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.tr \(*W- . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\}
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. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] .\} . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents . \" corrections for vroff . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} ========================================================================

Title "DGST 1" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
way too many mistakes in technical documents.
openssl-dgst, dgst, sha, sha1, mdc2, ripemd160, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, md2, md4, md5, dss1 - message digests Header "SYNOPSIS" \fBopenssl dgst [-sha|-sha1|-mdc2|-ripemd160|-sha224|-sha256|-sha384|-sha512|-md2|-md4|-md5|-dss1] [-c] [-d] [-hex] [-binary] [-r] [-non-fips-allow] [-out filename] [-sign filename] [-keyform arg] [-passin arg] [-verify filename] [-prverify filename] [-signature filename] [-hmac key] [-non-fips-allow] [-fips-fingerprint] [file...]

\fBopenssl [digest] [...]

Header "DESCRIPTION" The digest functions output the message digest of a supplied file or files in hexadecimal. The digest functions also generate and verify digital signatures using message digests. Header "OPTIONS" Item "-c" print out the digest in two digit groups separated by colons, only relevant if \fBhex format output is used. Item "-d" print out \s-1BIO\s0 debugging information. Item "-hex" digest is to be output as a hex dump. This is the default case for a \*(L"normal\*(R" digest as opposed to a digital signature. See \s-1NOTES\s0 below for digital signatures using -hex. Item "-binary" output the digest or signature in binary form. Item "-r" output the digest in the \*(L"coreutils\*(R" format used by programs like sha1sum. Item "-non-fips-allow" Allow use of non \s-1FIPS\s0 digest when in \s-1FIPS\s0 mode. This has no effect when not in \s-1FIPS\s0 mode. Item "-out filename" filename to output to, or standard output by default. Item "-sign filename" digitally sign the digest using the private key in \*(L"filename\*(R". Item "-keyform arg" Specifies the key format to sign digest with. The \s-1DER, PEM, P12,\s0 and \s-1ENGINE\s0 formats are supported. Item "-engine id" Use engine id for operations (including private key storage). This engine is not used as source for digest algorithms, unless it is also specified in the configuration file. Item "-sigopt nm:v" Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign or verify operations. Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific. Item "-passin arg" the private key password source. For more information about the format of arg see the \s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0 section in openssl\|(1). Item "-verify filename" verify the signature using the public key in \*(L"filename\*(R". The output is either \*(L"Verification \s-1OK\*(R"\s0 or \*(L"Verification Failure\*(R". Item "-prverify filename" verify the signature using the private key in \*(L"filename\*(R". Item "-signature filename" the actual signature to verify. Item "-hmac key" create a hashed \s-1MAC\s0 using \*(L"key\*(R". Item "-mac alg" create \s-1MAC \s0(keyed Message Authentication Code). The most popular \s-1MAC\s0 algorithm is \s-1HMAC \s0(hash-based \s-1MAC\s0), but there are other \s-1MAC\s0 algorithms which are not based on hash, for instance gost-mac algorithm, supported by ccgost engine. \s-1MAC\s0 keys and other options should be set via -macopt parameter. Item "-macopt nm:v" Passes options to \s-1MAC\s0 algorithm, specified by -mac key. Following options are supported by both by \s-1HMAC\s0 and gost-mac: Item "-rand file(s)" a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an \s-1EGD\s0 socket (see RAND_egd\|(3)). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others. Item "-non-fips-allow" enable use of non-FIPS algorithms such as \s-1MD5\s0 even in \s-1FIPS\s0 mode. Item "-fips-fingerprint" compute \s-1HMAC\s0 using a specific key for certain OpenSSL-FIPS operations. Item "file..." file or files to digest. If no files are specified then standard input is used. Header "EXAMPLES" To create a hex-encoded message digest of a file: openssl dgst -md5 -hex file.txt

To sign a file using \s-1SHA-256\s0 with binary file output: openssl dgst -sha256 -sign privatekey.pem -out signature.sign file.txt

To verify a signature: openssl dgst -sha256 -verify publickey.pem \e -signature signature.sign \e file.txt

Header "NOTES" The digest of choice for all new applications is \s-1SHA1.\s0 Other digests are however still widely used.

When signing a file, dgst will automatically determine the algorithm (\s-1RSA, ECC,\s0 etc) to use for signing based on the private key's \s-1ASN.1\s0 info. When verifying signatures, it only handles the \s-1RSA, DSA,\s0 or \s-1ECDSA\s0 signature itself, not the related data to identify the signer and algorithm used in formats such as x.509, \s-1CMS,\s0 and S/MIME.

A source of random numbers is required for certain signing algorithms, in particular \s-1ECDSA\s0 and \s-1DSA.\s0

The signing and verify options should only be used if a single file is being signed or verified.

Hex signatures cannot be verified using openssl. Instead, use \*(L"xxd -r\*(R" or similar program to transform the hex signature into a binary signature prior to verification.