africa revision 196582
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2196582Sedwin# @(#)africa 8.23 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 567578Swollman 62742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 72742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 82742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 92742Swollman 10158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112742Swollman# 122742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 152742Swollman# 1686222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1720094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 2020094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 2120094Swollman# 22158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2420094Swollman# 252742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 262742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 272742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 282742Swollman# 2914343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3058787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 3114343Swollman# 3230711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 3330711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 34149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that 3530711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 3630711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 3730711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 3830711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 3930711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 402742Swollman# 4130711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 4230711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 4330711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 4430711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 4530711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 462742Swollman# 4730711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 4830711Swollman# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 4930711Swollman# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 5030711Swollman# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 5130711Swollman# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 5230711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 5330711Swollman# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 5430711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 5530711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 5630711Swollman# until we get more information. 572742Swollman# 5830711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 5930711Swollman# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 6030711Swollman# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 6186222Swollman# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 6230711Swollman# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 6330711Swollman# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 642742Swollman# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 6530711Swollman# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 662742Swollman 672742Swollman# Algeria 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6919878SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 7119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 7219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 7319878SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 7419878SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 752742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 7619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 772742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 7819878SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 792742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 812742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 822742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 8319878SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 842742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 8519878SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 862742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 8719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 882742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 8919878SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 902742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 92158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 942742SwollmanZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 9514343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 9619878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 9719878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 982742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 9919878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 10019878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 10119878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 10219878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 10319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1042742Swollman 1052742Swollman# Angola 1062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1072742SwollmanZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 10886222Swollman 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 10930711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1102742Swollman 1112742Swollman# Benin 112158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 113158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1152742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 11630711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 11730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1182742Swollman 1192742Swollman# Botswana 1202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1212742SwollmanZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 12230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 12330711Swollman 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 12430711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1252742Swollman 1262742Swollman# Burkina Faso 1272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1282742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 12930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1302742Swollman 1312742Swollman# Burundi 1322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1332742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 13430711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1352742Swollman 1362742Swollman# Cameroon 137158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1392742SwollmanZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 14030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1412742Swollman 1422742Swollman# Cape Verde 1432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1442742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 1452742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 1462742Swollman -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 1472742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 14819878Swollman -1:00 - CVT 1492742Swollman 1502742Swollman# Central African Republic 1512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1522742SwollmanZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 15330711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1542742Swollman 1552742Swollman# Chad 1562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1572742SwollmanZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 15830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 15930711Swollman 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 16030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1612742Swollman 1622742Swollman# Comoros 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1652742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1662742Swollman 16730711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo 1682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 17130711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 17330711Swollman 17430711Swollman# Republic of the Congo 17530711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1762742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 17730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1782742Swollman 1792742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire 1802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1812742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 18230711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1832742Swollman 1842742Swollman# Djibouti 1852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1862742SwollmanZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1872742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1882742Swollman 1892742Swollman############################################################################### 1902742Swollman 1912742Swollman# Egypt 1922742Swollman 1932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1952742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 19619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1972742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 19819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1992742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 2002742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 20119878SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 20219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2032742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 20419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 20519878SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2062742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 20730711SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 20819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 20919878SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 21019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 21119878SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 21230711SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 21343014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 