UPDATING revision 220983
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110424: 26 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 27 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 28 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 29 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 30 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 31 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 32 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 33 see cam(4)). 34 35 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 36 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 37 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 38 39 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 40 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 41 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 42 options ATA_CAM 43 device ahci 44 device mvs 45 device siis 46 , and instead add back: 47 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 48 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 49 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 50 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 51 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 52 options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering 53 5420110423: 55 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 56 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 57 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 58 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 59 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 60 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 61 6220110418: 63 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 64 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 65 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 66 6720110331: 68 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 69 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 70 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 71 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 72 in order to use ath on everything else. 73 74 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 75 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 76 7720110314: 78 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 79 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 80 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 81 8220110218: 83 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 84 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 85 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 86 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 87 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 88 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 89 9020110218: 91 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 92 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 93 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 94 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 95 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 96 authentication). 97 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 98 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 99 10020110207: 101 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 102 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 103 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 104 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 105 The function remains undocumented. 106 10720110112: 108 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 109 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 110 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 111 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 112 systems where the define is not present can check against 113 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 114 115 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 116 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 117 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 118 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 119 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 120 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 121 12220110103: 123 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 124 the following warning: 125 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 126 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 127 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 128 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 129 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 130 install it on your system. 131 132 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 133 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 134 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 135 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 136 13720101228: 138 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 139 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 140 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 141 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 142 be recompiled. 143 14420101114: 145 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 146 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 147 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 148 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 149 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 150 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 151 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 152 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 153 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 154 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 155 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 156 it, for example via: 157 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 158 159 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 160 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 161 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 162 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 163 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 164 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 165 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 166 167 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 168 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 169 17020101111: 171 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 172 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 173 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 174 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 175 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 176 17720101002: 178 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 179 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 180 migrate local entries to the new format. 181 18220100928: 183 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 184 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 185 upstream sshd. 186 18720100915: 188 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 189 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 190 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 191 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 192 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 193 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 194 19520100913: 196 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 197 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 198 199 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 200 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 201 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 202 default is "AUTO". 203 204 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 205 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 206 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 207 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 208 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 209 210 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 211 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 212 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 213 21420100913: 215 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 216 now i386 and amd64 only. 217 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 218 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 219 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 220 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 221 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 222 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 223 22420100725: 225 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 226 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 227 22820100722: 229 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 230 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 231 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 232 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 233 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 234 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 235 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 236 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 237 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 238 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 239 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 240 24120100713: 242 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 243 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 244 machine powerpc powerpc 245 246 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 247 after this change. 248 24920100713: 250 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 251 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 252 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 253 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 254 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 255 25620100429: 257 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 258 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 259 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 260 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 261 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 262 26320100402: 264 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 265 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 266 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 267 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 268 WITH_CTF=yes"). 269 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 270 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 271 to unwanted behavior. 272 27320100311: 274 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 275 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 276 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 277 be modified accordingly. 278 27920100113: 280 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 281 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 282 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 283 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 284 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 285 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 286 287 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 288 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 289 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 290 use of utmpx. 291 292 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 293 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 294 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 295 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 296 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 297 29820100108: 299 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 300 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 301 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 302 30320091202: 304 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 305 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 306 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 307 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 308 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 309 310 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 311 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 312 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 313 314 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 315 31620091125: 317 8.0-RELEASE. 318 31920091113: 320 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 321 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 322 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 323 operation of applications on the console. 324 325 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 326 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 327 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 328 cons25. 329 330 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 331 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 332 performed by syscons(4). 333 33420091109: 335 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 336 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 337 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 338 339 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 340 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 341 new structure. 