random revision 249989
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===--------------------------- random -----------------------------------===//
3//
4//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5//
6// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
7// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8//
9//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10
11#ifndef _LIBCPP_RANDOM
12#define _LIBCPP_RANDOM
13
14/*
15    random synopsis
16
17#include <initializer_list>
18
19namespace std
20{
21
22// Engines
23
24template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
25class linear_congruential_engine
26{
27public:
28    // types
29    typedef UIntType result_type;
30
31    // engine characteristics
32    static constexpr result_type multiplier = a;
33    static constexpr result_type increment = c;
34    static constexpr result_type modulus = m;
35    static constexpr result_type min() { return c == 0u ? 1u: 0u;}
36    static constexpr result_type max() { return m - 1u;}
37    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 1u;
38
39    // constructors and seeding functions
40    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type s = default_seed);
41    template<class Sseq> explicit linear_congruential_engine(Sseq& q);
42    void seed(result_type s = default_seed);
43    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
44
45    // generating functions
46    result_type operator()();
47    void discard(unsigned long long z);
48};
49
50template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
51bool
52operator==(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x,
53           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y);
54
55template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
56bool
57operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x,
58           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y);
59
60template <class charT, class traits,
61          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
62basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
63operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
64           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x);
65
66template <class charT, class traits,
67          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
68basic_istream<charT, traits>&
69operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
70           linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x);
71
72template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
73          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
74          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
75class mersenne_twister_engine
76{
77public:
78    // types
79    typedef UIntType result_type;
80
81    // engine characteristics
82    static constexpr size_t word_size = w;
83    static constexpr size_t state_size = n;
84    static constexpr size_t shift_size = m;
85    static constexpr size_t mask_bits = r;
86    static constexpr result_type xor_mask = a;
87    static constexpr size_t tempering_u = u;
88    static constexpr result_type tempering_d = d;
89    static constexpr size_t tempering_s = s;
90    static constexpr result_type tempering_b = b;
91    static constexpr size_t tempering_t = t;
92    static constexpr result_type tempering_c = c;
93    static constexpr size_t tempering_l = l;
94    static constexpr result_type initialization_multiplier = f;
95    static constexpr result_type min () { return 0; }
96    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; }
97    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 5489u;
98
99    // constructors and seeding functions
100    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type value = default_seed);
101    template<class Sseq> explicit mersenne_twister_engine(Sseq& q);
102    void seed(result_type value = default_seed);
103    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
104
105    // generating functions
106    result_type operator()();
107    void discard(unsigned long long z);
108};
109
110template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
111          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
112          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
113bool
114operator==(
115    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x,
116    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y);
117
118template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
119          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
120          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
121bool
122operator!=(
123    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x,
124    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y);
125
126template <class charT, class traits,
127          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
128          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
129          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
130basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
131operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
132           const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x);
133
134template <class charT, class traits,
135          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
136          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
137          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
138basic_istream<charT, traits>&
139operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
140           mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x);
141
142template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
143class subtract_with_carry_engine
144{
145public:
146    // types
147    typedef UIntType result_type;
148
149    // engine characteristics
150    static constexpr size_t word_size = w;
151    static constexpr size_t short_lag = s;
152    static constexpr size_t long_lag = r;
153    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
154    static constexpr result_type max() { return m-1; }
155    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 19780503u;
156
157    // constructors and seeding functions
158    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type value = default_seed);
159    template<class Sseq> explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(Sseq& q);
160    void seed(result_type value = default_seed);
161    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
162
163    // generating functions
164    result_type operator()();
165    void discard(unsigned long long z);
166};
167
168template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
169bool
170operator==(
171    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x,
172    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y);
173
174template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
175bool
176operator!=(
177    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x,
178    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y);
179
180template <class charT, class traits,
181          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
182basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
183operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
184           const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x);
185
186template <class charT, class traits,
187          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
188basic_istream<charT, traits>&
189operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
190           subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x);
191
192template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
193class discard_block_engine
194{
195public:
196    // types
197    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type;
198
199    // engine characteristics
200    static constexpr size_t block_size = p;
201    static constexpr size_t used_block = r;
202    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min(); }
203    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max(); }
204
205    // constructors and seeding functions
206    discard_block_engine();
207    explicit discard_block_engine(const Engine& e);
208    explicit discard_block_engine(Engine&& e);
209    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type s);
210    template<class Sseq> explicit discard_block_engine(Sseq& q);
211    void seed();
212    void seed(result_type s);
213    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
214
215    // generating functions
216    result_type operator()();
217    void discard(unsigned long long z);
218
219    // property functions
220    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
221};
222
223template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
224bool
225operator==(
226    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x,
227    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y);
228
229template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
230bool
231operator!=(
232    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x,
233    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y);
234
235template <class charT, class traits,
236          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
237basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
238operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
239           const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x);
240
241template <class charT, class traits,
242          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
243basic_istream<charT, traits>&
244operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
245           discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x);
246
247template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
248class independent_bits_engine
249{
250public:
251    // types
252    typedef UIntType result_type;
253
254    // engine characteristics
255    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
256    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; }
257
258    // constructors and seeding functions
259    independent_bits_engine();
260    explicit independent_bits_engine(const Engine& e);
261    explicit independent_bits_engine(Engine&& e);
262    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type s);
263    template<class Sseq> explicit independent_bits_engine(Sseq& q);
264    void seed();
265    void seed(result_type s);
266    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
267
268    // generating functions
269    result_type operator()(); void discard(unsigned long long z);
270
271    // property functions
272    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
273};
274
275template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
276bool
277operator==(
278    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x,
279    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y);
280
281template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
282bool
283operator!=(
284    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x,
285    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y);
286
287template <class charT, class traits,
288          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
289basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
290operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
291           const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x);
292
293template <class charT, class traits,
294          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
295basic_istream<charT, traits>&
296operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
297           independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x);
298
299template<class Engine, size_t k>
300class shuffle_order_engine
301{
302public:
303    // types
304    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type;
305
306    // engine characteristics
307    static constexpr size_t table_size = k;
308    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min; }
309    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max; }
310
311    // constructors and seeding functions
312    shuffle_order_engine();
313    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const Engine& e);
314    explicit shuffle_order_engine(Engine&& e);
315    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type s);
316    template<class Sseq> explicit shuffle_order_engine(Sseq& q);
317    void seed();
318    void seed(result_type s);
319    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
320
321    // generating functions
322    result_type operator()();
323    void discard(unsigned long long z);
324
325    // property functions
326    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
327};
328
329template<class Engine, size_t k>
330bool
331operator==(
332    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x,
333    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y);
334
335template<class Engine, size_t k>
336bool
337operator!=(
338    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x,
339    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y);
340
341template <class charT, class traits,
342          class Engine, size_t k>
343basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
344operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
345           const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x);
346
347template <class charT, class traits,
348          class Engine, size_t k>
349basic_istream<charT, traits>&
350operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
351           shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x);
352
353typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>
354                                                                   minstd_rand0;
355typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>
356                                                                    minstd_rand;
357typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,
358                                0x9908b0df,
359                                11, 0xffffffff,
360                                7,  0x9d2c5680,
361                                15, 0xefc60000,
362                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937;
363typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,
364                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9,
365                                29, 0x5555555555555555,
366                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000,
367                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000,
368                                43, 6364136223846793005>             mt19937_64;
369typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base;
370typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base;
371typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23>                   ranlux24;
372typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11>                   ranlux48;
373typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b;
374typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine;
375
376// Generators
377
378class random_device
379{
380public:
381    // types
382    typedef unsigned int result_type;
383
384    // generator characteristics
385    static constexpr result_type min() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::min(); }
386    static constexpr result_type max() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::max(); }
387
388    // constructors
389    explicit random_device(const string& token = "/dev/urandom");
390
391    // generating functions
392    result_type operator()();
393
394    // property functions
395    double entropy() const noexcept;
396
397    // no copy functions
398    random_device(const random_device& ) = delete;
399    void operator=(const random_device& ) = delete;
400};
401
402// Utilities
403
404class seed_seq
405{
406public:
407    // types
408    typedef uint_least32_t result_type;
409
410    // constructors
411    seed_seq();
412    template<class T>
413        seed_seq(initializer_list<T> il);
414    template<class InputIterator>
415        seed_seq(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end);
416
417    // generating functions
418    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
419        void generate(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end);
420
421    // property functions
422    size_t size() const;
423    template<class OutputIterator>
424        void param(OutputIterator dest) const;
425
426    // no copy functions
427    seed_seq(const seed_seq&) = delete;
428    void operator=(const seed_seq& ) = delete;
429};
430
431template<class RealType, size_t bits, class URNG>
432    RealType generate_canonical(URNG& g);
433
434// Distributions
435
436template<class IntType = int>
437class uniform_int_distribution
438{
439public:
440    // types
441    typedef IntType result_type;
442
443    class param_type
444    {
445    public:
446        typedef uniform_int_distribution distribution_type;
447
448        explicit param_type(IntType a = 0,
449                                    IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max());
450
451        result_type a() const;
452        result_type b() const;
453
454        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
455        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
456    };
457
458    // constructors and reset functions
459    explicit uniform_int_distribution(IntType a = 0,
460                                    IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max());
461    explicit uniform_int_distribution(const param_type& parm);
462    void reset();
463
464    // generating functions
465    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
466    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
467
468    // property functions
469    result_type a() const;
470    result_type b() const;
471
472    param_type param() const;
473    void param(const param_type& parm);
474
475    result_type min() const;
476    result_type max() const;
477
478    friend bool operator==(const uniform_int_distribution& x,
479                           const uniform_int_distribution& y);
480    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_int_distribution& x,
481                           const uniform_int_distribution& y);
482
483    template <class charT, class traits>
484    friend
485    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
486    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
487               const uniform_int_distribution& x);
488
489    template <class charT, class traits>
490    friend
491    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
492    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
493               uniform_int_distribution& x);
494};
495
496template<class RealType = double>
497class uniform_real_distribution
498{
499public:
500    // types
501    typedef RealType result_type;
502
503    class param_type
504    {
505    public:
506        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type;
507
508        explicit param_type(RealType a = 0,
509                            RealType b = 1);
510
511        result_type a() const;
512        result_type b() const;
513
514        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
515        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
516    };
517
518    // constructors and reset functions
519    explicit uniform_real_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0);
520    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& parm);
521    void reset();
522
523    // generating functions
524    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
525    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
526
527    // property functions
528    result_type a() const;
529    result_type b() const;
530
531    param_type param() const;
532    void param(const param_type& parm);
533
534    result_type min() const;
535    result_type max() const;
536
537    friend bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& x,
538                           const uniform_real_distribution& y);
539    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& x,
540                           const uniform_real_distribution& y);
541
542    template <class charT, class traits>
543    friend
544    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
545    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
546               const uniform_real_distribution& x);
547
548    template <class charT, class traits>
549    friend
550    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
551    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
552               uniform_real_distribution& x);
553};
554
555class bernoulli_distribution
556{
557public:
558    // types
559    typedef bool result_type;
560
561    class param_type
562    {
563    public:
564        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type;
565
566        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5);
567
568        double p() const;
569
570        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
571        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
572    };
573
574    // constructors and reset functions
575    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double p = 0.5);
576    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& parm);
577    void reset();
578
579    // generating functions
580    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
581    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
582
583    // property functions
584    double p() const;
585
586    param_type param() const;
587    void param(const param_type& parm);
588
589    result_type min() const;
590    result_type max() const;
591
592    friend bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& x,
593                           const bernoulli_distribution& y);
594    friend bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& x,
595                           const bernoulli_distribution& y);
596
597    template <class charT, class traits>
598    friend
599    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
600    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
601               const bernoulli_distribution& x);
602
603    template <class charT, class traits>
604    friend
605    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
606    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
607               bernoulli_distribution& x);
608};
609
610template<class IntType = int>
611class binomial_distribution
612{
613public:
614    // types
615    typedef IntType result_type;
616
617    class param_type
618    {
619    public:
620        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type;
621
622        explicit param_type(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5);
623
624        IntType t() const;
625        double p() const;
626
627        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
628        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
629    };
630
631    // constructors and reset functions
632    explicit binomial_distribution(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5);
633    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm);
634    void reset();
635
636    // generating functions
637    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
638    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
639
640    // property functions
641    IntType t() const;
642    double p() const;
643
644    param_type param() const;
645    void param(const param_type& parm);
646
647    result_type min() const;
648    result_type max() const;
649
650    friend bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& x,
651                           const binomial_distribution& y);
652    friend bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& x,
653                           const binomial_distribution& y);
654
655    template <class charT, class traits>
656    friend
657    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
658    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
659               const binomial_distribution& x);
660
661    template <class charT, class traits>
662    friend
663    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
664    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
665               binomial_distribution& x);
666};
667
668template<class IntType = int>
669class geometric_distribution
670{
671public:
672    // types
673    typedef IntType result_type;
674
675    class param_type
676    {
677    public:
678        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type;
679
680        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5);
681
682        double p() const;
683
684        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
685        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
686    };
687
688    // constructors and reset functions
689    explicit geometric_distribution(double p = 0.5);
690    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& parm);
691    void reset();
692
693    // generating functions
694    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
695    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
696
697    // property functions
698    double p() const;
699
700    param_type param() const;
701    void param(const param_type& parm);
702
703    result_type min() const;
704    result_type max() const;
705
706    friend bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& x,
707                           const geometric_distribution& y);
708    friend bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& x,
709                           const geometric_distribution& y);
710
711    template <class charT, class traits>
712    friend
713    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
714    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
715               const geometric_distribution& x);
716
717    template <class charT, class traits>
718    friend
719    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
720    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
721               geometric_distribution& x);
722};
723
724template<class IntType = int>
725class negative_binomial_distribution
726{
727public:
728    // types
729    typedef IntType result_type;
730
731    class param_type
732    {
733    public:
734        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type;
735
736        explicit param_type(result_type k = 1, double p = 0.5);
737
738        result_type k() const;
739        double p() const;
740
741        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
742        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
743    };
744
745    // constructor and reset functions
746    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type k = 1, double p = 0.5);
747    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm);
748    void reset();
749
750    // generating functions
751    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
752    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
753
754    // property functions
755    result_type k() const;
756    double p() const;
757
758    param_type param() const;
759    void param(const param_type& parm);
760
761    result_type min() const;
762    result_type max() const;
763
764    friend bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& x,
765                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y);
766    friend bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& x,
767                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y);
768
769    template <class charT, class traits>
770    friend
771    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
772    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
773               const negative_binomial_distribution& x);
774
775    template <class charT, class traits>
776    friend
777    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
778    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
779               negative_binomial_distribution& x);
780};
781
782template<class IntType = int>
783class poisson_distribution
784{
785public:
786    // types
787    typedef IntType result_type;
788
789    class param_type
790    {
791    public:
792        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type;
793
794        explicit param_type(double mean = 1.0);
795
796        double mean() const;
797
798        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
799        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
800    };
801
802    // constructors and reset functions
803    explicit poisson_distribution(double mean = 1.0);
804    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& parm);
805    void reset();
806
807    // generating functions
808    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
809    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
810
811    // property functions
812    double mean() const;
813
814    param_type param() const;
815    void param(const param_type& parm);
816
817    result_type min() const;
818    result_type max() const;
819
820    friend bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& x,
821                           const poisson_distribution& y);
822    friend bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& x,
823                           const poisson_distribution& y);
824
825    template <class charT, class traits>
826    friend
827    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
828    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
829               const poisson_distribution& x);
830
831    template <class charT, class traits>
832    friend
833    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
834    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
835               poisson_distribution& x);
836};
837
838template<class RealType = double>
839class exponential_distribution
840{
841public:
842    // types
843    typedef RealType result_type;
844
845    class param_type
846    {
847    public:
848        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type;
849
850        explicit param_type(result_type lambda = 1.0);
851
852        result_type lambda() const;
853
854        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
855        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
856    };
857
858    // constructors and reset functions
859    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type lambda = 1.0);
860    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& parm);
861    void reset();
862
863    // generating functions
864    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
865    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
866
867    // property functions
868    result_type lambda() const;
869
870    param_type param() const;
871    void param(const param_type& parm);
872
873    result_type min() const;
874    result_type max() const;
875
876    friend bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& x,
877                           const exponential_distribution& y);
878    friend bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& x,
879                           const exponential_distribution& y);
880
881    template <class charT, class traits>
882    friend
883    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
884    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
885               const exponential_distribution& x);
886
887    template <class charT, class traits>
888    friend
889    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
890    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
891               exponential_distribution& x);
892};
893
894template<class RealType = double>
895class gamma_distribution
896{
897public:
898    // types
899    typedef RealType result_type;
900
901    class param_type
902    {
903    public:
904        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type;
905
906        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1);
907
908        result_type alpha() const;
909        result_type beta() const;
910
911        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
912        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
913    };
914
915    // constructors and reset functions
916    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1);
917    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& parm);
918    void reset();
919
920    // generating functions
921    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
922    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
923
924    // property functions
925    result_type alpha() const;
926    result_type beta() const;
927
928    param_type param() const;
929    void param(const param_type& parm);
930
931    result_type min() const;
932    result_type max() const;
933
934    friend bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& x,
935                           const gamma_distribution& y);
936    friend bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& x,
937                           const gamma_distribution& y);
938
939    template <class charT, class traits>
940    friend
941    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
942    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
943               const gamma_distribution& x);
944
945    template <class charT, class traits>
946    friend
947    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
948    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
949               gamma_distribution& x);
950};
951
952template<class RealType = double>
953class weibull_distribution
954{
955public:
956    // types
957    typedef RealType result_type;
958
959    class param_type
960    {
961    public:
962        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type;
963
964        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1);
965
966        result_type a() const;
967        result_type b() const;
968
969        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
970        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
971    };
972
973    // constructor and reset functions
974    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type a = 1, result_type b = 1);
975    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& parm);
976    void reset();
977
978    // generating functions
979    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
980    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
981
982    // property functions
983    result_type a() const;
984    result_type b() const;
985
986    param_type param() const;