21443543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 21558787SruRule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 216163302SruRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 217163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 218163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 219163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 220163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 221163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 222163302SruRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 223171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 224171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 225171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 226171948Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 227171948Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 228171948Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 229172479Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 230172479Sedwin# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 231172479SedwinRule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 232172479Sedwin# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 233172479Sedwin# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 234172479Sedwin# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 235172479Sedwin# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 236172479Sedwin# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 237172479Sedwin# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 238172479Sedwin# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 239171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 240172479Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 24120094Swollman 242191618Sedwin# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 243191618Sedwin# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 244191618Sedwin# 245191618Sedwin# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 246192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247191618Sedwin# Apr 23 248192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 249192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 250191618Sedwin# Apr 24 251192886Sedwin# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 252192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 253191618Sedwin# Aug 27 254192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 255192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 256191618Sedwin# Aug 27 257192886Sedwin# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 258191618Sedwin# 259191618Sedwin# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 260191618Sedwin# :59) 261191618Sedwin# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 262191618Sedwin# 263191618Sedwin# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 264191618Sedwin# 265192886Sedwin# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 266192886Sedwin# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 267191618Sedwin# </a> 268192886Sedwin# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 269192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 270191618Sedwin# </a> 271191618Sedwin# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 272191618Sedwin# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 273191618Sedwin# </a> 274191618Sedwin 275191618Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 276191618Sedwin# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 277191618Sedwin# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 278191618Sedwin# in September. 279196582Sedwin 280196582Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 281196582Sedwin# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 282196582Sedwin# Information and Decision Support Center: 283196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 284196582Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 285196582Sedwin# </a> 286196582Sedwin# 287196582Sedwin# The Middle East News Agency 288196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 289196582Sedwin# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 290196582Sedwin# </a> 291196582Sedwin# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 292196582Sedwin# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 293196582Sedwin# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 294196582Sedwin# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 295196582Sedwin# (at least today). 296196582Sedwin 297191618SedwinRule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 298196582SedwinRule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 299196582SedwinRule Egypt 2010 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 300191618Sedwin 3012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3022742SwollmanZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 30319878Swollman 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 3042742Swollman 3052742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 3062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3072742SwollmanZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 30830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 30930711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 3102742Swollman 3112742Swollman# Eritrea 3122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313169811SwollmanZone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 314169811Swollman 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 31530711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3162742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3172742Swollman 3182742Swollman# Ethiopia 319158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 320158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 321158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 32230711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 3232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3242742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 32530711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3262742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3272742Swollman 3282742Swollman# Gabon 3292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3302742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 33130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 3322742Swollman 3332742Swollman# Gambia 3342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3352742SwollmanZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 33619878Swollman -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 33730711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1964 33830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3392742Swollman 3402742Swollman# Ghana 3412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 342158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 343158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 34430711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 34530711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 3462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3472742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 3482742Swollman 0:00 Ghana %s 3492742Swollman 3502742Swollman# Guinea 3512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3522742SwollmanZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 35330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 35430711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 35530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3562742Swollman 3572742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 3582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3592742SwollmanZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 36030711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1975 36130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3622742Swollman 3632742Swollman# Kenya 3642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3652742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3662742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 36730711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1940 36886222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 3692742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3702742Swollman 3712742Swollman# Lesotho 3722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3732742SwollmanZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 37430711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 3752742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 37630711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 3772742Swollman 3782742Swollman# Liberia 379158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3802742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 38186222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 38214343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 383158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 384158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 385158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 386158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 3872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3882742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 3892742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 39019878Swollman -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 39130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3922742Swollman 3932742Swollman############################################################################### 3942742Swollman 3952742Swollman# Libya 3962742Swollman 3972742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39819878SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 3992742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 40019878SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 4012742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 40219878SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 4032742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 40419878SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 4052742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 