boot0.S revision 138048
1128723Sru/* 2128723Sru * Copyright (c) 2002 Bruce M. Simpson 3128723Sru * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 4128723Sru * All rights reserved. 5128723Sru * 6128723Sru * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely 7128723Sru * permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this 8128723Sru * paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all 9128723Sru * such forms. 10128723Sru * 11128723Sru * This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or 12128723Sru * implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied 13128723Sru * warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular 14128723Sru * purpose. 15128723Sru * 16128723Sru * $FreeBSD: head/sys/boot/i386/boot0/boot0.S 138048 2004-11-24 15:39:04Z jhb $ 17128723Sru */ 18128722Sru 19128723Sru/* A 512-byte boot manager. */ 20128722Sru#ifdef SIO 21128723Sru/* ... using a serial console on COM1. */ 22138048Sjhb#endif 23128722Sru 24129239Sru .set NHRDRV,0x475 # Number of hard drives 25129239Sru .set ORIGIN,0x600 # Execution address 26129239Sru .set FAKE,0x800 # Partition entry 27129239Sru .set LOAD,0x7c00 # Load address 28128722Sru 29129239Sru .set PRT_OFF,0x1be # Partition table 30128722Sru 31129239Sru .set TBL0SZ,0x3 # Table 0 size 32129239Sru .set TBL1SZ,0xb # Table 1 size 33128722Sru 34129239Sru .set MAGIC,0xaa55 # Magic: bootable 35129239Sru .set B0MAGIC,0xbb66 # Identification 36128722Sru 37129239Sru .set KEY_ENTER,0x1c # Enter key scan code 38129239Sru .set KEY_F1,0x3b # F1 key scan code 39129239Sru .set KEY_1,0x02 # #1 key scan code 40128722Sru 41129239Sru .set ASCII_BEL,0x07 # ASCII code for <BEL> 42129239Sru .set ASCII_CR,0x0D # ASCII code for <CR> 43128722Sru 44128723Sru/* 45128723Sru * Addresses in the sector of embedded data values. 46128723Sru * Accessed with negative offsets from the end of the relocated sector (%ebp). 47128723Sru */ 48129239Sru .set _NXTDRV,-0x48 # Next drive 49129239Sru .set _OPT,-0x47 # Default option 50129239Sru .set _SETDRV,-0x46 # Drive to force 51129239Sru .set _FLAGS,-0x45 # Flags 52129239Sru .set _TICKS,-0x44 # Timeout ticks 53129239Sru .set _FAKE,0x0 # Fake partition entry 54129239Sru .set _MNUOPT,0xc # Menu options 55128722Sru 56129239Sru .globl start # Entry point 57129239Sru .code16 # This runs in real mode 58128722Sru 59128723Sru/* 60128723Sru * Initialise segments and registers to known values. 61128723Sru * segments start at 0. 62128723Sru * The stack is immediately below the address we were loaded to. 63128723Sru */ 64129239Srustart: cld # String ops inc 65129239Sru xorw %ax,%ax # Zero 66129239Sru movw %ax,%es # Address 67129239Sru movw %ax,%ds # data 68129239Sru movw %ax,%ss # Set up 69129239Sru movw $LOAD,%sp # stack 70128722Sru 71128723Sru/* 72128723Sru * Copy this code to the address it was linked for 73128723Sru */ 74129239Sru movw %sp,%si # Source 75129239Sru movw $start,%di # Destination 76129239Sru movw $0x100,%cx # Word count 77129239Sru rep # Relocate 78129239Sru movsw # code 79128723Sru/* 80128723Sru * Set address for variable space beyond code, and clear it. 81128723Sru * Notice that this is also used to point to the values embedded in the block, 82128723Sru * by using negative offsets. 