init.c revision 346479
1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 *    without specific prior written permission.
19 *
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30 * SUCH DAMAGE.
31 */
32
33#ifndef lint
34static const char copyright[] =
35"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
36	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
37#endif /* not lint */
38
39#ifndef lint
40#if 0
41static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";
42#endif
43static const char rcsid[] =
44  "$FreeBSD: stable/11/sbin/init/init.c 346479 2019-04-21 04:00:19Z kevans $";
45#endif /* not lint */
46
47#include <sys/param.h>
48#include <sys/ioctl.h>
49#include <sys/mman.h>
50#include <sys/mount.h>
51#include <sys/sysctl.h>
52#include <sys/wait.h>
53#include <sys/stat.h>
54#include <sys/uio.h>
55
56#include <db.h>
57#include <errno.h>
58#include <fcntl.h>
59#include <kenv.h>
60#include <libutil.h>
61#include <paths.h>
62#include <signal.h>
63#include <stdio.h>
64#include <stdlib.h>
65#include <string.h>
66#include <syslog.h>
67#include <time.h>
68#include <ttyent.h>
69#include <unistd.h>
70#include <sys/reboot.h>
71#include <err.h>
72
73#include <stdarg.h>
74
75#ifdef SECURE
76#include <pwd.h>
77#endif
78
79#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
80#include <login_cap.h>
81#endif
82
83#include "mntopts.h"
84#include "pathnames.h"
85
86/*
87 * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
88 */
89#define	GETTY_SPACING		 5	/* N secs minimum getty spacing */
90#define	GETTY_SLEEP		30	/* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
91#define	GETTY_NSPACE		 3	/* max. spacing count to bring reaction */
92#define	WINDOW_WAIT		 3	/* wait N secs after starting window */
93#define	STALL_TIMEOUT		30	/* wait N secs after warning */
94#define	DEATH_WATCH		10	/* wait N secs for procs to die */
95#define	DEATH_SCRIPT		120	/* wait for 2min for /etc/rc.shutdown */
96#define	RESOURCE_RC		"daemon"
97#define	RESOURCE_WINDOW		"default"
98#define	RESOURCE_GETTY		"default"
99
100static void handle(sig_t, ...);
101static void delset(sigset_t *, ...);
102
103static void stall(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
104static void warning(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
105static void emergency(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
106static void disaster(int);
107static void badsys(int);
108static void revoke_ttys(void);
109static int  runshutdown(void);
110static char *strk(char *);
111
112/*
113 * We really need a recursive typedef...
114 * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
115 * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
116 */
117typedef long (*state_func_t)(void);
118typedef state_func_t (*state_t)(void);
119
120static state_func_t single_user(void);
121static state_func_t runcom(void);
122static state_func_t read_ttys(void);
123static state_func_t multi_user(void);
124static state_func_t clean_ttys(void);
125static state_func_t catatonia(void);
126static state_func_t death(void);
127static state_func_t death_single(void);
128static state_func_t reroot(void);
129static state_func_t reroot_phase_two(void);
130
131static state_func_t run_script(const char *);
132
133static enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
134#define FALSE	0
135#define TRUE	1
136
137static int Reboot = FALSE;
138static int howto = RB_AUTOBOOT;
139
140static int devfs;
141static char *init_path_argv0;
142
143static void transition(state_t);
144static state_t requested_transition;
145static state_t current_state = death_single;
146
147static void open_console(void);
148static const char *get_shell(void);
149static void replace_init(char *path);
150static void write_stderr(const char *message);
151
152typedef struct init_session {
153	pid_t	se_process;		/* controlling process */
154	time_t	se_started;		/* used to avoid thrashing */
155	int	se_flags;		/* status of session */
156#define	SE_SHUTDOWN	0x1		/* session won't be restarted */
157#define	SE_PRESENT	0x2		/* session is in /etc/ttys */
158#define	SE_IFEXISTS	0x4		/* session defined as "onifexists" */
159#define	SE_IFCONSOLE	0x8		/* session defined as "onifconsole" */
160	int	se_nspace;		/* spacing count */
161	char	*se_device;		/* filename of port */
162	char	*se_getty;		/* what to run on that port */
163	char	*se_getty_argv_space;   /* pre-parsed argument array space */
164	char	**se_getty_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
165	char	*se_window;		/* window system (started only once) */
166	char	*se_window_argv_space;  /* pre-parsed argument array space */
167	char	**se_window_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
168	char	*se_type;		/* default terminal type */
169	struct	init_session *se_prev;
170	struct	init_session *se_next;
171} session_t;
172
173static void free_session(session_t *);
174static session_t *new_session(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
175static session_t *sessions;
176
177static char **construct_argv(char *);
178static void start_window_system(session_t *);
179static void collect_child(pid_t);
180static pid_t start_getty(session_t *);
181static void transition_handler(int);
182static void alrm_handler(int);
183static void setsecuritylevel(int);
184static int getsecuritylevel(void);
185static int setupargv(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
186#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
187static void setprocresources(const char *);
188#endif
189static int clang;
190
191static int start_session_db(void);
192static void add_session(session_t *);
193static void del_session(session_t *);
194static session_t *find_session(pid_t);
195static DB *session_db;
196
197/*
198 * The mother of all processes.
