africa revision 17200
1232809Sjmallett# @(#)africa 7.13 2232809Sjmallett 3232809Sjmallett# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4232809Sjmallett# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5232809Sjmallett# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6232809Sjmallett 7232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 8232809Sjmallett# 9232809Sjmallett# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 10232809Sjmallett# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), 11232809Sjmallett# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). 12232809Sjmallett# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. 13232809Sjmallett# 14232809Sjmallett# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 15232809Sjmallett# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 16232809Sjmallett# I found in the UCLA library. 17232809Sjmallett# 18232809Sjmallett# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 19232809Sjmallett# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 20232809Sjmallett# Oxford University Press (1980). 21232809Sjmallett# 22232809Sjmallett# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy. 23232809Sjmallett# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where 24232809Sjmallett# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and 25232809Sjmallett# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region. 26232809Sjmallett# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'. 27232809Sjmallett# 28232809Sjmallett# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names, 29232809Sjmallett# in decreasing order of importance: 30232809Sjmallett# 31232809Sjmallett# Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.', 32232809Sjmallett# `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'. 33232809Sjmallett# E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. 34232809Sjmallett# Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country. 35232809Sjmallett# One such location is enough. 36232809Sjmallett# If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970, 37232809Sjmallett# don't bother to include more than one location 38232809Sjmallett# even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970. 39232809Sjmallett# Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large. 40232809Sjmallett# If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative; 41232809Sjmallett# e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so 42232809Sjmallett# prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'. 43232809Sjmallett# Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries 44232809Sjmallett# or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split 45232809Sjmallett# locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris' 46232809Sjmallett# to `France', since France has had multiple time zones. 47232809Sjmallett# Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and 48232809Sjmallett# prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). 49232809Sjmallett# The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. 50232809Sjmallett# Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, 51232809Sjmallett# e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with 52232809Sjmallett# similar populations, pick the best-known location, 53232809Sjmallett# e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'. 54232809Sjmallett# Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'. 55232809Sjmallett# Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that 56232809Sjmallett# would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to 57232809Sjmallett# `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City', 58232809Sjmallett# but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country 59232809Sjmallett# of Mexico has several time zones. 60232809Sjmallett# Use `_' to represent a space. 61232809Sjmallett# Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena' 62232809Sjmallett# to `St._Helena'. 63232809Sjmallett# 64232809Sjmallett# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations, 65232809Sjmallett# and assume that applications translate them to other languages 66232809Sjmallett# as part of the normal localization process. 67232809Sjmallett# 68232809Sjmallett# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 69232809Sjmallett# LMT Local Mean Time 70232809Sjmallett# -2:00 CVT Cape Verde Time (no longer used) 71232809Sjmallett# -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time 72232809Sjmallett# 0:00 WAT West Africa Time 73232809Sjmallett# 1:00 CAT Central Africa Time 74232809Sjmallett# 2:00 SAT South Africa Time 75232809Sjmallett# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 76232809Sjmallett# 4:00 SMT Seychelles and Mascarene Time 77232809Sjmallett# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'. 78232809Sjmallett# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after. 79232809Sjmallett 80232809Sjmallett 81232809Sjmallett# Algeria 82232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 84232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 - 85232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 86232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 87232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 88232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 89232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 90232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 91232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 92232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 93232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 94232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 " DST" 95232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 96232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 97232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 98232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 99232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" 100232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 101232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 " DST" 102232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 103232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 " DST" 104232809SjmallettRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 105232809Sjmallett# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 106232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 107232809SjmallettZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 108232809Sjmallett 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 109232809Sjmallett 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 110232809Sjmallett 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1946 Oct 7 111232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 112232809Sjmallett 1:00 - MET 1963 Apr 14 113232809Sjmallett 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1977 Oct 21 114232809Sjmallett 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1979 Oct 26 115232809Sjmallett 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1981 May 116232809Sjmallett 1:00 - MET 117232809Sjmallett 118232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Algiers Algeria All points 119232809Sjmallett 120232809Sjmallett# Angola 121232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122232809SjmallettZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 123232809Sjmallett 0:52 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time 124232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 125232809Sjmallett 126232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Luanda Angola All points 127232809Sjmallett 128232809Sjmallett# Bassas da India 129232809Sjmallett# uninhabited 130232809Sjmallett 131232809Sjmallett# Benin 132232809Sjmallett# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks. 133232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 134232809SjmallettZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 135232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 