bmake.cat1 revision 281812
1236769SobrienMAKE(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual MAKE(1) 2236769Sobrien 3236769SobrienNNAAMMEE 4236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee -- maintain program dependencies 5236769Sobrien 6236769SobrienSSYYNNOOPPSSIISS 7253883Ssjg bbmmaakkee [--BBeeiikkNNnnqqrrssttWWwwXX] [--CC _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--DD _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e] [--dd _f_l_a_g_s] 8236769Sobrien [--ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e] [--II _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--JJ _p_r_i_v_a_t_e] [--jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s] 9236769Sobrien [--mm _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--TT _f_i_l_e] [--VV _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e] [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e] 10236769Sobrien [_t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.] 11236769Sobrien 12236769SobrienDDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN 13236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro- 14236769Sobrien grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which 15236769Sobrien programs and other files depend. If no --ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e makefile option is 16236769Sobrien given, bbmmaakkee will try to open `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' then `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' in order to find 17236769Sobrien the specifications. If the file `_._d_e_p_e_n_d' exists, it is read (see 18236769Sobrien mkdep(1)). 19236769Sobrien 20236769Sobrien This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more 21236769Sobrien thorough description of bbmmaakkee and makefiles, please refer to _P_M_a_k_e _- _A 22236769Sobrien _T_u_t_o_r_i_a_l. 23236769Sobrien 24236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee will prepend the contents of the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable to 25236769Sobrien the command line arguments before parsing them. 26236769Sobrien 27236769Sobrien The options are as follows: 28236769Sobrien 29236769Sobrien --BB Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per 30236769Sobrien command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a 31236769Sobrien dependency line in sequence. 32236769Sobrien 33236769Sobrien --CC _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y 34236769Sobrien Change to _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y before reading the makefiles or doing any- 35236769Sobrien thing else. If multiple --CC options are specified, each is inter- 36236769Sobrien preted relative to the previous one: --CC _/ --CC _e_t_c is equivalent to 37236769Sobrien --CC _/_e_t_c. 38236769Sobrien 39236769Sobrien --DD _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e 40236769Sobrien Define _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to be 1, in the global context. 41236769Sobrien 42236769Sobrien --dd _[_-_]_f_l_a_g_s 43236769Sobrien Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of bbmmaakkee are to 44236769Sobrien print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by 45236769Sobrien `-' they are added to the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable and will 46236769Sobrien be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging 47236769Sobrien information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed 48236769Sobrien using the _F debugging flag. The debugging output is always 49236769Sobrien unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging 50236769Sobrien output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out- 51236769Sobrien put is line buffered. _F_l_a_g_s is one or more of the following: 52236769Sobrien 53236769Sobrien _A Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to 54236769Sobrien specifying all of the debugging flags. 55236769Sobrien 56236769Sobrien _a Print debugging information about archive searching and 57236769Sobrien caching. 58236769Sobrien 59236769Sobrien _C Print debugging information about current working direc- 60236769Sobrien tory. 61236769Sobrien 62236769Sobrien _c Print debugging information about conditional evaluation. 63236769Sobrien 64236769Sobrien _d Print debugging information about directory searching and 65236769Sobrien caching. 66236769Sobrien 67236769Sobrien _e Print debugging information about failed commands and 68236769Sobrien targets. 69236769Sobrien 70236769Sobrien _F[++]_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e 71236769Sobrien Specify where debugging output is written. This must be 72236769Sobrien the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the 73236769Sobrien argument. If the character immediately after the `F' 74236769Sobrien flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode; 75236769Sobrien otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name 76236769Sobrien is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be 77236769Sobrien written to the standard output or standard error output 78236769Sobrien file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no 79236769Sobrien effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the 80236769Sobrien named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is 81236769Sobrien replaced by the pid. 82236769Sobrien 83236769Sobrien _f Print debugging information about loop evaluation. 84236769Sobrien 85236769Sobrien _g_1 Print the input graph before making anything. 86236769Sobrien 87236769Sobrien _g_2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before 88236769Sobrien exiting on error. 89236769Sobrien 90236769Sobrien _g_3 Print the input graph before exiting on error. 91236769Sobrien 92236769Sobrien _j Print debugging information about running multiple 93236769Sobrien shells. 94236769Sobrien 95236769Sobrien _l Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not 96236769Sobrien they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also 97236769Sobrien known as "loud" behavior. 98236769Sobrien 99236769Sobrien _M Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions 100236769Sobrien about targets. 101236769Sobrien 102236769Sobrien _m Print debugging information about making targets, includ- 103236769Sobrien ing modification dates. 104236769Sobrien 105236769Sobrien _n Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when 106236769Sobrien running commands. These temporary scripts are created in 107236769Sobrien the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari- 108236769Sobrien able, or in _/_t_m_p if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty 109236769Sobrien string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3), 110236769Sobrien and have names of the form _m_a_k_e_X_X_X_X_X_X. _N_O_T_E: This can 111236769Sobrien create many files in TMPDIR or _/_t_m_p, so use with care. 112236769Sobrien 113236769Sobrien _p Print debugging information about makefile parsing. 114236769Sobrien 115236769Sobrien _s Print debugging information about suffix-transformation 116236769Sobrien rules. 117236769Sobrien 118236769Sobrien _t Print debugging information about target list mainte- 119236769Sobrien nance. 120236769Sobrien 121240330Smarcel _V Force the --VV option to print raw values of variables. 122240330Smarcel 123236769Sobrien _v Print debugging information about variable assignment. 124236769Sobrien 125236769Sobrien _x Run shell commands with --xx so the actual commands are 126236769Sobrien printed as they are executed. 127236769Sobrien 128236769Sobrien --ee Specify that environment variables override macro assignments 129236769Sobrien within makefiles. 130236769Sobrien 131236769Sobrien --ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e 132236769Sobrien Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e'. If 133236769Sobrien _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e is `--', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may 134236769Sobrien be specified, and are read in the order specified. 135236769Sobrien 136236769Sobrien --II _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y 137236769Sobrien Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included 138236769Sobrien makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see 139236769Sobrien the --mm option) is automatically included as part of this list. 140236769Sobrien 141236769Sobrien --ii Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva- 142236769Sobrien lent to specifying `--' before each command line in the makefile. 143236769Sobrien 144236769Sobrien --JJ _p_r_i_v_a_t_e 145236769Sobrien This option should _n_o_t be specified by the user. 146236769Sobrien 147236769Sobrien When the _j option is in use in a recursive build, this option is 148236769Sobrien passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes 149236769Sobrien in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system. 150236769Sobrien 151236769Sobrien --jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s 152236769Sobrien Specify the maximum number of jobs that bbmmaakkee may have running at 153236769Sobrien any one time. The value is saved in _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_S. Turns compati- 154236769Sobrien bility mode off, unless the _B flag is also specified. When com- 155236769Sobrien patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are 156236769Sobrien executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi- 157236769Sobrien tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional 158236769Sobrien scripts which change directories on each command invocation and 159236769Sobrien then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line. 160236769Sobrien It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn 161236769Sobrien backwards compatibility on. 162236769Sobrien 163236769Sobrien --kk Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on 164236769Sobrien those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation 165236769Sobrien caused the error. 166236769Sobrien 167236769Sobrien --mm _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y 168236769Sobrien Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles 169236769Sobrien included via the <_f_i_l_e>-style include statement. The --mm option 170236769Sobrien can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will 171236769Sobrien override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur- 172236769Sobrien thermore the system include path will be appended to the search 173236769Sobrien path used for "_f_i_l_e"-style include statements (see the --II 174236769Sobrien option). 