199 */
200int
201main(int argc, char *argv[])
202{
203	state_t initial_transition = runcom;
204	char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
205	int c, error;
206	struct sigaction sa;
207	sigset_t mask;
208
209	/* Dispose of random users. */
210	if (getuid() != 0)
211		errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
212
213	/* System V users like to reexec init. */
214	if (getpid() != 1) {
215#ifdef COMPAT_SYSV_INIT
216		/* So give them what they want */
217		if (argc > 1) {
218			if (strlen(argv[1]) == 1) {
219				char runlevel = *argv[1];
220				int sig;
221
222				switch (runlevel) {
223				case '0': /* halt + poweroff */
224					sig = SIGUSR2;
225					break;
226				case '1': /* single-user */
227					sig = SIGTERM;
228					break;
229				case '6': /* reboot */
230					sig = SIGINT;
231					break;
232				case 'c': /* block further logins */
233					sig = SIGTSTP;
234					break;
235				case 'q': /* rescan /etc/ttys */
236					sig = SIGHUP;
237					break;
238				case 'r': /* remount root */
239					sig = SIGEMT;
240					break;
241				default:
242					goto invalid;
243				}
244				kill(1, sig);
245				_exit(0);
246			} else
247invalid:
248				errx(1, "invalid run-level ``%s''", argv[1]);
249		} else
250#endif
251			errx(1, "already running");
252	}
253
254	init_path_argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
255	if (init_path_argv0 == NULL)
256		err(1, "strdup");
257
258	/*
259	 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
260	 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
261	 */
262	openlog("init", LOG_CONS, LOG_AUTH);
263
264	/*
265	 * Create an initial session.
266	 */
267	if (setsid() < 0 && (errno != EPERM || getsid(0) != 1))
268		warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
269
270	/*
271	 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
272	 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
273	 */
274	if (setlogin("root") < 0)
275		warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
276
277	/*
278	 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
279	 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
280	 */
281	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dsfr")) != -1)
282		switch (c) {
283		case 'd':
284			devfs = 1;
285			break;
286		case 's':
287			initial_transition = single_user;
288			break;
289		case 'f':
290			runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
291			break;
292		case 'r':
293			initial_transition = reroot_phase_two;
294			break;
295		default:
296			warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
297			break;
298		}
299
300	if (optind != argc)
301		warning("ignoring excess arguments");
302
303	/*
304	 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
305	 * so that they get reset on exec.
306	 */
307	handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
308	handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGXCPU,
309	    SIGXFSZ, 0);
310	handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
311	    SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, 0);
312	handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
313	sigfillset(&mask);
314	delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
315	    SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
316	    SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, 0);
317	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
318	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
319	sa.sa_flags = 0;
320	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
321	sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
322	sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
323
324	/*
325	 * Paranoia.
326	 */
327	close(0);
328	close(1);
329	close(2);
330
331	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_exec", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
332		replace_init(kenv_value);
333		_exit(0); /* reboot */
334	}
335
336	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_script", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
337		state_func_t next_transition;
338
339		if ((next_transition = run_script(kenv_value)) != NULL)
340			initial_transition = (state_t) next_transition;
341	}
342
343	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_chroot", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
344		if (chdir(kenv_value) != 0 || chroot(".") != 0)
345			warning("Can't chroot to %s: %m", kenv_value);
346	}
347
348	/*
349	 * Additional check if devfs needs to be mounted:
350	 * If "/" and "/dev" have the same device number,
351	 * then it hasn't been mounted yet.
352	 */
353	if (!devfs) {
354		struct stat stst;
355		dev_t root_devno;
356
357		stat("/", &stst);
358		root_devno = stst.st_dev;
359		if (stat("/dev", &stst) != 0)
360			warning("Can't stat /dev: %m");
361		else if (stst.st_dev == root_devno)
362			devfs++;
363	}
364
365	if (devfs) {
366		struct iovec iov[4];
367		char *s;
368		int i;
369
370		char _fstype[]	= "fstype";
371		char _devfs[]	= "devfs";
372		char _fspath[]	= "fspath";
373		char _path_dev[]= _PATH_DEV;
374
375		iov[0].iov_base = _fstype;
376		iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(_fstype);
377		iov[1].iov_base = _devfs;
378		iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(_devfs);
379		iov[2].iov_base = _fspath;
380		iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(_fspath);
381		/*
382		 * Try to avoid the trailing slash in _PATH_DEV.
383		 * Be *very* defensive.
384		 */
385		s = strdup(_PATH_DEV);
386		if (s != NULL) {
387			i = strlen(s);
388			if (i > 0 && s[i - 1] == '/')
389				s[i - 1] = '\0';
390			iov[3].iov_base = s;
391			iov[3].iov_len = strlen(s) + 1;
392		} else {
393			iov[3].iov_base = _path_dev;
394			iov[3].iov_len = sizeof(_path_dev);
395		}
396		nmount(iov, 4, 0);
397		if (s != NULL)
398			free(s);
399	}
400
401	if (initial_transition != reroot_phase_two) {
402		/*
403		 * Unmount reroot leftovers.  This runs after init(8)
404		 * gets reexecuted after reroot_phase_two() is done.
405		 */
406		error = unmount(_PATH_REROOT, MNT_FORCE);
407		if (error != 0 && errno != EINVAL)
408			warning("Cannot unmount %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT);
409	}
410
411	/*
412	 * Start the state machine.
413	 */
414	transition(initial_transition);
415
416	/*
417	 * Should never reach here.
418	 */
419	return 1;
420}
421
422/*
423 * Associate a function with a signal handler.
424 */
425static void
426handle(sig_t handler, ...)
427{
428	int sig;
429	struct sigaction sa;
430	sigset_t mask_everything;
431	va_list ap;
432	va_start(ap, handler);
433
434	sa.sa_handler = handler;
435	sigfillset(&mask_everything);
436
437	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
438		sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
439		/* XXX SA_RESTART? */
440		sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
441		sigaction(sig, &sa, (struct sigaction *) 0);
442	}
443	va_end(ap);
444}
445
446/*
447 * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
448 */
449static void
450delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
451{
452	int sig;
453	va_list ap;
454	va_start(ap, maskp);
455
456	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
457		sigdelset(maskp, sig);
458	va_end(ap);
459}
460
461/*
462 * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
463 * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
464 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
465 */
466static void
467stall(const char *message, ...)
468{
469	va_list ap;
470	va_start(ap, message);
471
472	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
473	va_end(ap);
474	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
475}
476
477/*
478 * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
479 * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
480 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
481 */
482static void
483warning(const char *message, ...)
484{
485	va_list ap;
486	va_start(ap, message);
487
488	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
489	va_end(ap);
490}
491
492/*
493 * Log an emergency message.