342 34320091025: 344 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 345 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 346 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 347 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 348 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 349 iwn5150fw. 350 35120090926: 352 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 353 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 354 355 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 356 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 357 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 358 359 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 360 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 361 362 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 363 they are obsolete. 364 365 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 366 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 367 368 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 369 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 370 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 371 372 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 373 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 374 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 375 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 376 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 377 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 378 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 379 using ifconfig(8) like: 380 381 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 382 383 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 384 IPv6-preferred. 385 386 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 387 388 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 389 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 390 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 391 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 392 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 393 39420090922: 395 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 396 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 397 39820090912: 399 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 400 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 401 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 402 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 403 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 404 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 405 40620090910: 407 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 408 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 409 41020090825: 411 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 412 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 413 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 414 is 1000. 415 41620090813: 417 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 418 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 419 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 420 42120090803: 422 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 423 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 424 42520090719: 426 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 427 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 428 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 429 43020090714: 431 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 432 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 433 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 434 43520090713: 436 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 437 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 438 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 439 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 440 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 441 44220090712: 443 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 444 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 445 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 446 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 447 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 448 44920090630: 450 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 451 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 452 may need to be adjusted. 453 45420090629: 455 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 456 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 457 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 458 with routing sockets. 459 46020090628: 461 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 462 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 463 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 464 46520090624: 466 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 467 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 468 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 469 800100. 470 47120090622: 472 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 473 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 474 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 475 47620090619: 477 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 478 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 479 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 480 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 481 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 482 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 483 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 484 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 485 486 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 487 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 488 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 489 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 490 authentication method is used. 491 49220090616: 493 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 494 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 495 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 496 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 497 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 498 49920090613: 500 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 501 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 502 50320090611: 504 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 505 be rebuilt. 506 50720090608: 508 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 509 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 510 51120090602: 512 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 513 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 514 51520090601: 516 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 517 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 518 re-compiled. 519 52020090601: 521 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 522 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 523 rebuilt. 524 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 525 52620090530: 527 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 528 more valid. 529 53020090530: 531 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 532 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 533 53420090529: 535 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 536 rebuilt. 537 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 538 53920090528: 540 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 541 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 542 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 543 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 544 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 545 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 546 54720090527: 548 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 549 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 550 55120090523: 552 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 553 need to be rebuilt. 554 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 555 55620090523: 557 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 558 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 559 56020090520: 561 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 562 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 563 56420090520: 565 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 566 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 567 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 568 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 569 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 570 57120090430: 572 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 573 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 574 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 575 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 576 correctly checking networking state from userland. 577 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 578 57920090429: 580 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 581 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 582 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 583 follows the IPv4 implementation. 584 585 For kernel developers: 586 587 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 588 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 589 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 590 591 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 592 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 593 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 594 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 595 596 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 597 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 598 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 599 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 600 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 601 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 602 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 603 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 604 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 605 multicast membership on-link. 606 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 607 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 608 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 609 610 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 611 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 612 stack. 613 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 614 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 615 semantics. 616 617 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 618 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 619 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 620 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 621 622 For application developers: 623 624 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 625 stack. 626 627 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 628 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 629 630 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 631 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 632 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 633 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 634 635 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 636 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 637 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 638 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 639 Multicast Source Filters'. 640 641 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 642 643 For systems administrators: 644 645 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 646 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 647 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 648 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 649 returned by getifaddrs(3). 650 651 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 652 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 653 654 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 655 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 656 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 657 recommended for optimal system performance. 658 659 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 660 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 661 back forwarded datagrams. 662 663 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 664 66520090422: 666 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 667 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 668 66920090419: 670 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 671 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 672 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 673 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 674 67520090415: 676 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 677 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 678 state will require a world rebuild. 679 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 680 68120090415: 682 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 683 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 684 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 685 68620090414: 687 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 688 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 689 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 690 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 691 load balancing. 