175236769Sobrien 176236769Sobrien If a file or directory name in the --mm argument (or the 177236769Sobrien MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../" 178236769Sobrien then bbmmaakkee will search for the specified file or directory named 179236769Sobrien in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts 180236769Sobrien with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward 181236769Sobrien towards the root of the filesystem. If the search is successful, 182236769Sobrien then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specification in 183236769Sobrien the --mm argument. If used, this feature allows bbmmaakkee to easily 184236769Sobrien search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk files 185236769Sobrien (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument). 186236769Sobrien 187236769Sobrien --nn Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not 188236769Sobrien actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe- 189236769Sobrien cial source (see below). 190236769Sobrien 191236769Sobrien --NN Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not 192236769Sobrien actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level 193236769Sobrien makefiles without descending into subdirectories. 194236769Sobrien 195236769Sobrien --qq Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets 196236769Sobrien are up-to-date and 1, otherwise. 197236769Sobrien 198236769Sobrien --rr Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile. 199236769Sobrien 200236769Sobrien --ss Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to 201236769Sobrien specifying `@@' before each command line in the makefile. 202236769Sobrien 203236769Sobrien --TT _t_r_a_c_e_f_i_l_e 204236769Sobrien When used with the --jj flag, append a trace record to _t_r_a_c_e_f_i_l_e 205236769Sobrien for each job started and completed. 206236769Sobrien 207236769Sobrien --tt Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, 208236769Sobrien create it or update its modification time to make it appear up- 209236769Sobrien to-date. 210236769Sobrien 211236769Sobrien --VV _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e 212236769Sobrien Print bbmmaakkee's idea of the value of _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e, in the global con- 213236769Sobrien text. Do not build any targets. Multiple instances of this 214236769Sobrien option may be specified; the variables will be printed one per 215236769Sobrien line, with a blank line for each null or undefined variable. If 216236769Sobrien _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e contains a `$' then the value will be expanded before 217236769Sobrien printing. 218236769Sobrien 219236769Sobrien --WW Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors. 220236769Sobrien 221281812Ssjg --ww Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and post pro- 222281812Ssjg cessing. 223281812Ssjg 224236769Sobrien --XX Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ- 225236769Sobrien ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are 226236769Sobrien still exported via the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable. This 227236769Sobrien option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the 228236769Sobrien size of command arguments. 229236769Sobrien 230236769Sobrien _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e 231236769Sobrien Set the value of the variable _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to _v_a_l_u_e. Normally, all 232236769Sobrien values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes 233236769Sobrien in the environment. The --XX flag disables this behavior. Vari- 234236769Sobrien able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility 235236769Sobrien but no ordering is enforced. 236236769Sobrien 237236769Sobrien There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency 238236769Sobrien specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements, 239236769Sobrien conditional directives, for loops, and comments. 240236769Sobrien 241236769Sobrien In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending 242236769Sobrien them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial 243236769Sobrien whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space. 244236769Sobrien 245236769SobrienFFIILLEE DDEEPPEENNDDEENNCCYY SSPPEECCIIFFIICCAATTIIOONNSS 246236769Sobrien Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or 247236769Sobrien more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend'' 248236769Sobrien on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship 249236769Sobrien between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep- 250236769Sobrien arates them. The three operators are as follows: 251236769Sobrien 252236769Sobrien :: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less 253236769Sobrien than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate 254236769Sobrien over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is 255236769Sobrien removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted. 256236769Sobrien 257236769Sobrien !! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been 258236769Sobrien examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu- 259236769Sobrien late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target 260236769Sobrien is removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted. 261236769Sobrien 262236769Sobrien :::: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth- 263236769Sobrien erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources 264236769Sobrien has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a 265236769Sobrien target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator 266236769Sobrien is used. The target will not be removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted. 267236769Sobrien 268236769Sobrien Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]', 269236769Sobrien and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the 270236769Sobrien final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe 271236769Sobrien existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe 272236769Sobrien existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as 273236769Sobrien done in the shell. 274236769Sobrien 275236769SobrienSSHHEELLLL CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS 276281812Ssjg Each target may have associated with it one or more lines of shell com- 277281812Ssjg mands, normally used to create the target. Each of the lines in this 278281812Ssjg script _m_u_s_t be preceded by a tab. (For historical reasons, spaces are 279281812Ssjg not accepted.) While targets can appear in many dependency lines if 280281812Ssjg desired, by default only one of these rules may be followed by a creation 281281812Ssjg script. If the `::::' operator is used, however, all rules may include 282281812Ssjg scripts and the scripts are executed in the order found. 283236769Sobrien 284281812Ssjg Each line is treated as a separate shell command, unless the end of line 285281812Ssjg is escaped with a backslash (`\') in which case that line and the next 286281812Ssjg are combined. If the first characters of the command are any combination 287281812Ssjg of `@@', `++', or `--', the command is treated specially. A `@@' causes the 288281812Ssjg command not to be echoed before it is executed. A `++' causes the command 289281812Ssjg to be executed even when --nn is given. This is similar to the effect of 290281812Ssjg the .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a sin- 291281812Ssjg gle line of a script. A `--' in compatibility mode causes any non-zero 292281812Ssjg exit status of the command line to be ignored. 293236769Sobrien 294246223Ssjg When bbmmaakkee is run in jobs mode with --jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s, the entire script for 295281812Ssjg the target is fed to a single instance of the shell. In compatibility 296281812Ssjg (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate process. If the com- 297281812Ssjg mand contains any shell meta characters (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it 298281812Ssjg will be passed to the shell; otherwise bbmmaakkee will attempt direct execu- 299281812Ssjg tion. If a line starts with `--' and the shell has ErrCtl enabled then 300281812Ssjg failure of the command line will be ignored as in compatibility mode. 301281812Ssjg Otherwise `--' affects the entire job; the script will stop at the first 302281812Ssjg command line that fails, but the target will not be deemed to have 303281812Ssjg failed. 304246223Ssjg 305246223Ssjg Makefiles should be written so that the mode of bbmmaakkee operation does not 306246223Ssjg change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use 307281812Ssjg ``cd'' or ``chdir'' without potentially changing the directory for subse- 308281812Ssjg quent commands should be put in parentheses so it executes in a subshell. 309281812Ssjg To force the use of one shell, escape the line breaks so as to make the 310281812Ssjg whole script one command. For example: 311246223Ssjg 312246223Ssjg avoid-chdir-side-effects: 313246223Ssjg @echo Building $@ in `pwd` 314281812Ssjg @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@) 315246223Ssjg @echo Back in `pwd` 316246223Ssjg 317246223Ssjg ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode: 318246223Ssjg @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \ 319281812Ssjg (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@); \ 320246223Ssjg echo Back in `pwd` 321246223Ssjg 322281812Ssjg Since bbmmaakkee will chdir(2) to `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' before executing any targets, each 323281812Ssjg child process starts with that as its current working directory. 324281812Ssjg 325236769SobrienVVAARRIIAABBLLEE AASSSSIIGGNNMMEENNTTSS 326236769Sobrien Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi- 327236769Sobrien tion, consist of all upper-case letters. 328236769Sobrien 329236769Sobrien VVaarriiaabbllee aassssiiggnnmmeenntt mmooddiiffiieerrss 330236769Sobrien The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as 331236769Sobrien follows: 332236769Sobrien 333236769Sobrien == Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid- 334236769Sobrien den. 335236769Sobrien 336236769Sobrien ++== Append the value to the current value of the variable. 337236769Sobrien 338236769Sobrien ??== Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined. 339236769Sobrien 340236769Sobrien ::== Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it 341236769Sobrien to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari- 342236769Sobrien able is referenced. _N_O_T_E: References to undefined variables are 343236769Sobrien _n_o_t expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers 344236769Sobrien are used. 345236769Sobrien 346236769Sobrien !!== Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and 347236769Sobrien assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result 348236769Sobrien are replaced with spaces. 349236769Sobrien 350236769Sobrien Any white-space before the assigned _v_a_l_u_e is removed; if the value is 351236769Sobrien being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents 352236769Sobrien of the variable and the appended value. 353236769Sobrien 354236769Sobrien Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly 355236769Sobrien braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign 356236769Sobrien (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround- 357236769Sobrien ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not 358236769Sobrien recommended. 359236769Sobrien 360236769Sobrien If the variable name contains a dollar, then the name itself is expanded 361236769Sobrien first. This allows almost arbitrary variable names, however names con- 362236769Sobrien taining dollar, braces, parenthesis, or whitespace are really best 363236769Sobrien avoided! 364236769Sobrien 365236769Sobrien If the result of expanding a variable contains a dollar sign (`$') the 366236769Sobrien string is expanded again. 367236769Sobrien 368236769Sobrien Variable substitution occurs at three distinct times, depending on where 369236769Sobrien the variable is being used. 370236769Sobrien 371236769Sobrien 1. Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read. 372236769Sobrien 373236769Sobrien 2. Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is 374236769Sobrien executed. 375236769Sobrien 376236769Sobrien 3. ``.for'' loop index variables are expanded on each loop iteration. 377236769Sobrien Note that other variables are not expanded inside loops so the fol- 378236769Sobrien lowing example code: 379236769Sobrien 380236769Sobrien 381236769Sobrien .for i in 1 2 3 382236769Sobrien a+= ${i} 383236769Sobrien j= ${i} 384236769Sobrien b+= ${j} 385236769Sobrien .endfor 386236769Sobrien 387236769Sobrien all: 388236769Sobrien @echo ${a} 389236769Sobrien @echo ${b} 390236769Sobrien 391236769Sobrien will print: 392236769Sobrien 393236769Sobrien 1 2 3 394236769Sobrien 3 3 3 395236769Sobrien 396236769Sobrien Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed, 397236769Sobrien ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since 398236769Sobrien after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''. 399236769Sobrien 400236769Sobrien VVaarriiaabbllee ccllaasssseess 401236769Sobrien The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece- 402236769Sobrien dence) are: 403236769Sobrien 404236769Sobrien Environment variables 405236769Sobrien Variables defined as part of bbmmaakkee's environment. 406236769Sobrien 407236769Sobrien Global variables 408236769Sobrien Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles. 409236769Sobrien 410236769Sobrien Command line variables 411236769Sobrien Variables defined as part of the command line. 412236769Sobrien 413236769Sobrien Local variables 414281812Ssjg Variables that are defined specific to a certain target. 415236769Sobrien 416281812Ssjg Local variables are all built in and their values vary magically from 417281812Ssjg target to target. It is not currently possible to define new local vari- 418281812Ssjg ables. The seven local variables are as follows: 419236769Sobrien 420281812Ssjg _._A_L_L_S_R_C The list of all sources for this target; also known as 421281812Ssjg `_>'. 422236769Sobrien 423281812Ssjg _._A_R_C_H_I_V_E The name of the archive file; also known as `_!'. 424236769Sobrien 425281812Ssjg _._I_M_P_S_R_C In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the 426281812Ssjg source from which the target is to be transformed (the 427281812Ssjg ``implied'' source); also known as `_<'. It is not 428281812Ssjg defined in explicit rules. 429236769Sobrien 430281812Ssjg _._M_E_M_B_E_R The name of the archive member; also known as `_%'. 431236769Sobrien 432281812Ssjg _._O_O_D_A_T_E The list of sources for this target that were deemed out- 433281812Ssjg of-date; also known as `_?'. 434236769Sobrien 435281812Ssjg _._P_R_E_F_I_X The file prefix of the target, containing only the file 436281812Ssjg portion, no suffix or preceding directory components; 437281812Ssjg also known as `_*'. The suffix must be one of the known 438281812Ssjg suffixes declared with ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS or it will not be recog- 439281812Ssjg nized. 440236769Sobrien 441281812Ssjg _._T_A_R_G_E_T The name of the target; also known as `_@'. 442236769Sobrien 443281812Ssjg The shorter forms (`_>', `_!', `_<', `_%', `_?', `_*', and `_@') are permitted 444281812Ssjg for backward compatibility with historical makefiles and legacy POSIX 445281812Ssjg make and are not recommended. 446236769Sobrien 447281812Ssjg Variants of these variables with the punctuation followed immediately by 448281812Ssjg `D' or `F', e.g. `_$_(_@_D_)', are legacy forms equivalent to using the `:H' 449281812Ssjg and `:T' modifiers. These forms are accepted for compatibility with AT&T 450281812Ssjg System V UNIX makefiles and POSIX but are not recommended. 451281812Ssjg 452281812Ssjg Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines 453281812Ssjg because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line. 454281812Ssjg These variables are `_._T_A_R_G_E_T', `_._P_R_E_F_I_X', `_._A_R_C_H_I_V_E', and `_._M_E_M_B_E_R'. 455281812Ssjg 456236769Sobrien AAddddiittiioonnaall bbuuiilltt--iinn vvaarriiaabblleess 457236769Sobrien In addition, bbmmaakkee sets or knows about the following variables: 458236769Sobrien 459236769Sobrien _$ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single 460236769Sobrien dollar sign. 461236769Sobrien 462236769Sobrien _._A_L_L_T_A_R_G_E_T_S The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If 463236769Sobrien evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar- 464236769Sobrien gets encountered thus far. 465236769Sobrien 466236769Sobrien _._C_U_R_D_I_R A path to the directory where bbmmaakkee was executed. Refer 467236769Sobrien to the description of `PWD' for more details. 468236769Sobrien 469268437Ssjg _._I_N_C_L_U_D_E_D_F_R_O_M_D_I_R 470268437Ssjg The directory of the file this Makefile was included 471268437Ssjg from. 472268437Ssjg 473268437Ssjg _._I_N_C_L_U_D_E_D_F_R_O_M_F_I_L_E 474268437Ssjg The filename of the file this Makefile was included from. 475268437Ssjg 476236769Sobrien MAKE The name that bbmmaakkee was executed with (_a_r_g_v_[_0_]). For 477236769Sobrien compatibility bbmmaakkee also sets _._M_A_K_E with the same value. 478236769Sobrien The preferred variable to use is the environment variable 479236769Sobrien MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of 480236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee and cannot be confused with the special target with 481236769Sobrien the same name. 482236769Sobrien 483236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._D_E_P_E_N_D_F_I_L_E 484236769Sobrien Names the makefile (default `_._d_e_p_e_n_d') from which gener- 485236769Sobrien ated dependencies are read. 486236769Sobrien 487240330Smarcel _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_A_N_D___V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E_S 488240330Smarcel A boolean that controls the default behavior of the --VV 489240330Smarcel option. 490240330Smarcel 491236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D The list of variables exported by bbmmaakkee. 492236769Sobrien 493236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_S The argument to the --jj option. 494236769Sobrien 495236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X 496236769Sobrien If bbmmaakkee is run with _j then output for each target is 497236769Sobrien prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of 498253883Ssjg which can be controlled via _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X. If 499253883Ssjg _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X is empty, no token is printed. 500236769Sobrien For example: 501236769Sobrien .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}] 502236769Sobrien would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak- 503236769Sobrien ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being 504236769Sobrien achieved. 505236769Sobrien 506236769Sobrien MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything 507236769Sobrien that may be specified on bbmmaakkee's command line. Anything 508236769Sobrien specified on bbmmaakkee's command line is appended to the 509236769Sobrien `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi- 510236769Sobrien ronment for all programs which bbmmaakkee executes. 511236769Sobrien 512236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._L_E_V_E_L The recursion depth of bbmmaakkee. The initial instance of 513236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the 514236769Sobrien environment to be seen by the next generation. This 515236769Sobrien allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect 516236769Sobrien things which should only be evaluated in the initial 517236769Sobrien instance of bbmmaakkee. 518236769Sobrien 519236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_A_K_E_F_I_L_E___P_R_E_F_E_R_E_N_C_E 520236769Sobrien The ordered list of makefile names (default `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e', 521236769Sobrien `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e') that bbmmaakkee will look for. 522236769Sobrien 523236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_A_K_E_F_I_L_E_S 524236769Sobrien The list of makefiles read by bbmmaakkee, which is useful for 525236769Sobrien tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only 526236769Sobrien once, regardless of the number of times read. 527236769Sobrien 528236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_O_D_E Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the 529236769Sobrien mode that bbmmaakkee runs in. It can contain a number of key- 530236769Sobrien words: 531236769Sobrien 532236769Sobrien _c_o_m_p_a_t Like --BB, puts bbmmaakkee into "compat" mode. 533236769Sobrien 534236769Sobrien _m_e_t_a Puts bbmmaakkee into "meta" mode, where meta files 535236769Sobrien are created for each target to capture the 536236769Sobrien command run, the output generated and if 537236769Sobrien filemon(4) is available, the system calls 538236769Sobrien which are of interest to bbmmaakkee. The captured 539236769Sobrien output can be very useful when diagnosing 540236769Sobrien errors. 