494 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
495 */
496static void
497emergency(const char *message, ...)
498{
499	va_list ap;
500	va_start(ap, message);
501
502	vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
503	va_end(ap);
504}
505
506/*
507 * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
508 *
509 * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
510 * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
511 */
512static void
513badsys(int sig)
514{
515	static int badcount = 0;
516
517	if (badcount++ < 25)
518		return;
519	disaster(sig);
520}
521
522/*
523 * Catch an unexpected signal.
524 */
525static void
526disaster(int sig)
527{
528
529	emergency("fatal signal: %s",
530	    (unsigned)sig < NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
531
532	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
533	_exit(sig);		/* reboot */
534}
535
536/*
537 * Get the security level of the kernel.
538 */
539static int
540getsecuritylevel(void)
541{
542#ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
543	int name[2], curlevel;
544	size_t len;
545
546	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
547	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
548	len = sizeof curlevel;
549	if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
550		emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
551		    strerror(errno));
552		return (-1);
553	}
554	return (curlevel);
555#else
556	return (-1);
557#endif
558}
559
560/*
561 * Set the security level of the kernel.
562 */
563static void
564setsecuritylevel(int newlevel)
565{
566#ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
567	int name[2], curlevel;
568
569	curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
570	if (newlevel == curlevel)
571		return;
572	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
573	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
574	if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
575		emergency(
576		    "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
577		    curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
578		return;
579	}
580#ifdef SECURE
581	warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
582	    curlevel, newlevel);
583#endif
584#endif
585}
586
587/*
588 * Change states in the finite state machine.
589 * The initial state is passed as an argument.
590 */
591static void
592transition(state_t s)
593{
594
595	current_state = s;
596	for (;;)
597		current_state = (state_t) (*current_state)();
598}
599
600/*
601 * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
602 * Only called by children of init after forking.
603 */
604static void
605open_console(void)
606{
607	int fd;
608
609	/*
610	 * Try to open /dev/console.  Open the device with O_NONBLOCK to
611	 * prevent potential blocking on a carrier.
612	 */
613	revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
614	if ((fd = open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)) != -1) {
615		(void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & ~O_NONBLOCK);
616		if (login_tty(fd) == 0)
617			return;
618		close(fd);
619	}
620
621	/* No luck.  Log output to file if possible. */
622	if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
623		stall("cannot open null device.");
624		_exit(1);
625	}
626	if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
627		dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
628		close(fd);
629	}
630	fd = open(_PATH_INITLOG, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644);
631	if (fd == -1)
632		dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
633	else if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
634		dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
635		close(fd);
636	}
637	dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
638}
639
640static const char *
641get_shell(void)
642{
643	static char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
644
645	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_shell", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0)
646		return kenv_value;
647	else
648		return _PATH_BSHELL;
649}
650
651static void
652write_stderr(const char *message)
653{
654
655	write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
656}
657
658static int
659read_file(const char *path, void **bufp, size_t *bufsizep)
660{
661	struct stat sb;
662	size_t bufsize;
663	void *buf;
664	ssize_t nbytes;
665	int error, fd;
666
667	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
668	if (fd < 0) {
669		emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
670		return (-1);
671	}
672
673	error = fstat(fd, &sb);
674	if (error != 0) {
675		emergency("fstat: %s", strerror(errno));
676		close(fd);
677		return (error);
678	}
679
680	bufsize = sb.st_size;
681	buf = malloc(bufsize);
682	if (buf == NULL) {
683		emergency("malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
684		close(fd);
685		return (error);
686	}
687
688	nbytes = read(fd, buf, bufsize);
689	if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
690		emergency("read: %s", strerror(errno));
691		close(fd);
692		free(buf);
693		return (error);
694	}
695
696	error = close(fd);
697	if (error != 0) {
698		emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
699		free(buf);
700		return (error);
701	}
702
703	*bufp = buf;
704	*bufsizep = bufsize;
705
706	return (0);
707}
708
709static int
710create_file(const char *path, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
711{
712	ssize_t nbytes;
713	int error, fd;
714
715	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0700);
716	if (fd < 0) {
717		emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
718		return (-1);
719	}
720
721	nbytes = write(fd, buf, bufsize);
722	if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
723		emergency("write: %s", strerror(errno));
724		close(fd);
725		return (-1);
726	}
727
728	error = close(fd);
729	if (error != 0) {
730		emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
731		return (-1);
732	}
733
734	return (0);
735}
736
737static int
738mount_tmpfs(const char *fspath)
739{
740	struct iovec *iov;
741	char errmsg[255];
742	int error, iovlen;
743
744	iov = NULL;
745	iovlen = 0;
746	memset(errmsg, 0, sizeof(errmsg));
747	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fstype",
748	    __DECONST(void *, "tmpfs"), (size_t)-1);
749	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fspath",
750	    __DECONST(void *, fspath), (size_t)-1);
751	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "errmsg",
752	    errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
753
754	error = nmount(iov, iovlen, 0);
755	if (error != 0) {
756		if (*errmsg != '\0') {
757			emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s: %s",
758			    fspath, errmsg, strerror(errno));
759		} else {
760			emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s",
761			    fspath, strerror(errno));
762		}
763		return (error);
764	}
765	return (0);
766}
767
768static state_func_t
769reroot(void)
770{
771	void *buf;
772	size_t bufsize;
773	int error;
774
775	buf = NULL;
776	bufsize = 0;
777
778	revoke_ttys();
779	runshutdown();
780
781	/*
782	 * Make sure nobody can interfere with our scheme.
783	 * Ignore ESRCH, which can apparently happen when
784	 * there are no processes to kill.
785	 */
786	error = kill(-1, SIGKILL);
787	if (error != 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
788		emergency("kill(2) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
789		goto out;
790	}
791
792	/*
793	 * Copy the init binary into tmpfs, so that we can unmount
794	 * the old rootfs without committing suicide.
