africa revision 153761
1153761Swollman# @(#)africa	7.40
2153761Swollman# <pre>
367578Swollman
42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
72742Swollman
8149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
92742Swollman#
102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1158787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
1258787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
132742Swollman#
1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1720094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1920094Swollman#
2020094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
2120094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
2220094Swollman#
232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
262742Swollman#
2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
2914343Swollman#
3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that
3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
382742Swollman#
3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
442742Swollman#
4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4630711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4730711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4930711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5130711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5430711Swollman# until we get more information.
552742Swollman#
5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5730711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5830711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5986222Swollman#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6130711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
622742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6330711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
642742Swollman
652742Swollman# Algeria
662742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
682742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
732742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
752742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
772742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
7819878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
802742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
822742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
8914343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
912742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9214343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9319878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9419878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
952742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9619878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9719878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9819878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
9919878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
10019878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1012742Swollman
1022742Swollman# Angola
1032742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1042742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10586222Swollman			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
10630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1072742Swollman
1082742Swollman# Benin
1092742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
1102742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1112742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11230711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1142742Swollman
1152742Swollman# Botswana
1162742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1172742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
11830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
11930711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
12030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1212742Swollman
1222742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1232742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1242742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1262742Swollman
1272742Swollman# Burundi
1282742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1292742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
13030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1312742Swollman
1322742Swollman# Cameroon
1332742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
1342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1352742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1372742Swollman
1382742Swollman# Cape Verde
1392742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1402742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1412742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1422742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1432742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14419878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1452742Swollman
1462742Swollman# Central African Republic
1472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1482742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
14930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1502742Swollman
1512742Swollman# Chad
1522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15430711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15530711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1572742Swollman
1582742Swollman# Comoros
1592742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1602742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1612742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1622742Swollman
16330711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16530711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
16930711Swollman
17030711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17130711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1722742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1742742Swollman
1752742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1762742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1772742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
17830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1792742Swollman
1802742Swollman# Djibouti
1812742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1822742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1832742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1842742Swollman
1852742Swollman###############################################################################
1862742Swollman
1872742Swollman# Egypt
1882742Swollman
1892742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
19019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1912742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1932742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1952742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1962742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
19719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
19819878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
1992742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20119878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2022742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20330711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20519878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
20830711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20943014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
21043543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
21158787SruRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
21243543SwollmanRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
21320094Swollman
2142742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2152742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
21619878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2172742Swollman
2182742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2192742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2202742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
22130711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
22230711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2232742Swollman
2242742Swollman# Eritrea
2252742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2262742SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
22719878Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
22830711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2292742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2302742Swollman
2312742Swollman# Ethiopia
23230711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
23330711Swollman# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
23430711Swollman# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
23530711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2372742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
23830711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2392742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2402742Swollman
2412742Swollman# Gabon
2422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2432742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
24430711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2452742Swollman
2462742Swollman# Gambia
2472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2482742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
24919878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
25030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
25130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2522742Swollman
2532742Swollman# Ghana
2542742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2552742Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
25630711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
25730711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2582742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2592742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2602742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2612742Swollman
2622742Swollman# Guinea
2632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2642742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
26530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
26630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
26730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2682742Swollman
2692742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2702742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2712742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
27230711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
27330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2742742Swollman
2752742Swollman# Kenya
2762742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2772742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
2782742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
27930711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
28086222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
2812742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2822742Swollman
2832742Swollman# Lesotho
2842742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2852742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
28630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
2872742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
28830711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
2892742Swollman
2902742Swollman# Liberia
291149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
2922742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
29386222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
29414343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
29514343Swollman# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
29614343Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
29714343Swollman# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
2982742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2992742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3002742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
30119878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
30230711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3032742Swollman
3042742Swollman###############################################################################
3052742Swollman
3062742Swollman# Libya
3072742Swollman
3082742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
30919878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3102742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31119878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3122742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31319878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3142742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31519878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3162742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
31719878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
31819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3192742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
32019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
321149514SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
3222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3232742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
32419878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3252742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
32658787Sru			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
32758787Sru# The following entries are all from Shanks;
32858787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
32958787Sru			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
33058787Sru			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
33158787Sru			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
33243014Swollman			2:00	-	EET
3332742Swollman
3342742Swollman# Madagascar
3352742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3362742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3372742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3382742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3392742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3402742Swollman
3412742Swollman# Malawi
3422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3432742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