987    void param(const param_type& parm);
988
989    result_type min() const;
990    result_type max() const;
991
992    friend bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& x,
993                           const weibull_distribution& y);
994    friend bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& x,
995                           const weibull_distribution& y);
996
997    template <class charT, class traits>
998    friend
999    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1000    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1001               const weibull_distribution& x);
1002
1003    template <class charT, class traits>
1004    friend
1005    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1006    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1007               weibull_distribution& x);
1008};
1009
1010template<class RealType = double>
1011class extreme_value_distribution
1012{
1013public:
1014    // types
1015    typedef RealType result_type;
1016
1017    class param_type
1018    {
1019    public:
1020        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type;
1021
1022        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
1023
1024        result_type a() const;
1025        result_type b() const;
1026
1027        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1028        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1029    };
1030
1031    // constructor and reset functions
1032    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
1033    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1034    void reset();
1035
1036    // generating functions
1037    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1038    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1039
1040    // property functions
1041    result_type a() const;
1042    result_type b() const;
1043
1044    param_type param() const;
1045    void param(const param_type& parm);
1046
1047    result_type min() const;
1048    result_type max() const;
1049
1050    friend bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& x,
1051                           const extreme_value_distribution& y);
1052    friend bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& x,
1053                           const extreme_value_distribution& y);
1054
1055    template <class charT, class traits>
1056    friend
1057    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1058    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1059               const extreme_value_distribution& x);
1060
1061    template <class charT, class traits>
1062    friend
1063    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1064    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1065               extreme_value_distribution& x);
1066};
1067
1068template<class RealType = double>
1069class normal_distribution
1070{
1071public:
1072    // types
1073    typedef RealType result_type;
1074
1075    class param_type
1076    {
1077    public:
1078        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type;
1079
1080        explicit param_type(result_type mean = 0, result_type stddev = 1);
1081
1082        result_type mean() const;
1083        result_type stddev() const;
1084
1085        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1086        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1087    };
1088
1089    // constructors and reset functions
1090    explicit normal_distribution(result_type mean = 0, result_type stddev = 1);
1091    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1092    void reset();
1093
1094    // generating functions
1095    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1096    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1097
1098    // property functions
1099    result_type mean() const;
1100    result_type stddev() const;
1101
1102    param_type param() const;
1103    void param(const param_type& parm);
1104
1105    result_type min() const;
1106    result_type max() const;
1107
1108    friend bool operator==(const normal_distribution& x,
1109                           const normal_distribution& y);
1110    friend bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& x,
1111                           const normal_distribution& y);
1112
1113    template <class charT, class traits>
1114    friend
1115    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1116    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1117               const normal_distribution& x);
1118
1119    template <class charT, class traits>
1120    friend
1121    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1122    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1123               normal_distribution& x);
1124};
1125
1126template<class RealType = double>
1127class lognormal_distribution
1128{
1129public:
1130    // types
1131    typedef RealType result_type;
1132
1133    class param_type
1134    {
1135    public:
1136        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type;
1137
1138        explicit param_type(result_type m = 0, result_type s = 1);
1139
1140        result_type m() const;
1141        result_type s() const;
1142
1143        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1144        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1145    };
1146
1147    // constructor and reset functions
1148    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type m = 0, result_type s = 1);
1149    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1150    void reset();
1151
1152    // generating functions
1153    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1154    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1155
1156    // property functions
1157    result_type m() const;
1158    result_type s() const;
1159
1160    param_type param() const;
1161    void param(const param_type& parm);
1162
1163    result_type min() const;
1164    result_type max() const;
1165
1166    friend bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& x,
1167                           const lognormal_distribution& y);
1168    friend bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& x,
1169                           const lognormal_distribution& y);
1170
1171    template <class charT, class traits>
1172    friend
1173    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1174    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1175               const lognormal_distribution& x);
1176
1177    template <class charT, class traits>
1178    friend
1179    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1180    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1181               lognormal_distribution& x);
1182};
1183
1184template<class RealType = double>
1185class chi_squared_distribution
1186{
1187public:
1188    // types
1189    typedef RealType result_type;
1190
1191    class param_type
1192    {
1193    public:
1194        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type;
1195
1196        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1);
1197
1198        result_type n() const;
1199
1200        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1201        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1202    };
1203
1204    // constructor and reset functions
1205    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type n = 1);
1206    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1207    void reset();
1208
1209    // generating functions
1210    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1211    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1212
1213    // property functions
1214    result_type n() const;
1215
1216    param_type param() const;
1217    void param(const param_type& parm);
1218
1219    result_type min() const;
1220    result_type max() const;
1221
1222    friend bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& x,
1223                           const chi_squared_distribution& y);
1224    friend bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& x,
1225                           const chi_squared_distribution& y);
1226
1227    template <class charT, class traits>
1228    friend
1229    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1230    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1231               const chi_squared_distribution& x);
1232
1233    template <class charT, class traits>
1234    friend
1235    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1236    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1237               chi_squared_distribution& x);
1238};
1239
1240template<class RealType = double>
1241class cauchy_distribution
1242{
1243public:
1244    // types
1245    typedef RealType result_type;
1246
1247    class param_type
1248    {
1249    public:
1250        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type;
1251
1252        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
1253
1254        result_type a() const;
1255        result_type b() const;
1256
1257        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1258        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1259    };
1260
1261    // constructor and reset functions
1262    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
1263    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1264    void reset();
1265
1266    // generating functions
1267    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1268    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1269
1270    // property functions
1271    result_type a() const;
1272    result_type b() const;
1273
1274    param_type param() const;
1275    void param(const param_type& parm);
1276
1277    result_type min() const;
1278    result_type max() const;
1279
1280    friend bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& x,
1281                           const cauchy_distribution& y);
1282    friend bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& x,
1283                           const cauchy_distribution& y);
1284
1285    template <class charT, class traits>
1286    friend
1287    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1288    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1289               const cauchy_distribution& x);
1290
1291    template <class charT, class traits>
1292    friend
1293    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1294    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1295               cauchy_distribution& x);
1296};
1297
1298template<class RealType = double>
1299class fisher_f_distribution
1300{
1301public:
1302    // types
1303    typedef RealType result_type;
1304
1305    class param_type
1306    {
1307    public:
1308        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type;
1309
1310        explicit param_type(result_type m = 1, result_type n = 1);
1311
1312        result_type m() const;
1313        result_type n() const;
1314
1315        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1316        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1317    };
1318
1319    // constructor and reset functions
1320    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type m = 1, result_type n = 1);
1321    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1322    void reset();
1323
1324    // generating functions
1325    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1326    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1327
1328    // property functions
1329    result_type m() const;
1330    result_type n() const;
1331
1332    param_type param() const;
1333    void param(const param_type& parm);
1334
1335    result_type min() const;
1336    result_type max() const;
1337
1338    friend bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& x,
1339                           const fisher_f_distribution& y);
1340    friend bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& x,
1341                           const fisher_f_distribution& y);
1342
1343    template <class charT, class traits>
1344    friend
1345    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1346    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1347               const fisher_f_distribution& x);
1348
1349    template <class charT, class traits>
1350    friend
1351    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1352    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1353               fisher_f_distribution& x);
1354};
1355
1356template<class RealType = double>
1357class student_t_distribution
1358{
1359public:
1360    // types
1361    typedef RealType result_type;
1362
1363    class param_type
1364    {
1365    public:
1366        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type;
1367
1368        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1);
1369
1370        result_type n() const;
1371
1372        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1373        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1374    };
1375
1376    // constructor and reset functions
1377    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type n = 1);
1378    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1379    void reset();
1380
1381    // generating functions
1382    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1383    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1384
1385    // property functions
1386    result_type n() const;
1387
1388    param_type param() const;
1389    void param(const param_type& parm);
1390
1391    result_type min() const;
1392    result_type max() const;
1393
1394    friend bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& x,
1395                           const student_t_distribution& y);
1396    friend bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& x,
1397                           const student_t_distribution& y);
1398
1399    template <class charT, class traits>
1400    friend
1401    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1402    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1403               const student_t_distribution& x);
1404
1405    template <class charT, class traits>
1406    friend
1407    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1408    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1409               student_t_distribution& x);
1410};
1411
1412template<class IntType = int>
1413class discrete_distribution
1414{
1415public:
1416    // types
1417    typedef IntType result_type;
1418
1419    class param_type
1420    {
1421    public:
1422        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type;
1423
1424        param_type();
1425        template<class InputIterator>
1426            param_type(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW);
1427        param_type(initializer_list<double> wl);
1428        template<class UnaryOperation>
1429            param_type(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
1430
1431        vector<double> probabilities() const;
1432
1433        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1434        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1435    };
1436
1437    // constructor and reset functions
1438    discrete_distribution();
1439    template<class InputIterator>
1440        discrete_distribution(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW);
1441    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> wl);
1442    template<class UnaryOperation>
1443        discrete_distribution(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax,
1444                              UnaryOperation fw);
1445    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1446    void reset();
1447
1448    // generating functions
1449    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1450    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1451
1452    // property functions
1453    vector<double> probabilities() const;
1454
1455    param_type param() const;
1456    void param(const param_type& parm);
1457
1458    result_type min() const;
1459    result_type max() const;
1460
1461    friend bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& x,
1462                           const discrete_distribution& y);
1463    friend bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& x,
1464                           const discrete_distribution& y);
1465
1466    template <class charT, class traits>
1467    friend
1468    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1469    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1470               const discrete_distribution& x);
1471
1472    template <class charT, class traits>
1473    friend
1474    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1475    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1476               discrete_distribution& x);
1477};
1478
1479template<class RealType = double>
1480class piecewise_constant_distribution
1481{
1482    // types
1483    typedef RealType result_type;
1484
1485    class param_type
1486    {
1487    public:
1488        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type;
1489
1490        param_type();
1491        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
1492            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB,
1493                       InputIteratorW firstW);
1494        template<class UnaryOperation>
1495            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw);
1496        template<class UnaryOperation>
1497            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax,
1498                       UnaryOperation fw);
1499
1500        vector<result_type> intervals() const;
1501        vector<result_type> densities() const;
1502
1503        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1504        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1505    };
1506
1507    // constructor and reset functions
1508    piecewise_constant_distribution();
1509    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
1510        piecewise_constant_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB,
1511                                        InputIteratorB lastB,
1512                                        InputIteratorW firstW);
1513    template<class UnaryOperation>
1514        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl,
1515                                        UnaryOperation fw);
1516    template<class UnaryOperation>
1517        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin,
1518                                        result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
1519    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1520    void reset();
1521
1522    // generating functions
1523    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1524    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1525
1526    // property functions
1527    vector<result_type> intervals() const;
1528    vector<result_type> densities() const;
1529
1530    param_type param() const;
1531    void param(const param_type& parm);
1532
1533    result_type min() const;
1534    result_type max() const;
1535
1536    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x,
1537                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y);
1538    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x,
1539                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y);
1540
1541    template <class charT, class traits>
1542    friend
1543    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1544    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1545               const piecewise_constant_distribution& x);
1546
1547    template <class charT, class traits>
1548    friend
1549    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1550    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1551               piecewise_constant_distribution& x);
1552};
1553
1554template<class RealType = double>
1555class piecewise_linear_distribution
1556{
1557    // types
1558    typedef RealType result_type;
1559
1560    class param_type
1561    {
1562    public:
1563        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type;
1564
1565        param_type();
1566        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
1567            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB,
1568                       InputIteratorW firstW);
1569        template<class UnaryOperation>
1570            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw);
1571        template<class UnaryOperation>
1572            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax,
1573                       UnaryOperation fw);
1574
1575        vector<result_type> intervals() const;
1576        vector<result_type> densities() const;
1577
1578        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1579        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
1580    };
1581
1582    // constructor and reset functions
1583    piecewise_linear_distribution();
1584    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
1585        piecewise_linear_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB,
1586                                      InputIteratorB lastB,
1587                                      InputIteratorW firstW);
1588
1589    template<class UnaryOperation>
1590        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl,
1591                                      UnaryOperation fw);
1592
1593    template<class UnaryOperation>
1594        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin,
1595                                      result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
1596
1597    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& parm);
1598    void reset();
1599
1600    // generating functions
1601    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
1602    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
1603
1604    // property functions
1605    vector<result_type> intervals() const;
1606    vector<result_type> densities() const;
1607
1608    param_type param() const;
1609    void param(const param_type& parm);
1610
1611    result_type min() const;
1612    result_type max() const;
1613
1614    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x,
1615                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y);
1616    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x,
1617                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y);
1618
1619    template <class charT, class traits>
1620    friend
1621    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
1622    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
1623               const piecewise_linear_distribution& x);
1624
1625    template <class charT, class traits>
1626    friend
1627    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
1628    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
1629               piecewise_linear_distribution& x);
1630};
1631
1632} // std
1633*/
1634
1635#include <__config>
1636#include <cstddef>
1637#include <type_traits>
1638#include <initializer_list>
1639#include <cstdint>
1640#include <limits>
1641#include <algorithm>
1642#include <numeric>
1643#include <vector>
1644#include <string>
1645#include <istream>
1646#include <ostream>
1647#include <cmath>
1648
1649#include <__undef_min_max>
1650
1651#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
1652#pragma GCC system_header
1653#endif
1654
1655_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
1656
1657// __is_seed_sequence
1658
1659template <class _Sseq, class _Engine>
1660struct __is_seed_sequence
1661{
1662    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const bool value =
1663              !is_convertible<_Sseq, typename _Engine::result_type>::value &&
1664              !is_same<typename remove_cv<_Sseq>::type, _Engine>::value;
1665};
1666
1667// linear_congruential_engine
1668
1669template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c,
1670          unsigned long long __m, unsigned long long _Mp,
1671          bool _MightOverflow = (__a != 0 && __m != 0 && __m-1 > (_Mp-__c)/__a)>
1672struct __lce_ta;
1673
1674// 64
1675
1676template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m>
1677struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true>
1678{
1679    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
1680    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1681    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1682    {
1683        // Schrage's algorithm
1684        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
1685        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
1686        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
1687        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
1688        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
1689        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m;
1690        return __x;
1691    }
1692};
1693
1694template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __m>
1695struct __lce_ta<__a, 0, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true>
1696{
1697    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
1698    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1699    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1700    {
1701        // Schrage's algorithm
1702        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
1703        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
1704        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
1705        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
1706        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
1707        return __x;
1708    }
1709};
1710
1711template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m>
1712struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), false>
1713{
1714    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
1715    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1716    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1717    {
1718        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m;
1719    }
1720};
1721
1722template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c>
1723struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, 0, (unsigned long long)(~0), false>
1724{
1725    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
1726    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1727    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1728    {
1729        return __a * __x + __c;
1730    }
1731};
1732
1733// 32
1734
1735template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp>
1736struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true>
1737{
1738    typedef unsigned result_type;
1739    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1740    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1741    {
1742        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
1743        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
1744        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
1745        // Schrage's algorithm
1746        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
1747        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
1748        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
1749        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
1750        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
1751        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m;
1752        return __x;
1753    }
1754};
1755
1756template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Mp>
1757struct __lce_ta<_Ap, 0, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true>
1758{
1759    typedef unsigned result_type;
1760    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1761    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1762    {
1763        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
1764        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
1765        // Schrage's algorithm
1766        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
1767        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
1768        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
1769        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
1770        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
1771        return __x;
1772    }
1773};
1774
1775template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp>
1776struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), false>
1777{
1778    typedef unsigned result_type;
1779    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1780    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1781    {
1782        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
1783        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
1784        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
1785        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m;
1786    }
1787};
1788
1789template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp>
1790struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, 0, unsigned(~0), false>
1791{
1792    typedef unsigned result_type;
1793    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1794    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1795    {
1796        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
1797        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
1798        return __a * __x + __c;
1799    }
1800};
1801
1802// 16
1803
1804template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m, bool __b>
1805struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned short)(~0), __b>
1806{
1807    typedef unsigned short result_type;
1808    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1809    static result_type next(result_type __x)
1810    {
1811        return static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, unsigned(~0)>::next(__x));
1812    }
1813};
1814
1815template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1816class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS linear_congruential_engine;
1817
1818template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
1819          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
1820_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1821basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
1822operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
1823           const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&);
1824
1825template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
1826          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
1827basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
1828operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
1829           linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x);
1830
1831template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1832class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS linear_congruential_engine
1833{
1834public:
1835    // types
1836    typedef _UIntType result_type;
1837
1838private:
1839    result_type __x_;
1840
1841    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Mp = result_type(~0);
1842
1843    static_assert(__m == 0 || __a < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
1844    static_assert(__m == 0 || __c < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
1845public:
1846    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = __c == 0u ? 1u: 0u;
1847    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __m - 1u;
1848    static_assert(_Min < _Max,           "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
1849
1850    // engine characteristics
1851    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type multiplier = __a;
1852    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type increment = __c;
1853    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type modulus = __m;
1854    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1855    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() {return _Min;}
1856    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1857    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() {return _Max;}
1858    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 1u;
1859
1860    // constructors and seeding functions
1861    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1862    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type __s = default_seed)
1863        {seed(__s);}
1864    template<class _Sseq>
1865        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1866        explicit linear_congruential_engine(_Sseq& __q,
1867        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
1868        {seed(__q);}
1869    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1870    void seed(result_type __s = default_seed)
1871        {seed(integral_constant<bool, __m == 0>(),
1872              integral_constant<bool, __c == 0>(), __s);}
1873    template<class _Sseq>
1874        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1875        typename enable_if
1876        <
1877            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value,
1878            void
1879        >::type
1880        seed(_Sseq& __q)
1881            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned,
1882                1 + (__m == 0 ? (sizeof(result_type) * __CHAR_BIT__ - 1)/32
1883                             :  (__m-1) / 0x100000000ull)>());}
1884
1885    // generating functions
1886    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1887    result_type operator()()
1888        {return __x_ = static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, _Mp>::next(__x_));}
1889    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1890    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
1891
1892    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1893    bool operator==(const linear_congruential_engine& __x,
1894                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y)
1895        {return __x.__x_ == __y.__x_;}
1896    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1897    bool operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine& __x,
1898                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y)
1899        {return !(__x == __y);}
1900
1901private:
1902
1903    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1904    void seed(true_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s == 0 ? 1 : __s;}
1905    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1906    void seed(true_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s;}
1907    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1908    void seed(false_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m == 0 ?
