africa revision 163302
1163302Sru# @(#)africa 8.5 2153761Swollman# <pre> 367578Swollman 42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 72742Swollman 8158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92742Swollman# 102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 132742Swollman# 1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1720094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1920094Swollman# 20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2220094Swollman# 232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 262742Swollman# 2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 2914343Swollman# 3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that 3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 382742Swollman# 3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 442742Swollman# 4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 4630711Swollman# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 4730711Swollman# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 4830711Swollman# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 4930711Swollman# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 5130711Swollman# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 5430711Swollman# until we get more information. 552742Swollman# 5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 5730711Swollman# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 5830711Swollman# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 5986222Swollman# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 6030711Swollman# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 6130711Swollman# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 622742Swollman# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 6330711Swollman# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 642742Swollman 652742Swollman# Algeria 662742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 68158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 6919878SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 7019878SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 7119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 7219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 732742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 7419878SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 752742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 7619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 772742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 78158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 792742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 802742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 8119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 822742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 8319878SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 842742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 8519878SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 862742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 8719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 882742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 90158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 922742SwollmanZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 9314343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 9419878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 9519878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 962742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 9719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 9819878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 9919878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 10019878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 10119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1022742Swollman 1032742Swollman# Angola 1042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1052742SwollmanZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 10686222Swollman 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 10730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1082742Swollman 1092742Swollman# Benin 110158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 111158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1132742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 11430711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 11530711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1162742Swollman 1172742Swollman# Botswana 1182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1192742SwollmanZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 12030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 12130711Swollman 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 12230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1232742Swollman 1242742Swollman# Burkina Faso 1252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 12730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1282742Swollman 1292742Swollman# Burundi 1302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 13230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1332742Swollman 1342742Swollman# Cameroon 135158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1372742SwollmanZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 13830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1392742Swollman 1402742Swollman# Cape Verde 1412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 1432742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 1442742Swollman -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 1452742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 14619878Swollman -1:00 - CVT 1472742Swollman 1482742Swollman# Central African Republic 1492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502742SwollmanZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 15130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1522742Swollman 1532742Swollman# Chad 1542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1552742SwollmanZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 15630711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 15730711Swollman 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 15830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1592742Swollman 1602742Swollman# Comoros 1612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1622742SwollmanZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1632742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1642742Swollman 16530711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo 1662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 16830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 17130711Swollman 17230711Swollman# Republic of the Congo 17330711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1742742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 17530711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1762742Swollman 1772742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire 1782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 18030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1812742Swollman 1822742Swollman# Djibouti 1832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842742SwollmanZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1852742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1862742Swollman 1872742Swollman############################################################################### 1882742Swollman 1892742Swollman# Egypt 1902742Swollman 1912742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1932742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 19419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1952742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 19619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1972742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 1982742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 19919878SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 20019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2012742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 20219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 20319878SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2042742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 20530711SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 20619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 20719878SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 20819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 20919878SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 21030711SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 21143014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 21243543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 21358787SruRule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 214163302SruRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 215163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 216163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 217163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 218163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 219163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 220163302SruRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 221163302SruRule Egypt 2007 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 22220094Swollman 2232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2242742SwollmanZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 22519878Swollman 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 2262742Swollman 2272742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 2282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2292742SwollmanZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 23030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 23130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 2322742Swollman 2332742Swollman# Eritrea 2342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2352742SwollmanZone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 23619878Swollman 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time 23730711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 2382742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2392742Swollman 2402742Swollman# Ethiopia 241158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 242158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 243158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 24430711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 2452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2462742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 24730711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 2482742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2492742Swollman 2502742Swollman# Gabon 2512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2522742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 25330711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 2542742Swollman 2552742Swollman# Gambia 2562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2572742SwollmanZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 25819878Swollman -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 25930711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1964 26030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2612742Swollman 2622742Swollman# Ghana 2632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 264158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 265158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 26630711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 26730711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 2682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2692742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 2702742Swollman 0:00 Ghana %s 2712742Swollman 2722742Swollman# Guinea 2732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2742742SwollmanZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 27530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 27630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 27730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2782742Swollman 2792742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 2802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2812742SwollmanZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 28230711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1975 28330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2842742Swollman 2852742Swollman# Kenya 2862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2872742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 2882742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 28930711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1940 29086222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 2912742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2922742Swollman 2932742Swollman# Lesotho 2942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2952742SwollmanZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 29630711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2972742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 29830711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 2992742Swollman 3002742Swollman# Liberia 301158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3022742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 30386222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 30414343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 305158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 306158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 307158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 308158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 3092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3102742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 3112742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 31219878Swollman -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 31330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3142742Swollman 3152742Swollman############################################################################### 3162742Swollman 3172742Swollman# Libya 3182742Swollman 3192742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 32019878SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 3212742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 32219878SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 3232742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 32419878SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 3252742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 32619878SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3272742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 32819878SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 32919878SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 3302742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 33119878SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 332149514SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3342742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 33519878Swollman 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 3362742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 33758787Sru 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 338158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 33958787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 34058787Sru 