83128723Sru */ 84129239Sru movw %di,%bp # Address variables 85129239Sru movb $0x8,%cl # Words to clear 86129239Sru rep # Zero 87129239Sru stosw # them 88128723Sru/* 89128723Sru * Relocate to the new copy of the code. 90128723Sru */ 91129239Sru incb -0xe(%di) # Sector number 92129239Sru jmp main-LOAD+ORIGIN # To relocated code 93128722Sru 94128722Srumain: 95138048Sjhb#if defined(SIO) && COMSPEED != 0 96128723Sru/* 97130343Sphk * Initialize the serial port. bioscom preserves the driver number in DX. 98128723Sru */ 99130632Sphk movw COMSPEED,%ax # defined by Makefile 100130632Sphk callw bioscom 101138048Sjhb#endif 102128723Sru/* 103137298Skeramida * Check what flags were loaded with us, specifically if a predefined drive 104137298Skeramida * number should be used. If what the bios gives us is bad, use the '0' in 105137298Skeramida * the block instead. 106128723Sru */ 107129239Sru testb $0x20,_FLAGS(%bp) # Set number drive? 108129239Sru jnz main.1 # Yes 109129239Sru testb %dl,%dl # Drive number valid? 110129239Sru js main.2 # Possibly (0x80 set) 111129239Srumain.1: movb _SETDRV(%bp),%dl # Drive number to use 112128723Sru/* 113128723Sru * Whatever we decided to use, now store it into the fake 114128723Sru * partition entry that lives in the data space above us. 115128723Sru */ 116129239Srumain.2: movb %dl,_FAKE(%bp) # Save drive number 117129239Sru callw putn # To new line 118129239Sru pushw %dx # Save drive number 119128723Sru/* 120128723Sru * Start out with a pointer to the 4th byte of the first table entry 121137298Skeramida * so that after 4 iterations it's beyond the end of the sector 122128723Sru * and beyond a 256 byte boundary and has overflowed 8 bits (see next comment). 123137298Skeramida * Remember that the table starts 2 bytes earlier than you would expect 124137298Skeramida * as the bootable flag is after it in the block. 125128723Sru */ 126129239Sru movw $(partbl+0x4),%bx # Partition table (+4) 127129239Sru xorw %dx,%dx # Item number 128128723Sru/* 129128723Sru * Loop around on the partition table, printing values until we 130128723Sru * pass a 256 byte boundary. The end of loop test is at main.5. 131128723Sru */ 132129239Srumain.3: movb %ch,-0x4(%bx) # Zero active flag (ch == 0) 133129239Sru btw %dx,_FLAGS(%bp) # Entry enabled? 134129239Sru jnc main.5 # No 135128723Sru/* 136137298Skeramida * If any of the entries in the table are the same as the 'type' in the slice 137137298Skeramida * table entry, then this is an empty or non bootable partition. Skip it. 138128723Sru */ 139129239Sru movb (%bx),%al # Load type 140129239Sru movw $tables,%di # Lookup tables 141129239Sru movb $TBL0SZ,%cl # Number of entries 142129239Sru repne # Exclude 143129239Sru scasb # partition? 144129239Sru je main.5 # Yes 145128723Sru/* 146128723Sru * Now scan the table of known types 147128723Sru */ 148129239Sru movb $TBL1SZ,%cl # Number of entries 149129239Sru repne # Known 150129239Sru scasb # type? 151129239Sru jne main.4 # No 152128723Sru/* 153137298Skeramida * If it matches get the matching element in the next array. If it doesn't, 154137298Skeramida * we are already pointing at its first element which points to a "?". 155128723Sru */ 156129239Sru addw $TBL1SZ,%di # Adjust 157129239Srumain.4: movb (%di),%cl # Partition 158129239Sru addw %cx,%di # description 159129239Sru callw putx # Display it 160129239Srumain.5: incw %dx # Next item 161129239Sru addb $0x10,%bl # Next entry 162129239Sru jnc main.3 # Till done 163128723Sru/* 164137298Skeramida * Passed a 256 byte boundary; the table is finished. 165137298Skeramida * Add one to the drive number and check it is valid. 166128723Sru */ 167129239Sru popw %ax # Drive number 168129239Sru subb $0x80-0x1,%al # Does next 169129239Sru cmpb NHRDRV,%al # drive exist? (from BIOS?) 170129239Sru jb main.6 # Yes 171128723Sru/* 172137298Skeramida * If this is the only drive, don't display it as an option. 173128723Sru */ 174129239Sru decw %ax # Already drive 0? 