1325057Sphilip----- Calendrical issues ----- 2325057Sphilip 3325057SphilipAs mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of 4325057Sphilipscope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run 5325057Sphilipinto if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following 6325057Sphilipinformation and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion. 7325057SphilipThey sometimes disagree. 8325057Sphilip 9325057Sphilip 10325057SphilipFrance 11325057Sphilip 12325057SphilipGregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 13325057SphilipFrench Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, 14325057Sphilipand (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. 15325057Sphilip 16325057Sphilip 17325057SphilipRussia 18325057Sphilip 19325057SphilipFrom Chris Carrier (1996-12-02): 20325057SphilipOn 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar" 21325057Sphilipwith 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 22325057SphilipOn 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 23325057SphilipGregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 24325057Sphilipreverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 25325057Sphilipoff were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 26325057Sphilip(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) 27325057Sphilip 28325057Sphilip 29325057SphilipMark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited 30325057Sphilipby Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But: 31325057Sphilip 32325057SphilipFrom: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet) 33325057SphilipDate: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT 34325057Sphilip... 35325057Sphilip 36325057SphilipIf your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were 37325057Sphilipstill dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar? 38325057Sphilip 39325057SphilipI can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by 40325057SphilipYenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the 41325057SphilipExecutive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like. 42325057Sphilip 43325057Sphilip 44325057Sphilip 45325057SphilipSweden (and Finland) 46325057Sphilip 47325057SphilipFrom: Mark Brader 48325057SphilipSubject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale? 49325057Sphilip<news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> 50325057SphilipDate: 1996-07-06 51325057Sphilip 52325057SphilipIn 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 53325057Sphilipdecided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 54325057Sphilipthose unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 55325057Sphilipyear after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar 56325057Sphilipdifferent from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 57325057Sphilip 58325057SphilipHowever, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 59325057Sphilipthey did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 60325057Sphilipthey gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 61325057Sphilipyear!... 62325057Sphilip 63325057SphilipThen in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 64325057Sphilipgetting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 65325057Sphilip 66325057Sphilip(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 67325057Sphilipproduced the following references to support it: "Tider��kning och historia" 68325057Sphilipby Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tider��kning och 69325057Sphilipkalenderv��sen" by Lars-Olof Lod��n (1968). 70325057Sphilip 71325057Sphilip 72325057SphilipGrotefend's data 73325057Sphilip 74325057SphilipFrom: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed] 75325057SphilipSubject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question 76325057SphilipNewsgroups: soc.genealogy.german 77325057SphilipDate: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 78325057Sphilip... 79325057Sphilip 80325057SphilipThe following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of 81325057SphilipEuropean states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the 82325057SphilipGregorian calendar: 83325057Sphilip 84325057Sphilip04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman 85325057Sphilip Catholics and Danzig only) 86325057Sphilip09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine 87325057Sphilip 88325057Sphilip21 Dec 1582/ 89325057Sphilip 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau 90325057Sphilip10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (L��ttich) 91325057Sphilip13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg 92325057Sphilip04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier 93325057Sphilip05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, 94325057Sphilip Salzburg, Brixen 95325057Sphilip13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsa�� and Breisgau 96325057Sphilip20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel 97325057Sphilip02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of J��lich-Berg 98325057Sphilip02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of K��ln 99325057Sphilip04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of W��rzburg 100325057Sphilip11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz 101325057Sphilip16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden 102325057Sphilip17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of M��nster and duchy of Cleve 103325057Sphilip14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark 104325057Sphilip 105325057Sphilip06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia 106325057Sphilip11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn 107325057Sphilip12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz 108325057Sphilip22 Jan/ 109325057Sphilip 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) 110325057Sphilip Jun 1584 - Unterwalden 111325057Sphilip01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen 112325057Sphilip 113325057Sphilip16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn 114325057Sphilip 115325057Sphilip14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania 116325057Sphilip 117325057Sphilip22 Aug/ 118325057Sphilip 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia 119325057Sphilip 120325057Sphilip13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg 121325057Sphilip 122325057Sphilip 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in 123325057Sphilip 1796) 124325057Sphilip 125325057Sphilip 1624 - bishopric of Osnabr��ck 126325057Sphilip 127325057Sphilip 1630 - bishopric of Minden 128325057Sphilip 129325057Sphilip15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim 130325057Sphilip 131325057Sphilip 1655 - Kanton Wallis 132325057Sphilip 133325057Sphilip05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg 134325057Sphilip 135325057Sphilip18 Feb/ 136325057Sphilip 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in 137325057Sphilip Germany), Denmark, Norway 138325057Sphilip30 Jun/ 139325057Sphilip 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen 140325057Sphilip10 Nov/ 141325057Sphilip 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel 142325057Sphilip 143325057Sphilip31 Dec 1700/ 144325057Sphilip 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Z��rich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, 145325057Sphilip Turgau, and Schaffhausen 146325057Sphilip 147325057Sphilip 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen 148325057Sphilip 149325057Sphilip01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence 150325057Sphilip 151325057Sphilip02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain 152325057Sphilip 153325057Sphilip17 Feb/ 154325057Sphilip 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden 155325057Sphilip 156325057Sphilip1760-1812 - Graub��nden 157325057Sphilip 158325057SphilipThe Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not 159325057Sphilipconvert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. 160325057Sphilip 161325057SphilipSource: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen 162325057SphilipMittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend 163325057Sphilip(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. 164325057Sphilip 165325057Sphilip----- 166325057Sphilip 167325057SphilipThis file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by 168325057SphilipArthur David Olson. 169325057Sphilip 170325057Sphilip----- 171325057SphilipLocal Variables: 172325057Sphilipcoding: utf-8 173325057SphilipEnd: 174