34430711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3452742Swollman
3462742Swollman# Mali
3472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3482742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
34930711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
35030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
35130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3522742Swollman
3532742Swollman# Mauritania
3542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3552742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
35630711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
35730711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
35830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3592742Swollman
3602742Swollman# Mauritius
3612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3622742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
36319878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3642742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3652742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3662742Swollman
3672742Swollman# Mayotte
3682742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
36914343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3702742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3712742Swollman
3722742Swollman# Morocco
37330711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
37420094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
37519878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
3762742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
37719878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
3782742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
37919878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
3802742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
38119878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
3822742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
38319878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
3842742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
38519878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
3862742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
3872742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
38819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
3892742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
3902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3912742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
39219878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
39319878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
3942742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
39519878Swollman# Western Sahara
39619878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
39730711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
39819878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
3998029Swollman
4002742Swollman# Mozambique
4012742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4022742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
40330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4042742Swollman
4052742Swollman# Namibia
40630711Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
40758787Sru# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
40820094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
40920094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
41020094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4112742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4122742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4132742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
41430711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4152742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
41630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
41730711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
41830711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4192742Swollman
4202742Swollman# Niger
4212742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
42230711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
42330711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
42430711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
42530711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4262742Swollman
4272742Swollman# Nigeria
4282742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4292742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
43030711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4312742Swollman
4322742Swollman# Reunion
4332742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
43414343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
43519878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
43643014Swollman#
43743014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
43843014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from
43958787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
44058787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
44158787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories.
44243014Swollman#
44343014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited
44443014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
44543014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
44643014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
44743014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
4482742Swollman
4492742Swollman# Rwanda
4502742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4512742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
45230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4532742Swollman
4542742Swollman# St Helena
4552742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4562742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
45730711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
4582742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
45914343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
46030711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
46130711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
46258787Sru#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
46358787Sru#		on GMT, says the CIA
46430711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
46514343Swollman
4662742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
4672742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4682742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
46919878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
47030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4712742Swollman
4722742Swollman# Senegal
4732742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4742742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
47530711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
47630711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4772742Swollman
4782742Swollman# Seychelles
4792742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4802742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
48119878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
48286222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
48386222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
48486222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
48586222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
48686222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
48786222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
4882742Swollman
4892742Swollman# Sierra Leone
4902742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
4912742Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
49230711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
49330711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
49430711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
49530711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
4962742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4972742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
49819878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
49930711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
50030711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5012742Swollman
5022742Swollman# Somalia
5032742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5042742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5052742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
50630711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5072742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5082742Swollman
5092742Swollman# South Africa
5102742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
51130711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5122742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5132742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5142742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
51530711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
51630711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
51730711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
51858787Sru# scientific station since 1947
5192742Swollman# no information
5202742Swollman
5212742Swollman# Sudan
52258787Sru#
52358787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
52458787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
52558787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
52658787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
52758787Sru# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
52858787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
52958787Sru#
5302742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
53119878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
53214343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
53319878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
53419878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5352742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5362742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
53758787Sru			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
53858787Sru			3:00	-	EAT
5392742Swollman
5402742Swollman# Swaziland
5412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5422742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
54330711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5442742Swollman
5452742Swollman# Tanzania
5462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5472742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5482742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
54986222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5502742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5512742Swollman
5522742Swollman# Togo
5532742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5542742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
55530711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5562742Swollman
5572742Swollman# Tunisia
558149514Swollman
559149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
560149514Swollman#
561149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
562149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
563149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
564149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
565149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
566149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
567149514Swollman# Saturday."  (My translation)
568149514Swollman#
569149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
570149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
571149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
572149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
573149514Swollman# 1h standard time.
574149514Swollman
5752742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
57619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
5772742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
57819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
5792742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
58019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
5812742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
58219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
5832742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
58419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
5852742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
58619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
5872742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
5882742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
58919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
5902742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
59119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
5922742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
59319878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
59420094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
59519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
59619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
597149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
598149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
59914343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
60014343Swollman# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
6012742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6022742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
60314343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
60419878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
6052742Swollman
6062742Swollman# Uganda
6072742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6082742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
6092742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
6102742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
61186222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
6122742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6132742Swollman
6142742Swollman# Zambia
6152742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6162742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
61730711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6182742Swollman
6192742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6212742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
62230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
623