136232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 137232809Sjmallett 138232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Porto-Novo Benin All points 139232809Sjmallett 140232809Sjmallett# Botswana 141232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142232809SjmallettZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 143232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 144232809Sjmallett 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 145232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 146232809Sjmallett 147232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Gaborone Botswana All points 148232809Sjmallett 149232809Sjmallett# Burkina Faso 150232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151232809SjmallettZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 152232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 153232809Sjmallett 154232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ouagadougou Burkina_Faso All points 155232809Sjmallett 156232809Sjmallett# Burundi 157232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158232809SjmallettZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 159232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 160232809Sjmallett 161232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bujumbura Burundi All points 162232809Sjmallett 163232809Sjmallett# Cameroon 164232809Sjmallett# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks. 165232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166232809SjmallettZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 167232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 168232809Sjmallett 169232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Douala Cameroon All points 170232809Sjmallett 171232809Sjmallett# Cape Verde 172232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173232809SjmallettZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 174232809Sjmallett -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 175232809Sjmallett -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 176232809Sjmallett -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 177232809Sjmallett -1:00 - AAT 178232809Sjmallett 179232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cape_Verde Cape_Verde All points 180232809Sjmallett 181232809Sjmallett# Central African Republic 182232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183232809SjmallettZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 184232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 185232809Sjmallett 186232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bangui Central_African_Republic All points 187232809Sjmallett 188232809Sjmallett# Chad 189232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 190232809SjmallettZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 191232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 1979 Oct 14 192232809Sjmallett 1:00 1:00 CAST 1980 Mar 8 193232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 194232809Sjmallett 195232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ndjamena Chad All points 196232809Sjmallett 197232809Sjmallett# Comoros 198232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 199232809SjmallettZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 200232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 201232809Sjmallett 202232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Comoro Comoros_Islands All points 203232809Sjmallett 204232809Sjmallett# Congo 205232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 206232809SjmallettZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 207232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 208232809Sjmallett 209232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Brazzaville Congo All points 210232809Sjmallett 211232809Sjmallett# Cote D'Ivoire 212232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 213232809SjmallettZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 214232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 215232809Sjmallett 216232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Abidjan Ivory_Coast All points 217232809Sjmallett 218232809Sjmallett# Djibouti 219232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 220232809SjmallettZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 221232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 222232809Sjmallett 223232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Djibouti Djibouti All points 224232809Sjmallett 225232809Sjmallett############################################################################### 226232809Sjmallett 227232809Sjmallett# Egypt 228232809Sjmallett 229232809Sjmallett# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): 230232809Sjmallett# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may 231232809Sjmallett# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the 232232809Sjmallett# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy). 233232809Sjmallett# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82. 234232809Sjmallett 235232809Sjmallett# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): 236232809Sjmallett# EGYPT 2 H AHEAD OF UTC 237232809Sjmallett# EGYPT 3 H AHEAD OF UTC MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER 238232809Sjmallett# EGYPT RAMADAN) 239232809Sjmallett 240232809Sjmallett# From Shanks (1991): 241232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 242232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 243232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 244232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 245232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 246232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 247232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 248232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 249232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" 250232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" 251232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 252232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 253232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 254232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 255232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 256232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 " DST" 257232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 " DST" 258232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 259232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" 260232809SjmallettRule Egypt 1990 max - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 261232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262232809SjmallettZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 263232809Sjmallett 2:00 Egypt EET%s 264232809Sjmallett 265232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cairo Egypt All points 266232809Sjmallett 267232809Sjmallett# Equatorial Guinea 268232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269232809SjmallettZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 270232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1963 Dec 15 271232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 272232809Sjmallett 273232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Malabo Equatorial_Guinea All points 274232809Sjmallett 275232809Sjmallett# Eritrea 276232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277232809SjmallettZone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 278232809Sjmallett 2:36 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time 279232809Sjmallett 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT 280232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 281232809Sjmallett 282232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Asmera Eritrea All points 283232809Sjmallett 284232809Sjmallett# Ethiopia 285232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 286232809SjmallettZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 