175129239Sru jz main.7 # Yes 176128723Sru/* 177137298Skeramida * If it was illegal or we cycled through them, go back to drive 0. 178128723Sru */ 179129239Sru xorb %al,%al # Drive 0 180128723Sru/* 181137298Skeramida * Whatever drive we selected, make it an ascii digit and save it back to the 182137298Skeramida * "next drive" location in the loaded block in case we want to save it later 183137298Skeramida * for next time. This also is part of the printed drive string so add 0x80 184137298Skeramida * to indicate end of string. 185128723Sru */ 186129239Srumain.6: addb $'0'|0x80,%al # Save next 187129239Sru movb %al,_NXTDRV(%bp) # drive number 188129239Sru movw $drive,%di # Display 189129239Sru callw putx # item 190128723Sru/* 191128723Sru * Now that we've printed the drive (if we needed to), display a prompt. 192128723Sru */ 193129239Srumain.7: movw $prompt,%si # Display 194129239Sru callw putstr # prompt 195129239Sru movb _OPT(%bp),%dl # Display 196129239Sru decw %si # default 197129239Sru callw putkey # key 198130343Sphk/* 199130343Sphk * Start of input loop. Beep and take note of time 200130343Sphk */ 201130343Sphkmain.10: movb $ASCII_BEL,%al # Signal 202130343Sphk callw putchr # beep! 203129239Sru xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get 204129239Sru int $0x1a # system time 205129239Sru movw %dx,%di # Ticks when 206130343Sphk addw _TICKS(%bp),%di # timeout 207128723Sru/* 208137298Skeramida * Busy loop, looking for keystrokes but keeping one eye on the time. 209128723Sru */ 210128722Srumain.8: 211128722Sru#ifndef SIO 212129239Sru movb $0x1,%ah # BIOS: Check 213129239Sru int $0x16 # for keypress 214129239Sru jnz main.11 # Have one 215128722Sru#else /* SIO */ 216129239Sru movb $0x03,%ah # BIOS: Read COM 217130343Sphk call bioscom 218129239Sru testb $0x01,%ah # Check line status 219129239Sru jnz main.11 # (bit 1 indicates input) 220128722Sru#endif /* SIO */ 221129239Sru xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get 222129239Sru int $0x1a # system time 223129239Sru cmpw %di,%dx # Timeout? 224129239Sru jb main.8 # No 225128723Sru/* 226128723Sru * If timed out or defaulting, come here. 227128723Sru */ 228129239Srumain.9: movb _OPT(%bp),%al # Load default 229129239Sru jmp main.12 # Join common code 230128723Sru/* 231128723Sru * Get the keystroke. 232128723Sru */ 233128722Srumain.11: 234128722Sru#ifndef SIO 235129239Sru xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get 236129239Sru int $0x16 # keypress 237129239Sru movb %ah,%al # Scan code 238138048Sjhb#else 239129239Sru movb $0x02,%ah # BIOS: Receive 240130343Sphk call bioscom 241138048Sjhb#endif 242128723Sru/* 243128723Sru * If it's CR act as if timed out. 244128723Sru */ 245128722Sru#ifndef SIO 246129239Sru cmpb $KEY_ENTER,%al # Enter pressed? 247138048Sjhb#else 248129239Sru cmpb $ASCII_CR,%al # Enter pressed? 249138048Sjhb#endif 250129239Sru je main.9 # Yes 251128723Sru/* 252137298Skeramida * Otherwise check if legal. If not ask again. 253128723Sru */ 254128722Sru#ifndef SIO 255129239Sru subb $KEY_F1,%al # Less F1 scan code 256129239Sru cmpb $0x4,%al # F1..F5? 257129239Sru jna main.12 # Yes 258129239Sru subb $(KEY_1 - KEY_F1),%al # Less #1 scan code 259138048Sjhb#else 260129239Sru subb $'1',%al # Less '1' ascii character 261138048Sjhb#endif 262129239Sru cmpb $0x4,%al # #1..#5? 263129239Sru ja main.10 # No 264128723Sru/* 265137298Skeramida * We have a selection. If it's a bad selection go back to complain. 266128723Sru * The bits in MNUOPT were set when the options were printed. 267128723Sru * Anything not printed is not an option. 268128723Sru */ 269129239Srumain.12: cbtw # Option 270129239Sru btw %ax,_MNUOPT(%bp) # enabled? 