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 34158787Sru 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 34258787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 34343014Swollman 2:00 - EET 3442742Swollman 3452742Swollman# Madagascar 3462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3472742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3482742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3492742Swollman 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3502742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3512742Swollman 3522742Swollman# Malawi 3532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3542742SwollmanZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 35530711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 3562742Swollman 3572742Swollman# Mali 3582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3592742SwollmanZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 36030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 36130711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 36230711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3632742Swollman 3642742Swollman# Mauritania 3652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3662742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 36730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 36830711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 36930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3702742Swollman 3712742Swollman# Mauritius 3722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3732742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 37419878Swollman 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time 3752742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 3762742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 3772742Swollman 3782742Swollman# Mayotte 3792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 38014343SwollmanZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3812742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3822742Swollman 3832742Swollman# Morocco 38430711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 38520094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38619878SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 3872742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 38819878SwollmanRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 3892742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 39019878SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 3912742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 39219878SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3932742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 39419878SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3952742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 39619878SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3972742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3982742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 39919878SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 4002742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 4012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4022742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 40319878Swollman 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 40419878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 4052742Swollman 0:00 - WET 40619878Swollman# Western Sahara 40719878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 40830711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 40919878Swollman 0:00 - WET 4108029Swollman 4112742Swollman# Mozambique 4122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4132742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 41430711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 4152742Swollman 4162742Swollman# Namibia 417158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 418158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 41920094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42020094SwollmanRule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 42120094SwollmanRule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 4222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4232742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 4242742Swollman 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 42530711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 4262742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 42730711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 42830711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 42930711Swollman 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 4302742Swollman 4312742Swollman# Niger 4322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 43330711SwollmanZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 43430711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 43530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1960 43630711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4372742Swollman 4382742Swollman# Nigeria 4392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4402742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 44130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4422742Swollman 4432742Swollman# Reunion 4442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 44514343SwollmanZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 44619878Swollman 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 44743014Swollman# 44843014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 44943014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from 45058787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 45158787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 45258787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories. 45343014Swollman# 45443014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited 45543014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 45643014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 45743014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 45843014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman# Rwanda 4612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4622742SwollmanZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 46330711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 4642742Swollman 4652742Swollman# St Helena 4662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4672742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 46830711Swollman -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 4692742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 47014343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 47130711Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 47230711Swollman# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 47358787Sru# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 47458787Sru# on GMT, says the CIA 47530711Swollman# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 47614343Swollman 4772742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe 4782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4792742SwollmanZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 48019878Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 48130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4822742Swollman 4832742Swollman# Senegal 4842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4852742SwollmanZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 48630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 48730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4882742Swollman 4892742Swollman# Seychelles 4902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4912742SwollmanZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 49219878Swollman 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 49386222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 49486222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 49586222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 49686222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 49786222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 49886222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 4992742Swollman 5002742Swollman# Sierra Leone 5012742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 502158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 50330711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 50430711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 50530711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 50630711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 5072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5082742SwollmanZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 50919878Swollman -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 51030711Swollman -1:00 SL %s 1957 51130711Swollman 0:00 SL %s 5122742Swollman 5132742Swollman# Somalia 5142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5152742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 5162742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1931 51730711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1957 5182742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5192742Swollman 5202742Swollman# South Africa 5212742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 52230711SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 5232742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 5242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5252742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 52630711Swollman 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 52730711Swollman 2:00 SA SAST 52830711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is 52958787Sru# scientific station since 1947 5302742Swollman# no information 5312742Swollman 5322742Swollman# Sudan 53358787Sru# 53458787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 53558787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 53658787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 53758787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 53858787Sru# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 53958787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 54058787Sru# 5412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 54219878SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 54314343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 54419878SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 54519878SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 5462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5472742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 54858787Sru 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 54958787Sru 3:00 - EAT 5502742Swollman 5512742Swollman# Swaziland 5522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5532742SwollmanZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 55430711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 5552742Swollman 5562742Swollman# Tanzania 5572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5582742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 5592742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1948 56086222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 5612742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5622742Swollman 5632742Swollman# Togo 5642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5652742SwollmanZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 56630711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5672742Swollman 5682742Swollman# Tunisia 569149514Swollman 570149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 571149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 572149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 573149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 574149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 575149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 576149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 577149514Swollman# Saturday." (My translation) 578149514Swollman# 579149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 580149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 581149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 582149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 583149514Swollman# 1h standard time. 584158421Swollman# 585158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 586158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 587158421Swollman# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 588158421Swollman# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 589158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 590149514Swollman 5912742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 59219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 5932742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 59419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 5952742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 59619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 5972742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 59819878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 5992742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 60019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 6012742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 60219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 6032742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 6042742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 60519878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 60719878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 6082742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 60919878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 61020094SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 61119878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 61219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 613149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 614149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 615158421SwollmanRule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 616158421SwollmanRule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 617158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 618158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 619158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 6202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6212742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 62214343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 62319878Swollman 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 6242742Swollman 6252742Swollman# Uganda 6262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6272742SwollmanZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 6282742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 6292742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 63086222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 6312742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 6322742Swollman 6332742Swollman# Zambia 6342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6352742SwollmanZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 63630711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 6372742Swollman 6382742Swollman# Zimbabwe 6392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6402742SwollmanZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 64130711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 642