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750276Speter<TITLE>Announcing ncurses @VERSION@</TITLE>
850276Speter<link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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1150276Speter
1250276Speter<H1>Announcing ncurses @VERSION@</H1>
1350276Speter
1450276SpeterThe ncurses (new curses) library is a free software emulation of
1550276Spetercurses in System V Release 4.0, and more.  It uses terminfo format,
1650276Spetersupports pads and color
1750276Speterand multiple highlights and forms characters and function-key mapping,
1850276Speterand has all the other SYSV-curses enhancements over BSD curses.<P>
1950276Speter
2050276SpeterIn mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared that he
2150276Speterconsidered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and is encouraging the keepers of
2250276SpeterUnix releases such as BSD/OS, freeBSD and netBSD to switch over to
2350276Speterncurses.<P>
2450276Speter
2550276SpeterThe ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux.  It should port easily to
2650276Speterany ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX.  It has even been ported to OS/2 Warp!<P>
2750276Speter
2850276SpeterThe distribution includes the library and support utilities, including a
2950276Speterterminfo compiler tic(1), a decompiler infocmp(1), clear(1), tput(1), tset(1),
3050276Speterand a termcap conversion tool captoinfo(1).  Full manual pages are provided for
3150276Speterthe library and tools.<P>
3250276Speter
3350276SpeterThe ncurses distribution is available via anonymous FTP at
3450276Speterthe GNU distribution site
3550276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu</A>.
3650276SpeterIt is also available at
3750276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses</A>.
3850276Speter
3950276Speter<H1>Release Notes</H1>
4050276Speter
4150276SpeterWe decided to release ncurses as a new whole number release (5.0) because it
4250276Speterincorporates several interface changes, including some that would invalidate
4350276Speterexisting shared libraries.  These are the highlights from the change-log
4450276Spetersince ncurses 4.2 release.
4550276Speter<p>
4650276SpeterInterface changes:
4750276Speter<ul>
4850276Speter	<li>The principal source of changes to the interface comes from the
4950276Speter	  release of X/Open Curses in 1997.  Earlier versions of ncurses (4.0
5050276Speter	  and before) were based on a draft version of the specification.  The
5150276Speter	  release version adds parameters to some functions to support the
5250276Speter	  evolving internationalization of curses.  These summarize the impact:
5350276Speter<ul>
5450276Speter	  <li>modified several prototypes to correspond with 1997 version of
5550276Speter	    X/Open Curses (affects ABI since developers have used attr_get).
5650276Speter
5750276Speter	  <li>corrected prototypes for slk_* functions, using chtype rather than
5850276Speter	    attr_t.
5950276Speter
6050276Speter	  <li>the slk_attr_{set,off,on} functions need an additional void*
6150276Speter	    parameter according to XSI.
6250276Speter
6350276Speter	  <li>correct macros for wattr_set, wattr_get, separate wattrset macro from
6450276Speter	    these to preserve behavior that allows attributes to be combined with
6550276Speter	    color pair numbers.
6650276Speter
6750276Speter	  <li>reviewed/updated curses.h, term.h against X/Open Curses Issue 4
6850276Speter	    Version 2.  This includes making some parameters NCURSES_CONST
6950276Speter	    rather than const, e.g., in termcap.h.
7050276Speter
7150276Speter	  <li>reviewed/corrected macros in curses.h as per XSI document.
7250276Speter
7350276Speter	  <li>add set_a_attributes and set_pglen_inch to terminfo structure, as per
7450276Speter	    XSI and Solaris 2.5.
7550276Speter</ul>
7650276Speter	<li>The newest version of the X/Open Curses is implemented on Solaris
7750276Speter	  and other vendor's systems.  It adds new features to the terminfo
7850276Speter	  descriptions:
7950276Speter<ul>
8050276Speter	  <li>implement tparm %l format.
8150276Speter
8250276Speter	  <li>implement tparm printf-style width and precision for %s, %d, %x, %o
8350276Speter	    as per XSI.
