Swollman# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1902153670Swollman# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1903153670Swollman# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1904149514Swollman 190520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1906153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1907153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1908153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1909153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 19109908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19119908SwollmanZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1912309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1913309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1914309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1915309583Sglebius 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1916309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 19179908Swollman 19182742Swollman############################################################################### 19192742Swollman 192043014Swollman# Korea (North and South) 19212742Swollman 1922273718Sedwin# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1923274559Sedwin# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1924274559Sedwin# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1925274559Sedwin# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1926274559Sedwin# between 1987 and 1988 ... 19272742Swollman 1928274559Sedwin# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1929325324Sgordon# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1930274559Sedwin# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1931325324Sgordon# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/������_��������� 1932274559Sedwin# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1933274559Sedwin# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1934274559Sedwin# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1935274559Sedwin# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1936274559Sedwin# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1937274559Sedwin# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1938274559Sedwin 19392742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1940274559SedwinRule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1941274559SedwinRule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1942274559SedwinRule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1943274559SedwinRule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1944274559SedwinRule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1945274559SedwinRule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1946274559SedwinRule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1947274559SedwinRule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1948274559SedwinRule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1949274559SedwinRule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1950274559SedwinRule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1951274559SedwinRule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1952274559SedwinRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1953274559SedwinRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 19542742Swollman 1955309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1956274559Sedwin# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1957274559Sedwin# 1958309583Sglebius# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1959274559Sedwin# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1960274559Sedwin# (Announcement No. 338) 1961274559Sedwin# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1962274559Sedwin# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1963274559Sedwin# 1964309583Sglebius# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1965309583Sglebius# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1966274559Sedwin# 1967274559Sedwin# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1968270728Spluknet# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1969270728Spluknet# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1970274559Sedwin# 1971309583Sglebius# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1972309583Sglebius# have no information otherwise. 1973270728Spluknet 1974286750Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1975286750Sedwin# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1976286750Sedwin# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1977286750Sedwin# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1978286750Sedwin# 1979290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1980290697Sedwin# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1981290697Sedwin# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1982290697Sedwin# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1983286750Sedwin# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1984290697Sedwin# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1985286750Sedwin 19862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1987274559SedwinZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1988274559Sedwin 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1989270728Spluknet 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 19902742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1991274559Sedwin 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 19922742Swollman 9:00 ROK K%sT 1993274559SedwinZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1994274559Sedwin 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1995270728Spluknet 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1996290697Sedwin 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1997286750Sedwin 8:30 - KST 19982742Swollman 19992742Swollman############################################################################### 20002742Swollman 20012742Swollman# Kuwait 2002279706Sedwin# See Asia/Riyadh. 20032742Swollman 20042742Swollman# Laos 2005273718Sedwin# See Asia/Bangkok. 20062742Swollman 2007273718Sedwin 20082742Swollman# Lebanon 20092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201019878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 20112742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 201219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 20132742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 201419878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 20152742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 201619878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 20172742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 201819878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 20192742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 202019878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 20212742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 202219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 202319878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 20242742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 202519878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 202620094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 202719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 202819878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 202920094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 203020094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 203120094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 203258787SruRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 203358787SruRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 20342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20352742SwollmanZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 203619878Swollman 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 20372742Swollman 20382742Swollman# Malaysia 203919878Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 204086222SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 204119878SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 204286222Swollman# 2043136638Swollman# peninsular Malaysia 2044273718Sedwin# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2045273718Sedwin# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 20462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2047136638SwollmanZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2048136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2049325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2050325324Sgordon 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2051325324Sgordon 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2052325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2053325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2054325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2055325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 