692 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 693 69420090408: 695 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 696 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 697 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 698 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 699 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 700 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 701 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 702 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 703 70420090407: 705 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 706 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 707 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 708 70920090320: 710 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 711 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 712 introduces some changes: 713 714 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 715 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 716 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 717 718 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 719 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 720 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 721 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 722 723 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 724 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 725 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 726 the "386BSD" type). 727 728 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 729 73020090319: 731 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 732 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 733 (supported by sane). 734 73520090319: 736 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 737 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 738 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 739 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 740 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 741 74220090315: 743 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 744 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 745 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 746 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 747 used. 748 74920090313: 750 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 751 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 752 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 753 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 754 75520090313: 756 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 757 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 758 75920090309: 760 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 761 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 762 763 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 764 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 765 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 766 767 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 768 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 769 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 770 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 771 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 772 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 773 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 774 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 775 776 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 777 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 778 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 779 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 780 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 781 to preserve the existing behaviour. 782 783 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 784 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 785 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 786 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 787 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 788 789 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 790 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 791 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 792 via IGMP. 793 794 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 795 recompiled to reflect this. 796 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 797 79820090309: 799 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 800 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 801 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 802 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 803 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 804 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 805 80620090302: 807 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 808 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 809 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 810 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 811 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 812 raised to allow such segments to be created. 813 81420090301: 815 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 816 network device driver modules. 817 81820090227: 819 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 820 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 821 82220090223: 823 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 824 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 825 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 826 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 827 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 828 apply. 829 83020090217: 831 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 832 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 833 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 834 use the new name. 835 83620090216: 837 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 838 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 839 add 840 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 841 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 842 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 843 84420090215: 845 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 846 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 847 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 848 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 849 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 850 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 851 852 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 853 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 854 be used for this: 855 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 856 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 857 85820090209: 859 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 860 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 861 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 862 86320090203: 864 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 865 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 866 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 867 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 868 same interface. 869 87020090201: 871 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 872 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 873 87420090119: 875 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 876 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 877 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 878 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 879 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 880 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 881 88220090115: 883 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 884 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 885 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 886 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 887 88820081225: 889 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 890 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 891 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 892 in next mpd5.3 release. 893 89420081219: 895 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 896 the base system (it was a port). 897 89820081216: 899 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 900 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 901 90220081214: 903 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 904 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 905 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 906 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 907 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 908 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 909 none of the L2 information. 910 91120081130: 912 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 913 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 914 915 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 916 917 to their kernel config files when specifying: 918 919 device ath_hal 920 921 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 922 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 923 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 924 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 925 92620081121: 927 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 928 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 929 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 930 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 931 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 932 packets. 933 93420081117: 935 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 936 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 937 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 938 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 939 94020081028: 941 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 942 94320081009: 944 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 945 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 946 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 947 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 948 controller add the following to loader.conf: 949 950 uhci_load="YES" 951 ehci_load="YES" 952 95320081009: 954 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 955 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 956 sync. 957 95820081009: 959 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 960 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 961 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 962 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 963 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 964 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 965 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 966 96720080820: 968 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 969 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 970 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 971 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 972 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 973 974 PCI/ISA: 975 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 976 977 USB: 978 ubser, ucycom 979 980 Line disciplines: 981 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 982 983 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 984 cause compilation to fail. 985 98620080818: 987 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 988 98920080801: 990 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 991 992 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 993 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 994 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 995 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 996 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 997 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 998 accepting the RSA key. 999 1000 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1001 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1002 command line. 1003 1004 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1005 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1006 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1007 behavior. 1008 100920080713: 1010 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1011 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1012 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1013 1014 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1015 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1016 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1017 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1018 use the new device names. 1019 1020 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1021 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1022 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1023 at the loader prompt: 1024 1025 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1026 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1027 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1028 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1029 boot -s 1030 103120080609: 1032 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1033 disks instead. 