README revision 141858
1# Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Sendmail, Inc. and its suppliers. 2# All rights reserved. 3# Copyright (c) 1983, 1995-1997 Eric P. Allman. All rights reserved. 4# Copyright (c) 1988 5# The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6# 7# By using this file, you agree to the terms and conditions set 8# forth in the LICENSE file which can be found at the top level of 9# the sendmail distribution. 10# 11# 12# $Id: README,v 8.385 2004/11/25 06:52:06 msk Exp $ 13# 14 15This directory contains the source files for sendmail(TM). 16 17 ******************************************************************* 18 !! Read sendmail/SECURITY for important installation information !! 19 ******************************************************************* 20 21 ********************************************************** 22 ** Read below for more details on building sendmail. ** 23 ********************************************************** 24 25************************************************************************** 26** IMPORTANT: Read the appropriate paragraphs in the section on ** 27** ``Operating System and Compile Quirks''. ** 28************************************************************************** 29 30For detailed instructions, please read the document ../doc/op/op.me: 31 32 cd ../doc/op ; make op.ps op.txt 33 34Sendmail is a trademark of Sendmail, Inc. 35 36 37+-------------------+ 38| BUILDING SENDMAIL | 39+-------------------+ 40 41By far, the easiest way to compile sendmail is to use the "Build" 42script: 43 44 sh Build 45 46This uses the "uname" command to figure out what architecture you are 47on and creates a proper Makefile accordingly. It also creates a 48subdirectory per object format, so that multiarchitecture support is 49easy. In general this should be all you need. IRIX 6.x users should 50read the note below in the OPERATING SYSTEM AND COMPILE QUIRKS section. 51 52If you need to look at other include or library directories, use the 53-I or -L flags on the command line, e.g., 54 55 sh Build -I/usr/sww/include -L/usr/sww/lib 56 57It's also possible to create local site configuration in the file 58site.config.m4 (or another file settable with the -f flag). This 59file contains M4 definitions for various compilation values; the 60most useful are: 61 62confMAPDEF -D flags to specify database types to be included 63 (see below) 64confENVDEF -D flags to specify other environment information 65confINCDIRS -I flags for finding include files during compilation 66confLIBDIRS -L flags for finding libraries during linking 67confLIBS -l flags for selecting libraries during linking 68confLDOPTS other ld(1) linker options 69 70Others can be found by examining Makefile.m4. Please read 71../devtools/README for more information about the site.config.m4 72file. 73 74You can recompile from scratch using the -c flag with the Build 75command. This removes the existing compilation directory for the 76current platform and builds a new one. The -c flag must also 77be used if any site.*.m4 file in devtools/Site/ is changed. 78 79Porting to a new Unix-based system should be a matter of creating 80an appropriate configuration file in the devtools/OS/ directory. 81 82 83+----------------------+ 84| DATABASE DEFINITIONS | 85+----------------------+ 86 87There are several database formats that can be used for the alias files 88and for general maps. When used for alias files they interact in an 89attempt to be backward compatible. 90 91The options are: 92 93NEWDB The new Berkeley DB package. Some systems (e.g., BSD/OS and 94 Digital UNIX 4.0) have some version of this package 95 pre-installed. If your system does not have Berkeley DB 96 pre-installed, or the version installed is not version 2.0 97 or greater (e.g., is Berkeley DB 1.85 or 1.86), get the 98 current version from http://www.sleepycat.com/. DO NOT 99 use a version from any of the University of California, 100 Berkeley "Net" or other distributions. If you are still 101 running BSD/386 1.x, you will need to upgrade the included 102 Berkeley DB library to a current version. NEWDB is included 103 automatically if the Build script can find a library named 104 libdb.a or libdb.so. 105 See also OPERATING SYSTEM AND COMPILE QUIRKS about Berkeley 106 DB versions, e.g., DB 4.1.x. 107NDBM The older NDBM implementation -- the very old V7 DBM 108 implementation is no longer supported. 109NIS Network Information Services. To use this you must have 110 NIS support on your system. 111NISPLUS NIS+ (the revised NIS released with Solaris 2). You must 112 have NIS+ support on your system to use this flag. 113HESIOD Support for Hesiod (from the DEC/Athena distribution). You 114 must already have Hesiod support on your system for this to 115 work. You may be able to get this to work with the MIT/Athena 116 version of Hesiod, but that's likely to be a lot of work. 117 BIND 8.X also includes Hesiod support. 118LDAPMAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol support. You will 119 have to install the UMich or OpenLDAP 120 (http://www.openldap.org/) ldap and lber libraries to use 121 this flag. 122MAP_REGEX Regular Expression support. You will need to use an 123 operating system which comes with the POSIX regex() 124 routines or install a regexp library such as libregex from 125 the Free Software Foundation. 126DNSMAP DNS map support. Requires NAMED_BIND. 127PH_MAP PH map support. You will need the libphclient library from 128 the nph package (http://www-dev.cites.uiuc.edu/ph/nph/). 129MAP_NSD nsd map support (IRIX 6.5 and later). 130SOCKETMAP Support for a trivial query protocol over UNIX domain or TCP 131 sockets. 132 133>>> NOTE WELL for NEWDB support: If you want to get ndbm support, for 134>>> Berkeley DB versions under 2.0, it is CRITICAL that you remove 135>>> ndbm.o from libdb.a before you install it and DO NOT install ndbm.h; 136>>> for Berkeley DB versions 2.0 through 2.3.14, remove dbm.o from libdb.a 137>>> before you install it. If you don't delete these, there is absolutely 138>>> no point to including -DNDBM, since it will just get you another 139>>> (inferior) API to the same format database. These files OVERRIDE 140>>> calls to ndbm routines -- in particular, if you leave ndbm.h in, 141>>> you can find yourself using the new db package even if you don't 142>>> define NEWDB. Berkeley DB versions later than 2.3.14 do not need 143>>> to be modified. Please also consult the README in the top level 144>>> directory of the sendmail distribution for other important information. 145>>> 146>>> Further note: DO NOT remove your existing /usr/include/ndbm.h -- 147>>> you need that one. But do not install an updated ndbm.h in 148>>> /usr/include, /usr/local/include, or anywhere else. 149 150If NEWDB and NDBM are defined (but not NIS), then sendmail will read 151NDBM format alias files, but the next time a newaliases is run the 152format will be converted to NEWDB; that format will be used forever 153more. This is intended as a transition feature. 154 155If NEWDB, NDBM, and NIS are all defined and the name of the file includes 156the string "/yp/", sendmail will rebuild BOTH the NEWDB and NDBM format 157alias files. However, it will only read the NEWDB file; the NDBM format 158file is used only by the NIS subsystem. This is needed because the NIS 159maps on an NIS server are built directly from the NDBM files. 160 161If NDBM and NIS are defined (regardless of the definition of NEWDB), 162and the filename includes the string "/yp/", sendmail adds the special 163tokens "YP_LAST_MODIFIED" and "YP_MASTER_NAME", both of which are 164required if the NDBM file is to be used as an NIS map. 165 166All of these flags are normally defined in a confMAPDEF setting in your 167site.config.m4. 168 169If you define NEWDB or HESIOD you get the User Database (USERDB) 170automatically. Generally you do want to have NEWDB for it to do 171anything interesting. See above for getting the Berkeley DB 172package (i.e., NEWDB). There is no separate "user database" 173package -- don't bother searching for it on the net. 174 175Hesiod and LDAP require libraries that may not be installed with your 176system. These are outside of my ability to provide support. See the 177"Quirks" section for more information. 178 179The regex map can be used to see if an address matches a certain regular 180expression. For example, all-numerics local parts are common spam 181addresses, so "^[0-9]+$" would match this. By using such a map in a 182check_* rule-set, you can block a certain range of addresses that would 183otherwise be considered valid. 184 185The socket map uses a simple request/reply protocol over TCP or 186UNIX domain sockets to query an external server. Both requests and 187replies are text based and encoded as netstrings. The socket map 188uses the same syntax as milters the specify the remote endpoint, 189e.g.: 190 191Ksocket mySocketMap inet:12345@127.0.0.1 192 193See doc/op/op.me for details. 194 195+---------------+ 196| COMPILE FLAGS | 197+---------------+ 198 199Wherever possible, I try to make sendmail pull in the correct 200compilation options needed to compile on various environments based on 201automatically defined symbols. Some machines don't seem to have useful 202symbols available, requiring that a compilation flag be defined in 203the Makefile; see the devtools/OS subdirectory for the supported 204architectures. 205 206If you are a system to which sendmail has already been ported you 207should not have to touch the following symbols. But if you are porting, 208you may have to tweak the following compilation flags in conf.h in order 209to get it to compile and link properly: 210 211SYSTEM5 Adjust for System V (not necessarily Release 4). 212SYS5SIGNALS Use System V signal semantics -- the signal handler 213 is automatically dropped when the signal is caught. 214 If this is not set, use POSIX/BSD semantics, where the 215 signal handler stays in force until an exec or an 216 explicit delete. Implied by SYSTEM5. 217SYS5SETPGRP Use System V setpgrp() semantics. Implied by SYSTEM5. 218HASNICE Define this to zero if you lack the nice(2) system call. 219HASRRESVPORT Define this to zero if you lack the rresvport(3) system call. 220HASFCHMOD Define this to one if you have the fchmod(2) system call. 221 This improves security. 222HASFCHOWN Define this to one if you have the fchown(2) system call. 223 This is required for the TrustedUser option if sendmail 224 must rebuild an (alias) map. 225HASFLOCK Set this if you prefer to use the flock(2) system call 226 rather than using fcntl-based locking. Fcntl locking 227 has some semantic gotchas, but many vendor systems 228 also interface it to lockd(8) to do NFS-style locking. 229 Unfortunately, may vendors implementations of fcntl locking 230 is just plain broken (e.g., locks are never released, 231 causing your sendmail to deadlock; when the kernel runs 232 out of locks your system crashes). For this reason, I 233 recommend always defining this unless you are absolutely 234 certain that your fcntl locking implementation really works. 