205686222Swollman# Sabah & Sarawak 2057273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2058273718Sedwin# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2059273718Sedwin# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2060136638Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 206119878SwollmanZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2062325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1933 2063325324Sgordon 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2064325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2065325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 20662742Swollman 20672742Swollman# Maldives 20682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2069273718SedwinZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 2070273718Sedwin 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 2071325324Sgordon 5:00 - +05 20722742Swollman 20732742Swollman# Mongolia 207458787Sru 2075158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2076270728Spluknet# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2077270728Spluknet# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 207858787Sru 207958787Sru# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 208058787Sru# General Information Mongolia 2081270728Spluknet# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 208258787Sru# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2083270728Spluknet# Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 208458787Sru# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 208558787Sru# eight hours." 208658787Sru 208758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 208858787Sru# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 208958787Sru# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 209058787Sru# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 209158787Sru# of implementation may have been different.... 209258787Sru# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 209358787Sru# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2094270728Spluknet# S��khbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 209558787Sru 209658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 209758787Sru# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 209858787Sru# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 209958787Sru# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 210058787Sru# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 210158787Sru# is good enough for our purposes. 210258787Sru 210386222Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 210486222Swollman# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 210586222Swollman# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 210686222Swollman# there are three time zones. 210786222Swollman# 2108270728Spluknet# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2109270728Spluknet# Provinces [at 8:00]: Kh��vsg��l, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, T��v, 2110270728Spluknet# Bayankhongor, ��v��rkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, ��mn��govi 2111270728Spluknet# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, S��khbaatar 211286222Swollman# 211386222Swollman# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 211486222Swollman 2115149514Swollman# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2116136638Swollman# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2117136638Swollman# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2118136638Swollman# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2119136638Swollman# 2120136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2121136638Swollman# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2122136638Swollman# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2123136638Swollman 2124149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2125149514Swollman# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2126149514Swollman# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2127149514Swollman# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2128270728Spluknet# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyk��nen (2005-05-16) reports that 2129309583Sglebius# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2130149514Swollman# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2131149514Swollman# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2132149514Swollman# He also found 2133273718Sedwin# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2134149514Swollman# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2135149514Swollman# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2136149514Swollman# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2137270728Spluknet# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but S��khbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2138149514Swollman# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2139149514Swollman# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2140149514Swollman# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2141149514Swollman 2142169811Swollman# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2143169811Swollman# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2144169811Swollman# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2145169811Swollman# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2146169811Swollman 2147181418Sedwin# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2148181418Sedwin# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2149181418Sedwin# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2150181418Sedwin# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2151181418Sedwin# database on this, e.g.: 2152181418Sedwin# 2153325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2154181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2155181418Sedwin# 2156181418Sedwin# both say GMT+08:00. 2157181418Sedwin 2158181418Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2159181418Sedwin# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2160181418Sedwin# schedule here: 2161181418Sedwin# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2162181418Sedwin# (click the English flag for English) 2163181418Sedwin# 2164270728Spluknet# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2165181418Sedwin# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2166270728Spluknet# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2167270728Spluknet# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2168181418Sedwin# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2169270728Spluknet# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2170181418Sedwin 2171181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2172181418Sedwin# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2173181418Sedwin# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2174181418Sedwin# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2175181418Sedwin# this is almost surely wrong. 2176181418Sedwin 2177280413Sedwin# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2178280413Sedwin# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2179280413Sedwin# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2180280413Sedwin# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2181280413Sedwin# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2182280413Sedwin# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2183280413Sedwin 21842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 218586222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 218686222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2187158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2188158421Swollman# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2189158421Swollman# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2190158421Swollman# 2191158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2192270728Spluknet# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and S��khbaatar) took place 2193158421Swollman# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2194158421Swollman# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2195158421Swollman# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2196158421Swollman# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2197158421Swollman 2198325324Sgordon# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2199325324Sgordon# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2200325324Sgordon# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2201325324Sgordon 2202158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2203158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 