8450276Speter</ul>
8550276Speter	<li>We made additional changes to reduce impact by future interface
8650276Speter	  changes:
8750276Speter<ul>
8850276Speter	  <li>change key_names[] array to static since it is not part of the curses
8950276Speter	    interface.
9050276Speter
9150276Speter	  <li>move macro winch to a function, to hide details of struct ldat
9250276Speter</ul>
9350276Speter	<li>modify configure script to embed ABI in shared libraries for HP-UX
9450276Speter	  10.x (detailed request by Tim Mooney).
9550276Speter
9650276Speter	<li>modify configuration of shared libraries on Digital Unix so that
9750276Speter	  versioning is embedded in the library, rather than implied by
9850276Speter	  links (patch by Tim Mooney).
9950276Speter</ul>
10050276SpeterNew features:
10150276Speter<ul>
10250276Speter	<li>enable sigwinch handler by default.
10350276Speter
10450276Speter	<li>turn on hashmap scrolling code by default
10550276Speter
10650276Speter	<li>improved support for termcap applications
10750276Speter<ul>
10850276Speter	  <li>modify tput to accept termcap names as an alternative to terminfo
10950276Speter	    names.
11050276Speter
11150276Speter	  <li>provide support for termcap PC variable by copying it from terminfo
11250276Speter	    data and using it as the padding character in tputs.
11350276Speter
11450276Speter	  <li>provide support for termcap ospeed variable by copying it from the
11550276Speter	    internal cur_term member, and using ospeed as the baudrate
11650276Speter	    reference for the delay_output and tputs functions.
11750276Speter
11850276Speter	  <li>change name-comparisons in lib_termcap to compare no more than 2
11950276Speter	    characters.
12050276Speter
12150276Speter	  <li>add configure option --enable-tcap-names, which essentially
12250276Speter	    allows users to define new capabilities as in termcap.
12350276Speter</ul>
12450276Speter	<li>add mouse support to ncurses menus.
12550276Speter
12650276Speter	<li>add mouse and dll support for OS/2 EMX
12750276Speter
12850276Speter	<li>modify terminfo parsing to accept octal and hexadecimal constants
12950276Speter
13050276Speter	<li>add configure option --enable-no-padding, to allow environment
13150276Speter	  variable $NCURSES_NO_PADDING to eliminate non-mandatory padding,
13250276Speter	  thereby making terminal emulators (e.g., for vt100) a little more
13350276Speter	  efficient.
13450276Speter
13550276Speter	<li>modify lib_color.c to eliminate dependency on orig_colors and
13650276Speter	  orig_pair, since SVr4 curses does not require these either, but
13750276Speter	  uses them when they are available.
13850276Speter
13950276Speter	<li>add -f option to infocmp and tic, which formats the terminfo
14050276Speter	  if/then/else/endif so that they are readable (with newlines and
14150276Speter	  tabs).
14250276Speter
14350276Speter	<li>modify tic to compile into %'char' form in preference to %{number},
14450276Speter	  since that is a little more efficient.
14550276Speter</ul>
14650276SpeterMajor bug fixes:
14750276Speter<ul>
14850276Speter	<li>modify lib_tstp.c to block SIGTTOU when handling SIGTSTP, fixes a
14950276Speter	  problem where ncurses applications which were run via a shell script
15050276Speter	  would hang when given a ^Z.  Also, check if the terminal's process
15150276Speter	  group is consistent, i.e., a shell has not taken ownership of it,
15250276Speter	  before deciding to save the current terminal settings in the SIGTSTP
15350276Speter	  handler.
15450276Speter
15550276Speter	<li>suppress sc/rc capabilities from terminal description if they appear
15650276Speter	  in smcup/rmcup.  This affects only scrolling optimization, to fix a
15750276Speter	  problem reported by several people with xterm's alternate screen,
15850276Speter	  though the problem is more general.
15950276Speter
16050276Speter	<li>modify relative_move and tputs to avoid an interaction with the
16150276Speter	  BSD-style padding.  The relative_move function could produce a string
16250276Speter	  to replace on the screen which began with a numeric character, which
16350276Speter	  was then interpreted by tputs as padding.