795	 */
796	error = read_file(init_path_argv0, &buf, &bufsize);
797	if (error != 0)
798		goto out;
799	error = mount_tmpfs(_PATH_REROOT);
800	if (error != 0)
801		goto out;
802	error = create_file(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, buf, bufsize);
803	if (error != 0)
804		goto out;
805
806	/*
807	 * Execute the temporary init.
808	 */
809	execl(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, _PATH_REROOT_INIT, "-r", NULL);
810	emergency("cannot exec %s: %s", _PATH_REROOT_INIT, strerror(errno));
811
812out:
813	emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
814	free(buf);
815	return (state_func_t) single_user;
816}
817
818static state_func_t
819reroot_phase_two(void)
820{
821	char init_path[PATH_MAX], *path, *path_component;
822	size_t init_path_len;
823	int nbytes, error;
824
825	/*
826	 * Ask the kernel to mount the new rootfs.
827	 */
828	error = reboot(RB_REROOT);
829	if (error != 0) {
830		emergency("RB_REBOOT failed: %s", strerror(errno));
831		goto out;
832	}
833
834	/*
835	 * Figure out where the destination init(8) binary is.  Note that
836	 * the path could be different than what we've started with.  Use
837	 * the value from kenv, if set, or the one from sysctl otherwise.
838	 * The latter defaults to a hardcoded value, but can be overridden
839	 * by a build time option.
840	 */
841	nbytes = kenv(KENV_GET, "init_path", init_path, sizeof(init_path));
842	if (nbytes <= 0) {
843		init_path_len = sizeof(init_path);
844		error = sysctlbyname("kern.init_path",
845		    init_path, &init_path_len, NULL, 0);
846		if (error != 0) {
847			emergency("failed to retrieve kern.init_path: %s",
848			    strerror(errno));
849			goto out;
850		}
851	}
852
853	/*
854	 * Repeat the init search logic from sys/kern/init_path.c
855	 */
856	path_component = init_path;
857	while ((path = strsep(&path_component, ":")) != NULL) {
858		/*
859		 * Execute init(8) from the new rootfs.
860		 */
861		execl(path, path, NULL);
862	}
863	emergency("cannot exec init from %s: %s", init_path, strerror(errno));
864
865out:
866	emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
867	return (state_func_t) single_user;
868}
869
870/*
871 * Bring the system up single user.
872 */
873static state_func_t
874single_user(void)
875{
876	pid_t pid, wpid;
877	int status;
878	sigset_t mask;
879	const char *shell;
880	char *argv[2];
881	struct timeval tv, tn;
882#ifdef SECURE
883	struct ttyent *typ;
884	struct passwd *pp;
885	static const char banner[] =
886		"Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
887	char *clear, *password;
888#endif
889#ifdef DEBUGSHELL
890	char altshell[128];
891#endif
892
893	if (Reboot) {
894		/* Instead of going single user, let's reboot the machine */
895		sync();
896		if (reboot(howto) == -1) {
897			emergency("reboot(%#x) failed, %s", howto,
898			    strerror(errno));
899			_exit(1); /* panic and reboot */
900		}
901		warning("reboot(%#x) returned", howto);
902		_exit(0); /* panic as well */
903	}
904
905	shell = get_shell();
906
907	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
908		/*
909		 * Start the single user session.
910		 */
911		open_console();
912
913#ifdef SECURE
914		/*
915		 * Check the root password.
916		 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
917		 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
918		 */
919		typ = getttynam("console");
920		pp = getpwnam("root");
921		if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 &&
922		    pp && *pp->pw_passwd) {
923			write_stderr(banner);
924			for (;;) {
925				clear = getpass("Password:");
926				if (clear == NULL || *clear == '\0')
927					_exit(0);
928				password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
929				bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
930				if (password == NULL ||
931				    strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
932					break;
933				warning("single-user login failed\n");
934			}
935		}
936		endttyent();
937		endpwent();
938#endif /* SECURE */
939
940#ifdef DEBUGSHELL
941		{
942			char *cp = altshell;
943			int num;
944
945#define	SHREQUEST "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for "
946			write_stderr(SHREQUEST);
947			write_stderr(shell);
948			write_stderr(": ");
949			while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
950			    num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
951				cp++;
952			*cp = '\0';
953			if (altshell[0] != '\0')
954				shell = altshell;
955		}
956#endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
957
958		/*
959		 * Unblock signals.
960		 * We catch all the interesting ones,
961		 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
962		 */
963		sigemptyset(&mask);
964		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
965
966		/*
967		 * Fire off a shell.
968		 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
969		 */
970
971		char name[] = "-sh";
972
973		argv[0] = name;
974		argv[1] = NULL;
975		execv(shell, argv);
976		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
977		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
978		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
979		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
980		_exit(1);
981	}
982
983	if (pid == -1) {
984		/*
985		 * We are seriously hosed.  Do our best.
986		 */
987		emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
988		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
989			continue;
990		return (state_func_t) single_user;
991	}
992
993	requested_transition = 0;
994	do {
995		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
996			collect_child(wpid);
997		if (wpid == -1) {
998			if (errno == EINTR)
999				continue;
1000			warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
1001			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1002		}
1003		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1004			warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
1005			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
1006			wpid = -1;
1007		}
1008	} while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
1009
1010	if (requested_transition)
1011		return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1012
1013	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1014		if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
1015			/*
1016			 *  reboot(8) killed shell?
1017			 */
1018			warning("single user shell terminated.");
1019			gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1020			tn = tv;
1021			tv.tv_sec += STALL_TIMEOUT;
1022			while (tv.tv_sec > tn.tv_sec || (tv.tv_sec ==
1023			    tn.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec > tn.tv_usec)) {
1024				sleep(1);
1025				gettimeofday(&tn, NULL);
1026			}
1027			_exit(0);
1028		} else {
1029			warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
1030			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1031		}
1032	}
1033
1034	runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
1035	return (state_func_t) runcom;
1036}
1037
1038/*
1039 * Run the system startup script.