287232809Sjmallett 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT 288232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 289232809Sjmallett 290232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Addis_Ababa Ethiopia All points 291232809Sjmallett 292232809Sjmallett# Europa Island 293232809Sjmallett# uninhabited 294232809Sjmallett 295232809Sjmallett# Gabon 296232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297232809SjmallettZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 298232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 299232809Sjmallett 300232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Libreville Gabon All points 301232809Sjmallett 302232809Sjmallett# Gambia 303232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 304232809SjmallettZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 305232809Sjmallett -1:07 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 306232809Sjmallett -1:00 - AAT 1964 307232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 308232809Sjmallett 309232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Banjul Gambia All points 310232809Sjmallett 311232809Sjmallett# Ghana 312232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 313232809Sjmallett# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''. 314232809Sjmallett# From Shanks (1991): 315232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 316232809Sjmallett# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks. 317232809SjmallettRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATDT 318232809SjmallettRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 WAT 319232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320232809SjmallettZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 321232809Sjmallett 0:00 Ghana %s 322232809Sjmallett 323232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Accra Ghana All points 324232809Sjmallett 325232809Sjmallett# Glorioso Is 326232809Sjmallett# uninhabited 327232809Sjmallett 328232809Sjmallett# Guinea 329232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 330232809SjmallettZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 331232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 332232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 1960 333232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 334232809Sjmallett 335232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Conakry Guinea All points 336232809Sjmallett 337232809Sjmallett# Guinea-Bissau 338232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 339232809SjmallettZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 340232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 1975 341232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 342232809Sjmallett 343232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bissau Guinea_Bissau All points 344232809Sjmallett 345232809Sjmallett# Juan de Nova 346232809Sjmallett# uninhabited 347232809Sjmallett 348232809Sjmallett# Kenya 349232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 350232809Sjmallett# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948. 351232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352232809SjmallettZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 353232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 1930 354232809Sjmallett 2:30 - BEAT 1948 355232809Sjmallett 2:45 - BEAT 1960 356232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 357232809Sjmallett 358232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Nairobi Kenya All points 359232809Sjmallett 360232809Sjmallett# Lesotho 361232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362232809SjmallettZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 363232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 364232809Sjmallett 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 365232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 366232809Sjmallett 367232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maseru Lesotho All points 368232809Sjmallett 369232809Sjmallett# Liberia 370232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 371232809Sjmallett# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 372232809Sjmallett# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. 373232809Sjmallett# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 374232809Sjmallett# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. 375232809Sjmallett# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman 376232809Sjmallett# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 377232809Sjmallett# 378232809Sjmallett# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman: 379232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380232809SjmallettZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 381232809Sjmallett -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 382232809Sjmallett -0:44:30 - LST 1972 May # Liberia Standard Time 383232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 384232809Sjmallett 385232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Monrovia Liberia All points 386232809Sjmallett 387232809Sjmallett############################################################################### 388232809Sjmallett 389232809Sjmallett# Libya 390232809Sjmallett 391232809Sjmallett# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988): 392232809Sjmallett# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?) 393232809Sjmallett 394232809Sjmallett# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): 395232809Sjmallett# LIBYAN ARAB 1 H AHEAD OF UTC JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA 396232809Sjmallett# LIBYAN ARAB 2 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA 397232809Sjmallett 398232809Sjmallett# From Shanks (1991): 399232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 400232809SjmallettRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 " DST" 401232809SjmallettRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 402232809SjmallettRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 " DST" 403232809SjmallettRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 404232809SjmallettRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 405232809SjmallettRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 406232809SjmallettRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 407232809SjmallettRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 408232809SjmallettRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" 409232809SjmallettRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 410232809SjmallettRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 411232809SjmallettRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 412232809SjmallettRule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 413232809SjmallettRule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 414232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415232809SjmallettZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 416232809Sjmallett 1:00 Libya MET%s 1959 417232809Sjmallett 2:00 - EET 1982 418232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19): 419232809Sjmallett# usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982. 420232809Sjmallett# We don't know when they switched back. We'll guess 1991. 