235HASUNAME Set if you have the "uname" system call. Implied by 236 SYSTEM5. 237HASUNSETENV Define this if your system library has the "unsetenv" 238 subroutine. 239HASSETSID Define this if you have the setsid(2) system call. This 240 is implied if your system appears to be POSIX compliant. 241HASINITGROUPS Define this if you have the initgroups(3) routine. 242HASSETVBUF Define this if you have the setvbuf(3) library call. 243 If you don't, setlinebuf will be used instead. This 244 defaults on if your compiler defines __STDC__. 245HASSETREUID Define this if you have setreuid(2) ***AND*** root can 246 use setreuid to change to an arbitrary user. This second 247 condition is not satisfied on AIX 3.x. You may find that 248 your system has setresuid(2), (for example, on HP-UX) in 249 which case you will also have to #define setreuid(r, e) 250 to be the appropriate call. Some systems (such as Solaris) 251 have a compatibility routine that doesn't work properly, 252 but may have "saved user ids" properly implemented so you 253 can ``#define setreuid(r, e) seteuid(e)'' and have it work. 254 The important thing is that you have a call that will set 255 the effective uid independently of the real or saved uid 256 and be able to set the effective uid back again when done. 257 There's a test program in ../test/t_setreuid.c that will 258 try things on your system. Setting this improves the 259 security, since sendmail doesn't have to read .forward 260 and :include: files as root. There are certain attacks 261 that may be unpreventable without this call. 262USESETEUID Define this to 1 if you have a seteuid(2) system call that 263 will allow root to set only the effective user id to an 264 arbitrary value ***AND*** you have saved user ids. This is 265 preferable to HASSETREUID if these conditions are fulfilled. 266 These are the semantics of the to-be-released revision of 267 Posix.1. The test program ../test/t_seteuid.c will try 268 this out on your system. If you define both HASSETREUID 269 and USESETEUID, the former is ignored. 270HASSETEGID Define this if you have setegid(2) and it can be 271 used to set the saved gid. Please run t_dropgid in 272 test/ if you are not sure whether the call works. 273HASSETREGID Define this if you have setregid(2) and it can be 274 used to set the saved gid. Please run t_dropgid in 275 test/ if you are not sure whether the call works. 276HASSETRESGID Define this if you have setresgid(2) and it can be 277 used to set the saved gid. Please run t_dropgid in 278 test/ if you are not sure whether the call works. 279HASLSTAT Define this if you have symbolic links (and thus the 280 lstat(2) system call). This improves security. Unlike 281 most other options, this one is on by default, so you 282 need to #undef it in conf.h if you don't have symbolic 283 links (these days everyone does). 284HASSETRLIMIT Define this to 1 if you have the setrlimit(2) syscall. 285 You can define it to 0 to force it off. It is assumed 286 if you are running a BSD-like system. 287HASULIMIT Define this if you have the ulimit(2) syscall (System V 288 style systems). HASSETRLIMIT overrides, as it is more 289 general. 290HASWAITPID Define this if you have the waitpid(2) syscall. 291HASGETDTABLESIZE 292 Define this if you have the getdtablesize(2) syscall. 293HAS_ST_GEN Define this to 1 if your system has the st_gen field in 294 the stat structure (see stat(2)). 295HASSRANDOMDEV Define this if your system has the srandomdev(3) function 296 call. 297HASURANDOMDEV Define this if your system has /dev/urandom(4). 298HASSTRERROR Define this if you have the libc strerror(3) function (which 299 should be declared in <errno.h>), and it should be used 300 instead of sys_errlist. 301HASCLOSEFROM Define this if your system has closefrom(3). 302HASFDWALK Define this if your system has fdwalk(3). 303SM_CONF_GETOPT Define this as 0 if you need a reimplementation of getopt(3). 304 On some systems, getopt does very odd things if called 305 to scan the arguments twice. This flag will ask sendmail 306 to compile in a local version of getopt that works 307 properly. You may also need this if you build with 308 another library that introduces a non-standard getopt(3). 309NEEDSTRTOL Define this if your standard C library does not define 310 strtol(3). This will compile in a local version. 311NEEDFSYNC Define this if your standard C library does not define 312 fsync(2). This will try to simulate the operation using 313 fcntl(2); if that is not available it does nothing, which 314 isn't great, but at least it compiles and runs. 315HASGETUSERSHELL Define this to 1 if you have getusershell(3) in your 316 standard C library. If this is not defined, or is defined 317 to be 0, sendmail will scan the /etc/shells file (no 318 NIS-style support, defaults to /bin/sh and /bin/csh if 319 that file does not exist) to get a list of unrestricted 320 user shells. This is used to determine whether users 321 are allowed to forward their mail to a program or a file. 322NEEDPUTENV Define this if your system needs am emulation of the 323 putenv(3) call. Define to 1 to implement it in terms 324 of setenv(3) or to 2 to do it in terms of primitives. 325NOFTRUNCATE Define this if you don't have the ftruncate(2) syscall. 326 If you don't have this system call, there is an unavoidable 327 race condition that occurs when creating alias databases. 328GIDSET_T The type of entries in a gidset passed as the second 329 argument to getgroups(2). Historically this has been an 330 int, so this is the default, but some systems (such as 331 IRIX) pass it as a gid_t, which is an unsigned short. 332 This will make a difference, so it is important to get 333 this right! However, it is only an issue if you have 334 group sets. 335SLEEP_T The type returned by the system sleep() function. 336 Defaults to "unsigned int". Don't worry about this 337 if you don't have compilation problems. 338ARBPTR_T The type of an arbitrary pointer -- defaults to "void *". 339 If you are an very old compiler you may need to define 340 this to be "char *". 341SOCKADDR_LEN_T The type used for the third parameter to accept(2), 342 getsockname(2), and getpeername(2), representing the 343 length of a struct sockaddr. Defaults to int. 344SOCKOPT_LEN_T The type used for the fifth parameter to getsockopt(2) 345 and setsockopt(2), representing the length of the option 346 buffer. Defaults to int. 347LA_TYPE The type of load average your kernel supports. These 348 can be one of: 349 LA_ZERO (1) -- it always returns the load average as 350 "zero" (and does so on all architectures). 351 LA_INT (2) to read /dev/kmem for the symbol avenrun and 352 interpret as a long integer. 353 LA_FLOAT (3) same, but interpret the result as a floating 354 point number. 355 LA_SHORT (6) to interpret as a short integer. 356 LA_SUBR (4) if you have the getloadavg(3) routine in your 357 system library. 358 LA_MACH (5) to use MACH-style load averages (calls 359 processor_set_info()), 360 LA_PROCSTR (7) to read /proc/loadavg and interpret it 361 as a string representing a floating-point 362 number (Linux-style). 363 LA_READKSYM (8) is an implementation suitable for some 364 versions of SVr4 that uses the MIOC_READKSYM ioctl 365 call to read /dev/kmem. 366 LA_DGUX (9) is a special implementation for DG/UX that uses 367 the dg_sys_info system call. 368 LA_HPUX (10) is an HP-UX specific version that uses the 369 pstat_getdynamic system call. 370 LA_IRIX6 (11) is an IRIX 6.x specific version that adapts 371 to 32 or 64 bit kernels; it is otherwise very similar 372 to LA_INT. 373 LA_KSTAT (12) uses the (Solaris-specific) kstat(3k) 374 implementation. 375 LA_DEVSHORT (13) reads a short from a system file (default: 376 /dev/table/avenrun) and scales it in the same manner 377 as LA_SHORT. 378 LA_INT, LA_SHORT, LA_FLOAT, and LA_READKSYM have several 379 other parameters that they try to divine: the name of your 380 kernel, the name of the variable in the kernel to examine, 381 the number of bits of precision in a fixed point load average, 382 and so forth. LA_DEVSHORT uses _PATH_AVENRUN to find the 383 device to be read to find the load average. 384 In desperation, use LA_ZERO. The actual code is in 385 conf.c -- it can be tweaked if you are brave. 386FSHIFT For LA_INT, LA_SHORT, and LA_READKSYM, this is the number 387 of bits of load average after the binary point -- i.e., 388 the number of bits to shift right in order to scale the 389 integer to get the true integer load average. Defaults to 8. 390_PATH_UNIX The path to your kernel. Needed only for LA_INT, LA_SHORT, 391 and LA_FLOAT. Defaults to "/unix" on System V, "/vmunix" 392 everywhere else. 393LA_AVENRUN For LA_INT, LA_SHORT, and LA_FLOAT, the name of the kernel 394 variable that holds the load average. Defaults to "avenrun" 395 on System V, "_avenrun" everywhere else. 396SFS_TYPE Encodes how your kernel can locate the amount of free 397 space on a disk partition. This can be set to SFS_NONE 398 (0) if you have no way of getting this information, 399 SFS_USTAT (1) if you have the ustat(2) system call, 400 SFS_4ARGS (2) if you have a four-argument statfs(2) 401 system call (and the include file is <sys/statfs.h>), 402 SFS_VFS (3), SFS_MOUNT (4), SFS_STATFS (5) if you have 403 the two-argument statfs(2) system call with includes in 404 <sys/vfs.h>, <sys/mount.h>, or <sys/statfs.h> respectively, 405 or SFS_STATVFS (6) if you have the two-argument statvfs(2) 406 call. The default if nothing is defined is SFS_NONE. 407SFS_BAVAIL with SFS_4ARGS you can also set SFS_BAVAIL to the field name 408 in the statfs structure that holds the useful information; 409 this defaults to f_bavail. 410SPT_TYPE Encodes how your system can display what a process is doing 411 on a ps(1) command (SPT stands for Set Process Title). Can 412 be set to: 413 SPT_NONE (0) -- Don't try to set the process title at all. 414 SPT_REUSEARGV (1) -- Pad out your argv with the information; 415 this is the default if none specified. 416 SPT_BUILTIN (2) -- The system library has setproctitle. 417 SPT_PSTAT (3) -- Use the PSTAT_SETCMD option to pstat(2) 418 to set the process title; this is used by HP-UX. 419 SPT_PSSTRINGS (4) -- Use the magic PS_STRINGS pointer (4.4BSD). 420 SPT_SYSMIPS (5) -- Use sysmips() supported by NEWS-OS 6. 421 SPT_SCO (6) -- Write kernel u. area. 422 SPT_CHANGEARGV (7) -- Write pointers to our own strings into 423 the existing argv vector. 424SPT_PADCHAR Character used to pad the process title; if undefined, 425 the space character (0x20) is used. This is ignored if 426 SPT_TYPE != SPT_REUSEARGV 427ERRLIST_PREDEFINED 428 If set, assumes that some header file defines sys_errlist. 