1040 */
1041static state_func_t
1042runcom(void)
1043{
1044	state_func_t next_transition;
1045
1046	if ((next_transition = run_script(_PATH_RUNCOM)) != NULL)
1047		return next_transition;
1048
1049	runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;		/* the default */
1050	return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
1051}
1052
1053/*
1054 * Execute binary, replacing init(8) as PID 1.
1055 */
1056static void
1057replace_init(char *path)
1058{
1059	char *argv[3];
1060	char sh[] = "sh";
1061
1062	argv[0] = sh;
1063	argv[1] = path;
1064	argv[2] = NULL;
1065
1066	execute_script(argv);
1067}
1068
1069/*
1070 * Run a shell script.
1071 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise the next transition to enter:
1072 *  - single_user if fork/execv/waitpid failed, or if the script
1073 *    terminated with a signal or exit code != 0.
1074 *  - death_single if a SIGTERM was delivered to init(8).
1075 */
1076static state_func_t
1077run_script(const char *script)
1078{
1079	pid_t pid, wpid;
1080	int error, status;
1081	char *argv[4];
1082	const char *shell;
1083	struct sigaction sa;
1084
1085	shell = get_shell();
1086
1087	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1088		sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1089		sa.sa_flags = 0;
1090		sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1091		sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1092		sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1093
1094		open_console();
1095
1096		char _sh[]		= "sh";
1097		char _autoboot[]	= "autoboot";
1098
1099		argv[0] = _sh;
1100		argv[1] = __DECONST(char *, script);
1101		argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? _autoboot : 0;
1102		argv[3] = NULL;
1103
1104		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1105
1106#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1107		setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1108#endif
1109
1110		/*
1111		 * Try to directly execute the script first.  If it
1112		 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1113		 * to sh(1).  Don't complain if it fails because of
1114		 * the missing execute bit.
1115		 */
1116		error = access(script, X_OK);
1117		if (error == 0) {
1118			execv(script, argv + 1);
1119			warning("can't exec %s: %m", script);
1120		} else if (errno != EACCES) {
1121			warning("can't access %s: %m", script);
1122		}
1123
1124		execv(shell, argv);
1125		stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, script);
1126		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
1127	}
1128
1129	if (pid == -1) {
1130		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, script);
1131		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1132			continue;
1133		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1134		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1135	}
1136
1137	/*
1138	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
1139	 */
1140	requested_transition = 0;
1141	do {
1142		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1143			collect_child(wpid);
1144		if (wpid == -1) {
1145			if (requested_transition == death_single ||
1146			    requested_transition == reroot)
1147				return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1148			if (errno == EINTR)
1149				continue;
1150			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1151			    "single user mode", shell, script);
1152			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1153		}
1154		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1155			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1156			    shell, script);
1157			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
1158			wpid = -1;
1159		}
1160	} while (wpid != pid);
1161
1162	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1163	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
1164		/* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
1165		sigset_t s;
1166
1167		sigfillset(&s);
1168		for (;;)
1169			sigsuspend(&s);
1170	}
1171
1172	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1173		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single "
1174		    "user mode", shell, script);
1175		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1176	}
1177
1178	if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
1179		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1180
1181	return (state_func_t) 0;
1182}
1183
1184/*
1185 * Open the session database.
1186 *
1187 * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
1188 */
1189static int
1190start_session_db(void)
1191{
1192	if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
1193		emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
1194	if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == NULL) {
1195		emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
1196		return (1);
1197	}
1198	return (0);
1199
1200}
1201
1202/*
1203 * Add a new login session.
1204 */
1205static void
1206add_session(session_t *sp)
1207{
1208	DBT key;
1209	DBT data;
1210
1211	key.data = &sp->se_process;
1212	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1213	data.data = &sp;
1214	data.size = sizeof sp;
1215
1216	if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
1217		emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1218}
1219
1220/*
1221 * Delete an old login session.
1222 */
1223static void
1224del_session(session_t *sp)
1225{
1226	DBT key;
1227
1228	key.data = &sp->se_process;
1229	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1230
1231	if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
1232		emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1233}
1234
1235/*
1236 * Look up a login session by pid.
1237 */
1238static session_t *
1239find_session(pid_t pid)
1240{
1241	DBT key;
1242	DBT data;
1243	session_t *ret;
1244
1245	key.data = &pid;
1246	key.size = sizeof pid;
1247	if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
1248		return 0;
1249	bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
1250	return ret;
1251}
1252
1253/*
1254 * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
1255 */
1256static char **
1257construct_argv(char *command)
1258{
1259	int argc = 0;
1260	char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
1261						* sizeof (char *));
1262
1263	if ((argv[argc++] = strk(command)) == NULL) {
1264		free(argv);
1265		return (NULL);
1266	}
1267	while ((argv[argc++] = strk((char *) 0)) != NULL)
1268		continue;
1269	return argv;
1270}
1271
1272/*
1273 * Deallocate a session descriptor.
1274 */
1275static void
1276free_session(session_t *sp)
1277{
1278	free(sp->se_device);
1279	if (sp->se_getty) {
1280		free(sp->se_getty);
1281		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1282		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1283	}
1284	if (sp->se_window) {
1285		free(sp->se_window);
1286		free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1287		free(sp->se_window_argv);
1288	}
1289	if (sp->se_type)
1290		free(sp->se_type);
1291	free(sp);
1292}
1293
1294/*
1295 * Allocate a new session descriptor.
1296 * Mark it SE_PRESENT.