541236769Sobrien 542236769Sobrien _c_u_r_d_i_r_O_k_= _b_f Normally bbmmaakkee will not create .meta files 543236769Sobrien in `_._C_U_R_D_I_R'. This can be overridden by set- 544236769Sobrien ting _b_f to a value which represents True. 545236769Sobrien 546236769Sobrien _e_n_v For debugging, it can be useful to inlcude 547236769Sobrien the environment in the .meta file. 548236769Sobrien 549236769Sobrien _v_e_r_b_o_s_e If in "meta" mode, print a clue about the 550236769Sobrien target being built. This is useful if the 551236769Sobrien build is otherwise running silently. The 552236769Sobrien message printed the value of: 553236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._P_R_E_F_I_X. 554236769Sobrien 555236769Sobrien _i_g_n_o_r_e_-_c_m_d Some makefiles have commands which are simply 556236769Sobrien not stable. This keyword causes them to be 557236769Sobrien ignored for determining whether a target is 558236769Sobrien out of date in "meta" mode. See also 559236769Sobrien ..NNOOMMEETTAA__CCMMPP. 560236769Sobrien 561236769Sobrien _s_i_l_e_n_t_= _b_f If _b_f is True, when a .meta file is created, 562236769Sobrien mark the target ..SSIILLEENNTT. 563236769Sobrien 564236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._B_A_I_L_I_W_I_C_K 565236769Sobrien In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match 566236769Sobrien the directories controlled by bbmmaakkee. If a file that was 567236769Sobrien generated outside of _._O_B_J_D_I_R but within said bailiwick is 568236769Sobrien missing, the current target is considered out-of-date. 569236769Sobrien 570236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._C_R_E_A_T_E_D 571236769Sobrien In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the 572236769Sobrien meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to 573236769Sobrien trigger processing of _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._F_I_L_E_S. 574236769Sobrien 575236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._F_I_L_E_S 576236769Sobrien In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the 577236769Sobrien meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used 578236769Sobrien to process the meta files to extract dependency informa- 579236769Sobrien tion. 580236769Sobrien 581253883Ssjg _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._I_G_N_O_R_E___P_A_T_H_S 582253883Ssjg Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored; 583253883Ssjg because the contents are expected to change over time. 584253883Ssjg The default list includes: `_/_d_e_v _/_e_t_c _/_p_r_o_c _/_t_m_p _/_v_a_r_/_r_u_n 585253883Ssjg _/_v_a_r_/_t_m_p' 586253883Ssjg 587236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._P_R_E_F_I_X 588236769Sobrien Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in 589236769Sobrien "meta verbose" mode. The default value is: 590236769Sobrien Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T} 591236769Sobrien 592236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S This variable is used to record the names of variables 593236769Sobrien assigned to on the command line, so that they may be 594236769Sobrien exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behaviour can be 595236769Sobrien disabled by assigning an empty value to `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S' 596236769Sobrien within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from 597236769Sobrien a makefile by appending their names to `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S'. 598236769Sobrien `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S' is 599236769Sobrien modified. 600236769Sobrien 601249033Ssjg _._M_A_K_E_._P_A_T_H___F_I_L_E_M_O_N 602249033Ssjg If bbmmaakkee was built with filemon(4) support, this is set 603249033Ssjg to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to 604249033Ssjg test for this support. 605249033Ssjg 606236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._P_I_D The process-id of bbmmaakkee. 607236769Sobrien 608236769Sobrien _._M_A_K_E_._P_P_I_D The parent process-id of bbmmaakkee. 609236769Sobrien 610236769Sobrien _M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R 611236769Sobrien When bbmmaakkee stops due to an error, it prints its name and 612236769Sobrien the value of `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' as well as the value of any vari- 613236769Sobrien ables named in `_M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R'. 614236769Sobrien 615236769Sobrien _._n_e_w_l_i_n_e This variable is simply assigned a newline character as 616236769Sobrien its value. This allows expansions using the ::@@ modifier 617236769Sobrien to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather 618236769Sobrien than a space. For example, the printing of 619236769Sobrien `_M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R' could be done as 620236769Sobrien ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}. 621236769Sobrien 622236769Sobrien _._O_B_J_D_I_R A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its 623236769Sobrien value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow- 624236769Sobrien ing directories in order and using the first match: 625236769Sobrien 626236769Sobrien 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR} 627236769Sobrien 628236769Sobrien (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ- 629236769Sobrien ment or on the command line.) 630236769Sobrien 631236769Sobrien 2. ${MAKEOBJDIR} 632236769Sobrien 633236769Sobrien (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or 634236769Sobrien on the command line.) 635236769Sobrien 636236769Sobrien 3. ${.CURDIR}_/_o_b_j_.${MACHINE} 637236769Sobrien 638236769Sobrien 4. ${.CURDIR}_/_o_b_j 639236769Sobrien 640236769Sobrien 5. _/_u_s_r_/_o_b_j_/${.CURDIR} 641236769Sobrien 642236769Sobrien 6. ${.CURDIR} 643236769Sobrien 644236769Sobrien Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's 645236769Sobrien used, so expressions such as 646236769Sobrien ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,} 647236769Sobrien may be used. This is especially useful with 648236769Sobrien `MAKEOBJDIR'. 649236769Sobrien 650236769Sobrien `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' may be modified in the makefile as a global 651236769Sobrien variable. In all cases, bbmmaakkee will chdir(2) to `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' 652236769Sobrien and set `PWD' to that directory before executing any tar- 653236769Sobrien gets. 654236769Sobrien 655236769Sobrien _._P_A_R_S_E_D_I_R A path to the directory of the current `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' being 656236769Sobrien parsed. 657236769Sobrien 658236769Sobrien _._P_A_R_S_E_F_I_L_E The basename of the current `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' being parsed. 659236769Sobrien This variable and `_._P_A_R_S_E_D_I_R' are both set only while the 660236769Sobrien `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e_s' are being parsed. If you want to retain 661236769Sobrien their current values, assign them to a variable using 662236769Sobrien assignment with expansion: (`::=='). 663236769Sobrien 664236769Sobrien _._P_A_T_H A variable that represents the list of directories that 665236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee will search for files. The search list should be 666236769Sobrien updated using the target `_._P_A_T_H' rather than the vari- 667236769Sobrien able. 668236769Sobrien 669236769Sobrien PWD Alternate path to the current directory. bbmmaakkee normally 670236769Sobrien sets `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3). 671236769Sobrien However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and 672236769Sobrien gives a path to the current directory, then bbmmaakkee sets 673236769Sobrien `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behaviour 674236769Sobrien is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR' 675236769Sobrien contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value 676236769Sobrien of `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' for all programs which bbmmaakkee executes. 677236769Sobrien 678236769Sobrien .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command 679236769Sobrien line, if any. 680236769Sobrien 681236769Sobrien VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that bbmmaakkee 682236769Sobrien will search for files. The variable is supported for 683236769Sobrien compatibility with old make programs only, use `_._P_A_T_H' 684236769Sobrien instead. 685236769Sobrien 686236769Sobrien VVaarriiaabbllee mmooddiiffiieerrss 687236769Sobrien Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the 688236769Sobrien variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac- 689236769Sobrien ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows: 690236769Sobrien 691236769Sobrien ${variable[:modifier[:...]]} 692236769Sobrien 693236769Sobrien Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash 694236769Sobrien (`\'). 695236769Sobrien 696236769Sobrien A set of modifiers can be specified via a variable, as follows: 697236769Sobrien 698236769Sobrien modifier_variable=modifier[:...] 699236769Sobrien ${variable:${modifier_variable}[:...]} 700236769Sobrien 701236769Sobrien In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start 702236769Sobrien with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any 703236769Sobrien of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'), 704236769Sobrien these must be doubled to avoid early expansion. 705236769Sobrien 706236769Sobrien The supported modifiers are: 707236769Sobrien 708236769Sobrien ::EE Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix. 709236769Sobrien 710236769Sobrien ::HH Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com- 711236769Sobrien ponent. 712236769Sobrien 713236769Sobrien ::MM_p_a_t_t_e_r_n 714236769Sobrien Select only those words that match _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. The standard shell 715236769Sobrien wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard 716261212Ssjg characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\'). As a consequence 717261212Ssjg of the way values are split into words, matched, and then joined, a 718261212Ssjg construct like 719261212Ssjg ${VAR:M*} 720261212Ssjg will normalise the inter-word spacing, removing all leading and 721261212Ssjg trailing space, and converting multiple consecutive spaces to single 722261212Ssjg spaces. 