boot1.S revision 129240
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely 6 * permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this 7 * paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all 8 * such forms. 9 * 10 * This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or 11 * implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied 12 * warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular 13 * purpose. 14 * 15 * $FreeBSD: head/sys/boot/i386/boot2/boot1.S 129240 2004-05-14 20:29:30Z ru $ 16 */ 17 18/* Memory Locations */ 19 .set MEM_REL,0x700 # Relocation address 20 .set MEM_ARG,0x900 # Arguments 21 .set MEM_ORG,0x7c00 # Origin 22 .set MEM_BUF,0x8cec # Load area 23 .set MEM_BTX,0x9000 # BTX start 24 .set MEM_JMP,0x9010 # BTX entry point 25 .set MEM_USR,0xa000 # Client start 26 .set BDA_BOOT,0x472 # Boot howto flag 27 28/* Partition Constants */ 29 .set PRT_OFF,0x1be # Partition offset 30 .set PRT_NUM,0x4 # Partitions 31 .set PRT_BSD,0xa5 # Partition type 32 33/* Flag Bits */ 34 .set FL_PACKET,0x80 # Packet mode 35 36/* Misc. Constants */ 37 .set SIZ_PAG,0x1000 # Page size 38 .set SIZ_SEC,0x200 # Sector size 39 40 .set NSECT,0x10 41 .globl start 42 .globl xread 43 .code16 44 45start: jmp main # Start recognizably 46 47/* 48 * This is the start of a standard BIOS Parameter Block (BPB). Most bootable 49 * FAT disks have this at the start of their MBR. While normal BIOS's will 50 * work fine without this section, IBM's El Torito emulation "fixes" up the 51 * BPB by writing into the memory copy of the MBR. Rather than have data 52 * written into our xread routine, we'll define a BPB to work around it. 53 * The data marked with (T) indicates a field required for a ThinkPad to 54 * recognize the disk and (W) indicates fields written from IBM BIOS code. 55 * The use of the BPB is based on what OpenBSD and NetBSD implemented in 56 * their boot code but the required fields were determined by trial and error. 57 * 58 * Note: If additional space is needed in boot1, one solution would be to 59 * move the "prompt" message data (below) to replace the OEM ID. 60 */ 61 .org 0x03, 0x00 62oemid: .space 0x08, 0x00 # OEM ID 63 64 .org 0x0b, 0x00 65bpb: .word 512 # sector size (T) 66 .byte 0 # sectors/clustor 67 .word 0 # reserved sectors 68 .byte 0 # number of FATs 69 .word 0 # root entries 70 .word 0 # small sectors 71 .byte 0 # media type (W) 72 .word 0 # sectors/fat 73 .word 18 # sectors per track (T) 74 .word 2 # number of heads (T) 75 .long 0 # hidden sectors (W) 76 .long 0 # large sectors 77 78 .org 0x24, 0x00 79ebpb: .byte 0 # BIOS physical drive number (W) 80 81 .org 0x25,0x90 82/* 83 * Trampoline used by boot2 to call read to read data from the disk via 84 * the BIOS. Call with: 85 * 86 * %cx:%ax - long - LBA to read in 87 * %es:(%bx) - caddr_t - buffer to read data into 88 * %dl - byte - drive to read from 89 * %dh - byte - num sectors to read 90 */ 91 92xread: push %ss # Address 93 pop %ds # data 94/* 95 * Setup an EDD disk packet and pass it to read 96 */ 97xread.1: # Starting 98 pushl $0x0 # absolute 99 push %cx # block 100 push %ax # number 101 push %es # Address of 102 push %bx # transfer buffer 103 xor %ax,%ax # Number of 104 movb %dh,%al # blocks to 105 push %ax # transfer 106 push $0x10 # Size of packet 107 mov %sp,%bp # Packet pointer 108 callw read # Read from disk 109 lea 0x10(%bp),%sp # Clear stack 110 lret # To far caller 111/* 112 * Load the rest of boot2 and BTX up, copy the parts to the right locations, 113 * and start it all up. 114 */ 115 116/* 117 * Setup the segment registers to flat addressing (segment 0) and setup the 118 * stack to end just below the start of our code. 119 */ 120main: cld # String ops inc 121 xor %cx,%cx # Zero 122 mov %cx,%es # Address 123 mov %cx,%ds # data 124 mov %cx,%ss # Set up 125 mov $start,%sp # stack 126/* 127 * Relocate ourself to MEM_REL. Since %cx == 0, the inc %ch sets 128 * %cx == 0x100. 