1297 */
1298static session_t *
1299new_session(session_t *sprev, struct ttyent *typ)
1300{
1301	session_t *sp;
1302
1303	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1304	    typ->ty_name == 0 ||
1305	    typ->ty_getty == 0)
1306		return 0;
1307
1308	sp = (session_t *) calloc(1, sizeof (session_t));
1309
1310	sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1311
1312	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFEXISTS) != 0)
1313		sp->se_flags |= SE_IFEXISTS;
1314
1315	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFCONSOLE) != 0)
1316		sp->se_flags |= SE_IFCONSOLE;
1317
1318	if (asprintf(&sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1319		err(1, "asprintf");
1320
1321	if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1322		free_session(sp);
1323		return (0);
1324	}
1325
1326	sp->se_next = 0;
1327	if (sprev == NULL) {
1328		sessions = sp;
1329		sp->se_prev = 0;
1330	} else {
1331		sprev->se_next = sp;
1332		sp->se_prev = sprev;
1333	}
1334
1335	return sp;
1336}
1337
1338/*
1339 * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
1340 */
1341static int
1342setupargv(session_t *sp, struct ttyent *typ)
1343{
1344
1345	if (sp->se_getty) {
1346		free(sp->se_getty);
1347		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1348		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1349	}
1350	if (asprintf(&sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1351		err(1, "asprintf");
1352	sp->se_getty_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_getty);
1353	sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1354	if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
1355		warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
1356		free(sp->se_getty);
1357		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1358		sp->se_getty = sp->se_getty_argv_space = 0;
1359		return (0);
1360	}
1361	if (sp->se_window) {
1362		free(sp->se_window);
1363		free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1364		free(sp->se_window_argv);
1365	}
1366	sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1367	sp->se_window_argv = 0;
1368	if (typ->ty_window) {
1369		sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
1370		sp->se_window_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_window);
1371		sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1372		if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
1373			warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1374			    sp->se_device);
1375			free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1376			free(sp->se_window);
1377			sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1378			return (0);
1379		}
1380	}
1381	if (sp->se_type)
1382		free(sp->se_type);
1383	sp->se_type = typ->ty_type ? strdup(typ->ty_type) : 0;
1384	return (1);
1385}
1386
1387/*
1388 * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1389 */
1390static state_func_t
1391read_ttys(void)
1392{
1393	session_t *sp, *snext;
1394	struct ttyent *typ;
1395
1396	/*
1397	 * Destroy any previous session state.
1398	 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1399	 */
1400	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1401		snext = sp->se_next;
1402		free_session(sp);
1403	}
1404	sessions = 0;
1405	if (start_session_db())
1406		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1407
1408	/*
1409	 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1410	 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1411	 */
1412	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1413		if ((snext = new_session(sp, typ)) != NULL)
1414			sp = snext;
1415
1416	endttyent();
1417
1418	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1419}
1420
1421/*
1422 * Start a window system running.
1423 */
1424static void
1425start_window_system(session_t *sp)
1426{
1427	pid_t pid;
1428	sigset_t mask;
1429	char term[64], *env[2];
1430	int status;
1431
1432	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1433		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1434		    sp->se_device);
1435		/* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1436		return;
1437	}
1438	if (pid) {
1439		waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
1440		return;
1441	}
1442
1443	/* reparent window process to the init to not make a zombie on exit */
1444	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1445		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1446		    sp->se_device);
1447		_exit(1);
1448	}
1449	if (pid)
1450		_exit(0);
1451
1452	sigemptyset(&mask);
1453	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1454
1455	if (setsid() < 0)
1456		emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1457
1458#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1459	setprocresources(RESOURCE_WINDOW);
1460#endif
1461	if (sp->se_type) {
1462		/* Don't use malloc after fork */
1463		strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1464		strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1465		env[0] = term;
1466		env[1] = NULL;
1467	}
1468	else
1469		env[0] = NULL;
1470	execve(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv, env);
1471	stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1472		sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1473	_exit(1);
1474}
1475
1476/*
1477 * Start a login session running.
1478 */
1479static pid_t
1480start_getty(session_t *sp)
1481{
1482	pid_t pid;
1483	sigset_t mask;
1484	time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1485	int too_quick = 0;
1486	char term[64], *env[2];
1487
1488	if (current_time >= sp->se_started &&
1489	    current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1490		if (++sp->se_nspace > GETTY_NSPACE) {
1491			sp->se_nspace = 0;
1492			too_quick = 1;
1493		}
1494	} else
1495		sp->se_nspace = 0;
1496
1497	/*
1498	 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1499	 */
1500	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1501		emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1502		return -1;
1503	}
1504
1505	if (pid)
1506		return pid;
1507
1508	if (too_quick) {
1509		warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping %d secs",
1510		    sp->se_device, GETTY_SLEEP);
1511		sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1512	}
1513
1514	if (sp->se_window) {
1515		start_window_system(sp);
1516		sleep(WINDOW_WAIT);
1517	}
1518
1519	sigemptyset(&mask);
1520	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1521
1522#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1523	setprocresources(RESOURCE_GETTY);
1524#endif
1525	if (sp->se_type) {
1526		/* Don't use malloc after fork */
1527		strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1528		strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1529		env[0] = term;
1530		env[1] = NULL;
1531	} else
1532		env[0] = NULL;
1533	execve(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv, env);
1534	stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1535		sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1536	_exit(1);
1537}
1538
1539/*
1540 * Return 1 if the session is defined as "onifexists"
1541 * or "onifconsole" and the device node does not exist.
1542 */
1543static int
1544session_has_no_tty(session_t *sp)
1545{
1546	int fd;
1547
1548	if ((sp->se_flags & SE_IFEXISTS) == 0 &&
1549	    (sp->se_flags & SE_IFCONSOLE) == 0)
1550		return (0);
1551
1552	fd = open(sp->se_device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
1553	if (fd < 0) {
1554		if (errno == ENOENT)
1555			return (1);
1556		return (0);
1557	}
1558
1559	close(fd);
1560	return (0);
1561}
1562
1563/*
1564 * Collect exit status for a child.