1909                                                                 1 : __s % __m;}
1910    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1911    void seed(false_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m;}
1912
1913    template<class _Sseq>
1914        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
1915    template<class _Sseq>
1916        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
1917
1918    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
1919              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
1920    friend
1921    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
1922    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
1923               const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&);
1924
1925    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
1926              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
1927    friend
1928    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
1929    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
1930               linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x);
1931};
1932
1933template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1934    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
1935    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::multiplier;
1936
1937template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1938    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
1939    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::increment;
1940
1941template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1942    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
1943    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::modulus;
1944
1945template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1946    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
1947    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::default_seed;
1948
1949template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1950template<class _Sseq>
1951void
1952linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
1953                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
1954{
1955    const unsigned __k = 1;
1956    uint32_t __ar[__k+3];
1957    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3);
1958    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[3] % __m);
1959    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s;
1960}
1961
1962template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
1963template<class _Sseq>
1964void
1965linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
1966                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
1967{
1968    const unsigned __k = 2;
1969    uint32_t __ar[__k+3];
1970    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3);
1971    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>((__ar[3] +
1972                                                (uint64_t)__ar[4] << 32) % __m);
1973    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s;
1974}
1975
1976template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
1977class __save_flags
1978{
1979    typedef basic_ios<_CharT, _Traits> __stream_type;
1980    typedef typename __stream_type::fmtflags fmtflags;
1981
1982    __stream_type& __stream_;
1983    fmtflags       __fmtflags_;
1984    _CharT         __fill_;
1985
1986    __save_flags(const __save_flags&);
1987    __save_flags& operator=(const __save_flags&);
1988public:
1989    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1990    explicit __save_flags(__stream_type& __stream)
1991        : __stream_(__stream),
1992          __fmtflags_(__stream.flags()),
1993          __fill_(__stream.fill())
1994        {}
1995    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1996    ~__save_flags()
1997    {
1998        __stream_.flags(__fmtflags_);
1999        __stream_.fill(__fill_);
2000    }
2001};
2002
2003template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2004          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
2005inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2006basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2007operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2008           const linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x)
2009{
2010    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
2011    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
2012    __os.fill(__os.widen(' '));
2013    return __os << __x.__x_;
2014}
2015
2016template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2017          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
2018basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2019operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2020           linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x)
2021{
2022    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
2023    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
2024    _UIntType __t;
2025    __is >> __t;
2026    if (!__is.fail())
2027        __x.__x_ = __t;
2028    return __is;
2029}
2030
2031typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>
2032                                                                   minstd_rand0;
2033typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>
2034                                                                    minstd_rand;
2035typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine;
2036// mersenne_twister_engine
2037
2038template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2039          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2040          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2041class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine;
2042
2043template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2044          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2045          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2046bool
2047operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2048                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2049           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2050                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
2051
2052template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2053          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2054          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2055_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2056bool
2057operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2058                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2059           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2060                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
2061
2062template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2063          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2064          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2065          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2066basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2067operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2068           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2069                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
2070
2071template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2072          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2073          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2074          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2075basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2076operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2077           mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2078                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
2079
2080template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2081          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2082          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2083class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine
2084{
2085public:
2086    // types
2087    typedef _UIntType result_type;
2088
2089private:
2090    result_type __x_[__n];
2091    size_t      __i_;
2092
2093    static_assert(  0 <  __m, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2094    static_assert(__m <= __n, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2095    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
2096    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2097    static_assert(  2 <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2098    static_assert(__r <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2099    static_assert(__u <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2100    static_assert(__s <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2101    static_assert(__t <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2102    static_assert(__l <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2103public:
2104    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
2105    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
2106                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
2107    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2108    static_assert(__a <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2109    static_assert(__b <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2110    static_assert(__c <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2111    static_assert(__d <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2112    static_assert(__f <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
2113
2114    // engine characteristics
2115    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w;
2116    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t state_size = __n;
2117    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shift_size = __m;
2118    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t mask_bits = __r;
2119    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type xor_mask = __a;
2120    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_u = __u;
2121    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_d = __d;
2122    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_s = __s;
2123    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_b = __b;
2124    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_t = __t;
2125    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_c = __c;
2126    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_l = __l;
2127    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type initialization_multiplier = __f;
2128    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2129    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
2130    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2131    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
2132    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 5489u;
2133
2134    // constructors and seeding functions
2135    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2136    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed)
2137        {seed(__sd);}
2138    template<class _Sseq>
2139        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2140        explicit mersenne_twister_engine(_Sseq& __q,
2141        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
2142        {seed(__q);}
2143    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed);
2144    template<class _Sseq>
2145        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2146        typename enable_if
2147        <
2148            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value,
2149            void
2150        >::type
2151        seed(_Sseq& __q)
2152            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
2153
2154    // generating functions
2155    result_type operator()();
2156    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2157    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
2158
2159    template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2160              _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2161              _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2162    friend
2163    bool
2164    operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2165                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2166               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2167                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
2168
2169    template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2170              _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2171              _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2172    friend
2173    bool
2174    operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2175                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2176               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2177                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
2178
2179    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2180              class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2181              _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2182              _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2183    friend
2184    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2185    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2186               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2187                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
2188
2189    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2190              class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2191              _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2192              _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2193    friend
2194    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2195    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2196               mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2197                                       _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
2198private:
2199
2200    template<class _Sseq>
2201        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
2202    template<class _Sseq>
2203        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
2204
2205    template <size_t __count>
2206        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2207        static
2208        typename enable_if
2209        <
2210            __count < __w,
2211            result_type
2212        >::type
2213        __lshift(result_type __x) {return (__x << __count) & _Max;}
2214
2215    template <size_t __count>
2216        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2217        static
2218        typename enable_if
2219        <
2220            (__count >= __w),
2221            result_type
2222        >::type
2223        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
2224
2225    template <size_t __count>
2226        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2227        static
2228        typename enable_if
2229        <
2230            __count < _Dt,
2231            result_type
2232        >::type
2233        __rshift(result_type __x) {return __x >> __count;}
2234
2235    template <size_t __count>
2236        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2237        static
2238        typename enable_if
2239        <
2240            (__count >= _Dt),
2241            result_type
2242        >::type
2243        __rshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
2244};
2245
2246template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2247          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2248          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2249    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
2250    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::word_size;
2251
2252template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2253          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2254          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2255    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2256    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::state_size;
2257
2258template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2259          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2260          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2261    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2262    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::shift_size;
2263
2264template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2265          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2266          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2267    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2268    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::mask_bits;
2269
2270template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2271          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2272          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2273    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2274    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::xor_mask;
2275
2276template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2277          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2278          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2279    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2280    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_u;
2281
2282template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2283          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2284          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2285    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2286    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_d;
2287
2288template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2289          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2290          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2291    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2292    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_s;
2293
2294template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2295          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2296          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2297    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2298    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_b;
2299
2300template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2301          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2302          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2303    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2304    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_t;
2305
2306template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2307          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2308          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2309    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2310    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_c;
2311
2312template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2313          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2314          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2315    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
2316    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_l;
2317
2318template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2319          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2320          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2321    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2322    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::initialization_multiplier;
2323
2324template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2325          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2326          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2327    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
2328    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::default_seed;
2329
2330template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2331          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2332          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2333void
2334mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
2335    __t, __c, __l, __f>::seed(result_type __sd)
2336{   // __w >= 2
2337    __x_[0] = __sd & _Max;
2338    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
2339        __x_[__i] = (__f * (__x_[__i-1] ^ __rshift<__w - 2>(__x_[__i-1])) + __i) & _Max;
2340    __i_ = 0;
2341}
2342
2343template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2344          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2345          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2346template<class _Sseq>
2347void
2348mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
2349    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
2350{
2351    const unsigned __k = 1;
2352    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k];
2353    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k);
2354    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
2355        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max);
2356    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
2357                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
2358    __i_ = 0;
2359    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0)
2360    {
2361        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
2362            if (__x_[__i] != 0)
2363                return;
2364        __x_[0] = _Max;
2365    }
2366}
2367
2368template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2369          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2370          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2371template<class _Sseq>
2372void
2373mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
2374    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
2375{
2376    const unsigned __k = 2;
2377    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k];
2378    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k);
2379    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
2380        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
2381            (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max);
2382    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
2383                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
2384    __i_ = 0;
2385    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0)
2386    {
2387        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
2388            if (__x_[__i] != 0)
2389                return;
2390        __x_[0] = _Max;
2391    }
2392}
2393
2394template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
2395          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
2396          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
2397_UIntType
2398mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
2399    __t, __c, __l, __f>::operator()()
2400{
2401    const size_t __j = (__i_ + 1) % __n;
2402    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
2403                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
2404    const result_type _Yp = (__x_[__i_] & ~__mask) | (__x_[__j] & __mask);
2405    const size_t __k = (__i_ + __m) % __n;
2406    __x_[__i_] = __x_[__k] ^ __rshift<1>(_Yp) ^ (__a * (_Yp & 1));
2407    result_type __z = __x_[__i_] ^ (__rshift<__u>(__x_[__i_]) & __d);
2408    __i_ = __j;
2409    __z ^= __lshift<__s>(__z) & __b;
2410    __z ^= __lshift<__t>(__z) & __c;
2411    return __z ^ __rshift<__l>(__z);
2412}
2413
2414template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2415          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2416          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2417bool
2418operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2419                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2420           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2421                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y)
2422{
2423    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_)
2424        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_);
2425    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0)
2426    {
2427        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Np - __x.__i_, _Np - __y.__i_);
2428        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j,
2429                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
2430            return false;
2431        if (__x.__i_ == 0)
2432            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_);
2433        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Np - __j), __y.__x_ + __j);
2434    }
2435    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_)
2436    {
2437        size_t __j = _Np - __y.__i_;
2438        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j),
2439                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
2440            return false;
2441        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Np,
2442                         __y.__x_))
2443            return false;
2444        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_,
2445                           __y.__x_ + (_Np - (__x.__i_ + __j)));
2446    }
2447    size_t __j = _Np - __x.__i_;
2448    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j),
2449                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_))
2450        return false;
2451    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Np,
2452                     __x.__x_))
2453        return false;
2454    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_,
2455                       __x.__x_ + (_Np - (__y.__i_ + __j)));
2456}
2457
2458template <class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2459          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2460          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2461inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2462bool
2463operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2464                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
2465           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2466                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y)
2467{
2468    return !(__x == __y);
2469}
2470
2471template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2472          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2473          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2474          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2475basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2476operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2477           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2478                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x)
2479{
2480    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
2481    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
2482    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
2483    __os.fill(__sp);
2484    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_];
2485    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Np; ++__j)
2486        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
2487    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j)
2488        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
2489    return __os;
2490}
2491
2492template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2493          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
2494          _UI _Ap, size_t _Up, _UI _Dp, size_t _Sp,
2495          _UI _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UI _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UI _Fp>
2496basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2497operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2498           mersenne_twister_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
2499                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x)
2500{
2501    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
2502    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
2503    _UI __t[_Np];
2504    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i)
2505        __is >> __t[__i];
2506    if (!__is.fail())
2507    {
2508        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i)
2509            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i];
2510        __x.__i_ = 0;
2511    }
2512    return __is;
2513}
2514
2515typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,
2516                                0x9908b0df, 11, 0xffffffff,
2517                                7,  0x9d2c5680,
2518                                15, 0xefc60000,
2519                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937;
2520typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,
2521                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9ULL, 29, 0x5555555555555555ULL,
2522                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000ULL,
2523                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000ULL,
2524                                43, 6364136223846793005ULL>          mt19937_64;
2525
2526// subtract_with_carry_engine
2527
2528template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2529class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine;
2530
2531template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2532bool
2533operator==(
2534    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2535    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
2536
2537template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2538_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2539bool
2540operator!=(
2541    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2542    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
2543
2544template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2545          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2546basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2547operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2548           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
2549
2550template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2551          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2552basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2553operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2554           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
2555
2556template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2557class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine
2558{
2559public:
2560    // types
2561    typedef _UIntType result_type;
2562
2563private:
2564    result_type __x_[__r];
2565    result_type  __c_;
2566    size_t      __i_;
2567
2568    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
2569    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
2570    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
2571    static_assert(  0 <  __s, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
2572    static_assert(__s <  __r, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
2573public:
2574    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
2575    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
2576                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
2577    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
2578
2579    // engine characteristics
2580    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w;
2581    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t short_lag = __s;
2582    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t long_lag = __r;
2583    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2584    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
2585    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2586    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
2587    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 19780503u;
2588
2589    // constructors and seeding functions
2590    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2591    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed)
2592        {seed(__sd);}
2593    template<class _Sseq>
2594        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2595        explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(_Sseq& __q,
2596        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
2597        {seed(__q);}
2598    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2599    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed)
2600        {seed(__sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
2601    template<class _Sseq>
2602        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2603        typename enable_if
2604        <
2605            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value,
2606            void
2607        >::type
2608        seed(_Sseq& __q)
2609            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
2610
2611    // generating functions
2612    result_type operator()();
2613    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2614    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
2615
2616    template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2617    friend
2618    bool
2619    operator==(
2620        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2621        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
2622
2623    template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2624    friend
2625    bool
2626    operator!=(
2627        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2628        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
2629
2630    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2631              class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2632    friend