429 This may be needed if you get type conflicts on this 430 variable -- otherwise don't worry about it. 431WAITUNION The wait(2) routine takes a "union wait" argument instead 432 of an integer argument. This is for compatibility with 433 old versions of BSD. 434SCANF You can set this to extend the F command to accept a 435 scanf string -- this gives you a primitive parser for 436 class definitions -- BUT it can make you vulnerable to 437 core dumps if the target file is poorly formed. 438SYSLOG_BUFSIZE You can define this to be the size of the buffer that 439 syslog accepts. If it is not defined, it assumes a 440 1024-byte buffer. If the buffer is very small (under 441 256 bytes) the log message format changes -- each 442 e-mail message will log many more messages, since it 443 will log each piece of information as a separate line 444 in syslog. 445BROKEN_RES_SEARCH 446 On Ultrix (and maybe other systems?) if you use the 447 res_search routine with an unknown host name, it returns 448 -1 but sets h_errno to 0 instead of HOST_NOT_FOUND. If 449 you set this, sendmail considers 0 to be the same as 450 HOST_NOT_FOUND. 451NAMELISTMASK If defined, values returned by nlist(3) are masked 452 against this value before use -- a common value is 453 0x7fffffff to strip off the top bit. 454BSD4_4_SOCKADDR If defined, socket addresses have an sa_len field that 455 defines the length of this address. 456SAFENFSPATHCONF Set this to 1 if and only if you have verified that a 457 pathconf(2) call with _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED argument on an 458 NFS filesystem where the underlying system allows users to 459 give away files to other users returns <= 0. Be sure you 460 try both on NFS V2 and V3. Some systems assume that their 461 local policy apply to NFS servers -- this is a bad 462 assumption! The test/t_pathconf.c program will try this 463 for you -- you have to run it in a directory that is 464 mounted from a server that allows file giveaway. 465SIOCGIFCONF_IS_BROKEN 466 Set this if your system has an SIOCGIFCONF ioctl defined, 467 but it doesn't behave the same way as "most" systems (BSD, 468 Solaris, SunOS, HP-UX, etc.) 469SIOCGIFNUM_IS_BROKEN 470 Set this if your system has an SIOCGIFNUM ioctl defined, 471 but it doesn't behave the same way as "most" systems 472 (Solaris, HP-UX). 473FAST_PID_RECYCLE 474 Set this if your system can reuse the same PID in the same 475 second. 476SO_REUSEADDR_IS_BROKEN 477 Set this if your system has a setsockopt() SO_REUSEADDR 478 flag but doesn't pay attention to it when trying to bind a 479 socket to a recently closed port. 480NEEDSGETIPNODE Set this if your system supports IPv6 but doesn't include 481 the getipnodeby{name,addr}() functions. Set automatically 482 for Linux's glibc. 483PIPELINING Support SMTP PIPELINING (set by default). 484USING_NETSCAPE_LDAP 485 Deprecated in favor of SM_CONF_LDAP_MEMFREE. See 486 libsm/README. 487NEEDLINK Set this if your system doesn't have a link() call. It 488 will create a copy of the file instead of a hardlink. 489USE_ENVIRON Set this to 1 to access process environment variables from 490 the external variable environ instead of the third 491 parameter of main(). 492USE_DOUBLE_FORK By default this is on (1). Set it to 0 to suppress the 493 extra fork() used to avoid intermediate zombies. 494ALLOW_255 Do not convert (char)0xff to (char)0x7f in headers etc. 495 This can also be done at runtime with the command line 496 option -d82.101. 497NEEDINTERRNO Set this if <errno.h> does not declare errno, i.e., if an 498 application needs to use 499 extern int errno; 500USE_TTYPATH Set this to 1 to enable ErrorMode=write. 501USESYSCTL Use sysctl(3) to determine the number of CPUs in a system. 502 503 504+-----------------------+ 505| COMPILE-TIME FEATURES | 506+-----------------------+ 507 508There are a bunch of features that you can decide to compile in, such 509as selecting various database packages and special protocol support. 510Several are assumed based on other compilation flags -- if you want to 511"un-assume" something, you probably need to edit conf.h. Compilation 512flags that add support for special features include: 513 514NDBM Include support for "new" DBM library for aliases and maps. 515 Normally defined in the Makefile. 516NEWDB Include support for Berkeley DB package (hash & btree) 517 for aliases and maps. Normally defined in the Makefile. 518 If the version of NEWDB you have is the old one that does 519 not include the "fd" call (this call was added in version 520 1.5 of the Berkeley DB code), you must upgrade to the 521 current version of Berkeley DB. 522NIS Define this to get NIS (YP) support for aliases and maps. 523 Normally defined in the Makefile. 524NISPLUS Define this to get NIS+ support for aliases and maps. 525 Normally defined in the Makefile. 526HESIOD Define this to get Hesiod support for aliases and maps. 527 Normally defined in the Makefile. 528NETINFO Define this to get NeXT NetInfo support for aliases and maps. 529 Normally defined in the Makefile. 530LDAPMAP Define this to get LDAP support for maps. 531PH_MAP Define this to get PH support for maps. 532MAP_NSD Define this to get nsd support for maps. 533USERDB Define this to 1 to include support for the User Information 534 Database. Implied by NEWDB or HESIOD. You can use 535 -DUSERDB=0 to explicitly turn it off. 536IDENTPROTO Define this as 1 to get IDENT (RFC 1413) protocol support. 537 This is assumed unless you are running on Ultrix or 538 HP-UX, both of which have a problem in the UDP 539 implementation. You can define it to be 0 to explicitly 540 turn off IDENT protocol support. If defined off, the code 541 is actually still compiled in, but it defaults off; you 542 can turn it on by setting the IDENT timeout in the 543 configuration file. 544IP_SRCROUTE Define this to 1 to get IP source routing information 545 displayed in the Received: header. This is assumed on 546 most systems, but some (e.g., Ultrix) apparently have a 547 broken version of getsockopt that doesn't properly 548 support the IP_OPTIONS call. You probably want this if 549 your OS can cope with it. Symptoms of failure will be that 550 it won't compile properly (that is, no support for fetching 551 IP_OPTIONs), or it compiles but source-routed TCP connections 552 either refuse to open or open and hang for no apparent reason. 553 Ultrix and AIX3 are known to fail this way. 554LOG Set this to get syslog(3) support. Defined by default 555 in conf.h. You want this if at all possible. 556NETINET Set this to get TCP/IP support. Defined by default 557 in conf.h. You probably want this. 558NETINET6 Set this to get IPv6 support. Other configuration may 559 be needed in conf.h for your particular operating system. 560 Also, DaemonPortOptions must be set appropriately for 561 sendmail to accept IPv6 connections. 562NETISO Define this to get ISO networking support. 563NETUNIX Define this to get Unix domain networking support. Defined 564 by default. A few bizarre systems (SCO, ISC, Altos) don't 565 support this networking domain. 566NETNS Define this to get NS networking support. 567NETX25 Define this to get X.25 networking support. 568NAMED_BIND If non-zero, include DNS (name daemon) support, including 569 MX support. The specs say you must use this if you run 570 SMTP. You don't have to be running a name server daemon 571 on your machine to need this -- any use of the DNS resolver, 572 including remote access to another machine, requires this 573 option. Defined by default in conf.h. Define it to zero 574 ONLY on machines that do not use DNS in any way. 575MATCHGECOS Permit fuzzy matching of user names against the full 576 name (GECOS) field in the /etc/passwd file. This should 577 probably be on, since you can disable it from the config 578 file if you want to. Defined by default in conf.h. 579MIME8TO7 If non-zero, include 8 to 7 bit MIME conversions. This 580 also controls advertisement of 8BITMIME in the ESMTP 581 startup dialogue. 582MIME7TO8_OLD If 0 then use an algorithm for MIME 7-bit quoted-printable 583 or base64 encoding to 8-bit text that has been introduced 584 in 8.12.3. There are some examples where that code fails, 585 but the old code works. If you have an example of improper 586 7 to 8 bit conversion please send it to sendmail-bugs. 587MIME7TO8 If non-zero, include 7 to 8 bit MIME conversions. 588HES_GETMAILHOST Define this to 1 if you are using Hesiod with the 589 hes_getmailhost() routine. This is included with the MIT 590 Hesiod distribution, but not with the DEC Hesiod distribution. 591XDEBUG Do additional internal checking. These don't cost too 592 much; you might as well leave this on. 593TCPWRAPPERS Turns on support for the TCP wrappers library (-lwrap). 594 See below for further information. 595SECUREWARE Enable calls to the SecureWare luid enabling/changing routines. 596 SecureWare is a C2 security package added to several UNIX's 597 (notably ConvexOS) to get a C2 Secure system. This 598 option causes mail delivery to be done with the luid of the 599 recipient. 600SHARE_V1 Support for the fair share scheduler, version 1. Setting to 601 1 causes final delivery to be done using the recipients 602 resource limitations. So far as I know, this is only 603 supported on ConvexOS. 604SASL Enables SMTP AUTH (RFC 2554). This requires the Cyrus SASL 605 library (ftp://ftp.andrew.cmu.edu/pub/cyrus-mail/). Please 606 install at least version 1.5.13. See below for further 607 information: SASL COMPILATION AND CONFIGURATION. If your 608 SASL library is older than 1.5.10, you have to set this 609 to its version number using a simple conversion: a.b.c 610 -> c + b*100 + a*10000, e.g. for 1.5.9 define SASL=10509. 611 Note: Using an older version than 1.5.5 of Cyrus SASL is 612 not supported. Starting with version 1.5.10, setting SASL=1 613 is sufficient. Any value other than 1 (or 0) will be 614 compared with the actual version found and if there is a 615 mismatch, compilation will fail. 616EGD Define this if your system has EGD installed, see 617 http://egd.sourceforge.net/ . It should be used to 618 seed the PRNG for STARTTLS if HASURANDOMDEV is not defined. 619STARTTLS Enables SMTP STARTTLS (RFC 2487). This requires OpenSSL 620 (http://www.OpenSSL.org/); use OpenSSL 0.9.5a or later 621 (if compatible with this version), do not use 0.9.3. 622 See STARTTLS COMPILATION AND CONFIGURATION for further 623 information. 624TLS_NO_RSA Turn off support for RSA algorithms in STARTTLS. 625MILTER Turn on support for external filters using the Milter API; 626 this option is set by default, to turn it off use 627 APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DMILTER=0') 628 in devtools/Site/site.config.m4 (see devtools/README). 629 See libmilter/README for more information about milter. 630REQUIRES_DIR_FSYNC Turn on support for file systems that require to 631 call fsync() for a directory if the meta-data in it has 632 been changed. This should be turned on at least for older 633 versions of ReiserFS; it is enabled by default for Linux. 