220458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2205136638SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2206169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2207169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2208325324SgordonRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2209325324SgordonRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 221058787Sru 22112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 221286222Swollman# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 221358787SruZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2214325324Sgordon 6:00 - +06 1978 2215325324Sgordon 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 221686222Swollman# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 221758787SruZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2218325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1978 2219325324Sgordon 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2220273718Sedwin# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan T��men, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 222186222Swollman# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 222286222SwollmanZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2223325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1978 2224325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2225325324Sgordon 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2226325324Sgordon 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 22272742Swollman 22282742Swollman# Nepal 22292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2230187588SedwinZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2231325324Sgordon 5:30 - +0530 1986 2232325324Sgordon 5:45 - +0545 22332742Swollman 22342742Swollman# Oman 2235279706Sedwin# See Asia/Dubai. 2236248307Sedwin 22372742Swollman# Pakistan 223893799Swollman 223993799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 224093799Swollman# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 224193799Swollman# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 224293799Swollman# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 224393799Swollman# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 224493799Swollman# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 224593799Swollman 224693799Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2247270728Spluknet# Jesper N��rgaard found this URL: 224893799Swollman# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 224993799Swollman# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 225093799Swollman# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 225193799Swollman# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 225293799Swollman# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 225393799Swollman# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 225493799Swollman# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 225593799Swollman# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 225693799Swollman# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 225793799Swollman 2258114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2259114173Swollman# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2260114173Swollman# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2261114173Swollman 2262114173Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2263114173Swollman# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2264114173Swollman# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2265114173Swollman# 2266114173Swollman# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2267114173Swollman# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2268114173Swollman# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2269114173Swollman# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2270114173Swollman# 2271114173Swollman# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2272114173Swollman# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2273114173Swollman 2274181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2275240457Sedwin# 2276240457Sedwin# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2277181418Sedwin# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2278240457Sedwin# 2279273718Sedwin# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2280273718Sedwin# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2281273718Sedwin# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2282240457Sedwin# 2283325324Sgordon# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2284181418Sedwin# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2285114173Swollman 2286181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2287181418Sedwin# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2288181418Sedwin 2289183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2290183066Sedwin# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2291270728Spluknet# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2292183066Sedwin# instead of August 31. 2293183066Sedwin# 2294183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2295183066Sedwin# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2296183066Sedwin 2297191052Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2298191052Sedwin# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2299191052Sedwin# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2300191052Sedwin# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2301191052Sedwin# official working." 2302191052Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2303191052Sedwin# 2304191052Sedwin# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2305191052Sedwin# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2306191052Sedwin# 2307191052Sedwin# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2308191052Sedwin# April 08, 2009 2309191052Sedwin# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2310191052Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2311191052Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2312191052Sedwin# 2313191052Sedwin# .... 2314191052Sedwin# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2315191052Sedwin# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2316191052Sedwin# conserve energy" 2317191052Sedwin 2318197597Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2319197597Sedwin# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2320197597Sedwin# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2321197597Sedwin# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2322197597Sedwin# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2323240457Sedwin# this regard." 2324197597Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2325191052Sedwin 2326198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2327198270Sedwin# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2328273718Sedwin# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2329273718Sedwin# October 1, 2009. 2330198270Sedwin# 2331198270Sedwin# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2332198270Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2333198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2334273718Sedwin# 2335198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2336198270Sedwin# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2337198270Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2338198270Sedwin# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2339198270Sedwin# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2340198270Sedwin# Monday." 2341198270Sedwin# 2342198270Sedwin# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2343198270Sedwin# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2344198270Sedwin# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2345198270Sedwin# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2346198270Sedwin# 2347198270Sedwin# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2348198270Sedwin# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2349325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2350198270Sedwin 2351270728Spluknet# From Christoph G��hre (2009-10-01): 2352198270Sedwin# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2353198270Sedwin# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2354198270Sedwin 2355206868Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2356206868Sedwin# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2357206868Sedwin# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2358206868Sedwin# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2359206868Sedwin# > 2360206868Sedwin# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2361206868Sedwin# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2362206868Sedwin# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2363206868Sedwin# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2364206868Sedwin# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2365206868Sedwin# 2366206868Sedwin# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2367206868Sedwin# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2368206868Sedwin# 