16450276Speter
16550276Speter	<li>modify setupterm so that cancelled strings are treated the same as
16650276Speter	  absent strings, cancelled and absent booleans false (does not affect
16750276Speter	  tic, infocmp).
16850276Speter
16950276Speter	<li>modify lib_vidattr.c to allow for terminal types (e.g., xterm-color)
17050276Speter	  which may reset all attributes in the 'op' capability, so that colors
17150276Speter	  are set before turning on bold and other attributes, but still after
17250276Speter	  turning attributes off.
17350276Speter
17450276Speter	<li>use 'access()' to check if ncurses library should be permitted to
17550276Speter	  open or modify files with fopen/open/link/unlink/remove calls, in
17650276Speter	  case the calling application is running in setuid mode.
17750276Speter
17850276Speter	<li>correction to doupdate, for case where terminal does not support
17950276Speter	  insert/delete character.  The logic did not check that there was a
18050276Speter	  difference in alignment of changes to old/new screens before
18150276Speter	  repainting the whole non-blank portion of the line.  Modified to fall
18250276Speter	  through into logic that reduces by the portion which does not differ.
18350276Speter</ul>
18450276Speter
18550276Speter<H1>Features of Ncurses</H1>
18650276Speter
18750276SpeterThe ncurses package is fully compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:<P>
18850276Speter
18950276Speter<UL>
19050276Speter<LI>All 257 of the SVr4 calls have been implemented (and are documented).
19150276Speter<LI>Full support for SVr4 curses features including keyboard mapping, color,
19250276Speterforms-drawing with ACS characters, and automatic recognition of keypad
19350276Speterand function keys.
19450276Speter<LI>An emulation of the SVr4 panels library, supporting
19550276Spetera stack of windows with backing store, is included.
19650276Speter<LI>An emulation of the SVr4 menus library, supporting
19750276Spetera uniform but flexible interface for menu programming, is included.
19850276Speter<LI>An emulation of the SVr4 form library, supporting
19950276Speterdata collection through on-screen forms, is included.
20050276Speter<LI>Binary terminfo entries generated by the ncurses tic(1) implementation
20150276Speterare bit-for-bit-compatible with the entry format SVr4 curses uses.
20250276Speter<LI>The utilities have options to allow you to filter terminfo
20350276Speterentries for use with less capable <STRONG>curses</STRONG>/<STRONG>terminfo</STRONG>
20450276Speterversions such as the HP/UX and AIX ports.</UL>
20550276Speter
20650276SpeterThe ncurses package also has many useful extensions over SVr4:<P>
20750276Speter
20850276Speter<UL>
20950276Speter<LI>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/OPEN curses
21050276Speterspecification, XSI curses (that is, it implements all BASE level features,
21150276Speterbut not all EXTENDED features).  Most EXTENDED-level features not directly
21250276Speterconcerned with wide-character support are implemented, including many
21350276Speterfunction calls not supported under SVr4 curses (but portability of all
21450276Spetercalls is documented so you can use the SVr4 subset only).
21550276Speter<LI>Unlike SVr4 curses, ncurses can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner
21650276Speterof the screen if your terminal has an insert-character capability.
21750276Speter<LI>Ada95 and C++ bindings.
21850276Speter<LI>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and OS/2 console windows.
21950276Speter<LI>Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm package.
22050276Speter<LI>The function <CODE>wresize()</CODE> allows you to resize windows, preserving
22150276Spetertheir data.
22250276Speter<LI>The function <CODE>use_default_colors()</CODE> allows you to
22350276Speteruse the terminal's default colors for the default color pair,
22450276Speterachieving the effect of transparent colors.
22550276Speter<LI>The functions <CODE>keyok()</CODE>
22650276Speterand <CODE>define_key()</CODE> allow
22750276Speteryou to better control the use of function keys,
22850276Spetere.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE,
22950276Speteror by defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key code.
23050276Speter<LI>Support for 16-color terminals, such as aixterm and XFree86 xterm.
23150276Speter<LI>Better cursor-movement optimization.  The package now features a
23250276Spetercursor-local-movement computation more efficient than either BSD's
23350276Speteror System V's.