634 According to some information this flag is not needed 635 anymore for kernel 2.4.16 and newer. We would appreciate 636 feedback about the semantics of the various file systems 637 available for Linux. 638 An alternative to this compile time flag is to mount the 639 queue directory without the -async option, or using 640 chattr +S on Linux. 641DBMMODE The default file permissions to use when creating new 642 database files for maps and aliases. Defaults to 0640. 643 644Generic notice: If you enable a compile time option that needs 645libraries or include files that don't come with sendmail or are 646installed in a location that your C compiler doesn't use by default 647you should set confINCDIRS and confLIBDIRS as explained in the 648first section: BUILDING SENDMAIL. 649 650 651+---------------------+ 652| DNS/RESOLVER ISSUES | 653+---------------------+ 654 655Many systems have old versions of the resolver library. At a minimum, 656you should be running BIND 4.8.3; older versions may compile, but they 657have known bugs that should give you pause. 658 659Common problems in old versions include "undefined" errors for 660dn_skipname. 661 662Some people have had a problem with BIND 4.9; it uses some routines 663that it expects to be externally defined such as strerror(). It may 664help to link with "-l44bsd" to solve this problem. This has apparently 665been fixed in later versions of BIND, starting around 4.9.3. In other 666words, if you use 4.9.0 through 4.9.2, you need -l44bsd; for earlier or 667later versions, you do not. 668 669!PLEASE! be sure to link with the same version of the resolver as 670the header files you used -- some people have used the 4.9 headers 671and linked with BIND 4.8 or vice versa, and it doesn't work. 672Unfortunately, it doesn't fail in an obvious way -- things just 673subtly don't work. 674 675WILDCARD MX RECORDS ARE A BAD IDEA! The only situation in which they 676work reliably is if you have two versions of DNS, one in the real world 677which has a wildcard pointing to your firewall, and a completely 678different version of the database internally that does not include 679wildcard MX records that match your domain. ANYTHING ELSE WILL GIVE 680YOU HEADACHES! 681 682When attempting to canonify a hostname, some broken name servers will 683return SERVFAIL (a temporary failure) on T_AAAA (IPv6) lookups. If you 684want to excuse this behavior, include WorkAroundBrokenAAAA in 685ResolverOptions. However, instead, we recommend catching the problem and 686reporting it to the name server administrator so we can rid the world of 687broken name servers. 688 689 690+----------------------------------------+ 691| STARTTLS COMPILATION AND CONFIGURATION | 692+----------------------------------------+ 693 694Please read the documentation accompanying the OpenSSL library. You 695have to compile and install the OpenSSL libraries before you can compile 696sendmail. See devtools/README how to set the correct compile time 697parameters; you should at least set the following variables: 698 699APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DSTARTTLS') 700APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_LIBS', `-lssl -lcrypto') 701 702If you have installed the OpenSSL libraries and include files in 703a location that your C compiler doesn't use by default you should 704set confINCDIRS and confLIBDIRS as explained in the first section: 705BUILDING SENDMAIL. 706 707Configuration information can be found in doc/op/op.me (required 708certificates) and cf/README (how to tell sendmail about certificates). 709 710To perform an initial test, connect to your sendmail daemon 711(telnet localhost 25) and issue a EHLO localhost and see whether 712250-STARTTLS 713is in the response. If it isn't, run the daemon with 714-O LogLevel=14 715and try again. Then take a look at the logfile and see whether 716there are any problems listed about permissions (unsafe files) 717or the validity of X.509 certificates. 718 719From: Garrett Wollman <wollman@lcs.mit.edu> 720 721 If your certificate authority is hierarchical, and you only include 722 the top-level CA certificate in the CACertFile file, some mail clients 723 may be unable to infer the proper certificate chain when selecting a 724 client certificate. Including the bottom-level CA certificate(s) in 725 the CACertFile file will allow these clients to work properly. This 726 is not necessary if you are not using client certificates for 727 authentication, or if all your clients are running Sendmail or other 728 programs using the OpenSSL library (which get it right automatically). 729 In addition, some mail clients are totally incapable of using 730 certificate authentication -- even some of those which already support 731 SSL/TLS for confidentiality. 732 733Further information can be found via: 734http://www.sendmail.org/tips/ 735 736 737+------------------------------------+ 738| SASL COMPILATION AND CONFIGURATION | 739+------------------------------------+ 740 741Please read the documentation accompanying the Cyrus SASL library 742(INSTALL and README). If you use Berkeley DB for Cyrus SASL then 743you must compile sendmail with the same version of Berkeley DB. 744See devtools/README for how to set the correct compile time parameters; 745you should at least set the following variables: 746 747APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DSASL') 748APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_LIBS', `-lsasl') 749 750If you have installed the Cyrus SASL library and include files in 751a location that your C compiler doesn't use by default you should 752set confINCDIRS and confLIBDIRS as explained in the first section: 753BUILDING SENDMAIL. 754 755You have to select and install authentication mechanisms and tell 756sendmail where to find the sasl library and the include files (see 757devtools/README for the parameters to set). Set up the required 758users and passwords as explained in the SASL documentation. See 759also cf/README for authentication related options (especially 760DefaultAuthInfo if you want authentication between MTAs). 761 762To perform an initial test, connect to your sendmail daemon 763(telnet localhost 25) and issue a EHLO localhost and see whether 764250-AUTH .... 765is in the response. If it isn't, run the daemon with 766-O LogLevel=14 767and try again. Then take a look at the logfile and see whether 768there are any security related problems listed (unsafe files). 769 770Further information can be found via: 771http://www.sendmail.org/tips/ 772 773 774+-------------------------------------+ 775| OPERATING SYSTEM AND COMPILE QUIRKS | 776+-------------------------------------+ 777 778GCC problems 779 When compiling with "gcc -O -Wall" specify "-DSM_OMIT_BOGUS_WARNINGS" 780 too (see include/sm/cdefs.h for more info). 781 782 ***************************************************************** 783 ** IMPORTANT: DO NOT USE OPTIMIZATION (``-O'') IF YOU ARE ** 784 ** RUNNING GCC 2.4.x or 2.5.x. THERE IS A BUG IN THE GCC ** 785 ** OPTIMIZER THAT CAUSES SENDMAIL COMPILES TO FAIL MISERABLY. ** 786 ***************************************************************** 787 788 Jim Wilson of Cygnus believes he has found the problem -- it will 789 probably be fixed in GCC 2.5.6 -- but until this is verified, be 790 very suspicious of gcc -O. This problem is reported to have been 791 fixed in gcc 2.6. 792 793 A bug in gcc 2.5.5 caused problems compiling sendmail 8.6.5 with 794 optimization on a Sparc. If you are using gcc 2.5.5, youi should 795 upgrade to the latest version of gcc. 796 797 Apparently GCC 2.7.0 on the Pentium processor has optimization 798 problems. I recommend against using -O on that architecture. This 799 has been seen on FreeBSD 2.0.5 RELEASE. 800 801 Solaris 2.X users should use version 2.7.2.3 over 2.7.2. 802 803 We have been told there are problems with gcc 2.8.0. If you are 804 using this version, you should upgrade to 2.8.1 or later. 805 806Berkeley DB 807 Berkeley DB 4.1.x with x <= 24 does not work with sendmail. 808 You need at least 4.1.25. 809 810GDBM GDBM does not work with sendmail because the additional 811 security checks and file locking cause problems. Unfortunately, 812 gdbm does not provide a compile flag in its version of ndbm.h so 813 the code can adapt. Until the GDBM authors can fix these problems, 814 GDBM will not be supported. Please use Berkeley DB instead. 815 816Configuration file location 817 Up to 8.6, sendmail tried to find the sendmail.cf file in the same 818 place as the vendors had put it, even when this was obviously 819 stupid. As of 8.7, sendmail ALWAYS looks for /etc/sendmail.cf. 820 Beginning with 8.10, sendmail uses /etc/mail/sendmail.cf. 821 You can get sendmail to use the stupid vendor .cf location by 822 adding -DUSE_VENDOR_CF_PATH during compilation, but this may break 823 support programs and scripts that need to find sendmail.cf. You 824 are STRONGLY urged to use symbolic links if you want to use the 825 vendor location rather than changing the location in the sendmail 826 binary. 827 828 NETINFO systems use NETINFO to determine the location of 829 sendmail.cf. The full path to sendmail.cf is stored as the value of 830 the "sendmail.cf" property in the "/locations/sendmail" 831 subdirectory of NETINFO. Set the value of this property to 832 "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" (without the quotes) to use this new 833 default location for Sendmail 8.10.0 and higher. 834 835ControlSocket permissions 836 Paraphrased from BIND 8.2.1's README: 837 838 Solaris and other pre-4.4BSD kernels do not respect ownership or 839 protections on UNIX-domain sockets. The short term fix for this is to 840 override the default path and put such control sockets into root- 841 owned directories which do not permit non-root to r/w/x through them. 842 The long term fix is for all kernels to upgrade to 4.4BSD semantics. 843 844HP MPE/iX 845 The MPE-specific code within sendmail emulates a set-user-id root 846 environment for the sendmail binary. But there is no root uid 0 on 847 MPE, nor is there any support for set-user-id programs. Even when 848 sendmail thinks it is running as uid 0, it will still have the file 849 access rights of the underlying non-zero uid, but because sendmail is 850 an MPE priv-mode program it will still be able to call setuid() to 851 successfully switch to a new uid. 852 853 MPE setgid() semantics don't quite work the way sendmail expects, so 854 special emulation is done here also. 855 856 This uid/gid emulation is enabled via the setuid/setgid file mode bits 857 which are not currently used by MPE. Code in libsm/mpeix.c examines 858 these bits and enables emulation if they have been set, i.e., 859 chmod u+s,g+s /SENDMAIL/CURRENT/SENDMAIL. 