40619878SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 40719878SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 4082742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 40919878SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 410149514SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 4112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4122742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 41319878Swollman 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 4142742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 41558787Sru 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 416158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 41758787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 41858787Sru 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 41958787Sru 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 42058787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 42143014Swollman 2:00 - EET 4222742Swollman 4232742Swollman# Madagascar 4242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4252742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 4262742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 4272742Swollman 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 4282742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4292742Swollman 4302742Swollman# Malawi 4312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4322742SwollmanZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 43330711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 4342742Swollman 4352742Swollman# Mali 4362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4372742SwollmanZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 43830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 43930711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 44030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4412742Swollman 4422742Swollman# Mauritania 4432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4442742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 44530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 44630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 44730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4482742Swollman 4492742Swollman# Mauritius 450181421Sedwin 451181421Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 452181421Sedwin# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 453181421Sedwin# basis.... 454181421Sedwin# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 455181421Sedwin# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 456181421Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 457181424Sedwin 458181421Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 459181421Sedwin# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 460181424Sedwin 461181421Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 462181421Sedwin# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 463181421Sedwin# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 464181421Sedwin# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 465181424Sedwin 466181421Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 467181421Sedwin# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 468181421Sedwin 469181424Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 470181424Sedwin# According to 471181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 472181424Sedwin# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 473181424Sedwin# </a> 474181424Sedwin# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 475181424Sedwin# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 476181424Sedwin# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 477181424Sedwin# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 478181424Sedwin# 479181424Sedwin# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 480181424Sedwin# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 481181424Sedwin# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 482181424Sedwin# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 483181424Sedwin# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 484181424Sedwin# changes two days later. 485181424Sedwin 486181424Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 487181424Sedwin# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 488181424Sedwin# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 489181424Sedwin# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 490181424Sedwin# 491181424Sedwin# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 492181424Sedwin# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 493181424Sedwin# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 494181424Sedwin# ... 495181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 496181424Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 497181424Sedwin# </a> 498181424Sedwin 499183066Sedwin# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 500183066Sedwin# The Government of Mauritius weblink 501192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 502192886Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 503183066Sedwin# </a> 504183066Sedwin# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 505183066Sedwin# 506183066Sedwin# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 507183066Sedwin# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 508183066Sedwin# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 509183066Sedwin# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 510183066Sedwin# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 511183066Sedwin# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 512183066Sedwin# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 513183066Sedwin# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 514183066Sedwin# and end on 29 March 2009. 515183066Sedwin 516183864Sedwin# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 517183864Sedwin# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 518183864Sedwin# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 519183864Sedwin# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 520183864Sedwin# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 521183864Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 522183864Sedwin# </a> 523183864Sedwin 524196581Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 525196581Sedwin# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 526196581Sedwin# DST the coming summer... 527196581Sedwin# 528196581Sedwin# Some sources, in French: 529196581Sedwin# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 530196581Sedwin# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 531196581Sedwin# </a> 532196581Sedwin# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 533196581Sedwin# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 534196581Sedwin# </a> 535196581Sedwin# 536196581Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 537196581Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 538196581Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 539196581Sedwin# </a> 540196581Sedwin 541196581Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 542196581Sedwin# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 543196581Sedwin# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 544196581Sedwin# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 545196581Sedwin 546181421Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 547181421SedwinRule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 548181421SedwinRule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 549196581SedwinRule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 550196581SedwinRule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 5512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5522742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 553181421Sedwin 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 5542742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 5552742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 5562742Swollman 5572742Swollman# Mayotte 5582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 55914343SwollmanZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 5602742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5612742Swollman 5622742Swollman# Morocco 56330711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 564181418Sedwin 565181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 566181418Sedwin# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 567181418Sedwin# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 568181418Sedwin# 569181418Sedwin# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 570181418Sedwin# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 571181418Sedwin# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 572181418Sedwin# 573181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 574181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 575181418Sedwin# </a> 576181418Sedwin# OR 577181418Sedwin# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 578181418Sedwin# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 579181418Sedwin# </a> 580181418Sedwin 581181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 582181418Sedwin# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 583181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 584181418Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 585181418Sedwin# </a> 586181418Sedwin# 587181418Sedwin# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 588181418Sedwin# spokesman. 