UPDATING revision 201001
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520091202: 26 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 27 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 28 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 29 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 30 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 31 32 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 33 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 34 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 35 36 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 37 3820091113: 39 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 40 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 41 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 42 operation of applications on the console. 43 44 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 45 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 46 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 47 cons25. 48 49 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 50 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 51 performed by syscons(4). 52 5320091109: 54 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 55 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 56 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 57 58 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 59 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 60 new structure. 61 6220091025: 63 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 64 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 65 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 66 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 67 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 68 iwn5150fw. 69 7020090926: 71 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 72 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 73 74 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 75 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 76 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 77 78 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 79 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 80 81 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 82 they are obsolete. 83 84 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 85 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 86 87 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 88 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 89 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 90 91 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 92 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 93 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 94 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 95 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 96 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 97 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 98 using ifconfig(8) like: 99 100 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 101 102 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 103 IPv6-preferred. 104 105 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 106 107 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 108 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 109 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 110 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 111 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 112 11320090922: 114 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 115 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 116 11720090912: 118 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 119 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 120 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 121 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 122 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 123 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 124 12520090910: 126 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 127 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 128 12920090825: 130 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 131 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 132 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 133 is 1000. 134 13520090813: 136 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 137 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 138 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 139 14020090803: 141 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 142 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 143 14420090719: 145 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 146 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 147 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 148 14920090714: 150 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 151 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 152 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 153 15420090713: 155 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 156 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 157 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 158 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 159 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 160 16120090712: 162 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 163 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 164 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 165 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 166 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 167 16820090630: 169 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 170 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 171 may need to be adjusted. 172 17320090629: 174 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 175 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 176 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 177 with routing sockets. 178 17920090628: 180 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 181 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 182 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 183 18420090624: 185 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 186 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 187 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 188 800100. 189 19020090622: 191 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 192 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 193 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 194 19520090619: 196 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 197 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 198 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 199 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 200 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 201 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 202 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 203 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 204 205 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 206 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 207 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 208 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 209 authentication method is used. 210 21120090616: 212 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 213 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 214 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 215 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 216 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 217 21820090613: 219 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 220 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 221 22220090611: 223 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 224 be rebuilt. 225 22620090608: 227 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 228 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 229 23020090602: 231 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 232 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 233 23420090601: 235 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 236 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 237 re-compiled. 238 23920090601: 240 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 241 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 242 rebuilt. 243 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 244 24520090530: 246 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 247 more valid. 248 24920090530: 250 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 251 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 252 25320090529: 254 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 255 rebuilt. 256 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 257 25820090528: 259 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 260 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 261 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 262 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 263 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 264 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 265 26620090527: 267 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 268 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 269 27020090523: 271 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 272 need to be rebuilt. 273 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 274 27520090523: 276 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 277 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 278 27920090520: 280 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 281 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 282 28320090520: 284 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 285 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 286 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 287 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 288 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 289 29020090430: 291 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 292 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 293 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 294 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 295 correctly checking networking state from userland. 296 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 297 29820090429: 299 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 300 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 301 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 302 follows the IPv4 implementation. 303 304 For kernel developers: 305 306 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 307 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 308 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 309 310 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 311 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 312 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 313 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 314 315 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 316 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 317 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 318 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 319 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 320 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 321 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 322 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 323 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 324 multicast membership on-link. 325 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 326 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 327 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 328 329 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 330 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 331 stack. 332 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 333 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 334 semantics. 335 336 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 337 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 338 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 339 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 340 341 For application developers: 342 343 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 344 stack. 345 346 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 347 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 348 349 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 350 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 351 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 352 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 353 354 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 355 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 356 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 357 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 358 Multicast Source Filters'. 359 360 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 361 362 For systems administrators: 363 364 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 365 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 366 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 367 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 368 returned by getifaddrs(3). 369 370 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 371 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 372 373 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 374 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 375 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 376 recommended for optimal system performance. 377 378 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 379 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 380 back forwarded datagrams. 