africa revision 163302
1163302Sru# @(#)africa	8.5
2153761Swollman# <pre>
367578Swollman
42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
72742Swollman
8158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92742Swollman#
102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
132742Swollman#
1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1720094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1920094Swollman#
20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
2220094Swollman#
232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
262742Swollman#
2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
2914343Swollman#
3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that
3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
382742Swollman#
3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
442742Swollman#
4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4630711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4730711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4930711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5130711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5430711Swollman# until we get more information.
552742Swollman#
5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5730711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5830711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5986222Swollman#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6130711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
622742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6330711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
642742Swollman
652742Swollman# Algeria
662742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
68158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
732742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
752742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
772742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
78158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
802742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
822742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
912742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
922742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9314343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9419878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9519878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
962742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9719878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9819878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9919878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
10019878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
10119878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1022742Swollman
1032742Swollman# Angola
1042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1052742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10686222Swollman			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
10730711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1082742Swollman
1092742Swollman# Benin
110158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1132742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11430711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1162742Swollman
1172742Swollman# Botswana
1182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
12030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
12130711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
12230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1232742Swollman
1242742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1252742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1262742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1282742Swollman
1292742Swollman# Burundi
1302742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1312742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
13230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1332742Swollman
1342742Swollman# Cameroon
135158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1372742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1392742Swollman
1402742Swollman# Cape Verde
1412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1422742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1432742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1442742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1452742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14619878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1472742Swollman
1482742Swollman# Central African Republic
1492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1502742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
15130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1522742Swollman
1532742Swollman# Chad
1542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1552742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15730711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1592742Swollman
1602742Swollman# Comoros
1612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1622742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1632742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1642742Swollman
16530711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
17030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
17130711Swollman
17230711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17330711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1742742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1762742Swollman
1772742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
18030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1812742Swollman
1822742Swollman# Djibouti
1832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1852742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1862742Swollman
1872742Swollman###############################################################################
1882742Swollman
1892742Swollman# Egypt
1902742Swollman
1912742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
19219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1932742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1952742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1972742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1982742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
19919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
2012742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
20219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2042742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20530711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20819878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
21030711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
21143014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
21243543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
21358787SruRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
214163302SruRule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
215163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
216163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
217163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
218163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
219163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
220163302SruRule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
221163302SruRule	Egypt	2007	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
22220094Swollman
2232742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2242742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
22519878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2262742Swollman
2272742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2282742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2292742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
23030711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
23130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2322742Swollman
2332742Swollman# Eritrea
2342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2352742SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
23619878Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
23730711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2382742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2392742Swollman
2402742Swollman# Ethiopia
241158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
242158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
243158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
24430711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2452742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2462742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
24730711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2482742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2492742Swollman
2502742Swollman# Gabon
2512742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2522742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
25330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2542742Swollman
2552742Swollman# Gambia
2562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2572742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
25819878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
25930711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
26030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2612742Swollman
2622742Swollman# Ghana
2632742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
264158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
265158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
26630711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
26730711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2682742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2692742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2702742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2712742Swollman
2722742Swollman# Guinea
2732742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2742742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
27530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
27630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
27730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2782742Swollman
2792742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2802742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2812742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
28230711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
28330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2842742Swollman
2852742Swollman# Kenya
2862742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2872742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
2882742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
28930711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
29086222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
2912742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2922742Swollman
2932742Swollman# Lesotho
2942742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2952742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
29630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
2972742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
29830711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
2992742Swollman
3002742Swollman# Liberia
301158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3022742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
30386222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
30414343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
305158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
306158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
307158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
308158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
3092742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3102742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3112742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
31219878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
31330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3142742Swollman
3152742Swollman###############################################################################
3162742Swollman
3172742Swollman# Libya
3182742Swollman
3192742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
32019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3212742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32219878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3232742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32419878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3252742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32619878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3272742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
32819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
32919878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3302742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
33119878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
332149514SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
3332742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3342742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
33519878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3362742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
33758787Sru			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
338158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
33958787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
34058787Sru			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
34158787Sru			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
34258787Sru			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
34343014Swollman			2:00	-	EET
3442742Swollman
3452742Swollman# Madagascar
3462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3472742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3482742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3492742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3502742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3512742Swollman
3522742Swollman# Malawi
3532742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3542742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
35530711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3562742Swollman
3572742Swollman# Mali