421232809Sjmallett 1:00 Libya MET%s 1991 422232809Sjmallett 2:00 - EET 423232809Sjmallett 424232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tripoli Libya All points 425232809Sjmallett 426232809Sjmallett# Madagascar 427232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428232809SjmallettZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 429232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 430232809Sjmallett 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 431232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 432232809Sjmallett 433232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Antananarivo Madagascar All points 434232809Sjmallett 435232809Sjmallett# Malawi 436232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437232809SjmallettZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 438232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 439232809Sjmallett 440232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Blantyre Malawi All points 441232809Sjmallett 442232809Sjmallett# Mali 443232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444232809SjmallettZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 445232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 446232809Sjmallett -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20 447232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 448232809Sjmallett 449232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bamako Mali All points 450232809Sjmallett 451232809Sjmallett# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit 452232809SjmallettZone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 453232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 454232809Sjmallett 455232809Sjmallett# Mauritania 456232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457232809SjmallettZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 458232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 459232809Sjmallett -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20 460232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 461232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Noukachott Mauritania All points 462232809Sjmallett 463232809Sjmallett# Mauritius 464232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465232809SjmallettZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 466232809Sjmallett 4:00 - SMT 467232809Sjmallett# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 468232809Sjmallett# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 469232809Sjmallett 470232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mauritius Mauritius All points 471232809Sjmallett 472232809Sjmallett# Mayotte 473232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 474232809SjmallettZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 475232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 476232809Sjmallett 477232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mayotte Mayotte All points 478232809Sjmallett 479232809Sjmallett# Morocco 480232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 481232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 " DST" 482232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 483232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 " DST" 484232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 485232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" 486232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 487232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 " DST" 488232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 489232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 " DST" 490232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 491232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 492232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 493232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 494232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 495232809SjmallettRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 496232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497232809SjmallettZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 498232809Sjmallett 0:00 Morocco WET%s 1984 Mar 16 499232809Sjmallett 1:00 - MET 1986 500232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WET 501232809Sjmallett 502232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Casablanca Morocco All points 503232809Sjmallett 504232809Sjmallett# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid: 505232809Sjmallett# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Melilla. 506232809Sjmallett 507232809Sjmallett# Mozambique 508232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 509232809SjmallettZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 510232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 511232809Sjmallett 512232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maputo Mozambique All points 513232809Sjmallett 514232809Sjmallett# Namibia 515232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516232809SjmallettZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 517232809Sjmallett 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 518232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00 519232809Sjmallett 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 520232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 521232809Sjmallett 522232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Windhoek Namibia All points 523232809Sjmallett 524232809Sjmallett# Niger 525232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526232809SjmallettZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 527232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 1934 Feb 26 528232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 1960 529232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 530232809Sjmallett 531232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Niamey Niger All points 532232809Sjmallett 533232809Sjmallett# Nigeria 534232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535232809SjmallettZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 536232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 537232809Sjmallett 538232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lagos Nigeria All points 539232809Sjmallett 540232809Sjmallett# Reunion 541232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542232809SjmallettZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 543232809Sjmallett 4:00 - SMT 544232809Sjmallett 545232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Reunion Reunion_Island All points 546232809Sjmallett 547232809Sjmallett# Rwanda 548232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549232809SjmallettZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 550232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 551232809Sjmallett 552232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kigali Rwanda All points 553232809Sjmallett 554232809Sjmallett# St Helena 555232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556232809SjmallettZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 557232809Sjmallett -0:06 - ?MT 1951 # a typo in Shanks? 558232809Sjmallett 0:00 - GMT 559232809Sjmallett 560232809Sjmallett# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 561232809Sjmallett# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman 562232809Sjmallett# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 563232809Sjmallett# Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 564232809Sjmallett 565232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic St_Helena St_Helena All points 566232809Sjmallett 567232809Sjmallett# Sao Tome and Principe 568232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 569232809SjmallettZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 570232809Sjmallett -0:37 - ?MT 1912 # a typo in Shanks? 