381 382 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 383 38420090422: 385 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 386 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 387 38820090419: 389 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 390 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 391 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 392 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 393 39420090415: 395 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 396 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 397 state will require a world rebuild. 398 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 399 40020090415: 401 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 402 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 403 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 404 40520090414: 406 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 407 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 408 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 409 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 410 load balancing. 411 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 412 41320090408: 414 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 415 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 416 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 417 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 418 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 419 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 420 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 421 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 422 42320090407: 424 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 425 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 426 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 427 42820090320: 429 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 430 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 431 introduces some changes: 432 433 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 434 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 435 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 436 437 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 438 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 439 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 440 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 441 442 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 443 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 444 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 445 the "386BSD" type). 446 447 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 448 44920090319: 450 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 451 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 452 (supported by sane). 453 45420090319: 455 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 456 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 457 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 458 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 459 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 460 46120090315: 462 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 463 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 464 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 465 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 466 used. 467 46820090313: 469 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 470 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 471 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 472 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 473 47420090313: 475 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 476 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 477 47820090309: 479 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 480 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 481 482 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 483 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 484 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 485 486 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 487 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 488 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 489 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 490 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 491 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 492 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 493 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 494 495 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 496 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 497 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 498 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 499 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 500 to preserve the existing behaviour. 501 502 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 503 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 504 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 505 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 506 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 507 508 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 509 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 510 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 511 via IGMP. 512 513 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 514 recompiled to reflect this. 515 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 516 51720090309: 518 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 519 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 520 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 521 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 522 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 523 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 524 52520090302: 526 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 527 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 528 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 529 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 530 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 531 raised to allow such segments to be created. 532 53320090301: 534 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 535 network device driver modules. 536 53720090227: 538 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 539 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 540 54120090223: 542 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 543 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 544 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 545 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 546 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 547 apply. 548 54920090217: 550 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 551 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 552 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 553 use the new name. 554 55520090216: 556 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 557 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 558 add 559 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 560 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 561 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 562 56320090215: 564 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 565 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 566 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 567 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 568 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 569 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 570 571 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 572 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 573 be used for this: 574 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 575 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 576 57720090209: 578 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 579 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 580 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 581 58220090203: 583 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 584 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 585 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 586 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 587 same interface. 588 58920090201: 590 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 591 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 592 59320090119: 594 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 595 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 596 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 597 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 598 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 599 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 600 60120090115: 602 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 603 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 604 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 605 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 606 60720081225: 608 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 609 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 610 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 611 in next mpd5.3 release. 612 61320081219: 614 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 615 the base system (it was a port). 616 61720081216: 618 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 619 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 620 62120081214: 622 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 623 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 624 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 625 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 626 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 627 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 628 none of the L2 information. 629 63020081130: 631 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 632 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 633 634 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 635 636 to their kernel config files when specifying: 637 638 device ath_hal 639 640 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 641 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 642 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 643 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 644 64520081121: 646 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 647 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 648 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 649 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 650 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 651 packets. 652 65320081117: 654 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 655 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 656 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 657 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 658 65920081028: 660 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 661 66220081009: 663 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 664 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 665 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 666 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 667 controller add the following to loader.conf: 668 669 uhci_load="YES" 670 ehci_load="YES" 671 67220081009: 673 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 674 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 675 sync. 676 67720081009: 678 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 679 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 680 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 681 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 682 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 683 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 684 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 685 68620080820: 687 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 688 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 689 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 690 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 691 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 692 693 PCI/ISA: 694 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 695 696 USB: 697 ubser, ucycom 698 699 Line disciplines: 700 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 701 702 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 703 cause compilation to fail. 704 70520080818: 706 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 707 70820080801: 709 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 710 711 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 712 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 713 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 714 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 715 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 716 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 717 accepting the RSA key. 718 719 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 720 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 721 command line. 722 723 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 724 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 725 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 726 behavior. 727 72820080713: 729 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 730 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 731 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 732 733 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 734 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 735 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 736 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 737 use the new device names. 