2369206868Sedwin# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2370206868Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2371206868Sedwin 237293799Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2373309583SglebiusRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2374309583SglebiusRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2375181418SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2376273718SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2377206868SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2378206868Sedwin 23792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23802742SwollmanZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2381325324Sgordon 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2382325324Sgordon 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2383325324Sgordon 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2384325324Sgordon 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 238593799Swollman 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 23862742Swollman 23872742Swollman# Palestine 238843014Swollman 2389149514Swollman# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 239043014Swollman# 239143014Swollman# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 239243014Swollman# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 239343014Swollman# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 239443014Swollman# 239543014Swollman# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 239643014Swollman# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 239743014Swollman# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 239843014Swollman# though. 239943014Swollman# 240043014Swollman# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 240143014Swollman# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 240243014Swollman# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 240343014Swollman# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 240443014Swollman# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 240543014Swollman# East Jerusalem. 240643014Swollman# 240743014Swollman# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 240843014Swollman# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 240943014Swollman# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 241043014Swollman# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 241143014Swollman# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 241243014Swollman# 241343014Swollman# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 241443014Swollman# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 241543014Swollman# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 241643014Swollman# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 241743014Swollman# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 241843014Swollman# Jordanian one). 241943014Swollman# 242043014Swollman# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 242143014Swollman# 242243014Swollman# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 242343014Swollman# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 242443014Swollman# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 242543014Swollman# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 242643014Swollman# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 242743014Swollman# 242843014Swollman# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 242943014Swollman# have one). 243043014Swollman 2431158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2432158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 243343014Swollman# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 243443014Swollman# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 243543014Swollman# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 243643014Swollman# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 243743014Swollman# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 243843014Swollman# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 243943014Swollman# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2440243003Sedwin# to Palestine's rules. 244143014Swollman 244243014Swollman# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 244343014Swollman# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 244443014Swollman# 244543014Swollman# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 244643014Swollman# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 244743014Swollman# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 244843014Swollman# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 244943014Swollman 245058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2451270728Spluknet# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2452273718Sedwin# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2453270728Spluknet# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 245458787Sru# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 245558787Sru# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 245658787Sru# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 245758787Sru# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 245858787Sru 2459153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2460153670Swollman# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2461153670Swollman 2462158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2463158421Swollman# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2464158421Swollman# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2465158421Swollman# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2466270728Spluknet# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2467158421Swollman 2468163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2469163302Sru# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2470163302Sru# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2471163302Sru# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2472163302Sru# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2473163302Sru# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2474163302Sru# the West Bank. 2475163302Sru 2476163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2477163302Sru# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2478163302Sru# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2479163302Sru# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2480163302Sru# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2481163302Sru# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2482163302Sru# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2483163302Sru# because of the Ramadan. 2484163302Sru 2485270728Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2486172479Sedwin# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2487172479Sedwin# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2488172479Sedwin 2489172479Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2490172479Sedwin# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2491172479Sedwin# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2492172479Sedwin# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2493172479Sedwin# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2494172479Sedwin# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2495172479Sedwin 2496183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2497183066Sedwin# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2498183066Sedwin# 2499183066Sedwin# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2500183066Sedwin# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2501183066Sedwin# 2502183066Sedwin# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2503183066Sedwin# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2504183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2505183066Sedwin 2506190991Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2507190991Sedwin# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2508190991Sedwin# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2509190991Sedwin# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2510190991Sedwin# 2511190991Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2512190991Sedwin# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2513190991Sedwin# 2514190991Sedwin# (English translation) 2515190991Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2516190991Sedwin 2517197000Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2518197000Sedwin# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2519197000Sedwin# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2520197000Sedwin# 2521197000Sedwin# One news source: 2522197000Sedwin# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2523197000Sedwin# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2524197000Sedwin# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2525197000Sedwin# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2526197000Sedwin# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2527197000Sedwin# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2528197000Sedwin# 