571232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 572232809Sjmallett 573232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Sao_Tome Sao_Tome_and_Principe All points 574232809Sjmallett 575232809Sjmallett# Senegal 576232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 577232809SjmallettZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 578232809Sjmallett -1:00 - AAT 1941 Jun 579232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 580232809Sjmallett 581232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dakar Senegal All points 582232809Sjmallett 583232809Sjmallett# Seychelles 584232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 585232809SjmallettZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 586232809Sjmallett 4:00 - SMT 587232809Sjmallett 588232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mahe Seychelles All points 589232809Sjmallett 590232809Sjmallett# Sierra Leone 591232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592232809Sjmallett# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks. 593232809SjmallettRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 594232809SjmallettRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 595232809SjmallettRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 596232809SjmallettRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 597232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598232809SjmallettZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 599232809Sjmallett -0:53 - FMT 1913 Jun 600232809Sjmallett -1:00 SL AA%sT 1957 601232809Sjmallett 0:00 SL WA%sT 602232809Sjmallett 603232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Freetown Sierra_Leone All points 604232809Sjmallett 605232809Sjmallett# Somalia 606232809Sjmallett# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 607232809Sjmallett# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo. 608232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 609232809SjmallettZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 610232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 1931 611232809Sjmallett 2:30 - BEAT 1948 612232809Sjmallett 2:45 - BEAT 1957 # not in Shanks 613232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 614232809Sjmallett 615232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mogadishu Somalia All points 616232809Sjmallett 617232809Sjmallett# South Africa 618232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 619232809SjmallettRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 620232809SjmallettRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 621232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622232809SjmallettZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 623232809Sjmallett 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar 624232809Sjmallett 2:00 SA SA%sT 625232809Sjmallett 626232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Johannesburg South_Africa All points 627232809Sjmallett 628232809Sjmallett# Prince Edward Is 629232809Sjmallett# no information 630232809Sjmallett 631232809Sjmallett# Sudan 632232809Sjmallett# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (November 15, 1995): 633232809Sjmallett# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change. 634232809Sjmallett# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the 635232809Sjmallett# United Nations: 212-573-6033 636232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 637232809SjmallettRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 638232809SjmallettRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 639232809SjmallettRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 640232809SjmallettRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST" 641232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642232809SjmallettZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 643232809Sjmallett 2:00 Sudan EET%s 644232809Sjmallett 645232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Khartoum Sudan All points 646232809Sjmallett 647232809Sjmallett# Swaziland 648232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 649232809SjmallettZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 650232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 651232809Sjmallett 652232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mbabane Swaziland All points 653232809Sjmallett 654232809Sjmallett# Tanzania 655232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 656232809SjmallettZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 657232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 1948 658232809Sjmallett 2:45 - BEAT 1961 659232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 660232809Sjmallett 661232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dar_es_Salaam Tanzania All points 662232809Sjmallett 663232809Sjmallett# Togo 664232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665232809SjmallettZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 666232809Sjmallett 0:00 - WAT 667232809Sjmallett 668232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lome Togo All points 669232809Sjmallett 670232809Sjmallett# Tromelin 671232809Sjmallett# uninhabited 672232809Sjmallett 673232809Sjmallett# Tunisia 674232809Sjmallett# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 675232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 676232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 677232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 678232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 679232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 " DST" 680232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 681232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" 682232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 683232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" 684232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 685232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" 686232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 687232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 688232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 689232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 690232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 691232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 692232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 693232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1988 max - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 694232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 695232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 696232809SjmallettRule Tunisia 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 697232809Sjmallett# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 698232809Sjmallett# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 699232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 700232809SjmallettZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 701232809Sjmallett 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 702232809Sjmallett 1:00 Tunisia MET%s 703232809Sjmallett 704232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tunis Tunisia All points 705232809Sjmallett 706232809Sjmallett# Uganda 707232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 708232809SjmallettZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 709232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 1930 710232809Sjmallett 2:30 - BEAT 1948 711232809Sjmallett 2:45 - BEAT 1957 712232809Sjmallett 3:00 - EAT 713232809Sjmallett 714232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kampala Uganda All points 715232809Sjmallett 716232809Sjmallett# Zaire 717232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 718232809SjmallettZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 719232809Sjmallett 1:00 - CAT 720232809SjmallettZone Africa/Lumumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 721232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 722232809Sjmallett 723232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kinshasa Zaire Western (Kinshasa) 724232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lumumbashi Zaire Eastern (Lumumbashi) 725232809Sjmallett 726232809Sjmallett# Zambia 727232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 728232809SjmallettZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 729232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 730232809Sjmallett 731232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lusaka Zambia All points 732232809Sjmallett 733232809Sjmallett# Zimbabwe 734232809Sjmallett# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 735232809SjmallettZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 736232809Sjmallett 2:00 - SAT 737232809Sjmallett 738232809Sjmallett# ZONE-DESCR Africa Harare Zimbabwe All points 739232809Sjmallett