1565 * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1566 */
1567static void
1568collect_child(pid_t pid)
1569{
1570	session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1571
1572	if (! sessions)
1573		return;
1574
1575	if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1576		return;
1577
1578	del_session(sp);
1579	sp->se_process = 0;
1580
1581	if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN ||
1582	    session_has_no_tty(sp)) {
1583		if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1584			sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1585		else
1586			sessions = sp->se_next;
1587		if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1588			snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1589		free_session(sp);
1590		return;
1591	}
1592
1593	if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1594		/* serious trouble */
1595		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1596		return;
1597	}
1598
1599	sp->se_process = pid;
1600	sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1601	add_session(sp);
1602}
1603
1604/*
1605 * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1606 */
1607static void
1608transition_handler(int sig)
1609{
1610
1611	switch (sig) {
1612	case SIGHUP:
1613		if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1614		    current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1615			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1616		break;
1617	case SIGUSR2:
1618		howto = RB_POWEROFF;
1619	case SIGUSR1:
1620		howto |= RB_HALT;
1621	case SIGINT:
1622		Reboot = TRUE;
1623	case SIGTERM:
1624		if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1625		    current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1626			requested_transition = death;
1627		else
1628			requested_transition = death_single;
1629		break;
1630	case SIGTSTP:
1631		if (current_state == runcom || current_state == read_ttys ||
1632		    current_state == clean_ttys ||
1633		    current_state == multi_user || current_state == catatonia)
1634			requested_transition = catatonia;
1635		break;
1636	case SIGEMT:
1637		requested_transition = reroot;
1638		break;
1639	default:
1640		requested_transition = 0;
1641		break;
1642	}
1643}
1644
1645/*
1646 * Take the system multiuser.
1647 */
1648static state_func_t
1649multi_user(void)
1650{
1651	pid_t pid;
1652	session_t *sp;
1653
1654	requested_transition = 0;
1655
1656	/*
1657	 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1658	 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1659	 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1660	 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1661	 */
1662	if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1663		setsecuritylevel(1);
1664
1665	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1666		if (sp->se_process)
1667			continue;
1668		if (session_has_no_tty(sp))
1669			continue;
1670		if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1671			/* serious trouble */
1672			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1673			break;
1674		}
1675		sp->se_process = pid;
1676		sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1677		add_session(sp);
1678	}
1679
1680	while (!requested_transition)
1681		if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1682			collect_child(pid);
1683
1684	return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1685}
1686
1687/*
1688 * This is an (n*2)+(n^2) algorithm.  We hope it isn't run often...
1689 */
1690static state_func_t
1691clean_ttys(void)
1692{
1693	session_t *sp, *sprev;
1694	struct ttyent *typ;
1695	int devlen;
1696	char *old_getty, *old_window, *old_type;
1697
1698	/*
1699	 * mark all sessions for death, (!SE_PRESENT)
1700	 * as we find or create new ones they'll be marked as keepers,
1701	 * we'll later nuke all the ones not found in /etc/ttys
1702	 */
1703	for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next)
1704		sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1705
1706	devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1707	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1708		for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1709			if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1710				break;
1711
1712		if (sp) {
1713			/* we want this one to live */
1714			sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1715			if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1716			    typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1717				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1718				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1719				continue;
1720			}
1721			sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1722			old_getty = sp->se_getty ? strdup(sp->se_getty) : 0;
1723			old_window = sp->se_window ? strdup(sp->se_window) : 0;
1724			old_type = sp->se_type ? strdup(sp->se_type) : 0;
1725			if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1726				warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1727					sp->se_device);
1728				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1729				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1730			}
1731			else if (   !old_getty
1732				 || (!old_type && sp->se_type)
1733				 || (old_type && !sp->se_type)
1734				 || (!old_window && sp->se_window)
1735				 || (old_window && !sp->se_window)
1736				 || (strcmp(old_getty, sp->se_getty) != 0)
1737				 || (old_window && strcmp(old_window, sp->se_window) != 0)
1738				 || (old_type && strcmp(old_type, sp->se_type) != 0)
1739				) {
1740				/* Don't set SE_SHUTDOWN here */
1741				sp->se_nspace = 0;
1742				sp->se_started = 0;
1743				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1744			}
1745			if (old_getty)
1746				free(old_getty);
1747			if (old_window)
1748				free(old_window);
1749			if (old_type)
1750				free(old_type);
1751			continue;
1752		}
1753
1754		new_session(sprev, typ);
1755	}
1756
1757	endttyent();
1758
1759	/*
1760	 * sweep through and kill all deleted sessions
1761	 * ones who's /etc/ttys line was deleted (SE_PRESENT unset)
1762	 */
1763	for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next) {
1764		if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1765			sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1766			kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1767		}
1768	}
1769
1770	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1771}
1772
1773/*
1774 * Block further logins.
1775 */
1776static state_func_t
1777catatonia(void)
1778{
1779	session_t *sp;
1780
1781	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1782		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1783
1784	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1785}
1786
1787/*
1788 * Note SIGALRM.
1789 */
1790static void
1791alrm_handler(int sig)
1792{
1793
1794	(void)sig;
1795	clang = 1;
1796}
1797
1798/*
1799 * Bring the system down to single user.
1800 */
1801static state_func_t
1802death(void)
1803{
1804	int block, blocked;
1805	size_t len;
1806
1807	/* Temporarily block suspend. */
1808	len = sizeof(blocked);
1809	block = 1;
1810	if (sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", &blocked, &len,
1811	    &block, sizeof(block)) == -1)
1812		blocked = 0;
1813
1814	/*
1815	 * Also revoke the TTY here.  Because runshutdown() may reopen
1816	 * the TTY whose getty we're killing here, there is no guarantee
1817	 * runshutdown() will perform the initial open() call, causing
1818	 * the terminal attributes to be misconfigured.
1819	 */
1820	revoke_ttys();
1821
1822	/* Try to run the rc.shutdown script within a period of time */
1823	runshutdown();
1824
1825	/* Unblock suspend if we blocked it. */
1826	if (!blocked)
1827		sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", NULL, NULL,
1828		    &blocked, sizeof(blocked));
1829
1830	return (state_func_t) death_single;
1831}
1832
1833/*
1834 * Do what is necessary to reinitialize single user mode or reboot
1835 * from an incomplete state.