2633    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2634    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2635               const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
2636
2637    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2638              class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2639    friend
2640    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2641    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2642               subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
2643
2644private:
2645
2646    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
2647    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
2648    template<class _Sseq>
2649        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
2650    template<class _Sseq>
2651        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
2652};
2653
2654template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2655    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::word_size;
2656
2657template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2658    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::short_lag;
2659
2660template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2661    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::long_lag;
2662
2663template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2664    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::result_type
2665    subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::default_seed;
2666
2667template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2668void
2669subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd,
2670        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
2671{
2672    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u>
2673        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd);
2674    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
2675        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__e() & _Max);
2676    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
2677    __i_ = 0;
2678}
2679
2680template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2681void
2682subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd,
2683        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
2684{
2685    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u>
2686        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd);
2687    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
2688    {
2689        result_type __e0 = __e();
2690        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
2691                                    (__e0 + ((uint64_t)__e() << 32)) & _Max);
2692    }
2693    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
2694    __i_ = 0;
2695}
2696
2697template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2698template<class _Sseq>
2699void
2700subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
2701        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
2702{
2703    const unsigned __k = 1;
2704    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k];
2705    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k);
2706    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
2707        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max);
2708    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
2709    __i_ = 0;
2710}
2711
2712template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2713template<class _Sseq>
2714void
2715subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
2716        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
2717{
2718    const unsigned __k = 2;
2719    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k];
2720    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k);
2721    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
2722        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
2723                  (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max);
2724    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
2725    __i_ = 0;
2726}
2727
2728template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
2729_UIntType
2730subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::operator()()
2731{
2732    const result_type& __xs = __x_[(__i_ + (__r - __s)) % __r];
2733    result_type& __xr = __x_[__i_];
2734    result_type __new_c = __c_ == 0 ? __xs < __xr : __xs != 0 ? __xs <= __xr : 1;
2735    __xr = (__xs - __xr - __c_) & _Max;
2736    __c_ = __new_c;
2737    __i_ = (__i_ + 1) % __r;
2738    return __xr;
2739}
2740
2741template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2742bool
2743operator==(
2744    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2745    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y)
2746{
2747    if (__x.__c_ != __y.__c_)
2748        return false;
2749    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_)
2750        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_);
2751    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0)
2752    {
2753        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Rp - __x.__i_, _Rp - __y.__i_);
2754        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j,
2755                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
2756            return false;
2757        if (__x.__i_ == 0)
2758            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_);
2759        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Rp - __j), __y.__x_ + __j);
2760    }
2761    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_)
2762    {
2763        size_t __j = _Rp - __y.__i_;
2764        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j),
2765                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
2766            return false;
2767        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Rp,
2768                         __y.__x_))
2769            return false;
2770        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_,
2771                           __y.__x_ + (_Rp - (__x.__i_ + __j)));
2772    }
2773    size_t __j = _Rp - __x.__i_;
2774    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j),
2775                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_))
2776        return false;
2777    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Rp,
2778                     __x.__x_))
2779        return false;
2780    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_,
2781                       __x.__x_ + (_Rp - (__y.__i_ + __j)));
2782}
2783
2784template<class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2785inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2786bool
2787operator!=(
2788    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
2789    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y)
2790{
2791    return !(__x == __y);
2792}
2793
2794template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2795          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2796basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2797operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2798           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x)
2799{
2800    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
2801    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
2802    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
2803    __os.fill(__sp);
2804    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_];
2805    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Rp; ++__j)
2806        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
2807    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j)
2808        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
2809    __os << __sp << __x.__c_;
2810    return __os;
2811}
2812
2813template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2814          class _UI, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
2815basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2816operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2817           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UI, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x)
2818{
2819    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
2820    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
2821    _UI __t[_Rp+1];
2822    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp+1; ++__i)
2823        __is >> __t[__i];
2824    if (!__is.fail())
2825    {
2826        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp; ++__i)
2827            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i];
2828        __x.__c_ = __t[_Rp];
2829        __x.__i_ = 0;
2830    }
2831    return __is;
2832}
2833
2834typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base;
2835typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base;
2836
2837// discard_block_engine
2838
2839template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
2840class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS discard_block_engine
2841{
2842    _Engine __e_;
2843    int     __n_;
2844
2845    static_assert(  0 <  __r, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters");
2846    static_assert(__r <= __p, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters");
2847public:
2848    // types
2849    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type;
2850
2851    // engine characteristics
2852    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t block_size = __p;
2853    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t used_block = __r;
2854
2855#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
2856    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min;
2857    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max;
2858#else
2859    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min();
2860    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max();
2861#endif
2862
2863    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2864    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Engine::min(); }
2865    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2866    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Engine::max(); }
2867
2868    // constructors and seeding functions
2869    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2870    discard_block_engine() : __n_(0) {}
2871    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2872    explicit discard_block_engine(const _Engine& __e)
2873        : __e_(__e), __n_(0) {}
2874#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
2875    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2876    explicit discard_block_engine(_Engine&& __e)
2877        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)), __n_(0) {}
2878#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
2879    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2880    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd), __n_(0) {}
2881    template<class _Sseq>
2882        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2883        explicit discard_block_engine(_Sseq& __q,
2884        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value &&
2885                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
2886        : __e_(__q), __n_(0) {}
2887    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2888    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __n_ = 0;}
2889    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2890    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __n_ = 0;}
2891    template<class _Sseq>
2892        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2893        typename enable_if
2894        <
2895            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value,
2896            void
2897        >::type
2898        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __n_ = 0;}
2899
2900    // generating functions
2901    result_type operator()();
2902    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2903    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
2904
2905    // property functions
2906    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2907    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
2908
2909    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2910    friend
2911    bool
2912    operator==(
2913        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
2914        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y);
2915
2916    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2917    friend
2918    bool
2919    operator!=(
2920        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
2921        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y);
2922
2923    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2924              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2925    friend
2926    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2927    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2928               const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x);
2929
2930    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2931              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2932    friend
2933    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2934    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2935               discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x);
2936};
2937
2938template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
2939    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::block_size;
2940
2941template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
2942    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::used_block;
2943
2944template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
2945typename discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::result_type
2946discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::operator()()
2947{
2948    if (__n_ >= __r)
2949    {
2950        __e_.discard(__p - __r);
2951        __n_ = 0;
2952    }
2953    ++__n_;
2954    return __e_();
2955}
2956
2957template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2958inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2959bool
2960operator==(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
2961           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y)
2962{
2963    return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_ && __x.__e_ == __y.__e_;
2964}
2965
2966template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2967inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2968bool
2969operator!=(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
2970           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y)
2971{
2972    return !(__x == __y);
2973}
2974
2975template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2976          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2977basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2978operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
2979           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x)
2980{
2981    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
2982    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
2983    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
2984    __os.fill(__sp);
2985    return __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x.__n_;
2986}
2987
2988template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
2989          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
2990basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2991operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
2992           discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x)
2993{
2994    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
2995    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
2996    _Eng __e;
2997    int __n;
2998    __is >> __e >> __n;
2999    if (!__is.fail())
3000    {
3001        __x.__e_ = __e;
3002        __x.__n_ = __n;
3003    }
3004    return __is;
3005}
3006
3007typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23> ranlux24;
3008typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11> ranlux48;
3009
3010// independent_bits_engine
3011
3012template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
3013class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS independent_bits_engine
3014{
3015    template <class _UI, _UI _R0, size_t _Wp, size_t _Mp>
3016    class __get_n
3017    {
3018        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_UI>::digits;
3019        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Np = _Wp / _Mp + (_Wp % _Mp != 0);
3020        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _W0 = _Wp / _Np;
3021        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _UI _Y0 = _W0 >= _Dt ? 0 : (_R0 >> _W0) << _W0;
3022    public:
3023        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t value = _R0 - _Y0 > _Y0 / _Np ? _Np + 1 : _Np;
3024    };
3025public:
3026    // types
3027    typedef _UIntType result_type;
3028
3029private:
3030    _Engine __e_;
3031
3032    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
3033    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
3034    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
3035
3036    typedef typename _Engine::result_type _Engine_result_type;
3037    typedef typename conditional
3038        <
3039            sizeof(_Engine_result_type) <= sizeof(result_type),
3040                result_type,
3041                _Engine_result_type
3042        >::type _Working_result_type;
3043#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
3044    static const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::_Max - _Engine::_Min
3045                                          + _Working_result_type(1);
3046#else
3047    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::max() - _Engine::min()
3048                                                            + _Working_result_type(1);
3049#endif
3050    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __m = __log2<_Working_result_type, _Rp>::value;
3051    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n = __get_n<_Working_result_type, _Rp, __w, __m>::value;
3052    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __w0 = __w / __n;
3053    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n0 = __n - __w % __n;
3054    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _WDt = numeric_limits<_Working_result_type>::digits;
3055    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _EDt = numeric_limits<_Engine_result_type>::digits;
3056    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y0 = __w0 >= _WDt ? 0 :
3057                                                               (_Rp >> __w0) << __w0;
3058    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y1 = __w0 >= _WDt - 1 ? 0 :
3059                                                               (_Rp >> (__w0+1)) << (__w0+1);
3060    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask0 = __w0 > 0 ?
3061                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - __w0) :
3062                                _Engine_result_type(0);
3063    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask1 = __w0 < _EDt - 1 ?
3064                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - (__w0 + 1)) :
3065                                _Engine_result_type(~0);
3066public:
3067    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
3068    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
3069                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
3070    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
3071
3072    // engine characteristics
3073    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3074    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
3075    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3076    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
3077
3078    // constructors and seeding functions
3079    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3080    independent_bits_engine() {}
3081    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3082    explicit independent_bits_engine(const _Engine& __e)
3083        : __e_(__e) {}
3084#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
3085    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3086    explicit independent_bits_engine(_Engine&& __e)
3087        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {}
3088#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
3089    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3090    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {}
3091    template<class _Sseq>
3092        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3093        explicit independent_bits_engine(_Sseq& __q,
3094        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value &&
3095                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
3096         : __e_(__q) {}
3097    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3098    void seed() {__e_.seed();}
3099    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3100    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd);}
3101    template<class _Sseq>
3102        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3103        typename enable_if
3104        <
3105            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value,
3106            void
3107        >::type
3108        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q);}
3109
3110    // generating functions
3111    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3112    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());}
3113    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3114    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
3115
3116    // property functions
3117    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3118    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
3119
3120    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3121    friend
3122    bool
3123    operator==(
3124        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x,
3125        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __y);
3126
3127    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3128    friend
3129    bool
3130    operator!=(
3131        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x,
3132        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __y);
3133
3134    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3135              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3136    friend
3137    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3138    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3139               const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x);
3140
3141    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3142              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3143    friend
3144    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3145    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3146               independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x);
3147
3148private:
3149    result_type __eval(false_type);
3150    result_type __eval(true_type);
3151
3152    template <size_t __count>
3153        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3154        static
3155        typename enable_if
3156        <
3157            __count < _Dt,
3158            result_type
3159        >::type
3160        __lshift(result_type __x) {return __x << __count;}
3161
3162    template <size_t __count>
3163        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3164        static
3165        typename enable_if
3166        <
3167            (__count >= _Dt),
3168            result_type
3169        >::type
3170        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
3171};
3172
3173template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
3174inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3175_UIntType
3176independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(false_type)
3177{
3178    return static_cast<result_type>(__e_() & __mask0);
3179}
3180
3181template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
3182_UIntType
3183independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(true_type)
3184{
3185    result_type _Sp = 0;
3186    for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __n0; ++__k)
3187    {
3188        _Engine_result_type __u;
3189        do
3190        {
3191            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
3192        } while (__u >= __y0);
3193        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask0));
3194    }
3195    for (size_t __k = __n0; __k < __n; ++__k)
3196    {
3197        _Engine_result_type __u;
3198        do
3199        {
3200            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
3201        } while (__u >= __y1);
3202        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0+1>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask1));
3203    }
3204    return _Sp;
3205}
3206
3207template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3208inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3209bool
3210operator==(
3211    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x,
3212    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __y)
3213{
3214    return __x.base() == __y.base();
3215}
3216
3217template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3218inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3219bool
3220operator!=(
3221    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x,
3222    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __y)
3223{
3224    return !(__x == __y);
3225}
3226
3227template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3228          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3229basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3230operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3231           const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x)
3232{
3233    return __os << __x.base();
3234}
3235
3236template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3237          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UI>
3238basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3239operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3240           independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UI>& __x)
3241{
3242    _Eng __e;
3243    __is >> __e;
3244    if (!__is.fail())
3245        __x.__e_ = __e;
3246    return __is;
3247}
3248
3249// shuffle_order_engine
3250
3251template <uint64_t _Xp, uint64_t _Yp>
3252struct __ugcd
3253{
3254    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = __ugcd<_Yp, _Xp % _Yp>::value;
3255};
3256
3257template <uint64_t _Xp>
3258struct __ugcd<_Xp, 0>
3259{
3260    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = _Xp;
3261};
3262
3263template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
3264class __uratio
3265{
3266    static_assert(_Dp != 0, "__uratio divide by 0");
3267    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t __gcd = __ugcd<_Np, _Dp>::value;
3268public:
3269    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t num = _Np / __gcd;
3270    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t den = _Dp / __gcd;
3271
3272    typedef __uratio<num, den> type;
3273};
3274
3275template<class _Engine, size_t __k>
3276class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS shuffle_order_engine
3277{
3278    static_assert(0 < __k, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters");
3279public:
3280    // types
3281    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type;
3282
3283private:
3284    _Engine __e_;
3285    result_type _V_[__k];
3286    result_type _Y_;
3287
3288public:
3289    // engine characteristics
3290    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t table_size = __k;
3291
3292#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
3293    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min;
3294    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max;
3295#else
3296    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min();
3297    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max();
3298#endif
3299    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters");
3300    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3301    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
3302    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3303    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
3304
3305    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const unsigned long long _Rp = _Max - _Min + 1ull;
3306
3307    // constructors and seeding functions
3308    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3309    shuffle_order_engine() {__init();}
3310    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3311    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const _Engine& __e)
3312        : __e_(__e) {__init();}
3313#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
3314    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3315    explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Engine&& __e)
3316        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {__init();}
3317#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
3318    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3319    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {__init();}
3320    template<class _Sseq>
3321        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3322        explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Sseq& __q,
3323        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value &&
3324                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
3325         : __e_(__q) {__init();}
3326    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3327    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __init();}
3328    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3329    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __init();}
3330    template<class _Sseq>
3331        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3332        typename enable_if
3333        <
3334            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value,
3335            void
3336        >::type
3337        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __init();}
3338
3339    // generating functions
3340    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3341    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());}
3342    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3343    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
3344
3345    // property functions
3346    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3347    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
3348
3349private:
3350    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3351    friend
3352    bool
3353    operator==(
3354        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
3355        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y);
3356
3357    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3358    friend
3359    bool
3360    operator!=(
3361        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
3362        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y);
3363
3364    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3365              class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3366    friend
3367    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3368    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3369               const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x);
3370
3371    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3372              class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3373    friend
3374    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3375    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3376               shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x);
3377
3378    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3379    void __init()
3380    {
3381        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __k; ++__i)
3382            _V_[__i] = __e_();
3383        _Y_ = __e_();
3384    }
3385
3386    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3387    result_type __eval(false_type) {return __eval2(integral_constant<bool, __k & 1>());}
3388    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3389    result_type __eval(true_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k, _Rp>());}
3390
3391    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3392    result_type __eval2(false_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k/2, 0x8000000000000000ull>());}
3393    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3394    result_type __eval2(true_type) {return __evalf<__k, 0>();}
3395
3396    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
3397        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3398        typename enable_if
3399        <
3400            (__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min)),
3401            result_type
3402        >::type
3403        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>)
3404            {return __evalf<__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num, __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den>();}
3405
3406    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
3407        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3408        typename enable_if
3409        <
3410            __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min),
3411            result_type
3412        >::type
3413        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>)
3414        {
3415            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num * (_Y_ - _Min)
3416                                                   / __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den);
3417            _Y_ = _V_[__j];
3418            _V_[__j] = __e_();
3419            return _Y_;
3420        }
3421
3422    template <uint64_t __n, uint64_t __d>
3423        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3424        result_type __evalf()
3425        {
3426            const double _Fp = __d == 0 ?