723236769Sobrien 724236769Sobrien ::NN_p_a_t_t_e_r_n 725236769Sobrien This is identical to `::MM', but selects all words which do not match 726236769Sobrien _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. 727236769Sobrien 728236769Sobrien ::OO Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in 729236769Sobrien reverse order use the `::OO::[[--11....11]]' combination of modifiers. 730236769Sobrien 731236769Sobrien ::OOxx Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each 732236769Sobrien time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment 733236769Sobrien with expansion (`::==') to prevent such behaviour. For example, 734236769Sobrien 735236769Sobrien LIST= uno due tre quattro 736236769Sobrien RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox} 737236769Sobrien STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox} 738236769Sobrien 739236769Sobrien all: 740236769Sobrien @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}" 741236769Sobrien @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}" 742236769Sobrien @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}" 743236769Sobrien @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}" 744236769Sobrien may produce output similar to: 745236769Sobrien 746236769Sobrien quattro due tre uno 747236769Sobrien tre due quattro uno 748236769Sobrien due uno quattro tre 749236769Sobrien due uno quattro tre 750236769Sobrien 751236769Sobrien ::QQ Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be 752236769Sobrien passed safely through recursive invocations of bbmmaakkee. 753236769Sobrien 754236769Sobrien ::RR Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix. 755236769Sobrien 756236769Sobrien ::ggmmttiimmee 757236769Sobrien The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current 758236769Sobrien gmtime(3). 759236769Sobrien 760236769Sobrien ::hhaasshh 761236769Sobrien Compute a 32bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits. 762236769Sobrien 763236769Sobrien ::llooccaallttiimmee 764236769Sobrien The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current 765236769Sobrien localtime(3). 766236769Sobrien 767236769Sobrien ::ttAA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3), 768236769Sobrien if that fails, the value is unchanged. 769236769Sobrien 770236769Sobrien ::ttll Converts variable to lower-case letters. 771236769Sobrien 772236769Sobrien ::ttss_c 773236769Sobrien Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan- 774236769Sobrien sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character _c. If _c is 775236769Sobrien omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including 776236769Sobrien octal numeric codes), work as expected. 777236769Sobrien 778236769Sobrien ::ttuu Converts variable to upper-case letters. 779236769Sobrien 780236769Sobrien ::ttWW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing 781236769Sobrien embedded white space). See also `::[[**]]'. 782236769Sobrien 783236769Sobrien ::ttww Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by 784236769Sobrien white space. See also `::[[@@]]'. 785236769Sobrien 786236769Sobrien ::SS/_o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g/_n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g/[11ggWW] 787236769Sobrien Modify the first occurrence of _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g in the variable's value, 788236769Sobrien replacing it with _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g. If a `g' is appended to the last 789236769Sobrien slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If 790236769Sobrien a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first 791236769Sobrien word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the 792236769Sobrien pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con- 793236769Sobrien taining embedded white space). If _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g begins with a caret 794236769Sobrien (`^'), _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g is anchored at the beginning of each word. If 795236769Sobrien _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end 796236769Sobrien of each word. Inside _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by 797236769Sobrien _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a 798236769Sobrien delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring, 799236769Sobrien ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash 800236769Sobrien (`\'). 801236769Sobrien 802236769Sobrien Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both 803236769Sobrien _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g and _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g with the single exception that a backslash 804236769Sobrien is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre- 805236769Sobrien ceding dollar sign as is usual. 806236769Sobrien 807236769Sobrien ::CC/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n/_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t/[11ggWW] 808236769Sobrien The ::CC modifier is just like the ::SS modifier except that the old and 809261212Ssjg new strings, instead of being simple strings, are an extended regu- 810261212Ssjg lar expression (see regex(3)) string _p_a_t_t_e_r_n and an ed(1)-style 811261212Ssjg string _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern 812261212Ssjg _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in each word of the value is substituted with _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t. 813261212Ssjg The `1' modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one 814261212Ssjg word; the `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many 815261212Ssjg instances of the search pattern _p_a_t_t_e_r_n as occur in the word or 816261212Ssjg words it is found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be 817261212Ssjg treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white space). 818261212Ssjg Note that `1' and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether 819261212Ssjg multiple words are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple 820261212Ssjg substitutions can potentially occur within each affected word. 821236769Sobrien 822268437Ssjg As for the ::SS modifier, the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n and _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t are subjected to 823268437Ssjg variable expansion before being parsed as regular expressions. 824268437Ssjg 825236769Sobrien ::TT Replaces each word in the variable with its last component. 826236769Sobrien 827236769Sobrien ::uu Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)). 828236769Sobrien 829236769Sobrien ::??_t_r_u_e___s_t_r_i_n_g::_f_a_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g 830236769Sobrien If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi- 831236769Sobrien tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the 832236769Sobrien _t_r_u_e___s_t_r_i_n_g, otherwise return the _f_a_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g. Since the variable 833236769Sobrien name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after 834236769Sobrien the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain 835236769Sobrien variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions 836236769Sobrien like 837236769Sobrien ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no} 838236769Sobrien which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words 839236769Sobrien match "42" you need to use something like: 840236769Sobrien ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}. 841236769Sobrien 842236769Sobrien _:_o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g_=_n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g 843236769Sobrien This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must 844236769Sobrien be the last modifier specified. If _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g or _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g do not 845236769Sobrien contain the pattern matching character _% then it is assumed that 846236769Sobrien they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or 847236769Sobrien entire words may be replaced. Otherwise _% is the substring of 848236769Sobrien _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g to be replaced in _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g. 849236769Sobrien 850236769Sobrien Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both 851236769Sobrien _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g and _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g with the single exception that a backslash 852236769Sobrien is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre- 853236769Sobrien ceding dollar sign as is usual. 854236769Sobrien 855236769Sobrien ::@@_t_e_m_p@@_s_t_r_i_n_g@@ 856236769Sobrien This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi- 857236769Sobrien ronment (ODE) make. Unlike ..ffoorr loops expansion occurs at the time 858236769Sobrien of reference. Assign _t_e_m_p to each word in the variable and evaluate 859236769Sobrien _s_t_r_i_n_g. The ODE convention is that _t_e_m_p should start and end with a 860236769Sobrien period. For example. 861236769Sobrien ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@} 862236769Sobrien 863253883Ssjg However a single character variable is often more readable: 864236769Sobrien ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@} 865236769Sobrien 866236769Sobrien ::UU_n_e_w_v_a_l 867236769Sobrien If the variable is undefined _n_e_w_v_a_l is the value. If the variable 868236769Sobrien is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE 869236769Sobrien make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for 870236769Sobrien instance: 871236769Sobrien ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}} 872236769Sobrien If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use: 873236769Sobrien ${VAR:D:Unewval} 874236769Sobrien 875236769Sobrien ::DD_n_e_w_v_a_l 876236769Sobrien If the variable is defined _n_e_w_v_a_l is the value. 877236769Sobrien 878236769Sobrien ::LL The name of the variable is the value. 879236769Sobrien 880236769Sobrien ::PP The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the 881236769Sobrien value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of 882236769Sobrien the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name 883236769Sobrien (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency. 884236769Sobrien 885236769Sobrien ::!!_c_m_d!! 886236769Sobrien The output of running _c_m_d is the value. 887236769Sobrien 888236769Sobrien ::sshh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output 889236769Sobrien becomes the new value. 