129 */ 130 mov %sp,%si # Source 131 mov $MEM_REL,%di # Destination 132 incb %ch # Word count 133 rep # Copy 134 movsw # code 135/* 136 * If we are on a hard drive, then load the MBR and look for the first 137 * FreeBSD slice. We use the fake partition entry below that points to 138 * the MBR when we call nread. The first pass looks for the first active 139 * FreeBSD slice. The second pass looks for the first non-active FreeBSD 140 * slice if the first one fails. 141 */ 142 mov $part4,%si # Partition 143 cmpb $0x80,%dl # Hard drive? 144 jb main.4 # No 145 movb $0x1,%dh # Block count 146 callw nread # Read MBR 147 mov $0x1,%cx # Two passes 148main.1: mov $MEM_BUF+PRT_OFF,%si # Partition table 149 movb $0x1,%dh # Partition 150main.2: cmpb $PRT_BSD,0x4(%si) # Our partition type? 151 jne main.3 # No 152 jcxz main.5 # If second pass 153 testb $0x80,(%si) # Active? 154 jnz main.5 # Yes 155main.3: add $0x10,%si # Next entry 156 incb %dh # Partition 157 cmpb $0x1+PRT_NUM,%dh # In table? 158 jb main.2 # Yes 159 dec %cx # Do two 160 jcxz main.1 # passes 161/* 162 * If we get here, we didn't find any FreeBSD slices at all, so print an 163 * error message and die. 164 */ 165 mov $msg_part,%si # Message 166 jmp error # Error 167/* 168 * Floppies use partition 0 of drive 0. 169 */ 170main.4: xor %dx,%dx # Partition:drive 171/* 172 * Ok, we have a slice and drive in %dx now, so use that to locate and load 173 * boot2. %si references the start of the slice we are looking for, so go 174 * ahead and load up the first 16 sectors (boot1 + boot2) from that. When 175 * we read it in, we conveniently use 0x8cec as our transfer buffer. Thus, 176 * boot1 ends up at 0x8cec, and boot2 starts at 0x8cec + 0x200 = 0x8eec. 177 * The first part of boot2 is the disklabel, which is 0x114 bytes long. 178 * The second part is BTX, which is thus loaded into 0x9000, which is where 179 * it also runs from. The boot2.bin binary starts right after the end of 180 * BTX, so we have to figure out where the start of it is and then move the 181 * binary to 0xc000. Normally, BTX clients start at MEM_USR, or 0xa000, but 182 * when we use btxld to create boot2, we use an entry point of 0x2000. That 183 * entry point is relative to MEM_USR; thus boot2.bin starts at 0xc000. 184 */ 185main.5: mov %dx,MEM_ARG # Save args 186 movb $NSECT,%dh # Sector count 187 callw nread # Read disk 188 mov $MEM_BTX,%bx # BTX 189 mov 0xa(%bx),%si # Get BTX length and set 190 add %bx,%si # %si to start of boot2.bin 191 mov $MEM_USR+SIZ_PAG*2,%di # Client page 2 192 mov $MEM_BTX+(NSECT-1)*SIZ_SEC,%cx # Byte 193 sub %si,%cx # count 194 rep # Relocate 195 movsb # client 196 sub %di,%cx # Byte count 197 xorb %al,%al # Zero assumed bss from 198 rep # the end of boot2.bin 199 stosb # up to 0x10000 200 callw seta20 # Enable A20 201 jmp start+MEM_JMP-MEM_ORG # Start BTX 202/* 203 * Enable A20 so we can access memory above 1 meg. 204 */ 205seta20: cli # Disable interrupts 206seta20.1: inb $0x64,%al # Get status 207 testb $0x2,%al # Busy? 208 jnz seta20.1 # Yes 209 movb $0xd1,%al # Command: Write 210 outb %al,$0x64 # output port 211seta20.2: inb $0x64,%al # Get status 212 testb $0x2,%al # Busy? 213 jnz seta20.2 # Yes 214 movb $0xdf,%al # Enable 215 outb %al,$0x60 # A20 216 sti # Enable interrupts 217 retw # To caller 218/* 219 * Trampoline used to call read from within boot1. 220 */ 221nread: mov $MEM_BUF,%bx # Transfer buffer 222 mov 0x8(%si),%ax # Get 223 mov 0xa(%si),%cx # LBA 224 push %cs # Read from 225 callw xread.1 # disk 226 jnc return # If success, return 227 mov $msg_read,%si # Otherwise, set the error 228 # message and fall through to 229 # the error routine 230/* 231 * Print out the error message pointed to by %ds:(%si) followed 232 * by a prompt, wait for a keypress, and then reboot the machine. 