3582742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3592742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
36030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
36130711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
36230711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3632742Swollman
3642742Swollman# Mauritania
3652742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3662742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
36730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
36830711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
36930711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3702742Swollman
3712742Swollman# Mauritius
3722742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3732742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
37419878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3752742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3762742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3772742Swollman
3782742Swollman# Mayotte
3792742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
38014343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3812742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3822742Swollman
3832742Swollman# Morocco
38430711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
38520094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
38619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
3872742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
38819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
3892742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
39019878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
3912742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
39219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
3932742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
39419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
3952742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
39619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
3972742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
3982742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
39919878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4002742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
4012742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4022742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
40319878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
40419878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
4052742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
40619878Swollman# Western Sahara
40719878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
40830711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
40919878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
4108029Swollman
4112742Swollman# Mozambique
4122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4132742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
41430711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4152742Swollman
4162742Swollman# Namibia
417158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
418158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
41920094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
42020094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
42120094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4232742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4242742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
42530711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4262742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
42730711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
42830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
42930711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4302742Swollman
4312742Swollman# Niger
4322742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
43330711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
43430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
43530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
43630711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4372742Swollman
4382742Swollman# Nigeria
4392742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4402742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
44130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4422742Swollman
4432742Swollman# Reunion
4442742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
44514343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
44619878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
44743014Swollman#
44843014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
44943014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from
45058787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
45158787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
45258787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories.
45343014Swollman#
45443014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited
45543014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
45643014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
45743014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
45843014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
4592742Swollman
4602742Swollman# Rwanda
4612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4622742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
46330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4642742Swollman
4652742Swollman# St Helena
4662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4672742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
46830711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
4692742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
47014343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
47130711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
47230711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
47358787Sru#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
47458787Sru#		on GMT, says the CIA
47530711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
47614343Swollman
4772742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
4782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
48019878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
48130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4822742Swollman
4832742Swollman# Senegal
4842742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4852742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
48630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
48730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4882742Swollman
4892742Swollman# Seychelles
4902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4912742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
49219878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
49386222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
49486222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
49586222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
49686222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
49786222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
49886222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
4992742Swollman
5002742Swollman# Sierra Leone
5012742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
502158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
50330711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
50430711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
50530711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
50630711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
5072742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5082742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
50919878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
51030711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
51130711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5122742Swollman
5132742Swollman# Somalia
5142742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5152742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5162742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
51730711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5182742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5192742Swollman
5202742Swollman# South Africa
5212742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
52230711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5232742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5242742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5252742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
52630711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
52730711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
52830711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
52958787Sru# scientific station since 1947
5302742Swollman# no information
5312742Swollman
5322742Swollman# Sudan
53358787Sru#
53458787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
53558787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
53658787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
53758787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
53858787Sru# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
53958787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
54058787Sru#
5412742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
54219878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
54314343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
54419878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
54519878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5472742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
54858787Sru			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
54958787Sru			3:00	-	EAT
5502742Swollman
5512742Swollman# Swaziland
5522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
55430711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5552742Swollman
5562742Swollman# Tanzania
5572742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5582742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5592742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
56086222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5612742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5622742Swollman
5632742Swollman# Togo
5642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5652742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
56630711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5672742Swollman
5682742Swollman# Tunisia
569149514Swollman
570149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
571149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
572149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
573149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
574149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
575149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
576149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
577149514Swollman# Saturday."  (My translation)
578149514Swollman#
579149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
580149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
581149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
582149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
583149514Swollman# 1h standard time.
584158421Swollman#
585158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
586158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
587158421Swollman# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
588158421Swollman# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
589158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
590149514Swollman
5912742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
59219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
5932742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
59419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
5952742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
59619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
5972742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
59819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
5992742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
60019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
6012742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
60219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
6032742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
6042742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
60519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
6062742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
60719878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
6082742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
60919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
61020094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
61119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
61219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
613149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
614149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
615158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
616158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
617158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
618158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
619158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
6202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6212742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
62214343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
62319878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
6242742Swollman
6252742Swollman# Uganda
6262742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6272742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
6282742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
6292742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
63086222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
6312742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6322742Swollman
6332742Swollman# Zambia
6342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6352742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
63630711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6372742Swollman
6382742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6392742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6402742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
64130711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
642