890236769Sobrien 891236769Sobrien ::::==_s_t_r 892236769Sobrien The variable is assigned the value _s_t_r after substitution. This 893236769Sobrien modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as 894236769Sobrien wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed. 895236769Sobrien These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing 896236769Sobrien in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to 897236769Sobrien keep bbmmaakkee happy. 898236769Sobrien 899236769Sobrien The `::::' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style 900236769Sobrien ::== modifier and since substitution always occurs the ::::== form is 901236769Sobrien vaguely appropriate. 902236769Sobrien 903236769Sobrien ::::??==_s_t_r 904236769Sobrien As for ::::== but only if the variable does not already have a value. 905236769Sobrien 906236769Sobrien ::::++==_s_t_r 907236769Sobrien Append _s_t_r to the variable. 908236769Sobrien 909236769Sobrien ::::!!==_c_m_d 910236769Sobrien Assign the output of _c_m_d to the variable. 911236769Sobrien 912236769Sobrien ::[[_r_a_n_g_e]] 913236769Sobrien Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera- 914236769Sobrien tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words. 915236769Sobrien 916236769Sobrien Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by 917236769Sobrien white space. Some modifiers suppress this behaviour, causing a 918236769Sobrien value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded 919236769Sobrien white space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of 920236769Sobrien white-space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the 921236769Sobrien `::[[]]' modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive 922236769Sobrien integers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards 923236769Sobrien using negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word). 924236769Sobrien 925236769Sobrien The _r_a_n_g_e is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded 926236769Sobrien result is then interpreted as follows: 927236769Sobrien 928236769Sobrien _i_n_d_e_x Selects a single word from the value. 929236769Sobrien 930236769Sobrien _s_t_a_r_t...._e_n_d 931236769Sobrien Selects all words from _s_t_a_r_t to _e_n_d, inclusive. For example, 932236769Sobrien `::[[22....--11]]' selects all words from the second word to the last 933236769Sobrien word. If _s_t_a_r_t is greater than _e_n_d, then the words are out- 934236769Sobrien put in reverse order. For example, `::[[--11....11]]' selects all 935236769Sobrien the words from last to first. 936236769Sobrien 937236769Sobrien ** Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single 938236769Sobrien word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous 939236769Sobrien to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell. 940236769Sobrien 941236769Sobrien 0 Means the same as `::[[**]]'. 942236769Sobrien 943236769Sobrien @@ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence 944236769Sobrien of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect 945236769Sobrien of "$@" in Bourne shell. 946236769Sobrien 947236769Sobrien ## Returns the number of words in the value. 948236769Sobrien 949236769SobrienIINNCCLLUUDDEE SSTTAATTEEMMEENNTTSS,, CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALLSS AANNDD FFOORR LLOOOOPPSS 950236769Sobrien Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of 951236769Sobrien the C programming language are provided in bbmmaakkee. All such structures 952236769Sobrien are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character. 953236769Sobrien Files are included with either ..iinncclluuddee <_f_i_l_e> or ..iinncclluuddee "_f_i_l_e". Vari- 954236769Sobrien ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form 955236769Sobrien the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is 956236769Sobrien expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are 957236769Sobrien used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified 958236769Sobrien using the --II option are searched before the system makefile directory. 959236769Sobrien For compatibility with other versions of bbmmaakkee `include file ...' is also 960236769Sobrien accepted. If the include statement is written as ..--iinncclluuddee or as 961236769Sobrien ..ssiinncclluuddee then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored. 962236769Sobrien 963236769Sobrien Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first 964236769Sobrien character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows: 965236769Sobrien 966236769Sobrien ..eerrrroorr _m_e_s_s_a_g_e 967236769Sobrien The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and 968236769Sobrien line number, then bbmmaakkee will exit. 969236769Sobrien 970236769Sobrien ..eexxppoorrtt _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._. 971236769Sobrien Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is 972236769Sobrien provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables 973236769Sobrien (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the --XX 974236769Sobrien flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with 975236769Sobrien other bbmmaakkee programs `export variable=value' is also accepted. 976236769Sobrien 977236769Sobrien Appending a variable name to _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D is equivalent to 978236769Sobrien exporting a variable. 979236769Sobrien 980236769Sobrien ..eexxppoorrtt--eennvv _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._. 981236769Sobrien The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended 982236769Sobrien to _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D. This allows exporting a value to the environ- 983236769Sobrien ment which is different from that used by bbmmaakkee internally. 984236769Sobrien 985236769Sobrien ..iinnffoo _m_e_s_s_a_g_e 986236769Sobrien The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and 987236769Sobrien line number. 988236769Sobrien 989236769Sobrien ..uunnddeeff _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e 990236769Sobrien Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables 991236769Sobrien may be un-defined. 992236769Sobrien 993236769Sobrien ..uunneexxppoorrtt _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._. 994236769Sobrien The opposite of `.export'. The specified global _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e will be 995236769Sobrien removed from _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D. If no variable list is provided, 996236769Sobrien all globals are unexported, and _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D deleted. 997236769Sobrien 998236769Sobrien ..uunneexxppoorrtt--eennvv 999236769Sobrien Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ- 1000236769Sobrien ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem- 1001236769Sobrien ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar- 1002236769Sobrien ingly. Testing for _._M_A_K_E_._L_E_V_E_L being 0, would make sense. Also 1003236769Sobrien note that any variables which originated in the parent environ- 1004236769Sobrien ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example: 1005236769Sobrien 1006236769Sobrien .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 1007236769Sobrien PATH := ${PATH} 1008236769Sobrien .unexport-env 1009236769Sobrien .export PATH 1010236769Sobrien .endif 1011236769Sobrien 1012236769Sobrien Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is 1013236769Sobrien the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also 1014236769Sobrien be pushed into the new environment. 1015236769Sobrien 1016236769Sobrien ..wwaarrnniinngg _m_e_s_s_a_g_e 1017236769Sobrien The message prefixed by `_w_a_r_n_i_n_g_:' is printed along with the name 1018236769Sobrien of the makefile and line number. 1019236769Sobrien 1020236769Sobrien ..iiff [!]_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _._._.] 1021236769Sobrien Test the value of an expression. 1022236769Sobrien 1023236769Sobrien ..iiffddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] 1024236769Sobrien Test the value of a variable. 1025236769Sobrien 1026236769Sobrien ..iiffnnddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] 1027236769Sobrien Test the value of a variable. 1028236769Sobrien 1029236769Sobrien ..iiffmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.] 1030236769Sobrien Test the target being built. 1031236769Sobrien 1032236769Sobrien ..iiffnnmmaakkee [!] _t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.] 1033236769Sobrien Test the target being built. 1034236769Sobrien 1035236769Sobrien ..eellssee Reverse the sense of the last conditional. 1036236769Sobrien 1037236769Sobrien ..eelliiff [!] _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _._._.] 1038236769Sobrien A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiff'. 1039236769Sobrien 1040236769Sobrien ..eelliiffddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] 1041236769Sobrien A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffddeeff'. 1042236769Sobrien 1043236769Sobrien ..eelliiffnnddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] 1044236769Sobrien A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffnnddeeff'. 1045236769Sobrien 1046236769Sobrien ..eelliiffmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.] 1047236769Sobrien A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffmmaakkee'. 1048236769Sobrien 1049236769Sobrien ..eelliiffnnmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.] 1050236769Sobrien A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffnnmmaakkee'. 1051236769Sobrien 1052236769Sobrien ..eennddiiff End the body of the conditional. 1053236769Sobrien 1054236769Sobrien The _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r may be any one of the following: 1055236769Sobrien 1056236769Sobrien |||| Logical OR. 1057236769Sobrien 1058236769Sobrien &&&& Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''. 1059236769Sobrien 1060236769Sobrien As in C, bbmmaakkee will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to 1061236769Sobrien determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of 1062236769Sobrien evaluation. The boolean operator `!!' may be used to logically negate an 1063236769Sobrien entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&&&&'. 1064236769Sobrien 1065236769Sobrien The value of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n may be any of the following: 1066236769Sobrien 1067236769Sobrien ddeeffiinneedd Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if 1068236769Sobrien the variable has been defined. 