589181418Sedwin 590181418Sedwin# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 591181418Sedwin# According to this article: 592181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 593181418Sedwin# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 594181418Sedwin# </a> 595181418Sedwin# (and republished here: 596181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 597181418Sedwin# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 598181418Sedwin# </a> 599181418Sedwin# ) 600181418Sedwin# the changes occurs at midnight: 601181418Sedwin# 602181418Sedwin# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 603181418Sedwin# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 604181418Sedwin# sunday night the 28th at midnight 605181418Sedwin# 606181418Sedwin# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 607181418Sedwin# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 608181418Sedwin# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 609181418Sedwin# june1st to sept 27th. 610181418Sedwin# 611181418Sedwin# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 612181418Sedwin# published on the web. 613181418Sedwin# 614181418Sedwin# It's also confirmed here: 615181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 616181418Sedwin# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 617181418Sedwin# </a> 618181418Sedwin# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 619181418Sedwin# posted in english). 620181418Sedwin# 621181418Sedwin# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 622181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 623181418Sedwin# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 624181418Sedwin# </a> 625181418Sedwin 626181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 627181418Sedwin# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow 628181418Sedwin# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of 629181418Sedwin# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named 630181418Sedwin# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? 631181418Sedwin 632181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): 633181418Sedwin# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. 634181418Sedwin 635183066Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 636183066Sedwin# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 637183066Sedwin# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 638183066Sedwin# of September: 639183066Sedwin# 640183066Sedwin# One article about it (in French): 641183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 642183066Sedwin# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 643183066Sedwin# </a> 644183066Sedwin# 645183066Sedwin# We have some further details posted here: 646183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 647183066Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 648183066Sedwin# </a> 649190372Sedwin 650190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 651190372Sedwin# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 652190372Sedwin# to many sources, such as 653190372Sedwin# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 654190372Sedwin# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 655190372Sedwin# </a> 656190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 657190372Sedwin# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 658190372Sedwin# </a> 659190372Sedwin# (French) 660190372Sedwin# 661190372Sedwin# Our summary: 662190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 663190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 664190372Sedwin# </a> 665190372Sedwin 666190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 667190372Sedwin# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 668190372Sedwin# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 669190372Sedwin# 670190372Sedwin# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 671190372Sedwin# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 672190372Sedwin# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 673190372Sedwin# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 674190372Sedwin# 675190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 676190372Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 677190372Sedwin# </a> 678190372Sedwin# 679190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 680190372Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 681190372Sedwin# </a> 682190372Sedwin 68320094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 684183066Sedwin 68519878SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 6862742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 68719878SwollmanRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 6882742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 68919878SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 6902742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 69119878SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 6922742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 69319878SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 6942742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 69519878SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 6962742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 6972742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 69819878SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 6992742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 700181418SedwinRule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 701183066SedwinRule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 702190372SedwinRule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 703190372SedwinRule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 7042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7052742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 70619878Swollman 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 70719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 708181418Sedwin 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 70919878Swollman# Western Sahara 71019878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 71130711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 71219878Swollman 0:00 - WET 7138029Swollman 7142742Swollman# Mozambique 7152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7162742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 71730711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 7182742Swollman 7192742Swollman# Namibia 720158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 721158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 722169811Swollman 723169811Swollman# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 724169811Swollman# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 725169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 726169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 727169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 728169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 729169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 730169811Swollman# of the country. 731169811Swollman# 732169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 733169811Swollman# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 734169811Swollman# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 735169811Swollman 73620094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 73720094SwollmanRule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 73820094SwollmanRule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 7392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7402742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 7412742Swollman 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 74230711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 7432742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 74430711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 74530711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 74630711Swollman 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 7472742Swollman 7482742Swollman# Niger 7492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 75030711SwollmanZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 75130711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 75230711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1960 75330711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 7542742Swollman 7552742Swollman# Nigeria 7562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7572742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 75830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 7592742Swollman 7602742Swollman# Reunion 7612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 76214343SwollmanZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 76319878Swollman 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 76443014Swollman# 76543014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 76643014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from 76758787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 76858787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 76958787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories. 77043014Swollman# 77143014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited 77243014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 77343014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 77443014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 77543014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 7762742Swollman 7772742Swollman# Rwanda 7782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7792742SwollmanZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 78030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 7812742Swollman 7822742Swollman# St Helena 7832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7842742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 78530711Swollman -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 7862742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 78714343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 78830711Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 78930711Swollman# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 79058787Sru# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 79158787Sru# on GMT, says the CIA 79230711Swollman# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 79314343Swollman 7942742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe 7952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7962742SwollmanZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 79719878Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 79830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 7992742Swollman 8002742Swollman# Senegal 