860 861SunOS 4.x (Solaris 1.x) 862 You may have to use -lresolv on SunOS. However, beware that 863 this links in a new version of gethostbyname that does not 864 understand NIS, so you must have all of your hosts in DNS. 865 866 Some people have reported problems with the SunOS version of 867 -lresolv and/or in.named, and suggest that you get a newer 868 version. The symptoms are delays when you connect to the 869 SMTP server on a SunOS machine or having your domain added to 870 addresses inappropriately. There is a version of BIND 871 version 4.9 on gatekeeper.DEC.COM in pub/BSD/bind/4.9. 872 873 There is substantial disagreement about whether you can make 874 this work with resolv+, which allows you to specify a search-path 875 of services. Some people report that it works fine, others 876 claim it doesn't work at all (including causing sendmail to 877 drop core when it tries to do multiple resolv+ lookups for a 878 single job). I haven't tried resolv+, as we use DNS exclusively. 879 880 Should you want to try resolv+, it is on ftp.uu.net in 881 /networking/ip/dns. 882 883 Apparently getservbyname() can fail under moderate to high 884 load under some circumstances. This will exhibit itself as 885 the message ``554 makeconnection: service "smtp" unknown''. 886 The problem has been traced to one or more blank lines in 887 /etc/services on the NIS server machine. Delete these 888 and it should work. This info is thanks to Brian Bartholomew 889 <bb@math.ufl.edu> of I-Kinetics, Inc. 890 891 NOTE: The SunOS 4.X linker uses library paths specified during 892 compilation using -L for run-time shared library searches. 893 Therefore, it is vital that relative and unsafe directory paths not 894 be used when compiling sendmail. 895 896SunOS 4.0.2 (Sun 386i) 897 Date: Fri, 25 Aug 1995 11:13:58 +0200 (MET DST) 898 From: teus@oce.nl 899 900 Sendmail 8.7.Beta.12 compiles and runs nearly out of the box with the 901 following changes: 902 * Don't use /usr/5bin in your PATH, but make /usr/5bin/uname 903 available as "uname" command. 904 * Use the defines "-DBSD4_3 -DNAMED_BIND=0" in 905 devtools/OS/SunOS.4.0, which is selected via the "uname" command. 906 I recommend to make available the db-library on the system first 907 (and change the Makefile to use this library). 908 Note that the sendmail.cf and aliases files are found in /etc. 909 910SunOS 4.1.3, 4.1.3_U1 911 Sendmail causes crashes on SunOS 4.1.3 and 4.1.3_U1. According 912 to Sun bug number 1077939: 913 914 If an application does a getsockopt() on a SOCK_STREAM (TCP) socket 915 after the other side of the connection has sent a TCP RESET for 916 the stream, the kernel gets a Bus Trap in the tcp_ctloutput() or 917 ip_ctloutput() routine. 918 919 For 4.1.3, this is fixed in patch 100584-08, available on the 920 Sunsolve 2.7.1 or later CDs. For 4.1.3_U1, this was fixed in patch 921 101790-01 (SunOS 4.1.3_U1: TCP socket and reset problems), later 922 obsoleted by patch 102010-05. 923 924 Sun patch 100584-08 is not currently publicly available on their 925 ftp site but a user has reported it can be found at other sites 926 using a web search engine. 927 928Solaris 2.x (SunOS 5.x) 929 To compile for Solaris, the Makefile built by Build must 930 include a SOLARIS definition which reflects the Solaris version 931 (i.e. -DSOLARIS=20400 for 2.4 or -DSOLARIS=20501 for 2.5.1). 932 If you are using gcc, make sure -I/usr/include is not used (or 933 it might complain about TopFrame). If you are using Sun's cc, 934 make sure /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc is used instead of /usr/ucb/cc 935 (or it might complain about tm_zone). 936 937 The Solaris 2.x (x <= 3) "syslog" function is apparently limited 938 to something about 90 characters because of a kernel limitation. 939 If you have source code, you can probably up this number. You 940 can get patches that fix this problem: the patch ids are: 941 942 Solaris 2.1 100834 943 Solaris 2.2 100999 944 Solaris 2.3 101318 945 946 Be sure you have the appropriate patch installed or you won't 947 see system logging. 948 949Solaris 2.4 (SunOS 5.4) 950 If you include /usr/lib at the end of your LD_LIBRARY_PATH you run 951 the risk of getting the wrong libraries under some circumstances. 952 This is because of a new feature in Solaris 2.4, described by 953 Rod.Evans@Eng.Sun.COM: 954 955 >> Prior to SunOS 5.4, any LD_LIBRARY_PATH setting was ignored by the 956 >> runtime linker if the application was setxid (secure), thus your 957 >> applications search path would be: 958 >> 959 >> /usr/local/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH component - IGNORED 960 >> /usr/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH component - IGNORED 961 >> /usr/local/lib RPATH - honored 962 >> /usr/lib RPATH - honored 963 >> 964 >> the effect is that path 3 would be the first used, and this would 965 >> satisfy your resolv.so lookup. 966 >> 967 >> In SunOS 5.4 we made the LD_LIBRARY_PATH a little more flexible. 968 >> People who developed setxid applications wanted to be able to alter 969 >> the library search path to some degree to allow for their own 970 >> testing and debugging mechanisms. It was decided that the only 971 >> secure way to do this was to allow a `trusted' path to be used in 972 >> LD_LIBRARY_PATH. The only trusted directory we presently define 973 >> is /usr/lib. Thus a set-user-ID root developer could play with some 974 >> alternative shared object implementations and place them in 975 >> /usr/lib (being root we assume they'ed have access to write in this 976 >> directory). This change was made as part of 1155380 - after a 977 >> *huge* amount of discussion regarding the security aspect of things. 978 >> 979 >> So, in SunOS 5.4 your applications search path would be: 980 >> 981 >> /usr/local/lib from LD_LIBRARY_PATH - IGNORED (untrustworthy) 982 >> /usr/lib from LD_LIBRARY_PATH - honored (trustworthy) 983 >> /usr/local/lib from RPATH - honored 984 >> /usr/lib from RPATH - honored 985 >> 986 >> here, path 2 would be the first used. 987 988Solaris 2.5.1 (SunOS 5.5.1) and 2.6 (SunOS 5.6) 989 Apparently Solaris 2.5.1 patch 103663-01 installs a new 990 /usr/include/resolv.h file that defines the __P macro without 991 checking to see if it is already defined. This new resolv.h is also 992 included in the Solaris 2.6 distribution. This causes compile 993 warnings such as: 994 995 In file included from daemon.c:51: 996 /usr/include/resolv.h:208: warning: `__P' redefined 997 cdefs.h:58: warning: this is the location of the previous definition 998 999 These warnings can be safely ignored or you can create a resolv.h 1000 file in the obj.SunOS.5.5.1.* or obj.SunOS.5.6.* directory that reads: 1001 1002 #undef __P 1003 #include "/usr/include/resolv.h" 1004 1005 This problem was fixed in Solaris 7 (Sun bug ID 4081053). 1006 1007Solaris 7 (SunOS 5.7) 1008 Solaris 7 includes LDAP libraries but the implementation was 1009 lacking a few things. The following settings can be placed in 1010 devtools/Site/site.SunOS.5.7.m4 if you plan on using those 1011 libraries. 1012 1013 APPENDDEF(`confMAPDEF', `-DLDAPMAP') 1014 APPENDDEF(`confENVDEF', `-DLDAP_VERSION_MAX=3') 1015 APPENDDEF(`confLIBS', `-lldap') 1016 1017 Also, Sun's patch 107555 is needed to prevent a crash in the call 1018 to ldap_set_option for LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS in ldapmap_setopts if 1019 LDAP support is compiled in sendmail. 1020 1021Solaris 8 and later (SunOS 5.8 and later) 1022 Solaris 8 and later can optionally install LDAP support. If you 1023 have installed the Entire Distribution meta-cluster, you can use 1024 the following in devtools/Site/site.SunOS.5.8.m4 (or other 1025 appropriately versioned file) to enable LDAP: 1026 1027 APPENDDEF(`confMAPDEF', `-DLDAPMAP') 1028 APPENDDEF(`confLIBS', `-lldap') 1029 1030Solaris 9 and later (SunOS 5.9 and later) 1031 Solaris 9 and later have a revised LDAP library, libldap.so.5, 1032 which is derived from a Netscape implementation, thus requiring 1033 that SM_CONF_LDAP_MEMFREE be defined in conjunction with LDAPMAP: 1034 1035 APPENDDEF(`confMAPDEF', `-DLDAPMAP') 1036 APPENDDEF(`confENVDEF', `-DSM_CONF_LDAP_MEMFREE') 1037 APPENDDEF(`confLIBS', `-lldap') 1038 1039Solaris 1040 If you are using dns for hostname resolution on Solaris, make sure 1041 that the 'dns' entry is last on the hosts line in 1042 '/etc/nsswitch.conf'. For example, use: 1043 1044 hosts: nisplus files dns 1045 1046 Do not use: 1047 1048 hosts: nisplus dns [NOTFOUND=return] files 1049 1050 Note that 'nisplus' above is an illustration. The same comment 1051 applies no matter what naming services you are using. If you have 1052 anything other than dns last, even after "[NOTFOUND=return]", 1053 sendmail may not be able to determine whether an error was 1054 temporary or permanent. The error returned by the solaris 1055 gethostbyname() is the error for the last lookup used, and other 1056 naming services do not have the same concept of temporary failure. 1057 1058Ultrix 1059 By default, the IDENT protocol is turned off on Ultrix. If you 1060 are running Ultrix 4.4 or later, or if you have included patch 1061 CXO-8919 for Ultrix 4.2 or 4.3 to fix the TCP problem, you can turn 1062 IDENT on in the configuration file by setting the "ident" timeout. 1063 1064 The Ultrix 4.5 Y2K patch (ULTV45-022-1) has changed the resolver 1065 included in libc.a. Unfortunately, the __RES symbol hasn't changed 1066 and therefore, sendmail can no longer automatically detect the 1067 newer version. If you get a compiler error: 1068 1069 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): local_hostname_length: multiply defined 1070 1071 Then rebuild with this in devtools/Site/site.ULTRIX.m4: 1072 1073 APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DNEEDLOCAL_HOSTNAME_LENGTH=0') 1074 1075Digital UNIX (formerly DEC OSF/1) 1076 If you are compiling on OSF/1 (DEC Alpha), you must use 1077 -L/usr/shlib (otherwise it core dumps on startup). You may also 1078 need -mld to get the nlist() function, although some versions 1079 apparently don't need this. 1080 1081 Also, the enclosed makefile removed /usr/sbin/smtpd; if you need 1082 it, just create the link to the sendmail binary. 1083 1084 On DEC OSF/1 3.2 or earlier, the MatchGECOS option doesn't work 1085 properly due to a bug in the getpw* routines. If you want to use 1086 this, use -DDEC_OSF_BROKEN_GETPWENT=1. The problem is fixed in 3.2C. 1087 1088 Digital's mail delivery agent, /bin/mail (aka /bin/binmail), will 1089 only preserve the envelope sender in the "From " header if 1090 DefaultUserID is set to daemon. Setting this to mailnull will 1091 cause all mail to have the header "From mailnull ...". To use 1092 a different DefaultUserID, you will need to use a different mail 1093 delivery agent (such as mail.local found in the sendmail 1094 distribution). 