2529197000Sedwin# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2530197000Sedwin# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2531325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2532197000Sedwin 2533197000Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2534197000Sedwin# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2535197000Sedwin# 2536197000Sedwin# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2537197000Sedwin# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2538197000Sedwin# 2539197000Sedwin# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2540197000Sedwin# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2541197000Sedwin# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2542197000Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2543197000Sedwin 2544206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2545206219Sedwin# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2546206219Sedwin# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2547206219Sedwin# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2548206219Sedwin# 2549206219Sedwin# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2550206219Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2551206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2552206219Sedwin 2553206219Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2554206219Sedwin# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2555206219Sedwin# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2556206219Sedwin# noon though: 2557206219Sedwin# 2558206219Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2559206219Sedwin# (Ma'an News Agency) 2560206219Sedwin# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2561206219Sedwin# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2562206219Sedwin 2563211422Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2564211422Sedwin# According to several sources, including 2565211422Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2566240457Sedwin# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2567211422Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank. 2568211422Sedwin# Some more background info: 2569325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2570211422Sedwin 2571226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2572226289Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2573226289Sedwin# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2574226289Sedwin# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2575226289Sedwin# Ramadan. 2576226289Sedwin# 2577226289Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2578226289Sedwin# Additional info: 2579325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2580226289Sedwin 2581226289Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2582226289Sedwin# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2583226289Sedwin# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2584226289Sedwin# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2585226289Sedwin# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2586226289Sedwin# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2587226289Sedwin# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2588226289Sedwin# ... 2589325324Sgordon# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2590226289Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2591270728Spluknet# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2592226289Sedwin 2593226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2594240457Sedwin# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2595226289Sedwin# 00:00). 2596226289Sedwin# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2597226289Sedwin# 2598226289Sedwin# Many sources, including: 2599226289Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2600226289Sedwin 2601240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2602240457Sedwin# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2603240457Sedwin# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2604240457Sedwin# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2605240457Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2606240457Sedwin# 2607240457Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2608240457Sedwin# 2609240457Sedwin# Our brief summary: 2610325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2611240457Sedwin 2612249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2613249692Sedwin# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2614249692Sedwin# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2615249692Sedwin# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2616249692Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2617249692Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2618240457Sedwin 2619257681Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2620257681Sedwin# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2621257681Sedwin# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2622257681Sedwin# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2623257681Sedwin# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2624257681Sedwin# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2625257681Sedwin# official source...: 2626257681Sedwin# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2627257681Sedwin 2628280413Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2629280413Sedwin# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2630325324Sgordon# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2631280413Sedwin# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2632280413Sedwin# 2633280413Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2634325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2635280413Sedwin# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2636309583Sglebius 2637309583Sglebius# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2638309583Sglebius# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2639309583Sglebius# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2640309583Sglebius# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2641309583Sglebius# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2642309583Sglebius# 2643309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): 2644309583Sglebius# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2645309583Sglebius 2646309583Sglebius# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2647309583Sglebius# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2648309583Sglebius# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2649309583Sglebius# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2650309583Sglebius# 2651309583Sglebius# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2652309583Sglebius# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2653309583Sglebius# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2654309583Sglebius# predictions. 2655309583Sglebius# 2656309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2657309583Sglebius# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2658325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2659325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2660249692Sedwin 26612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 266219878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 266317200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 266419878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 266520094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 266617200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 266720094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 266858787Sru 2669163302SruRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2670153670SwollmanRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2671153670SwollmanRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2672163302SruRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2673249692SedwinRule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2674163302SruRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2675183066SedwinRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2676249692SedwinRule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2677249692SedwinRule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2678249692SedwinRule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2679249692SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2680211422SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2681249692SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2682249692SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2683249692SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2684249692SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2685280413SedwinRule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2686257681SedwinRule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2687280413SedwinRule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2688309583SglebiusRule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2689309583SglebiusRule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2690309583SglebiusRule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S 