1069236769Sobrien 1070236769Sobrien mmaakkee Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the 1071236769Sobrien target was specified as part of bbmmaakkee's command line or was 1072236769Sobrien declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly, 1073236769Sobrien see _._M_A_I_N) before the line containing the conditional. 1074236769Sobrien 1075236769Sobrien eemmppttyy Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true 1076236769Sobrien if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty 1077236769Sobrien string. 1078236769Sobrien 1079236769Sobrien eexxiissttss Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the 1080236769Sobrien file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path 1081236769Sobrien (see _._P_A_T_H). 1082236769Sobrien 1083236769Sobrien ttaarrggeett Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the 1084236769Sobrien target has been defined. 1085236769Sobrien 1086236769Sobrien ccoommmmaannddss 1087236769Sobrien Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the 1088236769Sobrien target has been defined and has commands associated with it. 1089236769Sobrien 1090236769Sobrien _E_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable 1091236769Sobrien expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the 1092236769Sobrien integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if 1093236769Sobrien it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup- 1094236769Sobrien ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after 1095236769Sobrien variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `====' or `!!==' 1096236769Sobrien operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed 1097236769Sobrien between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it 1098236769Sobrien is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an 1099236769Sobrien empty string in the case of a string comparison. 1100236769Sobrien 1101236769Sobrien When bbmmaakkee is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it 1102236769Sobrien encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either 1103236769Sobrien the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the 1104236769Sobrien form of the conditional. If the form is `..iiffddeeff', `..iiffnnddeeff', or `..iiff' 1105236769Sobrien the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is 1106236769Sobrien `..iiffmmaakkee' or `..iiffnnmmaakkee, tthhee' ``make'' expression is applied. 1107236769Sobrien 1108236769Sobrien If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin- 1109236769Sobrien ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are 1110236769Sobrien skipped. In both cases this continues until a `..eellssee' or `..eennddiiff' is 1111236769Sobrien found. 1112236769Sobrien 1113236769Sobrien For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files. 1114236769Sobrien The syntax of a for loop is: 1115236769Sobrien 1116236769Sobrien ..ffoorr _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] iinn _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n 1117236769Sobrien <make-rules> 1118236769Sobrien ..eennddffoorr 1119236769Sobrien 1120236769Sobrien After the for eexxpprreessssiioonn is evaluated, it is split into words. On each 1121236769Sobrien iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each vvaarriiaabbllee, 1122236769Sobrien in order, and these vvaarriiaabblleess are substituted into the mmaakkee--rruulleess inside 1123236769Sobrien the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that 1124236769Sobrien is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided 1125236769Sobrien must be a multiple of three. 1126236769Sobrien 1127236769SobrienCCOOMMMMEENNTTSS 1128236769Sobrien Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com- 1129236769Sobrien mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line. 1130236769Sobrien 1131236769SobrienSSPPEECCIIAALL SSOOUURRCCEESS ((AATTTTRRIIBBUUTTEESS)) 1132236769Sobrien ..EEXXEECC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any- 1133236769Sobrien way. 1134236769Sobrien 1135236769Sobrien ..IIGGNNOORREE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar- 1136236769Sobrien get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-'). 1137236769Sobrien 1138236769Sobrien ..MMAADDEE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date. 1139236769Sobrien 1140236769Sobrien ..MMAAKKEE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the --nn 1141236769Sobrien or --tt options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive 1142261212Ssjg bbmmaakkees. 1143236769Sobrien 1144236769Sobrien ..MMEETTAA Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as 1145236769Sobrien ..PPHHOONNYY, ..MMAAKKEE, or ..SSPPEECCIIAALL. Usage in conjunction with ..MMAAKKEE is 1146236769Sobrien the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of- 1147236769Sobrien date if the meta file is missing. 1148236769Sobrien 1149236769Sobrien ..NNOOMMEETTAA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also 1150236769Sobrien not created for ..PPHHOONNYY, ..MMAAKKEE, or ..SSPPEECCIIAALL targets. 1151236769Sobrien 1152236769Sobrien ..NNOOMMEETTAA__CCMMPP 1153236769Sobrien Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out 1154236769Sobrien of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which 1155236769Sobrien always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the 1156249033Ssjg target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to 1157249033Ssjg any command line that uses the variable _._O_O_D_A_T_E, which can be 1158249033Ssjg used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or 1159249033Ssjg desired: 1160236769Sobrien 1161249033Ssjg 1162249033Ssjg skip-compare-for-some: 1163249033Ssjg @echo this will be compared 1164249033Ssjg @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP} 1165249033Ssjg @echo this will also be compared 1166249033Ssjg 1167249033Ssjg The ::MM pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari- 1168249033Ssjg able. 1169249033Ssjg 1170236769Sobrien ..NNOOPPAATTHH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by 1171236769Sobrien ..PPAATTHH. 1172236769Sobrien 1173236769Sobrien ..NNOOTTMMAAIINN Normally bbmmaakkee selects the first target it encounters as the 1174236769Sobrien default target to be built if no target was specified. This 1175236769Sobrien source prevents this target from being selected. 1176236769Sobrien 1177236769Sobrien ..OOPPTTIIOONNAALL 1178236769Sobrien If a target is marked with this attribute and bbmmaakkee can't fig- 1179236769Sobrien ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume 1180236769Sobrien the file isn't needed or already exists. 1181236769Sobrien 1182236769Sobrien ..PPHHOONNYY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always 1183236769Sobrien considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the 1184236769Sobrien --tt option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to 1185236769Sobrien ..PPHHOONNYY targets. 1186236769Sobrien 1187236769Sobrien ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS 1188236769Sobrien When bbmmaakkee is interrupted, it normally removes any partially 1189236769Sobrien made targets. This source prevents the target from being 1190236769Sobrien removed. 1191236769Sobrien 1192236769Sobrien ..RREECCUURRSSIIVVEE 1193236769Sobrien Synonym for ..MMAAKKEE. 1194236769Sobrien 1195236769Sobrien ..SSIILLEENNTT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, 1196236769Sobrien exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@'). 1197236769Sobrien 1198236769Sobrien ..UUSSEE Turn the target into bbmmaakkee's version of a macro. When the tar- 1199236769Sobrien get is used as a source for another target, the other target 1200236769Sobrien acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for 1201236769Sobrien ..UUSSEE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the 1202236769Sobrien ..UUSSEE target's commands are appended to them. 1203236769Sobrien 1204236769Sobrien ..UUSSEEBBEEFFOORREE 1205236769Sobrien Exactly like ..UUSSEE, but prepend the ..UUSSEEBBEEFFOORREE target commands 1206236769Sobrien to the target. 1207236769Sobrien 1208236769Sobrien ..WWAAIITT If ..WWAAIITT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede 1209236769Sobrien it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line. 1210236769Sobrien Since the dependents of files are not made until the file 1211236769Sobrien itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being 1212236769Sobrien built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen- 1213236769Sobrien dency tree. So given: 1214236769Sobrien 1215236769Sobrien x: a .WAIT b 1216236769Sobrien echo x 1217236769Sobrien a: 1218236769Sobrien echo a 1219236769Sobrien b: b1 1220236769Sobrien echo b 1221236769Sobrien b1: 1222236769Sobrien echo b1 1223236769Sobrien 1224236769Sobrien the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'. 1225236769Sobrien The ordering imposed by ..WWAAIITT is only relevant for parallel 1226236769Sobrien makes. 1227236769Sobrien 1228236769SobrienSSPPEECCIIAALL TTAARRGGEETTSS 1229236769Sobrien Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be 1230236769Sobrien the only target specified. 1231236769Sobrien 1232236769Sobrien ..BBEEGGIINN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before 1233236769Sobrien anything else is done. 1234236769Sobrien 1235236769Sobrien ..DDEEFFAAUULLTT 1236236769Sobrien This is sort of a ..UUSSEE rule for any target (that was used only 1237236769Sobrien as a source) that bbmmaakkee can't figure out any other way to cre- 1238236769Sobrien ate. Only the shell script is used. The ..IIMMPPSSRRCC variable of a 1239236769Sobrien target that inherits ..DDEEFFAAUULLTT's commands is set to the target's 1240236769Sobrien own name. 1241236769Sobrien 1242236769Sobrien ..EENNDD Any command lines attached to this target are executed after 1243236769Sobrien everything else is done. 1244236769Sobrien 1245236769Sobrien ..EERRRROORR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when 1246236769Sobrien another target fails. The ..EERRRROORR__TTAARRGGEETT variable is set to the 1247236769Sobrien target that failed. See also MMAAKKEE__PPRRIINNTT__VVAARR__OONN__EERRRROORR. 1248236769Sobrien 1249236769Sobrien ..IIGGNNOORREE Mark each of the sources with the ..IIGGNNOORREE attribute. If no 1250236769Sobrien sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the 1251236769Sobrien --ii option. 1252236769Sobrien 1253236769Sobrien ..IINNTTEERRRRUUPPTT 1254236769Sobrien If bbmmaakkee is interrupted, the commands for this target will be 1255236769Sobrien executed. 