1095 1096 On Digital UNIX 4.0 and later, Berkeley DB 1.85 is included with the 1097 operating system and already has the ndbm.o module removed. However, 1098 Digital has modified the original Berkeley DB db.h include file. 1099 This results in the following warning while compiling map.c and udb.c: 1100 1101 cc: Warning: /usr/include/db.h, line 74: The redefinition of the macro 1102 "__signed" conflicts with a current definition because the replacement 1103 lists differ. The redefinition is now in effect. 1104 #define __signed signed 1105 ------------------------^ 1106 1107 This warning can be ignored. 1108 1109 Digital UNIX's linker checks /usr/ccs/lib/ before /usr/lib/. 1110 If you have installed a new version of BIND in /usr/include 1111 and /usr/lib, you will experience difficulties as Digital ships 1112 libresolv.a in /usr/ccs/lib/ as well. Be sure to replace both 1113 copies of libresolv.a. 1114 1115IRIX 1116 The header files on SGI IRIX are completely prototyped, and as 1117 a result you can sometimes get some warning messages during 1118 compilation. These can be ignored. There are two errors in 1119 deliver only if you are using gcc, both of the form ``warning: 1120 passing arg N of `execve' from incompatible pointer type''. 1121 Also, if you compile with -DNIS, you will get a complaint 1122 about a declaration of struct dom_binding in a prototype 1123 when compiling map.c; this is not important because the 1124 function being prototyped is not used in that file. 1125 1126 In order to compile sendmail you will have had to install 1127 the developers' option in order to get the necessary include 1128 files. 1129 1130 If you compile with -lmalloc (the fast memory allocator), you may 1131 get warning messages such as the following: 1132 1133 ld32: WARNING 85: definition of _calloc in /usr/lib32/libmalloc.so 1134 preempts that definition in /usr/lib32/mips3/libc.so. 1135 ld32: WARNING 85: definition of _malloc in /usr/lib32/libmalloc.so 1136 preempts that definition in /usr/lib32/mips3/libc.so. 1137 ld32: WARNING 85: definition of _realloc in /usr/lib32/libmalloc.so 1138 preempts that definition in /usr/lib32/mips3/libc.so. 1139 ld32: WARNING 85: definition of _free in /usr/lib32/libmalloc.so 1140 preempts that definition in /usr/lib32/mips3/libc.so. 1141 ld32: WARNING 85: definition of _cfree in /usr/lib32/libmalloc.so 1142 preempts that definition in /usr/lib32/mips3/libc.so. 1143 1144 These are unavoidable and innocuous -- just ignore them. 1145 1146 According to Dave Sill <de5@ornl.gov>, there is a version of the 1147 Berkeley DB library patched to run on Irix 6.2 available from 1148 http://reality.sgi.com/ariel/freeware/#db . 1149 1150IRIX 6.x 1151 If you are using XFS filesystem, avoid using the -32 ABI switch to 1152 the cc compiler if possible. 1153 1154 Broken inet_aton and inet_ntoa on IRIX using gcc: There's 1155 a problem with gcc on IRIX, i.e., gcc can't pass structs 1156 less than 16 bits long unless they are 8 bits; IRIX 6.2 has 1157 some other sized structs. See 1158 http://www.bitmechanic.com/mail-archives/mysql/current/0418.html 1159 This problem seems to be fixed by gcc v2.95.2, gcc v2.8.1 1160 is reported as broken. Check your gcc version for this bug 1161 before installing sendmail. 1162 1163IRIX 6.4 1164 The IRIX 6.5.4 version of /bin/m4 does not work properly with 1165 sendmail. Either install fw_m4.sw.m4 off the Freeware_May99 CD and 1166 use /usr/freeware/bin/m4 or install and use GNU m4. 1167 1168NeXT or NEXTSTEP 1169 NEXTSTEP 3.3 and earlier ship with the old DBM library. Also, 1170 Berkeley DB does not currently run on NEXTSTEP. 1171 1172 If you are compiling on NEXTSTEP, you will have to create an 1173 empty file "unistd.h" and create a file "dirent.h" containing: 1174 1175 #include <sys/dir.h> 1176 #define dirent direct 1177 1178 (devtools/OS/NeXT should try to do both of these for you.) 1179 1180 Apparently, there is a bug in getservbyname on Nextstep 3.0 1181 that causes it to fail under some circumstances with the 1182 message "SYSERR: service "smtp" unknown" logged. You should 1183 be able to work around this by including the line: 1184 1185 OOPort=25 1186 1187 in your .cf file. 1188 1189BSDI (BSD/386) 1.0, NetBSD 0.9, FreeBSD 1.0 1190 The "m4" from BSDI won't handle the config files properly. 1191 I haven't had a chance to test this myself. 1192 1193 The M4 shipped in FreeBSD and NetBSD 0.9 don't handle the config 1194 files properly. One must use either GNU m4 1.1 or the PD-M4 1195 recently posted in comp.os.386bsd.bugs (and maybe others). 1196 NetBSD-current includes the PD-M4 (as stated in the NetBSD file 1197 CHANGES). 1198 1199 FreeBSD 1.0 RELEASE has uname(2) now. Use -DUSEUNAME in order to 1200 use it (look into devtools/OS/FreeBSD). NetBSD-current may have 1201 it too but it has not been verified. 1202 1203 The latest version of Berkeley DB uses a different naming 1204 scheme than the version that is supplied with your release. This 1205 means you will be able to use the current version of Berkeley DB 1206 with sendmail as long you use the new db.h when compiling 1207 sendmail and link it against the new libdb.a or libdb.so. You 1208 should probably keep the original db.h in /usr/include and the 1209 new db.h in /usr/local/include. 1210 12114.3BSD 1212 If you are running a "virgin" version of 4.3BSD, you'll have 1213 a very old resolver and be missing some header files. The 1214 header files are simple -- create empty versions and everything 1215 will work fine. For the resolver you should really port a new 1216 version (4.8.3 or later) of the resolver; 4.9 is available on 1217 gatekeeper.DEC.COM in pub/BSD/bind/4.9. If you are really 1218 determined to continue to use your old, buggy version (or as 1219 a shortcut to get sendmail working -- I'm sure you have the 1220 best intentions to port a modern version of BIND), you can 1221 copy ../contrib/oldbind.compat.c into sendmail and add the 1222 following to devtools/Site/site.config.m4: 1223 1224 APPENDDEF(`confOBJADD', `oldbind.compat.o') 1225 1226OpenBSD (up to 2.9 Release), NetBSD, FreeBSD (up to 4.3-RELEASE) 1227 m4 from *BSD won't handle libsm/Makefile.m4 properly, since the 1228 maximum length for strings is too short. You need to use GNU m4 1229 or patch m4, see for example: 1230 http://FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/usr.bin/m4/eval.c.diff?r1=1.11&r2=1.12 1231 1232A/UX 1233 Date: Tue, 12 Oct 1993 18:28:28 -0400 (EDT) 1234 From: "Eric C. Hagberg" <hagberg@med.cornell.edu> 1235 Subject: Fix for A/UX ndbm 1236 1237 I guess this isn't really a sendmail bug, however, it is something 1238 that A/UX users should be aware of when compiling sendmail 8.6. 1239 1240 Apparently, the calls that sendmail is using to the ndbm routines 1241 in A/UX 3.0.x contain calls to "broken" routines, in that the 1242 aliases database will break when it gets "just a little big" 1243 (sorry I don't have exact numbers here, but it broke somewhere 1244 around 20-25 aliases for me.), making all aliases non-functional 1245 after exceeding this point. 1246 1247 What I did was to get the gnu-dbm-1.6 package, compile it, and 1248 then re-compile sendmail with "-lgdbm", "-DNDBM", and using the 1249 ndbm.h header file that comes with the gnu-package. This makes 1250 things behave properly. 1251 [NOTE: see comment above about GDBM] 1252 1253 I suppose porting the New Berkeley DB package is another route, 1254 however, I made a quick attempt at it, and found it difficult 1255 (not easy at least); the gnu-dbm package "configured" and 1256 compiled easily. 1257 1258 [NOTE: Berkeley DB version 2.X runs on A/UX and can be used for 1259 database maps.] 1260 1261SCO Unix 1262 From: Thomas Essebier <tom@stallion.oz.au> 1263 Organisation: Stallion Technologies Pty Ltd. 1264 1265 It will probably help those who are trying to configure sendmail 8.6.9 1266 to know that if they are on SCO, they had better set 1267 OI-dnsrch 1268 or they will core dump as soon as they try to use the resolver. 1269 i.e., although SCO has _res.dnsrch defined, and is kinda BIND 4.8.3, 1270 it does not inititialise it, nor does it understand 'search' in 1271 /etc/named.boot. 1272 - sigh - 1273 1274 According to SCO, the m4 which ships with UnixWare 2.1.2 is broken. 1275 We recommend installing GNU m4 before attempting to build sendmail. 1276 1277 On some versions a bogus error value is listed if connections 1278 time out (large negative number). To avoid this explicitly set 1279 Timeout.connect to a reasonable value (several minutes). 1280 1281DG/UX 1282 Doug Anderson <dlander@afterlife.ncsc.mil> has successfully run 1283 V8 on the DG/UX 5.4.2 and 5.4R3.x platforms under heavy usage. 1284 Originally, the DG /bin/mail program wasn't compatible with 1285 the V8 sendmail, since the DG /bin/mail requires the environment 1286 variable "_FORCE_MAIL_LOCAL_=yes" be set. Version 8.7 now includes 1287 this in the environment before invoking the local mailer. Some 1288 have used procmail to avoid this problem in the past. It works 1289 but some have experienced file locking problems with their DG/UX 1290 ports of procmail. 1291 1292Apollo DomainOS 1293 If you are compiling on Apollo, you will have to create an empty 1294 file "unistd.h" (for DomainOS 10.3 and earlier) and create a file 1295 "dirent.h" containing: 1296 1297 #include <sys/dir.h> 1298 #define dirent direct 1299 1300 (devtools/OS/DomainOS will attempt to do both of these for you.) 1301 1302HP-UX 8.00 1303 Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 13:25:45 +0200 1304 From: Kimmo Suominen <Kimmo.Suominen@lut.fi> 1305 Subject: 8.6.5 w/ HP-UX 8.00 on s300 1306 1307 Just compiled and fought with sendmail 8.6.5 on a HP9000/360 (i.e., 1308 a series 300 machine) running HP-UX 8.00. 1309 1310 I was getting segmentation fault when delivering to a local user. 1311 With debugging I saw it was faulting when doing _free@libc... *sigh* 1312 It seems the new implementation of malloc on s300 is buggy as of 8.0, 1313 so I tried out the one in -lmalloc (malloc(3X)). With that it seems 1314 to work just dandy. 1315 1316 When linking, you will get the following error: 1317 1318 ld: multiply defined symbol _freespace in file /usr/lib/libmalloc.a 1319 1320 but you can just ignore it. You might want to add this info to the 1321 README file for the future... 1322 1323Linux 1324 Something broke between versions 0.99.13 and 0.99.14 of Linux: the 1325 flock() system call gives errors. If you are running .14, you must 1326 not use flock. You can do this with -DHASFLOCK=0. We have also 1327 been getting complaints since version 2.4.X was released. 1328 sendmail 8.13 has changed the default locking method to fcntl() 1329 for Linux kernel version 2.4 and later. Be sure to update other 1330 sendmail related programs to match locking techniques (some 1331 examples, besides makemap and mail.local, include procmail, mailx, 1332 mutt, elm, etc). 1333 1334 Around the inclusion of bind-4.9.3 & Linux libc-4.6.20, the 1335 initialization of the _res structure changed. If /etc/hosts.conf 1336 was configured as "hosts, bind" the resolver code could return 1337 "Name server failure" errors. This is supposedly fixed in 1338 later versions of libc (>= 4.6.29?), and later versions of 1339 sendmail (> 8.6.10) try to work around the problem. 