8012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8022742SwollmanZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 80330711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 80430711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 8052742Swollman 8062742Swollman# Seychelles 8072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8082742SwollmanZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 80919878Swollman 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 81086222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 81186222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 81286222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 81386222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 81486222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 81586222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 8162742Swollman 8172742Swollman# Sierra Leone 8182742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 819158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 82030711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 82130711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 82230711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 82330711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 8242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8252742SwollmanZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 82619878Swollman -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 82730711Swollman -1:00 SL %s 1957 82830711Swollman 0:00 SL %s 8292742Swollman 8302742Swollman# Somalia 8312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8322742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 8332742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1931 83430711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1957 8352742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 8362742Swollman 8372742Swollman# South Africa 8382742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83930711SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 8402742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 8412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8422742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 84330711Swollman 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 84430711Swollman 2:00 SA SAST 84530711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is 84658787Sru# scientific station since 1947 8472742Swollman# no information 8482742Swollman 8492742Swollman# Sudan 85058787Sru# 85158787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 85258787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 85358787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 85458787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 85558787Sru# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 85658787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 85758787Sru# 8582742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 85919878SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 86014343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 86119878SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 86219878SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 8632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8642742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 86558787Sru 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 86658787Sru 3:00 - EAT 8672742Swollman 8682742Swollman# Swaziland 8692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8702742SwollmanZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 87130711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 8722742Swollman 8732742Swollman# Tanzania 8742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8752742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 8762742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1948 87786222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 8782742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 8792742Swollman 8802742Swollman# Togo 8812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8822742SwollmanZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 88330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 8842742Swollman 8852742Swollman# Tunisia 886149514Swollman 887149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 888149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 889149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 890149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 891149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 892149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 893149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 894149514Swollman# Saturday." (My translation) 895149514Swollman# 896149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 897149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 898149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 899149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 900149514Swollman# 1h standard time. 901158421Swollman# 902158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 903158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 904158421Swollman# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 905158421Swollman# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 906158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 907149514Swollman 908190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 909190372Sedwin# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 910190372Sedwin# (Arabic) 911190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 912190372Sedwin# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 913190372Sedwin# </a> 914190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 915190372Sedwin# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 916190372Sedwin# </a> 917190372Sedwin# 918190372Sedwin# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 919190372Sedwin# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 920190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 921190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 922190372Sedwin# </a> 923190372Sedwin 924190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 925190372Sedwin# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 926190372Sedwin# 927190372Sedwin# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 928190372Sedwin# 929190372Sedwin# (in English) 930190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 931190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 932190372Sedwin# </a> 933190372Sedwin# 934190372Sedwin# (in Arabic) 935190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 936190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 937190372Sedwin# </a> 938190372Sedwin 939190372Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 940190372Sedwin# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 941190372Sedwin# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 942190372Sedwin# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 943190372Sedwin# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 944190372Sedwin 9452742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 94619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 9472742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 94819878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 9492742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 95019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 9512742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 95219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 9532742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 95419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 9552742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 95619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 9572742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 9582742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 95919878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 9602742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 96119878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 9622742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 96319878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 96420094SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 96519878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 96619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 967149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 968149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 969190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 970190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 971190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2010 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 972190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2010 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 973158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 974158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 975158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 9762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9772742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 97814343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 97919878Swollman 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 9802742Swollman 9812742Swollman# Uganda 9822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9832742SwollmanZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 9842742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 9852742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 98686222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 9872742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 9882742Swollman 9892742Swollman# Zambia 9902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9912742SwollmanZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 99230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 9932742Swollman 9942742Swollman# Zimbabwe 9952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9962742SwollmanZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 99730711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 998