233 */ 234error: callw putstr # Display message 235 mov $prompt,%si # Display 236 callw putstr # prompt 237 xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get 238 int $0x16 # keypress 239 movw $0x1234, BDA_BOOT # Do a warm boot 240 ljmp $0xffff,$0x0 # reboot the machine 241/* 242 * Display a null-terminated string using the BIOS output. 243 */ 244putstr.0: mov $0x7,%bx # Page:attribute 245 movb $0xe,%ah # BIOS: Display 246 int $0x10 # character 247putstr: lodsb # Get char 248 testb %al,%al # End of string? 249 jne putstr.0 # No 250 251/* 252 * Overused return code. ereturn is used to return an error from the 253 * read function. Since we assume putstr succeeds, we (ab)use the 254 * same code when we return from putstr. 255 */ 256ereturn: movb $0x1,%ah # Invalid 257 stc # argument 258return: retw # To caller 259/* 260 * Reads sectors from the disk. If EDD is enabled, then check if it is 261 * installed and use it if it is. If it is not installed or not enabled, then 262 * fall back to using CHS. Since we use a LBA, if we are using CHS, we have to 263 * fetch the drive parameters from the BIOS and divide it out ourselves. 264 * Call with: 265 * 266 * %dl - byte - drive number 267 * stack - 10 bytes - EDD Packet 268 */ 269read: push %dx # Save 270 movb $0x8,%ah # BIOS: Get drive 271 int $0x13 # parameters 272 movb %dh,%ch # Max head number 273 pop %dx # Restore 274 jc return # If error 275 andb $0x3f,%cl # Sectors per track 276 jz ereturn # If zero 277 cli # Disable interrupts 278 mov 0x8(%bp),%eax # Get LBA 279 push %dx # Save 280 movzbl %cl,%ebx # Divide by 281 xor %edx,%edx # sectors 282 div %ebx # per track 283 movb %ch,%bl # Max head number 284 movb %dl,%ch # Sector number 285 inc %bx # Divide by 286 xorb %dl,%dl # number 287 div %ebx # of heads 288 movb %dl,%bh # Head number 289 pop %dx # Restore 290 cmpl $0x3ff,%eax # Cylinder number supportable? 291 sti # Enable interrupts 292 ja read.7 # No, try EDD 293 xchgb %al,%ah # Set up cylinder 294 rorb $0x2,%al # number 295 orb %ch,%al # Merge 296 inc %ax # sector 297 xchg %ax,%cx # number 298 movb %bh,%dh # Head number 299 subb %ah,%al # Sectors this track 300 mov 0x2(%bp),%ah # Blocks to read 301 cmpb %ah,%al # To read 302 jb read.2 # this 303#ifdef TRACK_AT_A_TIME 304 movb %ah,%al # track 305#else 306 movb $1,%al # one sector 307#endif 308read.2: mov $0x5,%di # Try count 309read.3: les 0x4(%bp),%bx # Transfer buffer 310 push %ax # Save 311 movb $0x2,%ah # BIOS: Read 312 int $0x13 # from disk 313 pop %bx # Restore 314 jnc read.4 # If success 315 dec %di # Retry? 316 jz read.6 # No 317 xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Reset 318 int $0x13 # disk system 319 xchg %bx,%ax # Block count 320 jmp read.3 # Continue 321read.4: movzbw %bl,%ax # Sectors read 322 add %ax,0x8(%bp) # Adjust 323 jnc read.5 # LBA, 324 incw 0xa(%bp) # transfer 325read.5: shlb %bl # buffer 326 add %bl,0x5(%bp) # pointer, 327 sub %al,0x2(%bp) # block count 328 ja read # If not done 329read.6: retw # To caller 330read.7: testb $FL_PACKET,%cs:MEM_REL+flags-start # LBA support enabled? 331 jz ereturn # No, so return an error 332 mov $0x55aa,%bx # Magic 333 push %dx # Save 334 movb $0x41,%ah # BIOS: Check 335 int $0x13 # extensions present 336 pop %dx # Restore 337 jc return # If error, return an error 338 cmp $0xaa55,%bx # Magic? 339 jne ereturn # No, so return an error 340 testb $0x1,%cl # Packet interface? 341 jz ereturn # No, so return an error 342 mov %bp,%si # Disk packet 343 movb $0x42,%ah # BIOS: Extended 344 int $0x13 # read 345 retw # To caller 346 347/* Messages */ 348 349msg_read: .asciz "Read" 350msg_part: .asciz "Boot" 351 352prompt: .asciz " error\r\n" 353 354flags: .byte FLAGS # Flags 355 356 .org PRT_OFF,0x90 357 358/* Partition table */ 359 360 .fill 0x30,0x1,0x0 361part4: .byte 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00 362 .byte 0xa5, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff 363 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 364 .byte 0x50, 0xc3, 0x00, 0x00 # 50000 sectors long, bleh 365 366 .word 0xaa55 # Magic number 367