1340 1341 Some older versions (< 4.6.20?) of the libc/include files conflict 1342 with sendmail's version of cdefs.h. Deleting sendmail's version 1343 on those systems should be non-harmful, and new versions don't care. 1344 1345 NOTE ON LINUX & BIND: By default, the Makefile generated for Linux 1346 includes header files in /usr/local/include and libraries in 1347 /usr/local/lib. If you've installed BIND on your system, the header 1348 files typically end up in the search path and you need to add 1349 "-lresolv" to the LIBS line in your Makefile. Really old versions 1350 may need to include "-l44bsd" as well (particularly if the link phase 1351 complains about missing strcasecmp, strncasecmp or strpbrk). 1352 Complaints about an undefined reference to `__dn_skipname' in 1353 domain.o are a sure sign that you need to add -lresolv to LIBS. 1354 Newer versions of Linux are basically threaded BIND, so you may or 1355 may not see complaints if you accidentally mix BIND 1356 headers/libraries with virginal libc. If you have BIND headers in 1357 /usr/local/include (resolv.h, etc) you *should* be adding -lresolv 1358 to LIBS. Data structures may change and you'd be asking for a 1359 core dump. 1360 1361 A number of problems have been reported regarding the Linux 2.2.0 1362 kernel. So far, these problems have been tracked down to syslog() 1363 and DNS resolution. We believe the problem is with the poll() 1364 implementation in the Linux 2.2.0 kernel and poll()-aware versions 1365 of glib (at least up to 2.0.111). 1366 1367glibc 1368 glibc 2.2.1 (and possibly other versions) changed the value of 1369 __RES in resolv.h but failed to actually provide the IPv6 API 1370 changes that the change implied. Therefore, compiling with 1371 -DNETINET6 fails. 1372 1373 Workarounds: 1374 1) Compile without -DNETINET6 1375 2) Build against a real BIND 8.2.2 include/lib tree 1376 3) Wait for glibc to fix it 1377 1378AIX 4.X 1379 The AIX 4.X linker uses library paths specified during compilation 1380 using -L for run-time shared library searches. Therefore, it is 1381 vital that relative and unsafe directory paths not be using when 1382 compiling sendmail. Because of this danger, by default, compiles 1383 on AIX use the -blibpath option to limit shared libraries to 1384 /usr/lib and /lib. If you need to allow more directories, such as 1385 /usr/local/lib, modify your devtools/Site/site.AIX.4.2.m4, 1386 site.AIX.4.3.m4, and/or site.AIX.4.x.m4 file(s) and set confLDOPTS 1387 appropriately. For example: 1388 1389 define(`confLDOPTS', `-blibpath:/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib') 1390 1391 Be sure to only add (safe) system directories. 1392 1393 The AIX version of GNU ld also exhibits this problem. If you are 1394 using that version, instead of -blibpath, use its -rpath option. 1395 For example: 1396 1397 gcc -Wl,-rpath /usr/lib -Wl,-rpath /lib -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib 1398 1399AIX 4.X If the test program t-event (and most others) in libsm fails, 1400 check your compiler settings. It seems that the flags -qnoro or 1401 -qnoroconst on some AIX versions trigger a compiler bug. Check 1402 your compiler settings or use cc instead of xlc. 1403 1404AIX 4.0-4.2, maybe some AIX 4.3 versions 1405 The AIX m4 implements a different mechanism for ifdef which is 1406 inconsistent with other versions of m4. Therefore, it will not 1407 work properly with the sendmail Build architecture or m4 1408 configuration method. To work around this problem, please use 1409 GNU m4 from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/. 1410 The problem seems to be solved in AIX 4.3.3 at least. 1411 1412AIX 4.3.3 1413 From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu 1414 Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2000 03:58:02 -0400 1415 1416 Under AIX 4.3.3, after applying bos.adt.include 4.3.3.12 to close the 1417 BIND 8.2.2 security holes, you can no longer build with -DNETINET6 1418 because they changed the value of __RES in resolv.h but failed to 1419 actually provide the API changes that the change implied. 1420 1421 Workarounds: 1422 1) Compile without -DNETINET6 1423 2) Build against a real BIND 8.2.2 include/lib tree 1424 3) Wait for IBM to fix it 1425 1426AIX 3.x 1427 This version of sendmail does not support MB, MG, and MR resource 1428 records, which are supported by AIX sendmail. 1429 1430 Several people have reported that the IBM-supplied named returns 1431 fairly random results -- the named should be replaced. It is not 1432 necessary to replace the resolver, which will simplify installation. 1433 A new BIND resolver can be found at http://www.isc.org/isc/. 1434 1435AIX 3.1.x 1436 The supplied load average code only works correctly for AIX 3.2.x. 1437 For 3.1, use -DLA_TYPE=LA_SUBR and get the latest ``monitor'' 1438 package by Jussi Maki <jmaki@hut.fi> from ftp.funet.fi in the 1439 directory pub/unix/AIX/rs6000/monitor-1.12.tar.Z; use the loadavgd 1440 daemon, and the getloadavg subroutine supplied with that package. 1441 If you don't care about load average throttling, just turn off 1442 load average checking using -DLA_TYPE=LA_ZERO. 1443 1444RISC/os 1445 RISC/os from MIPS is a merged AT&T/Berkeley system. When you 1446 compile on that platform you will get duplicate definitions 1447 on many files. You can ignore these. 1448 1449System V Release 4 Based Systems 1450 There is a single devtools OS that is intended for all SVR4-based 1451 systems (built from devtools/OS/SVR4). It defines __svr4__, 1452 which is predefined by some compilers. If your compiler already 1453 defines this compile variable, you can delete the definition from 1454 the generated Makefile or create a devtools/Site/site.config.m4 1455 file. 1456 1457 It's been tested on Dell Issue 2.2. 1458 1459DELL SVR4 1460 Date: Mon, 06 Dec 1993 10:42:29 EST 1461 From: "Kimmo Suominen" <kim@grendel.lut.fi> 1462 Message-ID: <2d0352f9.lento29@lento29.UUCP> 1463 To: eric@cs.berkeley.edu 1464 Cc: sendmail@cs.berkeley.edu 1465 Subject: Notes for DELL SVR4 1466 1467 Eric, 1468 1469 Here are some notes for compiling Sendmail 8.6.4 on DELL SVR4. I ran 1470 across these things when helping out some people who contacted me by 1471 e-mail. 1472 1473 1) Use gcc 2.4.5 (or later?). Dell distributes gcc 2.1 with their 1474 Issue 2.2 Unix. It is too old, and gives you problems with 1475 clock.c, because sigset_t won't get defined in <sys/signal.h>. 1476 This is due to a problematic protection rule in there, and is 1477 fixed with gcc 2.4.5. 1478 1479 2) If you don't use the new Berkeley DB (-DNEWDB), then you need 1480 to add "-lc -lucb" to the libraries to link with. This is because 1481 the -ldbm distributed by Dell needs the bcopy, bcmp and bzero 1482 functions. It is important that you specify both libraries in 1483 the given order to be sure you only get the BSTRING functions 1484 from the UCB library (and not the signal routines etc.). 1485 1486 3) Don't leave out "-lelf" even if compiling with "-lc -lucb". 1487 The UCB library also has another copy of the nlist routines, 1488 but we do want the ones from "-lelf". 1489 1490 If anyone needs a compiled gcc 2.4.5 and/or a ported DB library, they 1491 can use anonymous ftp to fetch them from lut.fi in the /kim directory. 1492 They are copies of what I use on grendel.lut.fi, and offering them 1493 does not imply that I would also support them. I have sent the DB 1494 port for SVR4 back to Keith Bostic for inclusion in the official 1495 distribution, but I haven't heard anything from him as of today. 1496 1497 - gcc-2.4.5-svr4.tar.gz (gcc 2.4.5 and the corresponding libg++) 1498 - db-1.72.tar.gz (with source, objects and a installed copy) 1499 1500 Cheers 1501 + Kim 1502 -- 1503 * Kimmo.Suominen@lut.fi * SysVr4 enthusiast at GRENDEL.LUT.FI * 1504 * KIM@FINFILES.BITNET * Postmaster and Hostmaster at LUT.FI * 1505 * + 358 200 865 718 * Unix area moderator at NIC.FUNET.FI * 1506 1507ConvexOS 10.1 and below 1508 In order to use the name server, you must create the file 1509 /etc/use_nameserver. If this file does not exist, the call 1510 to res_init() will fail and you will have absolutely no 1511 access to DNS, including MX records. 1512 1513Amdahl UTS 2.1.5 1514 In order to get UTS to work, you will have to port BIND 4.9. 1515 The vendor's BIND is reported to be ``totally inadequate.'' 1516 See sendmail/contrib/AmdahlUTS.patch for the patches necessary 1517 to get BIND 4.9 compiled for UTS. 1518 1519UnixWare 1520 According to Alexander Kolbasov <sasha@unitech.gamma.ru>, 1521 the m4 on UnixWare 2.0 (still in Beta) will core dump on the 1522 config files. GNU m4 and the m4 from UnixWare 1.x both work. 1523 1524 According to Larry Rosenman <ler@lerami.lerctr.org>: 1525 1526 UnixWare 2.1.[23]'s m4 chokes (not obviously) when 1527 processing the 8.9.0 cf files. 1528 1529 I had a LOCAL_RULE_0 that wound up AFTER the 1530 SBasic_check_rcpt rules using the SCO supplied M4. 1531 GNU M4 works fine. 1532 1533UNICOS 8.0.3.4 1534 Some people have reported that the -O flag on UNICOS can cause 1535 problems. You may want to turn this off if you have problems 1536 running sendmail. Reported by Jerry G. DeLapp <jgd@acl.lanl.gov>. 1537 1538Darwin/Mac OS X (10.X.X) 1539 The linker errors produced regarding getopt() and its associated 1540 variables can safely be ignored. 1541 1542 From Mike Zimmerman <zimmy@torrentnet.com>: 1543 1544 From scratch here is what Darwin users need to do to the standard 1545 10.0.0, 10.0.1 install to get sendmail working. 1546 From http://www.macosx.com/forums/showthread.php?s=6dac0e9e1f3fd118a4870a8a9b559491&threadid=2242: 1547 1. chmod g-w / /private /private/etc 1548 2. Properly set HOSTNAME in /etc/hostconfig to your FQDN: 1549 HOSTNAME=-my.domain.com- 1550 3. Edit /etc/rc.boot: 1551 hostname my.domain.com 1552 domainname domain.com 1553 4. Edit /System/Library/StartupItems/Sendmail/Sendmail: 1554 Remove the "&" after the sendmail command: 1555 /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -q1h 1556 1557 From Carsten Klapp <carsten.klapp@home.com>: 1558 1559 The easiest workaround is to remove the group-writable permission 1560 for the root directory and the symbolic /etc inherits this 1561 change. While this does fix sendmail, the unfortunate side-effect 1562 is the OS X admin will no longer be able to manipulate icons in the 1563 top level of the Startup disk unless logged into the GUI as the 1564 superuser. 1565 1566 In applying the alternate workaround, care must be taken while 1567 swapping the symlink /etc with the directory /private/etc. In all 1568 likelihood any admin who is concerned with this sendmail error has 1569 enough experience to not accidentally harm anything in the process. 