1836 */
1837static state_func_t
1838death_single(void)
1839{
1840	int i;
1841	pid_t pid;
1842	static const int death_sigs[2] = { SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1843
1844	revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
1845
1846	for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
1847		if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1848			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1849
1850		clang = 0;
1851		alarm(DEATH_WATCH);
1852		do
1853			if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1854				collect_child(pid);
1855		while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1856
1857		if (errno == ECHILD)
1858			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1859	}
1860
1861	warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1862
1863	return (state_func_t) single_user;
1864}
1865
1866static void
1867revoke_ttys(void)
1868{
1869	session_t *sp;
1870
1871	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1872		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1873		kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1874		revoke(sp->se_device);
1875	}
1876}
1877
1878/*
1879 * Run the system shutdown script.
1880 *
1881 * Exit codes:      XXX I should document more
1882 * -2       shutdown script terminated abnormally
1883 * -1       fatal error - can't run script
1884 * 0        good.
1885 * >0       some error (exit code)
1886 */
1887static int
1888runshutdown(void)
1889{
1890	pid_t pid, wpid;
1891	int error, status;
1892	int shutdowntimeout;
1893	size_t len;
1894	char *argv[4];
1895	const char *shell;
1896	struct sigaction sa;
1897	struct stat sb;
1898
1899	/*
1900	 * rc.shutdown is optional, so to prevent any unnecessary
1901	 * complaints from the shell we simply don't run it if the
1902	 * file does not exist. If the stat() here fails for other
1903	 * reasons, we'll let the shell complain.
1904	 */
1905	if (stat(_PATH_RUNDOWN, &sb) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
1906		return 0;
1907
1908	shell = get_shell();
1909
1910	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1911		sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1912		sa.sa_flags = 0;
1913		sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1914		sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1915		sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1916
1917		open_console();
1918
1919		char _sh[]	= "sh";
1920		char _reboot[]	= "reboot";
1921		char _single[]	= "single";
1922		char _path_rundown[] = _PATH_RUNDOWN;
1923
1924		argv[0] = _sh;
1925		argv[1] = _path_rundown;
1926		argv[2] = Reboot ? _reboot : _single;
1927		argv[3] = NULL;
1928
1929		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1930
1931#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1932		setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1933#endif
1934
1935		/*
1936		 * Try to directly execute the script first.  If it
1937		 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1938		 * to sh(1).  Don't complain if it fails because of
1939		 * the missing execute bit.
1940		 */
1941		error = access(_path_rundown, X_OK);
1942		if (error == 0) {
1943			execv(_path_rundown, argv + 1);
1944			warning("can't exec %s: %m", _path_rundown);
1945		} else if (errno != EACCES) {
1946			warning("can't access %s: %m", _path_rundown);
1947		}
1948
1949		execv(shell, argv);
1950		warning("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1951		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
1952	}
1953
1954	if (pid == -1) {
1955		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1956		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1957			continue;
1958		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1959		return -1;
1960	}
1961
1962	len = sizeof(shutdowntimeout);
1963	if (sysctlbyname("kern.init_shutdown_timeout", &shutdowntimeout, &len,
1964	    NULL, 0) == -1 || shutdowntimeout < 2)
1965		shutdowntimeout = DEATH_SCRIPT;
1966	alarm(shutdowntimeout);
1967	clang = 0;
1968	/*
1969	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
1970	 * Use the same ALRM handler.
1971	 */
1972	do {
1973		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1974			collect_child(wpid);
1975		if (clang == 1) {
1976			/* we were waiting for the sub-shell */
1977			kill(wpid, SIGTERM);
1978			warning("timeout expired for %s on %s: %m; going to "
1979			    "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1980			return -1;
1981		}
1982		if (wpid == -1) {
1983			if (errno == EINTR)
1984				continue;
1985			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1986			    "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1987			return -1;
1988		}
1989		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1990			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1991				shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1992			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
1993			wpid = -1;
1994		}
1995	} while (wpid != pid && !clang);
1996
1997	/* Turn off the alarm */
1998	alarm(0);
1999
2000	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
2001	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
2002		/*
2003		 * /etc/rc.shutdown executed /sbin/reboot;
2004		 * wait for the end quietly
2005		 */
2006		sigset_t s;
2007
2008		sigfillset(&s);
2009		for (;;)
2010			sigsuspend(&s);
2011	}
2012
2013	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
2014		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to "
2015		    "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
2016		return -2;
2017	}
2018
2019	if ((status = WEXITSTATUS(status)) != 0)
2020		warning("%s returned status %d", _PATH_RUNDOWN, status);
2021
2022	return status;
2023}
2024
2025static char *
2026strk(char *p)
2027{
2028	static char *t;
2029	char *q;
2030	int c;
2031
2032	if (p)
2033		t = p;
2034	if (!t)
2035		return 0;
2036
2037	c = *t;
2038	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' )
2039		c = *++t;
2040	if (!c) {
2041		t = 0;
2042		return 0;
2043	}
2044	q = t;
2045	if (c == '\'') {
2046		c = *++t;
2047		q = t;
2048		while (c && c != '\'')
2049			c = *++t;
2050		if (!c)  /* unterminated string */
2051			q = t = 0;
2052		else
2053			*t++ = 0;
2054	} else {
2055		while (c && c != ' ' && c != '\t' )
2056			c = *++t;
2057		*t++ = 0;
2058		if (!c)
2059			t = 0;
2060	}
2061	return q;
2062}
2063
2064#ifdef LOGIN_CAP
2065static void
2066setprocresources(const char *cname)
2067{
2068	login_cap_t *lc;
2069	if ((lc = login_getclassbyname(cname, NULL)) != NULL) {
2070		setusercontext(lc, (struct passwd*)NULL, 0,
2071		    LOGIN_SETPRIORITY | LOGIN_SETRESOURCES |
2072		    LOGIN_SETLOGINCLASS | LOGIN_SETCPUMASK);
2073		login_close(lc);
2074	}
2075}
2076#endif
2077