3427                __n / (2. * 0x8000000000000000ull) :
3428                __n / (double)__d;
3429            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(_Fp * (_Y_ - _Min));
3430            _Y_ = _V_[__j];
3431            _V_[__j] = __e_();
3432            return _Y_;
3433        }
3434};
3435
3436template<class _Engine, size_t __k>
3437    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shuffle_order_engine<_Engine, __k>::table_size;
3438
3439template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3440bool
3441operator==(
3442    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
3443    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y)
3444{
3445    return __x._Y_ == __y._Y_ && _VSTD::equal(__x._V_, __x._V_ + _Kp, __y._V_) &&
3446           __x.__e_ == __y.__e_;
3447}
3448
3449template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3450inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3451bool
3452operator!=(
3453    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
3454    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y)
3455{
3456    return !(__x == __y);
3457}
3458
3459template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3460          class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3461basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3462operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3463           const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x)
3464{
3465    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
3466    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
3467    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
3468    __os.fill(__sp);
3469    __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x._V_[0];
3470    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < _Kp; ++__i)
3471        __os << __sp << __x._V_[__i];
3472    return __os << __sp << __x._Y_;
3473}
3474
3475template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
3476          class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
3477basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3478operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3479           shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x)
3480{
3481    typedef typename shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>::result_type result_type;
3482    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
3483    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
3484    _Eng __e;
3485    result_type _Vp[_Kp+1];
3486    __is >> __e;
3487    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp+1; ++__i)
3488        __is >> _Vp[__i];
3489    if (!__is.fail())
3490    {
3491        __x.__e_ = __e;
3492        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp; ++__i)
3493            __x._V_[__i] = _Vp[__i];
3494        __x._Y_ = _Vp[_Kp];
3495    }
3496    return __is;
3497}
3498
3499typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b;
3500
3501// random_device
3502
3503class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS random_device
3504{
3505    int __f_;
3506public:
3507    // types
3508    typedef unsigned result_type;
3509
3510    // generator characteristics
3511    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
3512    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
3513
3514    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3515    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min;}
3516    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3517    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max;}
3518
3519    // constructors
3520    explicit random_device(const string& __token = "/dev/urandom");
3521    ~random_device();
3522
3523    // generating functions
3524    result_type operator()();
3525
3526    // property functions
3527    double entropy() const _NOEXCEPT;
3528
3529private:
3530    // no copy functions
3531    random_device(const random_device&); // = delete;
3532    random_device& operator=(const random_device&); // = delete;
3533};
3534
3535// seed_seq
3536
3537class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS seed_seq
3538{
3539public:
3540    // types
3541    typedef uint32_t result_type;
3542
3543private:
3544    vector<result_type> __v_;
3545
3546    template<class _InputIterator>
3547        void init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last);
3548public:
3549    // constructors
3550    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3551    seed_seq() {}
3552#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
3553    template<class _Tp>
3554        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3555        seed_seq(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) {init(__il.begin(), __il.end());}
3556#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
3557
3558    template<class _InputIterator>
3559        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3560        seed_seq(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3561             {init(__first, __last);}
3562
3563    // generating functions
3564    template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
3565        void generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last);
3566
3567    // property functions
3568    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3569    size_t size() const {return __v_.size();}
3570    template<class _OutputIterator>
3571        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3572        void param(_OutputIterator __dest) const
3573            {_VSTD::copy(__v_.begin(), __v_.end(), __dest);}
3574
3575private:
3576    // no copy functions
3577    seed_seq(const seed_seq&); // = delete;
3578    void operator=(const seed_seq&); // = delete;
3579
3580    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3581    static result_type _Tp(result_type __x) {return __x ^ (__x >> 27);}
3582};
3583
3584template<class _InputIterator>
3585void
3586seed_seq::init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3587{
3588    for (_InputIterator __s = __first; __s != __last; ++__s)
3589        __v_.push_back(*__s & 0xFFFFFFFF);
3590}
3591
3592template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
3593void
3594seed_seq::generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
3595{
3596    if (__first != __last)
3597    {
3598        _VSTD::fill(__first, __last, 0x8b8b8b8b);
3599        const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
3600        const size_t __s = __v_.size();
3601        const size_t __t = (__n >= 623) ? 11
3602                         : (__n >= 68) ? 7
3603                         : (__n >= 39) ? 5
3604                         : (__n >= 7)  ? 3
3605                         : (__n - 1) / 2;
3606        const size_t __p = (__n - __t) / 2;
3607        const size_t __q = __p + __t;
3608        const size_t __m = _VSTD::max(__s + 1, __n);
3609        // __k = 0;
3610        {
3611            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[0] ^ __first[__p]
3612                                                      ^  __first[__n - 1]);
3613            __first[__p] += __r;
3614            __r += __s;
3615            __first[__q] += __r;
3616            __first[0] = __r;
3617        }
3618        for (size_t __k = 1; __k <= __s; ++__k)
3619        {
3620            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
3621            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
3622            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn]
3623                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
3624            __first[__kpmodn] += __r;
3625            __r +=  __kmodn + __v_[__k-1];
3626            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r;
3627            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
3628        }
3629        for (size_t __k = __s + 1; __k < __m; ++__k)
3630        {
3631            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
3632            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
3633            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn]
3634                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
3635            __first[__kpmodn] += __r;
3636            __r +=  __kmodn;
3637            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r;
3638            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
3639        }
3640        for (size_t __k = __m; __k < __m + __n; ++__k)
3641        {
3642            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
3643            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
3644            result_type __r = 1566083941 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] +
3645                                              __first[__kpmodn] +
3646                                              __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
3647            __first[__kpmodn] ^= __r;
3648            __r -= __kmodn;
3649            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] ^= __r;
3650            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
3651        }
3652    }
3653}
3654
3655// generate_canonical
3656
3657template<class _RealType, size_t __bits, class _URNG>
3658_RealType
3659generate_canonical(_URNG& __g)
3660{
3661    const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits;
3662    const size_t __b = _Dt < __bits ? _Dt : __bits;
3663#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
3664    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::_Max - _URNG::_Min + uint64_t(1)>::value;
3665#else
3666    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::max() - _URNG::min() + uint64_t(1)>::value;
3667#endif
3668    const size_t __k = __b / __logR + (__b % __logR != 0) + (__b == 0);
3669    const _RealType _Rp = _URNG::max() - _URNG::min() + _RealType(1);
3670    _RealType __base = _Rp;
3671    _RealType _Sp = __g() - _URNG::min();
3672    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __k; ++__i, __base *= _Rp)
3673        _Sp += (__g() - _URNG::min()) * __base;
3674    return _Sp / __base;
3675}
3676
3677// uniform_int_distribution
3678
3679// in <algorithm>
3680
3681template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
3682basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3683operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3684           const uniform_int_distribution<_IT>& __x)
3685{
3686    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
3687    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left);
3688    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
3689    __os.fill(__sp);
3690    return __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
3691}
3692
3693template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
3694basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3695operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3696           uniform_int_distribution<_IT>& __x)
3697{
3698    typedef uniform_int_distribution<_IT> _Eng;
3699    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
3700    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
3701    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
3702    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
3703    result_type __a;
3704    result_type __b;
3705    __is >> __a >> __b;
3706    if (!__is.fail())
3707        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
3708    return __is;
3709}
3710
3711// uniform_real_distribution
3712
3713template<class _RealType = double>
3714class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS uniform_real_distribution
3715{
3716public:
3717    // types
3718    typedef _RealType result_type;
3719
3720    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
3721    {
3722        result_type __a_;
3723        result_type __b_;
3724    public:
3725        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type;
3726
3727        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3728        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0,
3729                            result_type __b = 1)
3730            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
3731
3732        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3733        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
3734        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3735        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
3736
3737        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3738        bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3739            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
3740        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3741        bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3742            {return !(__x == __y);}
3743    };
3744
3745private:
3746    param_type __p_;
3747
3748public:
3749    // constructors and reset functions
3750    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3751    explicit uniform_real_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
3752        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
3753    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3754    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
3755    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3756    void reset() {}
3757
3758    // generating functions
3759    template<class _URNG>
3760        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3761        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
3762        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
3763    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
3764
3765    // property functions
3766    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3767    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
3768    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3769    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
3770
3771    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3772    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
3773    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3774    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
3775
3776    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3777    result_type min() const {return a();}
3778    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3779    result_type max() const {return b();}
3780
3781    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3782        bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& __x,
3783                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y)
3784        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
3785    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3786        bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& __x,
3787                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y)
3788        {return !(__x == __y);}
3789};
3790
3791template<class _RealType>
3792template<class _URNG>
3793inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3794typename uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type
3795uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
3796{
3797    return (__p.b() - __p.a())
3798        * _VSTD::generate_canonical<_RealType, numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits>(__g)
3799        + __p.a();
3800}
3801
3802template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
3803basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3804operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
3805           const uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x)
3806{
3807    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
3808    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
3809               ios_base::scientific);
3810    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
3811    __os.fill(__sp);
3812    return __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
3813}
3814
3815template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
3816basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3817operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
3818           uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x)
3819{
3820    typedef uniform_real_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
3821    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
3822    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
3823    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
3824    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
3825    result_type __a;
3826    result_type __b;
3827    __is >> __a >> __b;
3828    if (!__is.fail())
3829        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
3830    return __is;
3831}
3832
3833// bernoulli_distribution
3834
3835class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS bernoulli_distribution
3836{
3837public:
3838    // types
3839    typedef bool result_type;
3840
3841    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
3842    {
3843        double __p_;
3844    public:
3845        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type;
3846
3847        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3848        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {}
3849
3850        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3851        double p() const {return __p_;}
3852
3853        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3854            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3855            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
3856        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3857            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3858            {return !(__x == __y);}
3859    };
3860
3861private:
3862    param_type __p_;
3863
3864public:
3865    // constructors and reset functions
3866    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3867    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double __p = 0.5)
3868        : __p_(param_type(__p)) {}
3869    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3870    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
3871    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3872    void reset() {}
3873
3874    // generating functions
3875    template<class _URNG>
3876        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3877        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
3878        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
3879    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
3880
3881    // property functions
3882    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3883    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
3884
3885    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3886    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
3887    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3888    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
3889
3890    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3891    result_type min() const {return false;}
3892    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3893    result_type max() const {return true;}
3894
3895    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3896        bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& __x,
3897                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y)
3898        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
3899    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3900        bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& __x,
3901                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y)
3902        {return !(__x == __y);}
3903};
3904
3905template<class _URNG>
3906inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3907bernoulli_distribution::result_type
3908bernoulli_distribution::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
3909{
3910    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
3911    return __gen(__g) < __p.p();
3912}
3913
3914template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
3915basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3916operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const bernoulli_distribution& __x)
3917{
3918    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
3919    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
3920               ios_base::scientific);
3921    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
3922    __os.fill(__sp);
3923    return __os << __x.p();
3924}
3925
3926template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
3927basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
3928operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, bernoulli_distribution& __x)
3929{
3930    typedef bernoulli_distribution _Eng;
3931    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
3932    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
3933    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
3934    double __p;
3935    __is >> __p;
3936    if (!__is.fail())
3937        __x.param(param_type(__p));
3938    return __is;
3939}
3940
3941// binomial_distribution
3942
3943template<class _IntType = int>
3944class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS binomial_distribution
3945{
3946public:
3947    // types
3948    typedef _IntType result_type;
3949
3950    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
3951    {
3952        result_type __t_;
3953        double __p_;
3954        double __pr_;
3955        double __odds_ratio_;
3956        result_type __r0_;
3957    public:
3958        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type;
3959
3960        explicit param_type(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5);
3961
3962        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3963        result_type t() const {return __t_;}
3964        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3965        double p() const {return __p_;}
3966
3967        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3968            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3969            {return __x.__t_ == __y.__t_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
3970        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3971            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3972            {return !(__x == __y);}
3973
3974        friend class binomial_distribution;
3975    };
3976
3977private:
3978    param_type __p_;
3979
3980public:
3981    // constructors and reset functions
3982    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3983    explicit binomial_distribution(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5)
3984        : __p_(param_type(__t, __p)) {}
3985    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3986    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
3987    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3988    void reset() {}
3989
3990    // generating functions
3991    template<class _URNG>
3992        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3993        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
3994        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
3995    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
3996
3997    // property functions
3998    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3999    result_type t() const {return __p_.t();}
4000    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4001    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
4002
4003    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4004    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4005    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4006    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4007
4008    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4009    result_type min() const {return 0;}
4010    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4011    result_type max() const {return t();}
4012
4013    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4014        bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& __x,
4015                        const binomial_distribution& __y)
4016        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4017    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4018        bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& __x,
4019                        const binomial_distribution& __y)
4020        {return !(__x == __y);}
4021};
4022
4023template<class _IntType>
4024binomial_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(result_type __t, double __p)
4025    : __t_(__t), __p_(__p)
4026{
4027    if (0 < __p_ && __p_ < 1)
4028    {
4029        __r0_ = static_cast<result_type>((__t_ + 1) * __p_);
4030        __pr_ = _VSTD::exp(_VSTD::lgamma(__t_ + 1.) - _VSTD::lgamma(__r0_ + 1.) -
4031                          _VSTD::lgamma(__t_ - __r0_ + 1.) + __r0_ * _VSTD::log(__p_) +
4032                          (__t_ - __r0_) * _VSTD::log(1 - __p_));
4033        __odds_ratio_ = __p_ / (1 - __p_);
4034    }
4035}
4036
4037template<class _IntType>
4038template<class _URNG>
4039_IntType
4040binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __pr)
4041{
4042    if (__pr.__t_ == 0 || __pr.__p_ == 0)
4043        return 0;
4044    if (__pr.__p_ == 1)
4045        return __pr.__t_;
4046    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
4047    double __u = __gen(__g) - __pr.__pr_;
4048    if (__u < 0)
4049        return __pr.__r0_;
4050    double __pu = __pr.__pr_;
4051    double __pd = __pu;
4052    result_type __ru = __pr.__r0_;
4053    result_type __rd = __ru;
4054    while (true)
4055    {
4056        if (__rd >= 1)
4057        {
4058            __pd *= __rd / (__pr.__odds_ratio_ * (__pr.__t_ - __rd + 1));
4059            __u -= __pd;
4060            if (__u < 0)
4061                return __rd - 1;
4062        }
4063        --__rd;
4064        ++__ru;
4065        if (__ru <= __pr.__t_)
4066        {
4067            __pu *= (__pr.__t_ - __ru + 1) * __pr.__odds_ratio_ / __ru;
4068            __u -= __pu;
4069            if (__u < 0)
4070                return __ru;
4071        }
4072    }
4073}
4074
4075template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
4076basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4077operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4078           const binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
4079{
4080    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4081    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4082               ios_base::scientific);
4083    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
4084    __os.fill(__sp);
4085    return __os << __x.t() << __sp << __x.p();
4086}
4087
4088template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
4089basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4090operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4091           binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
4092{
4093    typedef binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
4094    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
4095    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4096    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4097    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4098    result_type __t;
4099    double __p;
4100    __is >> __t >> __p;
4101    if (!__is.fail())
4102        __x.param(param_type(__t, __p));
4103    return __is;
4104}
4105
4106// exponential_distribution
4107
4108template<class _RealType = double>
4109class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS exponential_distribution
4110{
4111public:
4112    // types
4113    typedef _RealType result_type;
4114
4115    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4116    {
4117        result_type __lambda_;
4118    public:
4119        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type;
4120
4121        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4122        explicit param_type(result_type __lambda = 1) : __lambda_(__lambda) {}
4123
4124        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4125        result_type lambda() const {return __lambda_;}
4126
4127        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4128            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4129            {return __x.__lambda_ == __y.__lambda_;}
4130        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4131            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4132            {return !(__x == __y);}
4133    };
4134
4135private:
4136    param_type __p_;
4137
4138public:
4139    // constructors and reset functions
4140    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4141    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type __lambda = 1)
4142        : __p_(param_type(__lambda)) {}
4143    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4144    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
4145    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4146    void reset() {}
4147
4148    // generating functions
4149    template<class _URNG>
4150        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4151        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4152        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4153    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
4154
4155    // property functions
4156    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4157    result_type lambda() const {return __p_.lambda();}
4158
4159    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4160    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4161    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4162    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4163
4164    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4165    result_type min() const {return 0;}
4166    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4167    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4168
4169    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4170        bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& __x,
4171                        const exponential_distribution& __y)
4172        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4173    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4174        bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& __x,
4175                        const exponential_distribution& __y)
4176        {return !(__x == __y);}
4177};
4178
4179template <class _RealType>
4180template<class _URNG>
4181_RealType
4182exponential_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
4183{
4184    return -_VSTD::log
4185                  (
4186                      result_type(1) -
4187                      _VSTD::generate_canonical<result_type,
4188                                       numeric_limits<result_type>::digits>(__g)
4189                  )
4190                  / __p.lambda();
4191}
4192
4193template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType>
4194basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4195operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4196           const exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x)
4197{
4198    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4199    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4200               ios_base::scientific);
4201    return __os << __x.lambda();
4202}
4203
4204template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType>
4205basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4206operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4207           exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x)
4208{
4209    typedef exponential_distribution<_RealType> _Eng;
4210    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
4211    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4212    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4213    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4214    result_type __lambda;
4215    __is >> __lambda;
4216    if (!__is.fail())
4217        __x.param(param_type(__lambda));
4218    return __is;
4219}
4220
4221// normal_distribution
4222
4223template<class _RealType = double>
4224class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS normal_distribution
4225{
4226public:
4227    // types
4228    typedef _RealType result_type;
4229
4230    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4231    {
4232        result_type __mean_;
4233        result_type __stddev_;
4234    public:
4235        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type;
4236
4237        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4238        explicit param_type(result_type __mean = 0, result_type __stddev = 1)
4239            : __mean_(__mean), __stddev_(__stddev) {}
4240
4241        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4242        result_type mean() const {return __mean_;}
4243        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4244        result_type stddev() const {return __stddev_;}
4245
4246        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4247            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4248            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_ && __x.__stddev_ == __y.__stddev_;}
4249        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4250            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4251            {return !(__x == __y);}
4252    };
4253
4254private:
4255    param_type __p_;
4256    result_type _V_;
4257    bool _V_hot_;
4258
4259public:
4260    // constructors and reset functions
4261    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4262    explicit normal_distribution(result_type __mean = 0, result_type __stddev = 1)
4263        : __p_(param_type(__mean, __stddev)), _V_hot_(false) {}
4264    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4265    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& __p)
4266        : __p_(__p), _V_hot_(false) {}
4267    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4268    void reset() {_V_hot_ = false;}
4269
4270    // generating functions
4271    template<class _URNG>
4272        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4273        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4274        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4275    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