271129239Sru jnc main.10 # No 272128723Sru/* 273128723Sru * Save the info in the original tables 274128723Sru * for rewriting to the disk. 275128723Sru */ 276129239Sru movb %al,_OPT(%bp) # Save option 277129239Sru movw $FAKE,%si # Partition for write 278129239Sru movb (%si),%dl # Drive number 279129239Sru movw %si,%bx # Partition for read 280129239Sru cmpb $0x4,%al # F5/#5 pressed? 281129239Sru pushf # Save 282129239Sru je main.13 # Yes 283129239Sru shlb $0x4,%al # Point to 284129239Sru addw $partbl,%ax # selected 285129239Sru xchgw %bx,%ax # partition 286129239Sru movb $0x80,(%bx) # Flag active 287128723Sru/* 288128723Sru * If not asked to do a write-back (flags 0x40) don't do one. 289128723Sru */ 290129239Srumain.13: pushw %bx # Save 291129239Sru testb $0x40,_FLAGS(%bp) # No updates? 292129239Sru jnz main.14 # Yes 293129239Sru movw $start,%bx # Data to write 294129239Sru movb $0x3,%ah # Write sector 295129239Sru callw intx13 # to disk 296129239Srumain.14: popw %si # Restore 297129239Sru popf # Restore 298128723Sru/* 299128723Sru * If going to next drive, replace drive with selected one. 300128723Sru * Remember to un-ascii it. Hey 0x80 is already set, cool! 301128723Sru */ 302129239Sru jne main.15 # If not F5/#5 303129239Sru movb _NXTDRV(%bp),%dl # Next drive 304129239Sru subb $'0',%dl # number 305128723Sru/* 306137298Skeramida * Load selected bootsector to the LOAD location in RAM. 307137298Skeramida * If it fails to read or isn't marked bootable, treat it as a bad selection. 308137298Skeramida * XXX: What does %si carry? 309128723Sru */ 310129239Srumain.15: movw $LOAD,%bx # Address for read 311129239Sru movb $0x2,%ah # Read sector 312129239Sru callw intx13 # from disk 313129239Sru jc main.10 # If error 314129239Sru cmpw $MAGIC,0x1fe(%bx) # Bootable? 315129239Sru jne main.10 # No 316129239Sru pushw %si # Save 317129239Sru movw $crlf,%si # Leave some 318129239Sru callw puts # space 319129239Sru popw %si # Restore 320129239Sru jmp *%bx # Invoke bootstrap 321128722Sru 322128723Sru/* 323128723Sru * Display routines 324128723Sru */ 325128722Sruputkey: 326128722Sru#ifndef SIO 327129239Sru movb $'F',%al # Display 328129239Sru callw putchr # 'F' 329138048Sjhb#endif 330129239Sru movb $'1',%al # Prepare 331129239Sru addb %dl,%al # digit 332129239Sru jmp putstr.1 # Display the rest 333128722Sru 334128723Sru/* 335128723Sru * Display the option and note that it is a valid option. 336128723Sru * That last point is a bit tricky.. 337128723Sru */ 338129239Sruputx: btsw %dx,_MNUOPT(%bp) # Enable menu option 339129239Sru movw $item,%si # Display 340129239Sru callw putkey # key 341129239Sru movw %di,%si # Display the rest 342128722Sru 343129239Sruputs: callw putstr # Display string 344128722Sru 345129239Sruputn: movw $crlf,%si # To next line 346128722Sru 347129239Sruputstr: lodsb # Get byte 348129239Sru testb $0x80,%al # End of string? 349129239Sru jnz putstr.2 # Yes 350129239Sruputstr.1: callw putchr # Display char 351129239Sru jmp putstr # Continue 352129239Sruputstr.2: andb $~0x80,%al # Clear MSB 353128722Sru 354130343Sphk#ifndef SIO 355128722Sruputchr: 356129239Sru pushw %bx # Save 357129239Sru movw $0x7,%bx # Page:attribute 358129239Sru movb $0xe,%ah # BIOS: Display 359129239Sru int $0x10 # character 360129239Sru popw %bx # Restore 361130343Sphk retw # To caller 362128722Sru#else /* SIO */ 363130343Sphkputchr: 364130343Sphk movb $0x01,%ah # BIOS: Send 365130343Sphkbioscom: 366129239Sru pushw %dx # Save 367129239Sru xorw %dx,%dx # Use COM1 368129239Sru int $0x14 # Character 369129239Sru popw %dx # Restore 370130343Sphk retw # To caller 371128722Sru#endif /* SIO */ 372128722Sru 373128723Sru/* One-sector disk I/O routine */ 374128722Sru 375129239Sruintx13: movb 0x1(%si),%dh # Load head 376129239Sru movw 0x2(%si),%cx # Load cylinder:sector 377129239Sru movb $0x1,%al # Sector count 378129239Sru pushw %si # Save 379129239Sru movw %sp,%di # Save 380129239Sru testb $0x80,_FLAGS(%bp) # Use packet interface? 