738 739 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 740 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 741 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 742 at the loader prompt: 743 744 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 745 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 746 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 747 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 748 boot -s 749 75020080609: 751 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 752 disks instead. 753 75420080603: 755 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 756 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 757 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 758 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 759 76020080525: 761 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 762 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 763 76420080509: 765 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 766 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 767 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 768 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 769 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 770 77120080420: 772 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 773 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 774 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 775 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 776 For example, change: 777 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 778 to 779 wlans_ath0=wlan0 780 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 781 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 782 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 783 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 784 785 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 786 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 787 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 788 78920080408: 790 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 791 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 792 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 793 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 794 other operation levels. 795 79620080312: 797 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 798 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 799 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 800 compatibility with any prior release: 801 802 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 803 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 804 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 805 80620080301: 807 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 808 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 809 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 810 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 811 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 812 nonetheless. 813 81420080229: 815 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 816 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 817 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 818 with older hardware easier to do. 819 82020080220: 821 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 822 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 823 82420080211: 825 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 826 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 827 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 828 firewall rules. 829 83020080208: 831 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 832 mbuf chains. 833 83420080126: 835 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 836 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 837 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 838 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 839 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 840 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 841 third-party software might fail to build after this change 842 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 843 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 844 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 845 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 846 case that a portable fix is impossible. 847 84820080123: 849 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 850 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 851 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 852 85320071128: 854 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 855 functionality is the default now. 856 85720071118: 858 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 859 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 860 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 861 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 862 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 863 864 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 865 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 866 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 867 86820071024: 869 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 870 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 871 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 872 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 873 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 874 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 875 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 876 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 877 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 878 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 879 however. 880 88120071020: 882 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 883 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 884 used kproc_start().. 885 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 886 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 887 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 888 88920071010: 890 RELENG_7 branched. 891 892COMMON ITEMS: 893 894 General Notes 895 ------------- 896 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 897 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 898 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 899 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 900 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 901 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 902 several months have passed on the -current branch). 903 904 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 905 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 906 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 907 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 908 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 909 910 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 911 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 912 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 913 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 914 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 915 916 To build a kernel 917 ----------------- 918 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 919 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 920 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 921 922 make kernel-toolchain 923 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 924 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 925 926 To test a kernel once 927 --------------------- 928 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 929 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 930 debugging information) run 931 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 932 nextboot -k testkernel 933 934 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 935 -------------------------------------------------------------- 936 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 937 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 938 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 939 940 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 941 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 942 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 943 make depend 944 make 945 make install 946 947 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 948 949 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 950 ----------------------------------------------------------- 951 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 952 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 953 954 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 955 make buildworld 956 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 957 [1] 958 <reboot in single user> [3] 959 mergemaster -p [5] 960 make installworld 961 make delete-old 962 mergemaster [4] 963 <reboot> 964 965 966 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 967 -------------------------------------------------- 968 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 969 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 970 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 971 # size. 972 973 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 974 <boot into -stable> 975 make buildworld 976 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 977 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 978 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 979 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 980 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 981 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 982 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 983 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 984 <reboot into current> 985 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 986 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 987 <reboot> 988 989 990 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 991 ---------------------------------------------- 992 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 993 make buildworld [9] 994 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 995 [1] 996 <reboot in single user> [3] 997 mergemaster -p [5] 998 make installworld 999 make delete-old 1000 mergemaster -i [4] 1001 <reboot> 1002 1003 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1004 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1005 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1006 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1007 the UPDATING entries. 1008 1009 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1010 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1011 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1012 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1013 much fewer pitfalls. 1014 1015 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1016 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1017 system on reboot. 1018 1019 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1020 fsck -p 1021 mount -u / 1022 mount -a 1023 cd src 1024 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1025 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1026 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1027 1028 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1029 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1030 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1031 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1032 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1033 for potential gotchas. 1034 1035 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1036 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1037 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1038 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1039 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1040 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1041 1042 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1043 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1044 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1045 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1046 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1047 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1048 1049 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1050 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1051 1052 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1053 cvs prune empty directories. 1054 1055 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1056 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1057 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1058 1059 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1060 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1061 warn if it is improperly defined. 1062FORMAT: 1063 1064This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1065breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1066and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1067previous releases if your system is older than this. 1068 1069Copyright information: 1070 1071Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1072 1073Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1074modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1075document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1076 1077THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1078IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1079WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1080DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1081INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1082(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1083SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1084HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1085STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1086IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1087POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1088 1089Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1090this document. 1091 1092$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 201001 2009-12-25 21:14:34Z ru $ 1093