23450276Speter<LI>Super hardware scrolling support.  The screen-update code incorporates
23550276Spetera novel, simple, and cheap algorithm that enables it to make optimal
23650276Speteruse of hardware scrolling, line-insertion, and line-deletion
23750276Speterfor screen-line movements.  This algorithm is more powerful than
23850276Speterthe 4.4BSD curses quickch() routine.
23950276Speter<LI>Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch.  The
24050276Speterscreen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight if the magic-
24150276Spetercookie unattributed spaces required just before the beginning and
24250276Speterafter the end would step on a non-space character.  It will
24350276Speterautomatically shift highlight boundaries when doing so would make it
24450276Speterpossible to draw the highlight without changing the visual appearance
24550276Speterof the screen.
24650276Speter<LI>It is possible to generate the library with a list of pre-loaded
24750276Speterfallback entries linked to it so that it can serve those terminal types even
24850276Speterwhen no terminfo tree or termcap file is accessible (this may be useful
24950276Speterfor support of screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user mode).
25050276Speter<LI>The tic(1)/captoinfo utility provided with ncurses has the
25150276Speterability to translate many termcaps from the XENIX, IBM and
25250276SpeterAT&amp;T extension sets.
25350276Speter<LI>A BSD-like tset(1) utility is provided.
25450276Speter<LI>The ncurses library and utilities will automatically read terminfo
25550276Speterentries from $HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile to that directory
25650276Speterif it exists and the user has no write access to the system directory.
25750276SpeterThis feature makes it easier for users to have personal terminfo entries
25850276Speterwithout giving up access to the system terminfo directory.
25950276Speter<LI>You may specify a path of directories to search for compiled
26050276Speterdescriptions with the environment variable TERMINFO_DIRS (this
26150276Spetergeneralizes the feature provided by TERMINFO under stock System V.)
26250276Speter<LI>In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not just to
26350276Speterother entries in the same source file (as in System V) but also to
26450276Spetercompiled entries in either the system terminfo directory or the user's
26550276Speter$HOME/.terminfo directory.
26650276Speter<LI>A script (<STRONG>capconvert</STRONG>) is provided to help BSD users
26750276Spetertransition from termcap to terminfo.  It gathers the information in a
26850276SpeterTERMCAP environment variable and/or a ~/.termcap local entries file
26950276Speterand converts it to an equivalent local terminfo tree under $HOME/.terminfo.
27050276Speter<LI>Automatic fallback to the /etc/termcap file can be compiled in
27150276Speterwhen it is not possible to build a terminfo tree.  This feature is neither
27250276Speterfast nor cheap, you don't want to use it unless you have to,
27350276Speterbut it's there.
27450276Speter<LI>The table-of-entries utility <STRONG>toe</STRONG> makes it easy for users to
27550276Spetersee exactly what terminal types are available on the system.
27650276Speter<LI>The library meets the XSI requirement that every macro entry
27750276Speterpoint have a corresponding function which may be linked (and will be
27850276Speterprototype-checked) if the macro definition is disabled with
27950276Speter<CODE>#undef</CODE>.
28050276Speter<LI>An HTML "Introduction to Programming with NCURSES" document provides
28150276Spetera narrative introduction to the curses programming interface.
28250276Speter</UL>
28350276Speter
28450276Speter<H1>State of the Package</H1>
28550276Speter
28650276SpeterNumerous bugs present in earlier versions have been fixed; the
28750276Speterlibrary is far more reliable than it used to be.  Bounds checking in many
28850276Speter`dangerous' entry points has been improved.  The code is now type-safe
28950276Speteraccording to gcc -Wall.  The library has been checked for malloc leaks and
29050276Speterarena corruption by the Purify memory-allocation tester.<P>
29150276Speter
29250276SpeterThe ncurses code has been tested with a wide variety of applications
29350276Speterincluding (versions starting with those noted):<P>
29450276Speter<DL>
29550276Speter<DT> ded
29650276Speter<DD> directory-editor
29750276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ded">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ded</A>.