381129239Sru jz intx13.1 # No 382129239Sru pushl $0x0 # Set the 383129239Sru pushl 0x8(%si) # LBA address 384129239Sru pushw %es # Set the transfer 385129239Sru pushw %bx # buffer address 386129239Sru push $0x1 # Block count 387129239Sru push $0x10 # Packet size 388129239Sru movw %sp,%si # Packet pointer 389129239Sru decw %ax # Verify off 390129239Sru orb $0x40,%ah # Use disk packet 391129239Sruintx13.1: int $0x13 # BIOS: Disk I/O 392129239Sru movw %di,%sp # Restore 393129239Sru popw %si # Restore 394129239Sru retw # To caller 395128722Sru 396128723Sru/* Menu strings */ 397128722Sru 398128722Sruitem: .ascii " "; .byte ' '|0x80 399128722Sruprompt: .ascii "\nDefault:"; .byte ' '|0x80 400128722Srucrlf: .ascii "\r"; .byte '\n'|0x80 401128722Sru 402128723Sru/* Partition type tables */ 403128722Sru 404128722Srutables: 405128723Sru/* 406128723Sru * These entries identify invalid or NON BOOT types and partitions. 407128723Sru */ 408128722Sru .byte 0x0, 0x5, 0xf 409128723Sru/* 410137298Skeramida * These values indicate bootable types we know the names of. 411128723Sru */ 412128722Sru .byte 0x1, 0x4, 0x6, 0xb, 0xc, 0xe, 0x83 413128722Sru .byte 0x9f, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa9 414128723Sru/* 415128723Sru * These are offsets that match the known names above and point to the strings 416128723Sru * that will be printed. 417128723Sru */ 418129239Sru .byte os_misc-. # Unknown 419129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # DOS 420129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # DOS 421129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # DOS 422129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # Windows 423129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # Windows 424129239Sru .byte os_dos-. # Windows 425129239Sru .byte os_linux-. # Linux 426129239Sru .byte os_bsd-. # BSD/OS 427129239Sru .byte os_freebsd-. # FreeBSD 428129239Sru .byte os_bsd-. # OpenBSD 429129239Sru .byte os_bsd-. # NetBSD 430128723Sru/* 431128723Sru * And here are the strings themselves. 0x80 or'd into a byte indicates 432128723Sru * the end of the string. (not so great for Russians but...) 433128723Sru */ 434128722Sruos_misc: .ascii "?"; .byte '?'|0x80 435128722Sruos_dos: .ascii "DO"; .byte 'S'|0x80 436128722Sruos_linux: .ascii "Linu"; .byte 'x'|0x80 437128722Sruos_freebsd: .ascii "Free" 438128722Sruos_bsd: .ascii "BS"; .byte 'D'|0x80 439128722Sru 440128722Sru .org PRT_OFF-0xe,0x90 441128722Sru 442129239Sru .word B0MAGIC # Magic number 443128722Sru 444128723Sru/* 445128723Sru * These values are sometimes changed before writing back to the drive 446128723Sru * Be especially careful that nxtdrv: must come after drive:, as it 447128723Sru * is part of the same string. 448128723Sru */ 449128722Srudrive: .ascii "Drive " 450129239Srunxtdrv: .byte 0x0 # Next drive number 451129239Sruopt: .byte 0x0 # Option 452129239Srusetdrv: .byte 0x80 # Drive to force 453129239Sruflags: .byte FLAGS # Flags 454129239Sruticks: .word TICKS # Delay 455128722Sru 456128723Sru/* 457137298Skeramida * Here is the 64 byte partition table that fdisk would fiddle with. 458128723Sru */ 459129239Srupartbl: .fill 0x40,0x1,0x0 # Partition table 460129239Sru .word MAGIC # Magic number 461