4276
4277    // property functions
4278    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4279    result_type mean() const {return __p_.mean();}
4280    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4281    result_type stddev() const {return __p_.stddev();}
4282
4283    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4284    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4285    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4286    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4287
4288    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4289    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4290    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4291    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4292
4293    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4294        bool operator==(const normal_distribution& __x,
4295                        const normal_distribution& __y)
4296        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_ && __x._V_hot_ == __y._V_hot_ &&
4297                (!__x._V_hot_ || __x._V_ == __y._V_);}
4298    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4299        bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& __x,
4300                        const normal_distribution& __y)
4301        {return !(__x == __y);}
4302
4303    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4304    friend
4305    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4306    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4307               const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4308
4309    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4310    friend
4311    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4312    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4313               normal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4314};
4315
4316template <class _RealType>
4317template<class _URNG>
4318_RealType
4319normal_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
4320{
4321    result_type _Up;
4322    if (_V_hot_)
4323    {
4324        _V_hot_ = false;
4325        _Up = _V_;
4326    }
4327    else
4328    {
4329        uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Uni(-1, 1);
4330        result_type __u;
4331        result_type __v;
4332        result_type __s;
4333        do
4334        {
4335            __u = _Uni(__g);
4336            __v = _Uni(__g);
4337            __s = __u * __u + __v * __v;
4338        } while (__s > 1 || __s == 0);
4339        result_type _Fp = _VSTD::sqrt(-2 * _VSTD::log(__s) / __s);
4340        _V_ = __v * _Fp;
4341        _V_hot_ = true;
4342        _Up = __u * _Fp;
4343    }
4344    return _Up * __p.stddev() + __p.mean();
4345}
4346
4347template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4348basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4349operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4350           const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4351{
4352    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4353    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4354               ios_base::scientific);
4355    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
4356    __os.fill(__sp);
4357    __os << __x.mean() << __sp << __x.stddev() << __sp << __x._V_hot_;
4358    if (__x._V_hot_)
4359        __os << __sp << __x._V_;
4360    return __os;
4361}
4362
4363template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4364basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4365operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4366           normal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4367{
4368    typedef normal_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
4369    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
4370    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4371    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4372    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4373    result_type __mean;
4374    result_type __stddev;
4375    result_type _Vp = 0;
4376    bool _V_hot = false;
4377    __is >> __mean >> __stddev >> _V_hot;
4378    if (_V_hot)
4379        __is >> _Vp;
4380    if (!__is.fail())
4381    {
4382        __x.param(param_type(__mean, __stddev));
4383        __x._V_hot_ = _V_hot;
4384        __x._V_ = _Vp;
4385    }
4386    return __is;
4387}
4388
4389// lognormal_distribution
4390
4391template<class _RealType = double>
4392class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS lognormal_distribution
4393{
4394public:
4395    // types
4396    typedef _RealType result_type;
4397
4398    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4399    {
4400        normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_;
4401    public:
4402        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type;
4403
4404        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4405        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 0, result_type __s = 1)
4406            : __nd_(__m, __s) {}
4407
4408        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4409        result_type m() const {return __nd_.mean();}
4410        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4411        result_type s() const {return __nd_.stddev();}
4412
4413        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4414            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4415            {return __x.__nd_ == __y.__nd_;}
4416        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4417            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4418            {return !(__x == __y);}
4419        friend class lognormal_distribution;
4420
4421        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4422        friend
4423        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4424        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4425                   const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4426
4427        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4428        friend
4429        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4430        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4431                   lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4432    };
4433
4434private:
4435    param_type __p_;
4436
4437public:
4438    // constructor and reset functions
4439    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4440    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type __m = 0, result_type __s = 1)
4441        : __p_(param_type(__m, __s)) {}
4442    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4443    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& __p)
4444        : __p_(__p) {}
4445    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4446    void reset() {__p_.__nd_.reset();}
4447
4448    // generating functions
4449    template<class _URNG>
4450        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4451        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4452        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4453    template<class _URNG>
4454        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4455        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
4456        {return _VSTD::exp(const_cast<normal_distribution<result_type>&>(__p.__nd_)(__g));}
4457
4458    // property functions
4459    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4460    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();}
4461    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4462    result_type s() const {return __p_.s();}
4463
4464    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4465    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4466    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4467    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4468
4469    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4470    result_type min() const {return 0;}
4471    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4472    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4473
4474    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4475        bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& __x,
4476                        const lognormal_distribution& __y)
4477        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4478    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4479        bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& __x,
4480                        const lognormal_distribution& __y)
4481        {return !(__x == __y);}
4482
4483    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4484    friend
4485    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4486    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4487               const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4488
4489    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4490    friend
4491    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4492    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4493               lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
4494};
4495
4496template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4497inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4498basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4499operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4500           const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4501{
4502    return __os << __x.__p_.__nd_;
4503}
4504
4505template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4506inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4507basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4508operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4509           lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4510{
4511    return __is >> __x.__p_.__nd_;
4512}
4513
4514// poisson_distribution
4515
4516template<class _IntType = int>
4517class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS poisson_distribution
4518{
4519public:
4520    // types
4521    typedef _IntType result_type;
4522
4523    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4524    {
4525        double __mean_;
4526        double __s_;
4527        double __d_;
4528        double __l_;
4529        double __omega_;
4530        double __c0_;
4531        double __c1_;
4532        double __c2_;
4533        double __c3_;
4534        double __c_;
4535
4536    public:
4537        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type;
4538
4539        explicit param_type(double __mean = 1.0);
4540
4541        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4542        double mean() const {return __mean_;}
4543
4544        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4545            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4546            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_;}
4547        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4548            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4549            {return !(__x == __y);}
4550
4551        friend class poisson_distribution;
4552    };
4553
4554private:
4555    param_type __p_;
4556
4557public:
4558    // constructors and reset functions
4559    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4560    explicit poisson_distribution(double __mean = 1.0) : __p_(__mean) {}
4561    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4562    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
4563    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4564    void reset() {}
4565
4566    // generating functions
4567    template<class _URNG>
4568        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4569        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4570        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4571    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
4572
4573    // property functions
4574    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4575    double mean() const {return __p_.mean();}
4576
4577    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4578    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4579    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4580    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4581
4582    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4583    result_type min() const {return 0;}
4584    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4585    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
4586
4587    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4588        bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& __x,
4589                        const poisson_distribution& __y)
4590        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4591    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4592        bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& __x,
4593                        const poisson_distribution& __y)
4594        {return !(__x == __y);}
4595};
4596
4597template<class _IntType>
4598poisson_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(double __mean)
4599    : __mean_(__mean)
4600{
4601    if (__mean_ < 10)
4602    {
4603        __s_ = 0;
4604        __d_ = 0;
4605        __l_ = _VSTD::exp(-__mean_);
4606        __omega_ = 0;
4607        __c3_ = 0;
4608        __c2_ = 0;
4609        __c1_ = 0;
4610        __c0_ = 0;
4611        __c_ = 0;
4612    }
4613    else
4614    {
4615        __s_ = _VSTD::sqrt(__mean_);
4616        __d_ = 6 * __mean_ * __mean_;
4617        __l_ = static_cast<result_type>(__mean_ - 1.1484);
4618        __omega_ = .3989423 / __s_;
4619        double __b1_ = .4166667E-1 / __mean_;
4620        double __b2_ = .3 * __b1_ * __b1_;
4621        __c3_ = .1428571 * __b1_ * __b2_;
4622        __c2_ = __b2_ - 15. * __c3_;
4623        __c1_ = __b1_ - 6. * __b2_ + 45. * __c3_;
4624        __c0_ = 1. - __b1_ + 3. * __b2_ - 15. * __c3_;
4625        __c_ = .1069 / __mean_;
4626    }
4627}
4628
4629template <class _IntType>
4630template<class _URNG>
4631_IntType
4632poisson_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr)
4633{
4634    result_type __x;
4635    uniform_real_distribution<double> __urd;
4636    if (__pr.__mean_ < 10)
4637    {
4638         __x = 0;
4639        for (double __p = __urd(__urng); __p > __pr.__l_; ++__x)
4640            __p *= __urd(__urng);
4641    }
4642    else
4643    {
4644        double __difmuk;
4645        double __g = __pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * normal_distribution<double>()(__urng);
4646        double __u;
4647        if (__g > 0)
4648        {
4649            __x = static_cast<result_type>(__g);
4650            if (__x >= __pr.__l_)
4651                return __x;
4652            __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __x;
4653            __u = __urd(__urng);
4654            if (__pr.__d_ * __u >= __difmuk * __difmuk * __difmuk)
4655                return __x;
4656        }
4657        exponential_distribution<double> __edist;
4658        for (bool __using_exp_dist = false; true; __using_exp_dist = true)
4659        {
4660            double __e;
4661            if (__using_exp_dist || __g < 0)
4662            {
4663                double __t;
4664                do
4665                {
4666                    __e = __edist(__urng);
4667                    __u = __urd(__urng);
4668                    __u += __u - 1;
4669                    __t = 1.8 + (__u < 0 ? -__e : __e);
4670                } while (__t <= -.6744);
4671                __x = __pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * __t;
4672                __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __x;
4673                __using_exp_dist = true;
4674            }
4675            double __px;
4676            double __py;
4677            if (__x < 10)
4678            {
4679                const result_type __fac[] = {1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040,
4680                                             40320, 362880};
4681                __px = -__pr.__mean_;
4682                __py = _VSTD::pow(__pr.__mean_, (double)__x) / __fac[__x];
4683            }
4684            else
4685            {
4686                double __del = .8333333E-1 / __x;
4687                __del -= 4.8 * __del * __del * __del;
4688                double __v = __difmuk / __x;
4689                if (_VSTD::abs(__v) > 0.25)
4690                    __px = __x * _VSTD::log(1 + __v) - __difmuk - __del;
4691                else
4692                    __px = __x * __v * __v * (((((((.1250060 * __v + -.1384794) *
4693                           __v + .1421878) * __v + -.1661269) * __v + .2000118) *
4694                           __v + -.2500068) * __v + .3333333) * __v + -.5) - __del;
4695                __py = .3989423 / _VSTD::sqrt(__x);
4696            }
4697            double __r = (0.5 - __difmuk) / __pr.__s_;
4698            double __r2 = __r * __r;
4699            double __fx = -0.5 * __r2;
4700            double __fy = __pr.__omega_ * (((__pr.__c3_ * __r2 + __pr.__c2_) *
4701                                        __r2 + __pr.__c1_) * __r2 + __pr.__c0_);
4702            if (__using_exp_dist)
4703            {
4704                if (__pr.__c_ * _VSTD::abs(__u) <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px + __e) -
4705                                                   __fy * _VSTD::exp(__fx + __e))
4706                    break;
4707            }
4708            else
4709            {
4710                if (__fy - __u * __fy <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px - __fx))
4711                    break;
4712            }
4713        }
4714    }
4715    return __x;
4716}
4717
4718template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
4719basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4720operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4721           const poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
4722{
4723    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4724    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4725               ios_base::scientific);
4726    return __os << __x.mean();
4727}
4728
4729template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
4730basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4731operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4732           poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
4733{
4734    typedef poisson_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
4735    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4736    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4737    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4738    double __mean;
4739    __is >> __mean;
4740    if (!__is.fail())
4741        __x.param(param_type(__mean));
4742    return __is;
4743}
4744
4745// weibull_distribution
4746
4747template<class _RealType = double>
4748class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS weibull_distribution
4749{
4750public:
4751    // types
4752    typedef _RealType result_type;
4753
4754    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4755    {
4756        result_type __a_;
4757        result_type __b_;
4758    public:
4759        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type;
4760
4761        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4762        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1)
4763            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
4764
4765        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4766        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
4767        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4768        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
4769
4770        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4771            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4772            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
4773        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4774            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4775            {return !(__x == __y);}
4776    };
4777
4778private:
4779    param_type __p_;
4780
4781public:
4782    // constructor and reset functions
4783    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4784    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1)
4785        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
4786    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4787    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& __p)
4788        : __p_(__p) {}
4789    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4790    void reset() {}
4791
4792    // generating functions
4793    template<class _URNG>
4794        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4795        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4796        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4797    template<class _URNG>
4798        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4799        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
4800        {return __p.b() *
4801            _VSTD::pow(exponential_distribution<result_type>()(__g), 1/__p.a());}
4802
4803    // property functions
4804    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4805    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
4806    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4807    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
4808
4809    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4810    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4811    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4812    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4813
4814    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4815    result_type min() const {return 0;}
4816    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4817    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4818
4819    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4820        bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& __x,
4821                        const weibull_distribution& __y)
4822        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4823    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4824        bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& __x,
4825                        const weibull_distribution& __y)
4826        {return !(__x == __y);}
4827};
4828
4829template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4830basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4831operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4832           const weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4833{
4834    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4835    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4836               ios_base::scientific);
4837    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
4838    __os.fill(__sp);
4839    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
4840    return __os;
4841}
4842
4843template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4844basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4845operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4846           weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4847{
4848    typedef weibull_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
4849    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
4850    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4851    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4852    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4853    result_type __a;
4854    result_type __b;
4855    __is >> __a >> __b;
4856    if (!__is.fail())
4857        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
4858    return __is;
4859}
4860
4861template<class _RealType = double>
4862class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS extreme_value_distribution
4863{
4864public:
4865    // types
4866    typedef _RealType result_type;
4867
4868    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4869    {
4870        result_type __a_;
4871        result_type __b_;
4872    public:
4873        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type;
4874
4875        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4876        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
4877            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
4878
4879        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4880        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
4881        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4882        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
4883
4884        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4885            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4886            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
4887        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4888            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
4889            {return !(__x == __y);}
4890    };
4891
4892private:
4893    param_type __p_;
4894
4895public:
4896    // constructor and reset functions
4897    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4898    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
4899        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
4900    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4901    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& __p)
4902        : __p_(__p) {}
4903    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4904    void reset() {}
4905
4906    // generating functions
4907    template<class _URNG>
4908        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4909        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
4910        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
4911    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
4912
4913    // property functions
4914    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4915    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
4916    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4917    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
4918
4919    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4920    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
4921    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4922    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
4923
4924    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4925    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4926    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4927    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
4928
4929    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4930        bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& __x,
4931                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y)
4932        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
4933    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4934        bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& __x,
4935                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y)
4936        {return !(__x == __y);}
4937};
4938
4939template<class _RealType>
4940template<class _URNG>
4941_RealType
4942extreme_value_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
4943{
4944    return __p.a() - __p.b() *
4945         _VSTD::log(-_VSTD::log(1-uniform_real_distribution<result_type>()(__g)));
4946}
4947
4948template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4949basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4950operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
4951           const extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4952{
4953    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
4954    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
4955               ios_base::scientific);
4956    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
4957    __os.fill(__sp);
4958    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
4959    return __os;
4960}
4961
4962template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
4963basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
4964operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
4965           extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x)
4966{
4967    typedef extreme_value_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
4968    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
4969    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
4970    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
4971    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
4972    result_type __a;
4973    result_type __b;
4974    __is >> __a >> __b;
4975    if (!__is.fail())
4976        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
4977    return __is;
4978}
4979
4980// gamma_distribution
4981
4982template<class _RealType = double>
4983class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS gamma_distribution
4984{
4985public:
4986    // types
4987    typedef _RealType result_type;
4988
4989    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
4990    {
4991        result_type __alpha_;
4992        result_type __beta_;
4993    public:
4994        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type;
4995
4996        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4997        explicit param_type(result_type __alpha = 1, result_type __beta = 1)
4998            : __alpha_(__alpha), __beta_(__beta) {}
4999
5000        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5001        result_type alpha() const {return __alpha_;}
5002        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5003        result_type beta() const {return __beta_;}
5004
5005        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5006            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5007            {return __x.__alpha_ == __y.__alpha_ && __x.__beta_ == __y.__beta_;}
5008        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5009            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5010            {return !(__x == __y);}
5011    };
5012
5013private:
5014    param_type __p_;
5015
5016public:
5017    // constructors and reset functions
5018    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5019    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type __alpha = 1, result_type __beta = 1)
5020        : __p_(param_type(__alpha, __beta)) {}
5021    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5022    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5023        : __p_(__p) {}
5024    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5025    void reset() {}
5026
5027    // generating functions
5028    template<class _URNG>
5029        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5030        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5031        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5032    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5033
5034    // property functions
5035    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5036    result_type alpha() const {return __p_.alpha();}
5037    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5038    result_type beta() const {return __p_.beta();}
5039
5040    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5041    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5042    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5043    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5044
5045    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5046    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5047    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5048    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5049
5050    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5051        bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& __x,
5052                        const gamma_distribution& __y)
5053        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5054    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5055        bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& __x,
5056                        const gamma_distribution& __y)
5057        {return !(__x == __y);}
5058};
5059
5060template <class _RealType>
5061template<class _URNG>
5062_RealType
5063gamma_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5064{
5065    result_type __a = __p.alpha();
5066    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen(0, 1);
5067    exponential_distribution<result_type> __egen;
5068    result_type __x;
5069    if (__a == 1)
5070        __x = __egen(__g);
5071    else if (__a > 1)
5072    {
5073        const result_type __b = __a - 1;
5074        const result_type __c = 3 * __a - result_type(0.75);
5075        while (true)
5076        {
5077            const result_type __u = __gen(__g);
5078            const result_type __v = __gen(__g);
5079            const result_type __w = __u * (1 - __u);
5080            if (__w != 0)
5081            {
5082                const result_type __y = _VSTD::sqrt(__c / __w) *
5083                                        (__u - result_type(0.5));
5084                __x = __b + __y;
5085                if (__x >= 0)
5086                {
5087                    const result_type __z = 64 * __w * __w * __w * __v * __v;
5088                    if (__z <= 1 - 2 * __y * __y / __x)
5089                        break;
5090                    if (_VSTD::log(__z) <= 2 * (__b * _VSTD::log(__x / __b) - __y))
5091                        break;
5092                }
5093            }
5094        }
5095    }
5096    else  // __a < 1
5097    {
5098        while (true)
5099        {
5100            const result_type __u = __gen(__g);
5101            const result_type __es = __egen(__g);
5102            if (__u <= 1 - __a)
5103            {
5104                __x = _VSTD::pow(__u, 1 / __a);
5105                if (__x <= __es)
5106                    break;
5107            }
5108            else
5109            {
5110                const result_type __e = -_VSTD::log((1-__u)/__a);
5111                __x = _VSTD::pow(1 - __a + __a * __e, 1 / __a);
5112                if (__x <= __e + __es)