29850276Speter<DT> dialog
29950276Speter<DD> the underlying application used in Slackware's setup, and the basis
30050276Speterfor similar applications on GNU/Linux.
30150276Speter<DT> lynx-2.7
30250276Speter<DD> the character-screen WWW browser
30350276Speter<DT> Midnight Commander 4.1
30450276Speter<DD> file manager
30550276Speter<DT> mutt 0.88
30650276Speter<DD> mail utility
30750276Speter<DT> ncftp 2.0
30850276Speter<DD> file-transfer utility
30950276Speter<DT> nvi
31050276Speter<DD> New vi versions 1.50 are able to use ncurses versions 1.9.7 and later.
31150276Speter<DT> taper
31250276Speter<DD> tape archive utility
31350276Speter<DT> vh-1.6
31450276Speter<DD> Volks-Hypertext browser for the Jargon File
31550276Speter</DL>
31650276Speteras well as some that use ncurses for the terminfo support alone:
31750276Speter<DL>
31850276Speter<DT> minicom-1.75
31950276Speter<DD> terminal emulator
32050276Speter<DT> tin-unoff
32150276Speter<DD> tin 1.4 newsreader, supporting color, MIME
32250276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.akk.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/news/clients/tin-unoff">ftp://ftp.akk.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/news/clients/tin-unoff</A>.
32350276Speter<DT> vile
32450276Speter<DD> vi-like-emacs
32550276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/vile">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/vile</A>.
32650276Speter</DL>
32750276Speter<P>
32850276Speter
32950276SpeterThe ncurses distribution includes a selection of test programs (including
33050276Spetera few games).
33150276Speter
33250276Speter<H2>Who's Who and What's What</H2>
33350276Speter
33450276SpeterThe original developers of ncurses are <A
33550276SpeterHREF="mailto:zmbenhal@netcom.com">Zeyd Ben-Halim</A> and
33650276Speter<A HREF="http://www.ccil.org/~esr/home.html">Eric S. Raymond</A>.
33750276SpeterOngoing work is being done by
33850276Speter<A HREF="mailto:dickey@clark.net">Thomas Dickey</A>
33950276Speterand
34050276Speter<A HREF="mailto:juergen.pfeifer@gmx.net">J&uuml;rgen Pfeifer</A>.
34150276Speter<A HREF="mailto:florian@gnu.org">Florian La Roche</A>
34250276Speteracts as the maintainer for the Free Software Foundation, which holds the
34350276Spetercopyright on ncurses.
34450276SpeterContact the current maintainers at
34550276Speter<A HREF="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">bug-ncurses@gnu.org</A>.
34650276Speter<P>
34750276Speter
34850276SpeterTo join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to
34950276Speter<CODE>bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org</CODE> containing the line:
35050276Speter<PRE>
35150276Speter             subscribe &lt;name&gt;@&lt;host.domain&gt;
35250276Speter</PRE>
35350276Speter
35450276SpeterThis list is open to anyone interested in helping with the development and
35550276Spetertesting of this package.<P>
35650276Speter
35750276SpeterBeta versions of ncurses and patches to the current release are made available at
35850276Speter<A HREF="ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses">ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/ncurses</A>.
35950276Speter
36050276Speter<H2>Future Plans</H2>
36150276Speter<UL>
36250276Speter<LI>Extended-level XPG4 conformance, with internationalization support.
36350276Speter<LI>Ports to more systems, including DOS and Windows.
36450276Speter</UL>
36550276SpeterWe need people to help with these projects.  If you are interested in working
36650276Speteron them, please join the ncurses list.
36750276Speter
36850276Speter<H2>Other Related Resources</H2>
36950276Speter
37050276SpeterThe distribution includes and uses a version of the terminfo-format
37150276Speterterminal description file maintained by Eric Raymond.
37250276Speter<A HREF="http://earthspace.net/~esr/terminfo">http://earthspace.net/~esr/terminfo</A>.<P>
37350276Speter
37450276SpeterYou can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
37550276Speternot covered in the terminfo file at
37650276Speter<A HREF="http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal_index.html">Richard Shuford's
37750276Speterarchive</A>.
37850276Speter</BODY>
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