2691309583SglebiusRule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 269258787Sru 26932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26942742SwollmanZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2695325324Sgordon 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 269643014Swollman 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 269743014Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 269858787Sru 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2699273718Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2700249692Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2701249692Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2702273718Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2703249692Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2704249692Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2012 2705249692Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 27062742Swollman 2707226289SedwinZone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2708325324Sgordon 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2709226289Sedwin 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2710226289Sedwin 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2711226289Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2712249692Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2713226289Sedwin 271414343Swollman# Paracel Is 271514343Swollman# no information 271614343Swollman 27172742Swollman# Philippines 2718270728Spluknet# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claver��a, governor-general of the 271975267Swollman# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2720270728Spluknet# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2721270728Spluknet# History of the International Date Line 2722325324Sgordon# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2723273718Sedwin# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2724158421Swollman 2725270728Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2726158421Swollman# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2727158421Swollman# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2728158421Swollman# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2729158421Swollman# but no details] 2730158421Swollman 2731273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2732273718Sedwin# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2733273718Sedwin# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2734273718Sedwin# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2735273718Sedwin# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2736273718Sedwin# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2737273718Sedwin# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2738273718Sedwin 27392742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 274019878SwollmanRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 274119878SwollmanRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 274219878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 274319878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 274419878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 274519878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 27462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 274775267SwollmanZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 27482742Swollman 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2749325324Sgordon 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May 2750325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov 2751325324Sgordon 8:00 Phil +08/+09 27522742Swollman 27532742Swollman# Qatar 27542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2755273718SedwinZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2756325324Sgordon 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2757325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 2758279706SedwinLink Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 27592742Swollman 27602742Swollman# Saudi Arabia 2761270728Spluknet# 2762270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2763270728Spluknet# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2764270728Spluknet# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2765270728Spluknet# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2766270728Spluknet# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2767270728Spluknet# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2768270728Spluknet# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2769270728Spluknet# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2770270728Spluknet# 2771270728Spluknet# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2772270728Spluknet# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2773270728Spluknet# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2774270728Spluknet# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2775270728Spluknet# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2776270728Spluknet# earlier date. 2777270728Spluknet# 2778270728Spluknet# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2779309583Sglebius# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2780270728Spluknet# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2781270728Spluknet# 27822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2783270728SpluknetZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2784325324Sgordon 3:00 - +03 2785279706SedwinLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2786279706SedwinLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 27872742Swollman 27882742Swollman# Singapore 2789273718Sedwin# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2790273718Sedwin# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 27912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2792136638SwollmanZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2793136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2794325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2795325324Sgordon 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2796325324Sgordon 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2797325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2798325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2799325324Sgordon 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2800325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 28012742Swollman 280214343Swollman# Spratly Is 280314343Swollman# no information 280414343Swollman 28052742Swollman# Sri Lanka 2806248307Sedwin 2807248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2808248307Sedwin# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2809248307Sedwin# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2810248307Sedwin# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2811248307Sedwin# Shanks and Pottenger. 2812248307Sedwin 281319878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 281458787Sru# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2815270728Spluknet# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 281658787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2817270728Spluknet# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2818270728Spluknet# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 281930711Swollman# 282030711Swollman# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2821270728Spluknet# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2822270728Spluknet# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 282330711Swollman# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 282430711Swollman# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 282519878Swollman 2826270728Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2827158421Swollman# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2828158421Swollman# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2829158421Swollman# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2830158421Swollman 2831158421Swollman# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2832273718Sedwin# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2833158421Swollman# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2834158421Swollman# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2835158421Swollman# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2836158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2837177591Sedwin# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2838158421Swollman# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2839158421Swollman 