5113                    break;
5114            }
5115        }
5116    }
5117    return __x * __p.beta();
5118}
5119
5120template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5121basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5122operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5123           const gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5124{
5125    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5126    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5127               ios_base::scientific);
5128    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
5129    __os.fill(__sp);
5130    __os << __x.alpha() << __sp << __x.beta();
5131    return __os;
5132}
5133
5134template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5135basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5136operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5137           gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5138{
5139    typedef gamma_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
5140    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5141    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5142    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5143    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5144    result_type __alpha;
5145    result_type __beta;
5146    __is >> __alpha >> __beta;
5147    if (!__is.fail())
5148        __x.param(param_type(__alpha, __beta));
5149    return __is;
5150}
5151
5152// negative_binomial_distribution
5153
5154template<class _IntType = int>
5155class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS negative_binomial_distribution
5156{
5157public:
5158    // types
5159    typedef _IntType result_type;
5160
5161    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5162    {
5163        result_type __k_;
5164        double __p_;
5165    public:
5166        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type;
5167
5168        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5169        explicit param_type(result_type __k = 1, double __p = 0.5)
5170            : __k_(__k), __p_(__p) {}
5171
5172        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5173        result_type k() const {return __k_;}
5174        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5175        double p() const {return __p_;}
5176
5177        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5178            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5179            {return __x.__k_ == __y.__k_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5180        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5181            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5182            {return !(__x == __y);}
5183    };
5184
5185private:
5186    param_type __p_;
5187
5188public:
5189    // constructor and reset functions
5190    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5191    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type __k = 1, double __p = 0.5)
5192        : __p_(__k, __p) {}
5193    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5194    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
5195    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5196    void reset() {}
5197
5198    // generating functions
5199    template<class _URNG>
5200        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5201        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5202        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5203    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5204
5205    // property functions
5206    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5207    result_type k() const {return __p_.k();}
5208    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5209    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
5210
5211    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5212    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5213    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5214    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5215
5216    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5217    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5218    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5219    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
5220
5221    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5222        bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x,
5223                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y)
5224        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5225    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5226        bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x,
5227                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y)
5228        {return !(__x == __y);}
5229};
5230
5231template <class _IntType>
5232template<class _URNG>
5233_IntType
5234negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr)
5235{
5236    result_type __k = __pr.k();
5237    double __p = __pr.p();
5238    if (__k <= 21 * __p)
5239    {
5240        bernoulli_distribution __gen(__p);
5241        result_type __f = 0;
5242        result_type __s = 0;
5243        while (__s < __k)
5244        {
5245            if (__gen(__urng))
5246                ++__s;
5247            else
5248                ++__f;
5249        }
5250        return __f;
5251    }
5252    return poisson_distribution<result_type>(gamma_distribution<double>
5253                                            (__k, (1-__p)/__p)(__urng))(__urng);
5254}
5255
5256template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
5257basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5258operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5259           const negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
5260{
5261    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5262    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5263               ios_base::scientific);
5264    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
5265    __os.fill(__sp);
5266    return __os << __x.k() << __sp << __x.p();
5267}
5268
5269template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
5270basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5271operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5272           negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
5273{
5274    typedef negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
5275    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5276    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5277    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5278    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5279    result_type __k;
5280    double __p;
5281    __is >> __k >> __p;
5282    if (!__is.fail())
5283        __x.param(param_type(__k, __p));
5284    return __is;
5285}
5286
5287// geometric_distribution
5288
5289template<class _IntType = int>
5290class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS geometric_distribution
5291{
5292public:
5293    // types
5294    typedef _IntType result_type;
5295
5296    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5297    {
5298        double __p_;
5299    public:
5300        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type;
5301
5302        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5303        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {}
5304
5305        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5306        double p() const {return __p_;}
5307
5308        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5309            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5310            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5311        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5312            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5313            {return !(__x == __y);}
5314    };
5315
5316private:
5317    param_type __p_;
5318
5319public:
5320    // constructors and reset functions
5321    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5322    explicit geometric_distribution(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {}
5323    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5324    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
5325    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5326    void reset() {}
5327
5328    // generating functions
5329    template<class _URNG>
5330        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5331        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5332        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5333    template<class _URNG>
5334        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5335        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5336        {return negative_binomial_distribution<result_type>(1, __p.p())(__g);}
5337
5338    // property functions
5339    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5340    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
5341
5342    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5343    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5344    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5345    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5346
5347    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5348    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5349    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5350    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
5351
5352    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5353        bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& __x,
5354                        const geometric_distribution& __y)
5355        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5356    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5357        bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& __x,
5358                        const geometric_distribution& __y)
5359        {return !(__x == __y);}
5360};
5361
5362template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
5363basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5364operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5365           const geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
5366{
5367    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5368    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5369               ios_base::scientific);
5370    return __os << __x.p();
5371}
5372
5373template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
5374basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5375operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5376           geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
5377{
5378    typedef geometric_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
5379    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5380    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5381    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5382    double __p;
5383    __is >> __p;
5384    if (!__is.fail())
5385        __x.param(param_type(__p));
5386    return __is;
5387}
5388
5389// chi_squared_distribution
5390
5391template<class _RealType = double>
5392class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS chi_squared_distribution
5393{
5394public:
5395    // types
5396    typedef _RealType result_type;
5397
5398    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5399    {
5400        result_type __n_;
5401    public:
5402        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type;
5403
5404        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5405        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {}
5406
5407        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5408        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
5409
5410        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5411            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5412            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
5413        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5414            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5415            {return !(__x == __y);}
5416    };
5417
5418private:
5419    param_type __p_;
5420
5421public:
5422    // constructor and reset functions
5423    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5424    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type __n = 1)
5425        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
5426    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5427    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5428        : __p_(__p) {}
5429    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5430    void reset() {}
5431
5432    // generating functions
5433    template<class _URNG>
5434        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5435        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5436        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5437    template<class _URNG>
5438        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5439        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5440        {return gamma_distribution<result_type>(__p.n() / 2, 2)(__g);}
5441
5442    // property functions
5443    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5444    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
5445
5446    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5447    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5448    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5449    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5450
5451    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5452    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5453    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5454    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5455
5456    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5457        bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& __x,
5458                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y)
5459        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5460    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5461        bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& __x,
5462                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y)
5463        {return !(__x == __y);}
5464};
5465
5466template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5467basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5468operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5469           const chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5470{
5471    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5472    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5473               ios_base::scientific);
5474    __os << __x.n();
5475    return __os;
5476}
5477
5478template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5479basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5480operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5481           chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5482{
5483    typedef chi_squared_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
5484    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5485    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5486    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5487    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5488    result_type __n;
5489    __is >> __n;
5490    if (!__is.fail())
5491        __x.param(param_type(__n));
5492    return __is;
5493}
5494
5495// cauchy_distribution
5496
5497template<class _RealType = double>
5498class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS cauchy_distribution
5499{
5500public:
5501    // types
5502    typedef _RealType result_type;
5503
5504    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5505    {
5506        result_type __a_;
5507        result_type __b_;
5508    public:
5509        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type;
5510
5511        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5512        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
5513            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
5514
5515        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5516        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
5517        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5518        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
5519
5520        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5521            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5522            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
5523        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5524            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5525            {return !(__x == __y);}
5526    };
5527
5528private:
5529    param_type __p_;
5530
5531public:
5532    // constructor and reset functions
5533    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5534    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
5535        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
5536    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5537    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5538        : __p_(__p) {}
5539    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5540    void reset() {}
5541
5542    // generating functions
5543    template<class _URNG>
5544        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5545        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5546        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5547    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5548
5549    // property functions
5550    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5551    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
5552    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5553    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
5554
5555    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5556    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5557    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5558    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5559
5560    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5561    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5562    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5563    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5564
5565    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5566        bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& __x,
5567                        const cauchy_distribution& __y)
5568        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5569    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5570        bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& __x,
5571                        const cauchy_distribution& __y)
5572        {return !(__x == __y);}
5573};
5574
5575template <class _RealType>
5576template<class _URNG>
5577inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5578_RealType
5579cauchy_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5580{
5581    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen;
5582    // purposefully let tan arg get as close to pi/2 as it wants, tan will return a finite
5583    return __p.a() + __p.b() * _VSTD::tan(3.1415926535897932384626433832795 * __gen(__g));
5584}
5585
5586template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5587basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5588operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5589           const cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5590{
5591    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5592    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5593               ios_base::scientific);
5594    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
5595    __os.fill(__sp);
5596    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
5597    return __os;
5598}
5599
5600template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5601basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5602operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5603           cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5604{
5605    typedef cauchy_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
5606    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5607    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5608    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5609    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5610    result_type __a;
5611    result_type __b;
5612    __is >> __a >> __b;
5613    if (!__is.fail())
5614        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
5615    return __is;
5616}
5617
5618// fisher_f_distribution
5619
5620template<class _RealType = double>
5621class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS fisher_f_distribution
5622{
5623public:
5624    // types
5625    typedef _RealType result_type;
5626
5627    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5628    {
5629        result_type __m_;
5630        result_type __n_;
5631    public:
5632        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type;
5633
5634        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5635        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1)
5636            : __m_(__m), __n_(__n) {}
5637
5638        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5639        result_type m() const {return __m_;}
5640        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5641        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
5642
5643        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5644            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5645            {return __x.__m_ == __y.__m_ && __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
5646        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5647            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5648            {return !(__x == __y);}
5649    };
5650
5651private:
5652    param_type __p_;
5653
5654public:
5655    // constructor and reset functions
5656    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5657    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1)
5658        : __p_(param_type(__m, __n)) {}
5659    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5660    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5661        : __p_(__p) {}
5662    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5663    void reset() {}
5664
5665    // generating functions
5666    template<class _URNG>
5667        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5668        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5669        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5670    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5671
5672    // property functions
5673    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5674    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();}
5675    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5676    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
5677
5678    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5679    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5680    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5681    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5682
5683    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5684    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5685    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5686    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5687
5688    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5689        bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& __x,
5690                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y)
5691        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5692    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5693        bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& __x,
5694                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y)
5695        {return !(__x == __y);}
5696};
5697
5698template <class _RealType>
5699template<class _URNG>
5700_RealType
5701fisher_f_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5702{
5703    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdm(__p.m() * result_type(.5));
5704    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdn(__p.n() * result_type(.5));
5705    return __p.n() * __gdm(__g) / (__p.m() * __gdn(__g));
5706}
5707
5708template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5709basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5710operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5711           const fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5712{
5713    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5714    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5715               ios_base::scientific);
5716    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
5717    __os.fill(__sp);
5718    __os << __x.m() << __sp << __x.n();
5719    return __os;
5720}
5721
5722template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5723basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5724operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5725           fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5726{
5727    typedef fisher_f_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
5728    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5729    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5730    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5731    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5732    result_type __m;
5733    result_type __n;
5734    __is >> __m >> __n;
5735    if (!__is.fail())
5736        __x.param(param_type(__m, __n));
5737    return __is;
5738}
5739
5740// student_t_distribution
5741
5742template<class _RealType = double>
5743class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS student_t_distribution
5744{
5745public:
5746    // types
5747    typedef _RealType result_type;
5748
5749    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5750    {
5751        result_type __n_;
5752    public:
5753        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type;
5754
5755        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5756        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {}
5757
5758        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5759        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
5760
5761        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5762            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5763            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
5764        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5765            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5766            {return !(__x == __y);}
5767    };
5768
5769private:
5770    param_type __p_;
5771    normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_;
5772
5773public:
5774    // constructor and reset functions
5775    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5776    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type __n = 1)
5777        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
5778    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5779    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5780        : __p_(__p) {}
5781    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5782    void reset() {__nd_.reset();}
5783
5784    // generating functions
5785    template<class _URNG>
5786        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5787        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5788        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5789    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5790
5791    // property functions
5792    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5793    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
5794
5795    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5796    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5797    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5798    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5799
5800    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5801    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5802    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5803    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
5804
5805    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5806        bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& __x,
5807                        const student_t_distribution& __y)
5808        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5809    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5810        bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& __x,
5811                        const student_t_distribution& __y)
5812        {return !(__x == __y);}
5813};
5814
5815template <class _RealType>
5816template<class _URNG>
5817_RealType
5818student_t_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
5819{
5820    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gd(__p.n() * .5, 2);
5821    return __nd_(__g) * _VSTD::sqrt(__p.n()/__gd(__g));
5822}
5823
5824template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5825basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5826operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5827           const student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5828{
5829    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
5830    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
5831               ios_base::scientific);
5832    __os << __x.n();
5833    return __os;
5834}
5835
5836template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
5837basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5838operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5839           student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x)
5840{
5841    typedef student_t_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
5842    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
5843    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
5844    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
5845    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
5846    result_type __n;
5847    __is >> __n;
5848    if (!__is.fail())
5849        __x.param(param_type(__n));
5850    return __is;
5851}
5852
5853// discrete_distribution
5854
5855template<class _IntType = int>
5856class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS discrete_distribution
5857{
5858public:
5859    // types
5860    typedef _IntType result_type;
5861
5862    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
5863    {
5864        vector<double> __p_;
5865    public:
5866        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type;
5867
5868        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5869        param_type() {}
5870        template<class _InputIterator>
5871            _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5872            param_type(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
5873            : __p_(__f, __l) {__init();}
5874#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
5875        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5876        param_type(initializer_list<double> __wl)
5877            : __p_(__wl.begin(), __wl.end()) {__init();}
5878#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
5879        template<class _UnaryOperation>
5880            param_type(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax,
5881                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
5882
5883        vector<double> probabilities() const;
5884
5885        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5886            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5887            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5888        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5889            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
5890            {return !(__x == __y);}
5891
5892    private:
5893        void __init();
5894
5895        friend class discrete_distribution;
5896
5897        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
5898        friend
5899        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5900        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5901                   const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
5902
5903        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
5904        friend
5905        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5906        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5907                   discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
5908    };
5909
5910private:
5911    param_type __p_;
5912
5913public:
5914    // constructor and reset functions
5915    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5916    discrete_distribution() {}
5917    template<class _InputIterator>
5918        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5919        discrete_distribution(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
5920            : __p_(__f, __l) {}
5921#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
5922    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5923    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> __wl)
5924        : __p_(__wl) {}
5925#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
5926    template<class _UnaryOperation>
5927        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5928        discrete_distribution(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax,
5929                              _UnaryOperation __fw)
5930        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
5931    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& __p)
5932    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5933        : __p_(__p) {}
5934    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5935    void reset() {}