1034 103520080603: 1036 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1037 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1038 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1039 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1040 104120080525: 1042 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1043 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1044 104520080509: 1046 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1047 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1048 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1049 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1050 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1051 105220080420: 1053 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1054 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1055 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1056 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1057 For example, change: 1058 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1059 to 1060 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1061 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1062 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1063 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1064 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1065 1066 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1067 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1068 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1069 107020080408: 1071 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1072 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1073 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1074 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1075 other operation levels. 1076 107720080312: 1078 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1079 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1080 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1081 compatibility with any prior release: 1082 1083 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1084 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1085 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1086 108720080301: 1088 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1089 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1090 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1091 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1092 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1093 nonetheless. 1094 109520080229: 1096 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1097 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1098 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1099 with older hardware easier to do. 1100 110120080220: 1102 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1103 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1104 110520080211: 1106 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1107 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1108 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1109 firewall rules. 1110 111120080208: 1112 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1113 mbuf chains. 1114 111520080126: 1116 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1117 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1118 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1119 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1120 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1121 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1122 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1123 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1124 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1125 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1126 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1127 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1128 112920080123: 1130 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1131 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1132 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1133 113420071128: 1135 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1136 functionality is the default now. 1137 113820071118: 1139 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1140 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1141 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1142 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1143 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1144 1145 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1146 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1147 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1148 114920071024: 1150 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1151 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1152 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1153 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1154 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1155 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1156 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1157 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1158 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1159 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1160 however. 1161 116220071020: 1163 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1164 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1165 used kproc_start().. 1166 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1167 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1168 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1169 117020071010: 1171 RELENG_7 branched. 1172 1173COMMON ITEMS: 1174 1175 General Notes 1176 ------------- 1177 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1178 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1179 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1180 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1181 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1182 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1183 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1184 1185 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1186 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1187 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1188 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1189 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1190 1191 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1192 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1193 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1194 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1195 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1196 1197 ZFS notes 1198 --------- 1199 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1200 these two steps: 1201 1202 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1203 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1204 1205 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1206 1207 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1208 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1209 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1210 1211 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1212 1213 To build a kernel 1214 ----------------- 1215 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1216 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1217 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1218 1219 make kernel-toolchain 1220 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1221 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1222 1223 To test a kernel once 1224 --------------------- 1225 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1226 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1227 debugging information) run 1228 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1229 nextboot -k testkernel 1230 1231 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1232 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1233 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1234 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1235 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1236 1237 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1238 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1239 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1240 make depend 1241 make 1242 make install 1243 1244 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1245 1246 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1247 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1248 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1249 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1250 1251 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1252 make buildworld 1253 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1254 [1] 1255 <reboot in single user> [3] 1256 mergemaster -p [5] 1257 make installworld 1258 mergemaster -i [4] 1259 make delete-old [6] 1260 <reboot> 1261 1262 1263 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1264 -------------------------------------------------- 1265 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1266 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1267 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1268 # size. 1269 1270 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1271 <boot into -stable> 1272 make buildworld 1273 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1274 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1275 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1276 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1277 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1278 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1279 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1280 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1281 <reboot into current> 1282 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1283 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1284 <reboot> 1285 1286 1287 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1288 ---------------------------------------------- 1289 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1290 make buildworld [9] 1291 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1292 [1] 1293 <reboot in single user> [3] 1294 mergemaster -p [5] 1295 make installworld 1296 mergemaster -i [4] 1297 make delete-old [6] 1298 <reboot> 1299 1300 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1301 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1302 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1303 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1304 the UPDATING entries. 1305 1306 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1307 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1308 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1309 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1310 much fewer pitfalls. 1311 1312 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1313 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1314 system on reboot. 1315 1316 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1317 fsck -p 1318 mount -u / 1319 mount -a 1320 cd src 1321 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1322 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1323 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1324 1325 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1326 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1327 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1328 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1329 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1330 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1331 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1332 1333 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1334 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1335 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1336 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1337 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1338 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1339 1340 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1341 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1342 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1343 1344 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1345 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1346 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1347 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1348 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1349 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1350 1351 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1352 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1353 1354 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1355 cvs prune empty directories. 1356 1357 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1358 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1359 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1360 1361 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1362 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1363 warn if it is improperly defined. 1364FORMAT: 1365 1366This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1367breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1368and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1369previous releases if your system is older than this. 1370 1371Copyright information: 1372 1373Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1374 1375Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1376modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1377document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1378 1379THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1380IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1381WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1382DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1383INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1384(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1385SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1386HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1387STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1388IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1389POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1390 1391Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1392this document. 1393 1394$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 220983 2011-04-24 09:23:08Z mav $ 1395