2840309583Sglebius# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2841309583Sglebius# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2842309583Sglebius# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2843309583Sglebius# standard time is SLST. 2844158421Swollman# 2845309583Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2846309583Sglebius# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2847309583Sglebius# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2848309583Sglebius# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2849309583Sglebius# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2850309583Sglebius# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2851309583Sglebius# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2852309583Sglebius# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2853309583Sglebius# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2854158421Swollman 28552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28562742SwollmanZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2857273718Sedwin 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2858309583Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2859325324Sgordon 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 2860325324Sgordon 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2861309583Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2862309583Sglebius 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2863309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2864309583Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 28652742Swollman 28662742Swollman# Syria 28672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 286819878SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 28692742SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 287019878SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 28712742SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 287219878SwollmanRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 28732742SwollmanRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 28742742SwollmanRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 28752742SwollmanRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 287619878SwollmanRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 28772742SwollmanRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 287819878SwollmanRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 28792742SwollmanRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 288019878SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 28812742SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 288219878SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 28832742SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 288419878SwollmanRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 28852742SwollmanRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 288619878SwollmanRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 288719878SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 28882742SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 288920094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 289020094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 289120094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 289220094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 289320094SwollmanRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 289420094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 289520094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 289658787Sru# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 289758787Sru# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 289858787Sru# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2899163302Sru# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2900163302Sru# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2901163302Sru# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 290258787SruRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2903163302SruRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 290458787SruRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2905169811SwollmanRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2906163302Sru# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2907163302Sru# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2908163302Sru# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2909163302SruRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2910169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2911169811Swollman# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2912169811Swollman# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2913177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2914270728Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard (2007-10-27): 2915173319Sedwin# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2916253009Sedwin# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2917253009Sedwin# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2918173319Sedwin# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2919173319Sedwin# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2920173319Sedwin# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2921240457Sedwin# 2922173319Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2923270728Spluknet# Jesper N��rgaard Welen wrote: 2924240457Sedwin# 2925173319Sedwin# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2926173319Sedwin# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2927240457Sedwin# 2928173319Sedwin# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2929173319Sedwin# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2930240457Sedwin# 2931173319Sedwin# which using Google's translate tools says: 2932240457Sedwin# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2933240457Sedwin# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2934173319Sedwin# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2935177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2936177591Sedwin 2937177591Sedwin# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2938177591Sedwin# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2939273718Sedwin# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2940177591Sedwin# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2941177591Sedwin# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2942177591Sedwin# Variation 2943177591Sedwin# Syrian Arab 2944177591Sedwin# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2945177591Sedwin# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2946177591Sedwin# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2947177591Sedwin 2948177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2949177591Sedwin# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2950177591Sedwin# Agency (SANA)... 2951177591Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2952270728Spluknet# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2953177591Sedwin# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2954177591Sedwin# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2955177591Sedwin# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2956177591Sedwin# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2957177591Sedwin 2958177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2959270728Spluknet# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2960177591Sedwin# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2961177591Sedwin# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2962177591Sedwin# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2963177591Sedwin 2964183864Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2965183864Sedwin# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2966183864Sedwin# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2967183864Sedwin# 2968183864Sedwin# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2969183864Sedwin# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2970183864Sedwin# clocks back 60 minutes). 