5936
5937    // generating functions
5938    template<class _URNG>
5939        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5940        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
5941        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
5942    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
5943
5944    // property functions
5945    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5946    vector<double> probabilities() const {return __p_.probabilities();}
5947
5948    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5949    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
5950    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5951    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
5952
5953    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5954    result_type min() const {return 0;}
5955    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5956    result_type max() const {return __p_.__p_.size();}
5957
5958    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5959        bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& __x,
5960                        const discrete_distribution& __y)
5961        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
5962    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5963        bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& __x,
5964                        const discrete_distribution& __y)
5965        {return !(__x == __y);}
5966
5967    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
5968    friend
5969    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5970    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5971               const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
5972
5973    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
5974    friend
5975    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5976    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5977               discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
5978};
5979
5980template<class _IntType>
5981template<class _UnaryOperation>
5982discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(size_t __nw,
5983                                                        double __xmin,
5984                                                        double __xmax,
5985                                                        _UnaryOperation __fw)
5986{
5987    if (__nw > 1)
5988    {
5989        __p_.reserve(__nw - 1);
5990        double __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __nw;
5991        double __d2 = __d / 2;
5992        for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __nw; ++__k)
5993            __p_.push_back(__fw(__xmin + __k * __d + __d2));
5994        __init();
5995    }
5996}
5997
5998template<class _IntType>
5999void
6000discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::__init()
6001{
6002    if (!__p_.empty())
6003    {
6004        if (__p_.size() > 1)
6005        {
6006            double __s = _VSTD::accumulate(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), 0.0);
6007            for (_VSTD::vector<double>::iterator __i = __p_.begin(), __e = __p_.end();
6008                                                                       __i < __e; ++__i)
6009                *__i /= __s;
6010            vector<double> __t(__p_.size() - 1);
6011            _VSTD::partial_sum(__p_.begin(), __p_.end() - 1, __t.begin());
6012            swap(__p_, __t);
6013        }
6014        else
6015        {
6016            __p_.clear();
6017            __p_.shrink_to_fit();
6018        }
6019    }
6020}
6021
6022template<class _IntType>
6023vector<double>
6024discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::probabilities() const
6025{
6026    size_t __n = __p_.size();
6027    _VSTD::vector<double> __p(__n+1);
6028    _VSTD::adjacent_difference(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), __p.begin());
6029    if (__n > 0)
6030        __p[__n] = 1 - __p_[__n-1];
6031    else
6032        __p[0] = 1;
6033    return __p;
6034}
6035
6036template<class _IntType>
6037template<class _URNG>
6038_IntType
6039discrete_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
6040{
6041    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
6042    return static_cast<_IntType>(
6043           _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__p_.begin(), __p.__p_.end(), __gen(__g)) -
6044                                                              __p.__p_.begin());
6045}
6046
6047template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
6048basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6049operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6050           const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x)
6051{
6052    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
6053    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
6054               ios_base::scientific);
6055    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
6056    __os.fill(__sp);
6057    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__p_.size();
6058    __os << __n;
6059    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6060        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__p_[__i];
6061    return __os;
6062}
6063
6064template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
6065basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6066operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6067           discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x)
6068{
6069    typedef discrete_distribution<_IT> _Eng;
6070    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
6071    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
6072    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
6073    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
6074    size_t __n;
6075    __is >> __n;
6076    vector<double> __p(__n);
6077    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6078        __is >> __p[__i];
6079    if (!__is.fail())
6080        swap(__x.__p_.__p_, __p);
6081    return __is;
6082}
6083
6084// piecewise_constant_distribution
6085
6086template<class _RealType = double>
6087class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS piecewise_constant_distribution
6088{
6089public:
6090    // types
6091    typedef _RealType result_type;
6092
6093    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
6094    {
6095        vector<result_type> __b_;
6096        vector<result_type> __densities_;
6097        vector<result_type> __areas_;
6098    public:
6099        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type;
6100
6101        param_type();
6102        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6103            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB,
6104                       _InputIteratorW __fW);
6105#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6106        template<class _UnaryOperation>
6107            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw);
6108#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6109        template<class _UnaryOperation>
6110            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax,
6111                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
6112        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs);
6113
6114        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6115        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;}
6116        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6117        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;}
6118
6119        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6120            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
6121            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
6122        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6123            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
6124            {return !(__x == __y);}
6125
6126    private:
6127        void __init();
6128
6129        friend class piecewise_constant_distribution;
6130
6131        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6132        friend
6133        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6134        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6135                   const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6136
6137        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6138        friend
6139        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6140        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6141                   piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6142    };
6143
6144private:
6145    param_type __p_;
6146
6147public:
6148    // constructor and reset functions
6149    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6150    piecewise_constant_distribution() {}
6151    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6152        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6153        piecewise_constant_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB,
6154                                        _InputIteratorB __lB,
6155                                        _InputIteratorW __fW)
6156        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {}
6157
6158#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6159    template<class _UnaryOperation>
6160        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6161        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl,
6162                                        _UnaryOperation __fw)
6163        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {}
6164#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6165
6166    template<class _UnaryOperation>
6167        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6168        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin,
6169                                        result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6170        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
6171
6172    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6173    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& __p)
6174        : __p_(__p) {}
6175
6176    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6177    void reset() {}
6178
6179    // generating functions
6180    template<class _URNG>
6181        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6182        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
6183        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
6184    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
6185
6186    // property functions
6187    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6188    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();}
6189    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6190    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();}
6191
6192    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6193    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
6194    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6195    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
6196
6197    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6198    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();}
6199    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6200    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();}
6201
6202    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6203        bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x,
6204                        const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y)
6205        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
6206    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6207        bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x,
6208                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y)
6209        {return !(__x == __y);}
6210
6211    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6212    friend
6213    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6214    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6215               const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6216
6217    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6218    friend
6219    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6220    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6221               piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6222};
6223
6224template<class _RealType>
6225typename piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type &
6226piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator=
6227                                                       (const param_type& __rhs)
6228{
6229//  These can throw
6230    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ());
6231    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size());
6232    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size());
6233
6234//  These can not throw
6235    __b_         = __rhs.__b_;
6236    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_;
6237    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_;
6238    return *this;
6239}
6240
6241template<class _RealType>
6242void
6243piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init()
6244{
6245    // __densities_ contains non-normalized areas
6246    result_type __total_area = _VSTD::accumulate(__densities_.begin(),
6247                                                __densities_.end(),
6248                                                result_type());
6249    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
6250        __densities_[__i] /= __total_area;
6251    // __densities_ contains normalized areas
6252    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size(), result_type());
6253    _VSTD::partial_sum(__densities_.begin(), __densities_.end() - 1,
6254                                                          __areas_.begin() + 1);
6255    // __areas_ contains partial sums of normalized areas: [0, __densities_ - 1]
6256    __densities_.back() = 1 - __areas_.back();  // correct round off error
6257    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
6258        __densities_[__i] /= (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]);
6259    // __densities_ now contains __densities_
6260}
6261
6262template<class _RealType>
6263piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type()
6264    : __b_(2),
6265      __densities_(1, 1.0),
6266      __areas_(1, 0.0)
6267{
6268    __b_[1] = 1;
6269}
6270
6271template<class _RealType>
6272template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6273piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6274        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW)
6275    : __b_(__fB, __lB)
6276{
6277    if (__b_.size() < 2)
6278    {
6279        __b_.resize(2);
6280        __b_[0] = 0;
6281        __b_[1] = 1;
6282        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0);
6283        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
6284    }
6285    else
6286    {
6287        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1);
6288        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i, ++__fW)
6289            __densities_.push_back(*__fW);
6290        __init();
6291    }
6292}
6293
6294#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6295
6296template<class _RealType>
6297template<class _UnaryOperation>
6298piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6299        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6300    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end())
6301{
6302    if (__b_.size() < 2)
6303    {
6304        __b_.resize(2);
6305        __b_[0] = 0;
6306        __b_[1] = 1;
6307        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0);
6308        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
6309    }
6310    else
6311    {
6312        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1);
6313        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i)
6314            __densities_.push_back(__fw((__b_[__i+1] + __b_[__i])*.5));
6315        __init();
6316    }
6317}
6318
6319#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6320
6321template<class _RealType>
6322template<class _UnaryOperation>
6323piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6324        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6325    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1)
6326{
6327    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1;
6328    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n;
6329    __densities_.reserve(__n);
6330    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6331    {
6332        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d;
6333        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i] + __d*.5));
6334    }
6335    __b_[__n] = __xmax;
6336    __init();
6337}
6338
6339template<class _RealType>
6340template<class _URNG>
6341_RealType
6342piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
6343{
6344    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen;
6345    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g);
6346    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(),
6347                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1;
6348    return (__u - __p.__areas_[__k]) / __p.__densities_[__k] + __p.__b_[__k];
6349}
6350
6351template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6352basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6353operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6354           const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x)
6355{
6356    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
6357    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
6358               ios_base::scientific);
6359    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
6360    __os.fill(__sp);
6361    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size();
6362    __os << __n;
6363    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6364        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i];
6365    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size();
6366    __os << __sp << __n;
6367    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6368        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i];
6369    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size();
6370    __os << __sp << __n;
6371    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6372        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i];
6373    return __os;
6374}
6375
6376template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6377basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6378operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6379           piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x)
6380{
6381    typedef piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
6382    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
6383    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
6384    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
6385    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
6386    size_t __n;
6387    __is >> __n;
6388    vector<result_type> __b(__n);
6389    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6390        __is >> __b[__i];
6391    __is >> __n;
6392    vector<result_type> __densities(__n);
6393    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6394        __is >> __densities[__i];
6395    __is >> __n;
6396    vector<result_type> __areas(__n);
6397    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6398        __is >> __areas[__i];
6399    if (!__is.fail())
6400    {
6401        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b);
6402        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities);
6403        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas);
6404    }
6405    return __is;
6406}
6407
6408// piecewise_linear_distribution
6409
6410template<class _RealType = double>
6411class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS piecewise_linear_distribution
6412{
6413public:
6414    // types
6415    typedef _RealType result_type;
6416
6417    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS param_type
6418    {
6419        vector<result_type> __b_;
6420        vector<result_type> __densities_;
6421        vector<result_type> __areas_;
6422    public:
6423        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type;
6424
6425        param_type();
6426        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6427            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB,
6428                       _InputIteratorW __fW);
6429#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6430        template<class _UnaryOperation>
6431            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw);
6432#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6433        template<class _UnaryOperation>
6434            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax,
6435                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
6436        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs);
6437        
6438        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6439        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;}
6440        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6441        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;}
6442
6443        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6444            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
6445            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
6446        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6447            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
6448            {return !(__x == __y);}
6449
6450    private:
6451        void __init();
6452
6453        friend class piecewise_linear_distribution;
6454
6455        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6456        friend
6457        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6458        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6459                   const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6460
6461        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6462        friend
6463        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6464        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6465                   piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6466    };
6467
6468private:
6469    param_type __p_;
6470
6471public:
6472    // constructor and reset functions
6473    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6474    piecewise_linear_distribution() {}
6475    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6476        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6477        piecewise_linear_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB,
6478                                      _InputIteratorB __lB,
6479                                      _InputIteratorW __fW)
6480        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {}
6481
6482#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6483    template<class _UnaryOperation>
6484        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6485        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl,
6486                                      _UnaryOperation __fw)
6487        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {}
6488#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6489
6490    template<class _UnaryOperation>
6491        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6492        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin,
6493                                      result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6494        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
6495
6496    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6497    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& __p)
6498        : __p_(__p) {}
6499
6500    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6501    void reset() {}
6502
6503    // generating functions
6504    template<class _URNG>
6505        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6506        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
6507        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
6508    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
6509
6510    // property functions
6511    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6512    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();}
6513    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6514    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();}
6515
6516    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6517    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
6518    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6519    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
6520
6521    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6522    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();}
6523    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6524    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();}
6525
6526    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6527        bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x,
6528                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y)
6529        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
6530    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
6531        bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x,
6532                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y)
6533        {return !(__x == __y);}
6534
6535    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6536    friend
6537    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6538    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6539               const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6540
6541    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6542    friend
6543    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6544    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6545               piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
6546};
6547
6548template<class _RealType>
6549typename piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type &
6550piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator=
6551                                                       (const param_type& __rhs)
6552{
6553//  These can throw
6554    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ());
6555    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size());
6556    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size());
6557
6558//  These can not throw
6559    __b_         = __rhs.__b_;
6560    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_;
6561    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_;
6562    return *this;
6563}
6564
6565
6566template<class _RealType>
6567void
6568piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init()
6569{
6570    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size() - 1, result_type());
6571    result_type _Sp = 0;
6572    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i)
6573    {
6574        __areas_[__i] = (__densities_[__i+1] + __densities_[__i]) *
6575                        (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]) * .5;
6576        _Sp += __areas_[__i];
6577    }
6578    for (size_t __i = __areas_.size(); __i > 1;)
6579    {
6580        --__i;
6581        __areas_[__i] = __areas_[__i-1] / _Sp;
6582    }
6583    __areas_[0] = 0;
6584    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i)
6585        __areas_[__i] += __areas_[__i-1];
6586    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
6587        __densities_[__i] /= _Sp;
6588}
6589
6590template<class _RealType>
6591piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type()
6592    : __b_(2),
6593      __densities_(2, 1.0),
6594      __areas_(1, 0.0)
6595{
6596    __b_[1] = 1;
6597}
6598
6599template<class _RealType>
6600template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
6601piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6602        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW)
6603    : __b_(__fB, __lB)
6604{
6605    if (__b_.size() < 2)
6606    {
6607        __b_.resize(2);
6608        __b_[0] = 0;
6609        __b_[1] = 1;
6610        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0);
6611        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
6612    }
6613    else
6614    {
6615        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
6616        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i, ++__fW)
6617            __densities_.push_back(*__fW);
6618        __init();
6619    }
6620}
6621
6622#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6623
6624template<class _RealType>
6625template<class _UnaryOperation>
6626piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6627        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6628    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end())
6629{
6630    if (__b_.size() < 2)
6631    {
6632        __b_.resize(2);
6633        __b_[0] = 0;
6634        __b_[1] = 1;
6635        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0);
6636        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
6637    }
6638    else
6639    {
6640        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
6641        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i)
6642            __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i]));
6643        __init();
6644    }
6645}
6646
6647#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_GENERALIZED_INITIALIZERS
6648
6649template<class _RealType>
6650template<class _UnaryOperation>
6651piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
6652        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
6653    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1)
6654{
6655    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1;
6656    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n;
6657    __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
6658    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6659    {
6660        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d;
6661        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i]));
6662    }
6663    __b_[__n] = __xmax;
6664    __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__n]));
6665    __init();
6666}
6667
6668template<class _RealType>
6669template<class _URNG>
6670_RealType
6671piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
6672{
6673    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen;
6674    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g);
6675    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(),
6676                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1;
6677    __u -= __p.__areas_[__k];
6678    const result_type __dk = __p.__densities_[__k];
6679    const result_type __dk1 = __p.__densities_[__k+1];
6680    const result_type __deltad = __dk1 - __dk;
6681    const result_type __bk = __p.__b_[__k];
6682    if (__deltad == 0)
6683        return __u / __dk + __bk;
6684    const result_type __bk1 = __p.__b_[__k+1];
6685    const result_type __deltab = __bk1 - __bk;
6686    return (__bk * __dk1 - __bk1 * __dk +
6687        _VSTD::sqrt(__deltab * (__deltab * __dk * __dk + 2 * __deltad * __u))) /
6688        __deltad;
6689}
6690
6691template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6692basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6693operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6694           const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x)
6695{
6696    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
6697    __os.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::left | ios_base::fixed |
6698               ios_base::scientific);
6699    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
6700    __os.fill(__sp);
6701    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size();
6702    __os << __n;
6703    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6704        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i];
6705    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size();
6706    __os << __sp << __n;
6707    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6708        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i];
6709    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size();
6710    __os << __sp << __n;
6711    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6712        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i];
6713    return __os;
6714}
6715
6716template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
6717basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6718operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6719           piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x)
6720{
6721    typedef piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
6722    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
6723    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
6724    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
6725    __is.flags(ios_base::dec | ios_base::skipws);
6726    size_t __n;
6727    __is >> __n;
6728    vector<result_type> __b(__n);
6729    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6730        __is >> __b[__i];
6731    __is >> __n;
6732    vector<result_type> __densities(__n);
6733    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6734        __is >> __densities[__i];
6735    __is >> __n;
6736    vector<result_type> __areas(__n);
6737    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
6738        __is >> __areas[__i];
6739    if (!__is.fail())
6740    {
6741        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b);
6742        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities);
6743        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas);
6744    }
6745    return __is;
6746}
6747
6748_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
6749
6750#endif  // _LIBCPP_RANDOM
6751