1256236769Sobrien 1257236769Sobrien ..MMAAIINN If no target is specified when bbmmaakkee is invoked, this target 1258236769Sobrien will be built. 1259236769Sobrien 1260236769Sobrien ..MMAAKKEEFFLLAAGGSS 1261236769Sobrien This target provides a way to specify flags for bbmmaakkee when the 1262236769Sobrien makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell, 1263236769Sobrien though the --ff option will have no effect. 1264236769Sobrien 1265236769Sobrien ..NNOOPPAATTHH Apply the ..NNOOPPAATTHH attribute to any specified sources. 1266236769Sobrien 1267236769Sobrien ..NNOOTTPPAARRAALLLLEELL 1268236769Sobrien Disable parallel mode. 1269236769Sobrien 1270236769Sobrien ..NNOO__PPAARRAALLLLEELL 1271236769Sobrien Synonym for ..NNOOTTPPAARRAALLLLEELL, for compatibility with other pmake 1272236769Sobrien variants. 1273236769Sobrien 1274236769Sobrien ..OORRDDEERR The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not 1275236769Sobrien add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen- 1276236769Sobrien dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could 1277236769Sobrien be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency 1278236769Sobrien graph, the following is a dependency loop: 1279236769Sobrien 1280236769Sobrien .ORDER: b a 1281236769Sobrien b: a 1282236769Sobrien 1283236769Sobrien The ordering imposed by ..OORRDDEERR is only relevant for parallel 1284236769Sobrien makes. 1285236769Sobrien 1286236769Sobrien ..PPAATTHH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files 1287236769Sobrien not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci- 1288236769Sobrien fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the 1289236769Sobrien source is the special ..DDOOTTLLAASSTT target, then the current working 1290236769Sobrien directory is searched last. 1291236769Sobrien 1292255253Ssjg ..PPAATTHH.._s_u_f_f_i_x 1293255253Ssjg Like ..PPAATTHH but applies only to files with a particular suffix. 1294255253Ssjg The suffix must have been previously declared with ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS. 1295255253Ssjg 1296236769Sobrien ..PPHHOONNYY Apply the ..PPHHOONNYY attribute to any specified sources. 1297236769Sobrien 1298236769Sobrien ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS 1299236769Sobrien Apply the ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS attribute to any specified sources. If no 1300236769Sobrien sources are specified, the ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS attribute is applied to 1301236769Sobrien every target in the file. 1302236769Sobrien 1303236769Sobrien ..SSHHEELLLL Sets the shell that bbmmaakkee will use to execute commands. The 1304236769Sobrien sources are a set of _f_i_e_l_d_=_v_a_l_u_e pairs. 1305236769Sobrien 1306236769Sobrien _n_a_m_e This is the minimal specification, used to select 1307236769Sobrien one of the builtin shell specs; _s_h, _k_s_h, and _c_s_h. 1308236769Sobrien 1309236769Sobrien _p_a_t_h Specifies the path to the shell. 1310236769Sobrien 1311236769Sobrien _h_a_s_E_r_r_C_t_l Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error. 1312236769Sobrien 1313236769Sobrien _c_h_e_c_k The command to turn on error checking. 1314236769Sobrien 1315236769Sobrien _i_g_n_o_r_e The command to disable error checking. 1316236769Sobrien 1317236769Sobrien _e_c_h_o The command to turn on echoing of commands executed. 1318236769Sobrien 1319236769Sobrien _q_u_i_e_t The command to turn off echoing of commands exe- 1320236769Sobrien cuted. 1321236769Sobrien 1322236769Sobrien _f_i_l_t_e_r The output to filter after issuing the _q_u_i_e_t com- 1323236769Sobrien mand. It is typically identical to _q_u_i_e_t. 1324236769Sobrien 1325236769Sobrien _e_r_r_F_l_a_g The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking. 1326236769Sobrien 1327236769Sobrien _e_c_h_o_F_l_a_g The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo- 1328236769Sobrien ing. 1329236769Sobrien 1330236769Sobrien _n_e_w_l_i_n_e The string literal to pass the shell that results in 1331236769Sobrien a single newline character when used outside of any 1332236769Sobrien quoting characters. 1333236769Sobrien Example: 1334236769Sobrien 1335236769Sobrien .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \ 1336236769Sobrien check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \ 1337236769Sobrien echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \ 1338236769Sobrien echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'" 1339236769Sobrien 1340236769Sobrien ..SSIILLEENNTT Apply the ..SSIILLEENNTT attribute to any specified sources. If no 1341236769Sobrien sources are specified, the ..SSIILLEENNTT attribute is applied to every 1342236769Sobrien command in the file. 1343236769Sobrien 1344249033Ssjg ..SSTTAALLEE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale 1345249033Ssjg entries, having _._A_L_L_S_R_C set to the name of that dependency file. 1346249033Ssjg 1347236769Sobrien ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS 1348236769Sobrien Each source specifies a suffix to bbmmaakkee. If no sources are 1349236769Sobrien specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It 1350236769Sobrien allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules. 1351236769Sobrien 1352236769Sobrien Example: 1353236769Sobrien 1354236769Sobrien .SUFFIXES: .o 1355236769Sobrien .c.o: 1356236769Sobrien cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC} 1357236769Sobrien 1358236769SobrienEENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT 1359236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE, 1360236769Sobrien MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH, 1361236769Sobrien PWD, and TMPDIR. 1362236769Sobrien 1363236769Sobrien MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on 1364236769Sobrien the command line to bbmmaakkee and not as makefile variables; see the descrip- 1365236769Sobrien tion of `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' for more details. 1366236769Sobrien 1367236769SobrienFFIILLEESS 1368236769Sobrien .depend list of dependencies 1369236769Sobrien Makefile list of dependencies 1370236769Sobrien makefile list of dependencies 1371236769Sobrien sys.mk system makefile 1372236769Sobrien /usr/share/mk system makefile directory 1373236769Sobrien 1374236769SobrienCCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY 1375281812Ssjg The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make; 1376236769Sobrien however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are 1377236769Sobrien not. 1378236769Sobrien 1379281812Ssjg OOllddeerr vveerrssiioonnss 1380281812Ssjg An incomplete list of changes in older versions of bbmmaakkee: 1381236769Sobrien 1382236769Sobrien The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0 1383236769Sobrien so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this 1384236769Sobrien stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems 1385236769Sobrien using them in .if statements. 1386236769Sobrien 1387281812Ssjg The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that 1388281812Ssjg .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo- 1389281812Ssjg rithms used may change again in the future. 1390281812Ssjg 1391281812Ssjg OOtthheerr mmaakkee ddiiaalleeccttss 1392281812Ssjg Other make dialects (GNU make, SVR4 make, POSIX make, etc.) do not sup- 1393281812Ssjg port most of the features of bbmmaakkee as described in this manual. Most 1394281812Ssjg notably: 1395281812Ssjg 1396281812Ssjg ++oo The ..WWAAIITT and ..OORRDDEERR declarations and most functionality per- 1397281812Ssjg taining to parallelization. (GNU make supports parallelization 1398281812Ssjg but lacks these features needed to control it effectively.) 1399281812Ssjg 1400281812Ssjg ++oo Directives, including for loops and conditionals and most of 1401281812Ssjg the forms of include files. (GNU make has its own incompatible 1402281812Ssjg and less powerful syntax for conditionals.) 1403281812Ssjg 1404281812Ssjg ++oo All built-in variables that begin with a dot. 1405281812Ssjg 1406281812Ssjg ++oo Most of the special sources and targets that begin with a dot, 1407281812Ssjg with the notable exception of ..PPHHOONNYY, ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS, and ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS. 1408281812Ssjg 1409281812Ssjg ++oo Variable modifiers, except for the 1410281812Ssjg :old=new 1411281812Ssjg string substitution, which does not portably support globbing 1412281812Ssjg with `%' and historically only works on declared suffixes. 1413281812Ssjg 1414281812Ssjg ++oo The $$>> variable even in its short form; most makes support this 1415281812Ssjg functionality but its name varies. 1416281812Ssjg 1417281812Ssjg Some features are somewhat more portable, such as assignment with ++==, ??==, 1418281812Ssjg and !!==. The ..PPAATTHH functionality is based on an older feature VVPPAATTHH found 1419281812Ssjg in GNU make and many versions of SVR4 make; however, historically its 1420281812Ssjg behavior is too ill-defined (and too buggy) to rely upon. 1421281812Ssjg 1422281812Ssjg The $$@@ and $$<< variables are more or less universally portable, as is the 1423281812Ssjg $$((MMAAKKEE)) variable. Basic use of suffix rules (for files only in the cur- 1424281812Ssjg rent directory, not trying to chain transformations together, etc.) is 1425281812Ssjg also reasonably portable. 1426281812Ssjg 1427236769SobrienSSEEEE AALLSSOO 1428236769Sobrien mkdep(1) 1429236769Sobrien 1430236769SobrienHHIISSTTOORRYY 1431236769Sobrien bbmmaakkee is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate 1432236769Sobrien portability to other platforms. 1433236769Sobrien 1434242102Ssjg A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation 1435242102Ssjg is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at 1436242102Ssjg Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs 1437242102Ssjg on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''. 1438240330Smarcel 1439253883Ssjg Historically the target/dependency ``FRC'' has been used to FoRCe 1440253883Ssjg rebuilding (since the target/dependency does not exist... unless someone 1441253883Ssjg creates an ``FRC'' file). 1442253883Ssjg 1443242102SsjgBBUUGGSS 1444242102Ssjg The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the 1445242102Ssjg data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve 1446242102Ssjg scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field. 1447242102Ssjg In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a 1448242102Ssjg variable expansion. 1449240330Smarcel 1450242102Ssjg There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename. 1451240330Smarcel 1452281812SsjgNetBSD 5.1 April 9, 2015 NetBSD 5.1 1453