2971183864Sedwin# 2972183864Sedwin# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2973183864Sedwin 2974190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2975190372Sedwin# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2976190372Sedwin# two examples: 2977190372Sedwin# 2978190372Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2979190372Sedwin# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2980190372Sedwin# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2981190372Sedwin# (Arabic, gov-site) 2982190372Sedwin# 2983190372Sedwin# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2984190372Sedwin# 2985190372Sedwin# Our summary 2986325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2987190372Sedwin 2988198825Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2989240457Sedwin# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2990240457Sedwin# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2991198825Sedwin# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2992198825Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2993198825Sedwin 2994198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2995198825Sedwin# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2996198825Sedwin# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2997198825Sedwin# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2998198825Sedwin 2999205475Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3000205475Sedwin# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3001205475Sedwin# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3002205475Sedwin# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3003205475Sedwin# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3004205475Sedwin 3005240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3006240457Sedwin# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3007240457Sedwin# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3008240457Sedwin# 3009240457Sedwin# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3010240457Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3011240457Sedwin# 3012240457Sedwin# Our brief summary: 3013325324Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3014240457Sedwin 3015240457Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3016240457Sedwin# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3017240457Sedwin 3018190372SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3019198825SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3020205475SedwinRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3021240457SedwinRule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3022240457SedwinRule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3023198825SedwinRule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3024177591Sedwin 30252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3026273718SedwinZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 302719878Swollman 2:00 Syria EE%sT 30282742Swollman 30292742Swollman# Tajikistan 3030158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 30312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 30322742SwollmanZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3033309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3034309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3035309583Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3036309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 30372742Swollman 30382742Swollman# Thailand 30392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 30402742SwollmanZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 304119878Swollman 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3042325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 3043273718SedwinLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3044273718SedwinLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 30452742Swollman 30462742Swollman# Turkmenistan 3047158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 30482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 304967578SwollmanZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3050309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3051309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3052309583Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3053309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 30542742Swollman 30552742Swollman# United Arab Emirates 30562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 30572742SwollmanZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3058325324Sgordon 4:00 - +04 3059279706SedwinLink Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 30602742Swollman 30612742Swollman# Uzbekistan 3062273718Sedwin# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 30632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3064273718SedwinZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3065309583Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3066309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3067309583Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3068309583Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3069309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3070309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 3071270728Spluknet# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3072270728SpluknetZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3073309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3074309583Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3075309583Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3076309583Sglebius 5:00 - +05 30772742Swollman 30782742Swollman# Vietnam 3079158421Swollman 3080273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3081248307Sedwin# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3082248307Sedwin# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3083248307Sedwin# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3084273718Sedwin# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3085248307Sedwin 3086177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3087270728Spluknet# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3088270728Spluknet# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3089158421Swollman 3090273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Tr���n Ng���c Qu��n: 3091273718Sedwin# Tr���n Ti���n B��nh's authoritative book "L���ch Vi���t Nam: th��� k��� XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3092273718Sedwin# (Nh�� xu���t b���n V��n Ho�� - Th��ng Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3093273718Sedwin# is quoted verbatim in: 3094273718Sedwin# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3095273718Sedwin# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3096325324Sgordon# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3097273718Sedwin# and is the basis for the information below. 3098273718Sedwin# 3099273718Sedwin# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3100273718Sedwin# Ph�� Li���n Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 3101273718Sedwin# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3102273718Sedwin# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3103273718Sedwin# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3104273718Sedwin# which is used below even though the modern-day Ph�� Li���n Observatory 3105273718Sedwin# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Ph�� Li���n Mean Time as PLMT. 3106273718Sedwin# 3107273718Sedwin# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3108273718Sedwin# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3109273718Sedwin# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3110273718Sedwin# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3111273718Sedwin# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3112273718Sedwin# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3113273718Sedwin# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3114273718Sedwin# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3115273718Sedwin# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3116273718Sedwin# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3117273718Sedwin# 3118273718Sedwin# Tr���n cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3119273718Sedwin# 3120273718Sedwin# Ho��ng Xu��n H��n: "L���ch v�� l���ch Vi���t Nam". T���p san Khoa h���c X�� h���i, 3121273718Sedwin# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3122273718Sedwin# 3123273718Sedwin# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch v�� ni��n bi���u l���ch s��� hai m����i th��� k��� (0001-2010)", 3124273718Sedwin# NXB Th���ng k��, Hanoi, 2000. 3125273718Sedwin# 3126273718Sedwin# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch hai th��� k��� (1802-2010) v�� c��c l���ch v��nh c���u", 3127273718Sedwin# NXB Thu���n Ho��, Hu���, 1995. 3128273718Sedwin 31292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3130273718SedwinZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3131325324Sgordon 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Ph�� Li���n MT 3132325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3133325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3134325324Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3135325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3136325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3137325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3138325324Sgordon 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3139325324Sgordon 7:00 - +07 31402742Swollman 31412742Swollman# Yemen 3142279706Sedwin# See Asia/Riyadh. 3143