1570 1571 a. Swap the /etc symlink with /private/etc (as superuser): 1572 rm /etc 1573 mv /private/etc /etc 1574 ln -s /etc /private/etc 1575 1576 b. Set / to group unwritable (as superuser): 1577 chmod g-w / 1578 1579Darwin/Mac OS X (10.1.5) 1580 Apple's upgrade to sendmail 8.12 is incorrectly configured. You 1581 will need to manually fix it up by doing the following: 1582 1583 1. chown smmsp:smmsp /var/spool/clientmqueue 1584 2. chmod 2770 /var/spool/clientmqueue 1585 3. chgrp smmsp /usr/sbin/sendmail 1586 4. chmod g+s /usr/sbin/sendmail 1587 1588 From Daniel J. Luke <dluke@geeklair.net>: 1589 1590 It appears that setting the sendmail.cf property in 1591 /locations/sendmail in NetInfo on Mac OS X 10.1.5 with sendmail 1592 8.12.4 causes 'bad things' to happen. 1593 1594 Specifically sendmail instances that should be getting their config 1595 from /etc/mail/submit.cf don't (so mail/mutt/perl scripts which 1596 open pipes to sendmail stop working as sendmail tries to write to 1597 /var/spool/mqueue and cannot as sendmail is no longer suid root). 1598 1599 Removing the entry from NetInfo fixes this problem. 1600 1601GNU getopt 1602 I'm told that GNU getopt has a problem in that it gets confused 1603 by the double call. Use the version in conf.c instead. 1604 1605BIND 4.9.2 and Ultrix 1606 If you are running on Ultrix, be sure you read conf/Info.Ultrix 1607 in the BIND distribution very carefully -- there is information 1608 in there that you need to know in order to avoid errors of the 1609 form: 1610 1611 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): sethostent: multiply defined 1612 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): endhostent: multiply defined 1613 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): gethostbyname: multiply defined 1614 /lib/libc.a(gethostent.o): gethostbyaddr: multiply defined 1615 1616 during the link stage. 1617 1618BIND 8.X 1619 BIND 8.X returns HOST_NOT_FOUND instead of TRY_AGAIN on temporary 1620 DNS failures when trying to find the hostname associated with an IP 1621 address (gethostbyaddr()). This can cause problems as 1622 $&{client_name} based lookups in class R ($=R) and the access 1623 database won't succeed. 1624 1625 This will be fixed in BIND 8.2.1. For earlier versions, this can 1626 be fixed by making "dns" the last name service queried for host 1627 resolution in /etc/irs.conf: 1628 1629 hosts local continue 1630 hosts dns 1631 1632strtoul 1633 Some compilers (notably gcc) claim to be ANSI C but do not 1634 include the ANSI-required routine "strtoul". If your compiler 1635 has this problem, you will get an error in srvrsmtp.c on the 1636 code: 1637 1638 # ifdef defined(__STDC__) && !defined(BROKEN_ANSI_LIBRARY) 1639 e->e_msgsize = strtoul(vp, (char **) NULL, 10); 1640 # else 1641 e->e_msgsize = strtol(vp, (char **) NULL, 10); 1642 # endif 1643 1644 You can use -DBROKEN_ANSI_LIBRARY to get around this problem. 1645 1646Listproc 6.0c 1647 Date: 23 Sep 1995 23:56:07 GMT 1648 Message-ID: <95925101334.~INN-AUMa00187.comp-news@dl.ac.uk> 1649 From: alansz@mellers1.psych.berkeley.edu (Alan Schwartz) 1650 Subject: Listproc 6.0c + Sendmail 8.7 [Helpful hint] 1651 1652 Just upgraded to sendmail 8.7, and discovered that listproc 6.0c 1653 breaks, because it, by default, sends a blank "HELO" rather than 1654 a "HELO hostname" when using the 'system' or 'telnet' mail method. 1655 1656 The fix is to include -DZMAILER in the compilation, which will 1657 cause it to use "HELO hostname" (which Z-mail apparently requires 1658 as well. :) 1659 1660OpenSSL 1661 OpenSSL versions prior to 0.9.6 use a macro named Free which 1662 conflicts with existing macro names on some platforms, such as 1663 AIX. 1664 Do not use 0.9.3, but OpenSSL 0.9.5a or later if compatible with 1665 0.9.5a. 1666 1667PH 1668 PH support is provided by Mark Roth <roth@uiuc.edu>. The map is 1669 described at http://www-dev.cites.uiuc.edu/sendmail/ . 1670 1671 NOTE: The "spacedname" pseudo-field which was used by earlier 1672 versions of the PH map code is no longer supported! See the URL 1673 listed above for more information. 1674 1675 Please contact Mark Roth for support and questions regarding the 1676 map. 1677 1678TCP Wrappers 1679 If you are using -DTCPWRAPPERS to get TCP Wrappers support you will 1680 also need to install libwrap.a and modify your site.config.m4 file 1681 or the generated Makefile to include -lwrap in the LIBS line 1682 (make sure that INCDIRS and LIBDIRS point to where the tcpd.h and 1683 libwrap.a can be found). 1684 1685 TCP Wrappers is available at ftp://ftp.porcupine.org/pub/security/. 1686 1687 If you have alternate MX sites for your site, be sure that all of 1688 your MX sites reject the same set of hosts. If not, a bad guy whom 1689 you reject will connect to your site, fail, and move on to the next 1690 MX site, which will accept the mail for you and forward it on to you. 1691 1692Regular Expressions (MAP_REGEX) 1693 If sendmail linking fails with: 1694 1695 undefined reference to 'regcomp' 1696 1697 or sendmail gives an error about a regular expression with: 1698 1699 pattern-compile-error: : Operation not applicable 1700 1701 Your libc does not include a running version of POSIX-regex. Use 1702 librx or regex.o from the GNU Free Software Foundation, 1703 ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/rx-?.?.tar.gz or 1704 ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/regex-?.?.tar.gz. 1705 You can also use the regex-lib by Henry Spencer, 1706 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/C/spencer/regex.shar.gz 1707 Make sure, your compiler reads regex.h from the distribution, 1708 not from /usr/include, otherwise sendmail will dump a core. 1709 1710 1711+--------------+ 1712| MANUAL PAGES | 1713+--------------+ 1714 1715The manual pages have been written against the -man macros, and 1716should format correctly with any reasonable *roff. 1717 1718 1719+-----------------+ 1720| DEBUGGING HOOKS | 1721+-----------------+ 1722 1723As of 8.6.5, sendmail daemons will catch a SIGUSR1 signal and log 1724some debugging output (logged at LOG_DEBUG severity). The 1725information dumped is: 1726 1727 * The value of the $j macro. 1728 * A warning if $j is not in the set $=w. 1729 * A list of the open file descriptors. 1730 * The contents of the connection cache. 1731 * If ruleset 89 is defined, it is evaluated and the results printed. 1732 1733This allows you to get information regarding the runtime state of the 1734daemon on the fly. This should not be done too frequently, since 1735the process of rewriting may lose memory which will not be recovered. 1736Also, ruleset 89 may call non-reentrant routines, so there is a small 1737non-zero probability that this will cause other problems. It is 1738really only for debugging serious problems. 1739 1740A typical formulation of ruleset 89 would be: 1741 1742 R$* $@ $>0 some test address 1743 1744 1745+-----------------------------+ 1746| DESCRIPTION OF SOURCE FILES | 1747+-----------------------------+ 1748 1749The following list describes the files in this directory: 1750 1751Build Shell script for building sendmail. 1752Makefile A convenience for calling ./Build. 1753Makefile.m4 A template for constructing a makefile based on the 1754 information in the devtools directory. 1755README This file. 1756TRACEFLAGS My own personal list of the trace flags -- not guaranteed 1757 to be particularly up to date. 1758alias.c Does name aliasing in all forms. 1759aliases.5 Man page describing the format of the aliases file. 1760arpadate.c A subroutine which creates ARPANET standard dates. 1761bf.c Routines to implement memory-buffered file system using 1762 hooks provided by libsm now (formerly Torek stdio library). 1763bf.h Buffered file I/O function declarations and 1764 data structure and function declarations for bf.c. 1765collect.c The routine that actually reads the mail into a temp 1766 file. It also does a certain amount of parsing of 1767 the header, etc. 1768conf.c The configuration file. This contains information 1769 that is presumed to be quite static and non- 1770 controversial, or code compiled in for efficiency 1771 reasons. Most of the configuration is in sendmail.cf. 1772conf.h Configuration that must be known everywhere. 1773control.c Routines to implement control socket. 1774convtime.c A routine to sanely process times. 1775daemon.c Routines to implement daemon mode. 1776deliver.c Routines to deliver mail. 1777domain.c Routines that interface with DNS (the Domain Name 1778 System). 1779envelope.c Routines to manipulate the envelope structure. 1780err.c Routines to print error messages. 1781headers.c Routines to process message headers. 1782helpfile An example helpfile for the SMTP HELP command and -bt mode. 1783macro.c The macro expander. This is used internally to 1784 insert information from the configuration file. 1785mailq.1 Man page for the mailq command. 1786main.c The main routine to sendmail. This file also 1787 contains some miscellaneous routines. 1788makesendmail A convenience for calling ./Build. 1789map.c Support for database maps. 1790mci.c Routines that handle mail connection information caching. 1791milter.c MTA portions of the mail filter API. 1792mime.c MIME conversion routines. 1793newaliases.1 Man page for the newaliases command. 1794parseaddr.c The routines which do address parsing. 1795queue.c Routines to implement message queueing. 1796readcf.c The routine that reads the configuration file and 1797 translates it to internal form. 1798recipient.c Routines that manipulate the recipient list. 1799sasl.c Routines to interact with Cyrys-SASL. 1800savemail.c Routines which save the letter on processing errors. 1801sendmail.8 Man page for the sendmail command. 1802sendmail.h Main header file for sendmail. 1803sfsasl.c I/O interface between SASL/TLS and the MTA. 1804sfsasl.h Header file for sfsasl.c. 1805shmticklib.c Routines for shared memory counters. 1806sm_resolve.c Routines for DNS lookups (for DNS map type). 1807sm_resolve.h Header file for sm_resolve.c. 1808srvrsmtp.c Routines to implement server SMTP. 1809stab.c Routines to manage the symbol table. 1810stats.c Routines to collect and post the statistics. 1811statusd_shm.h Data structure and function declarations for shmticklib.c. 1812sysexits.c List of error messages associated with error codes 1813 in sysexits.h. 1814sysexits.h List of error codes for systems that lack their own. 1815timers.c Routines to provide microtimers. 1816timers.h Data structure and function declarations for timers.h. 1817tls.c Routines for TLS. 1818trace.c The trace package. These routines allow setting and 1819 testing of trace flags with a high granularity. 1820udb.c The user database interface module. 1821usersmtp.c Routines to implement user SMTP. 1822util.c Some general purpose routines used by sendmail. 1823version.c The version number and information about this 1824 version of sendmail. 1825 1826(Version $Revision: 8.385 $, last update $Date: 2004/11/25 06:52:06 $ ) 1827