australasia revision 67578
1# @(#)australasia 7.60 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 67578 2000-10-25 19:36:49Z wollman $ 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 12Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 13Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 18# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 19# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 20# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 21 22# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23# Northern Territory 24Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 25 9:00 - CST 1899 May 26 9:30 Aus CST 27# Western Australia 28Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 29 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 37# Queensland 38# 39# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 40# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 41# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 42# Queensland ceased to. 43# 44# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 45# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 46# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 47# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 48# so use Lindeman. 49# 50# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 51Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 52Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 55Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 58 10:00 Aus EST 1971 59 10:00 AQ EST 60Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 61 10:00 Aus EST 1971 62 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 63 10:00 Holiday EST 64 65# South Australia 66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 71Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 81 9:00 - CST 1899 May 82 9:30 Aus CST 1971 83 9:30 AS CST 84 85# Tasmania 86# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 88Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 90Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 96Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 98Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 100Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 102Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 105 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 106 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 107 10:00 Aus EST 1967 108 10:00 AT EST 109 110# Victoria 111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 112Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 117Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 124 10:00 Aus EST 1971 125 10:00 AV EST 126 127# New South Wales 128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 129Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 130Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 131Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 136Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 143 10:00 Aus EST 1971 144 10:00 AN EST 145Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 147 9:00 - CST 1899 May 148 9:30 Aus CST 1971 149 9:30 AN CST 2000 150 9:30 AS CST 151 152# Lord Howe Island 153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 154Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 155Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - 157Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:30s 0 - 158Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:30s 0:30 - 159Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - 160Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:30s 0 - 161Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:30s 0 - 162Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - 163Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - 164Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 166 10:30 LH LHST 167 168# Australian miscellany 169# 170# Ashmore Is, Cartier 171# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 172# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 173# 174# Coral Sea Is 175# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 176# no information 177# 178# Macquarie 179# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 180# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 181# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 182 183# Christmas 184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 187 188# Cook Is 189# From Shanks: 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 192Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 193Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 196 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 197 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 198 199# Cocos 200# From USNO (1989): 201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 202Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 203 204# Fiji 205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 207Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 209Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 210 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 211 212# French Polynesia 213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 214Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 215 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 216Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 217 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 218Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 219 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 220# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 221# it is uninhabited. 222 223# Guam 224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 226 10:00 - GST 227 228# Kiribati 229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 231 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 232Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 233 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 234 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 235 13:00 - PHOT 236Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 237 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 238 -10:00 - LINT 1995 239 14:00 - LINT 240 241# N Mariana Is 242# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 243Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 244 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 245 10:00 - MPT 246 247# Marshall Is 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 250 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 251 12:00 - MHT 252Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 253 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 254 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 255 12:00 - MHT 256 257# Micronesia 258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 260 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 261 10:00 - YAPT 262Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 263 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 264Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 265 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 266Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 267 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 268 12:00 - KOST 1999 269 11:00 - KOST 270 271# Nauru 272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 273Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 274 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 275 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 276 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 277 12:00 - NRT 278 279# New Caledonia 280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 281Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 282Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 283Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 284# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 285Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 287Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 288 11:00 NC NC%sT 289 290 291############################################################################### 292 293# New Zealand 294 295# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 296# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 297# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 298Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 299Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 300Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 301Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 302Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 303Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 304# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 305# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 306Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 307Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 308Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 309Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 310Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 311Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 312Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 313Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 314Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 315Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 316Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 317# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 318Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 319 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 320 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 321Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 322 323 324# Auckland Is 325# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 326# and scientific personnel have wintered 327 328# Campbell I 329# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 330# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 331# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 332# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 333 334############################################################################### 335 336 337# Niue 338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 339Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 340 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 341 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 342 -11:00 - NUT 343 344# Norfolk 345# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 346Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 347 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 348 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 349 350# Palau (Belau) 351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 353 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 354 355# Papua New Guinea 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 358 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 359 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 360 361# Pitcairn 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 364 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 365 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 366 367# American Samoa 368Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 369 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 370 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 371 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 372 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 373 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 374 375# W Samoa 376Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 377 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 378 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 379 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 380 381# Solomon Is 382# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 385 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 386 387# Tokelau Is 388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 389Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 390 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 391 392# Tonga 393# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 394Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 395Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 - 396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 398 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 399 13:00 - TOT 1999 400 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 401 402# Tuvalu 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 405 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 406 407 408# US minor outlying islands 409 410# Howland, Baker 411# uninhabited since World War II 412# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 413 414# Jarvis 415# uninhabited since 1958 416# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 417 418# Johnston 419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 421 422# Kingman 423# uninhabited 424 425# Midway 426Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 427 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 428 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 429 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 430 431# Palmyra 432# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 433 434# Wake 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 437 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 438 439 440# Vanuatu 441# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 442Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 443Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 444Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 445Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 446Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 447Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 449Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 450 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 451 452# Wallis and Futuna 453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 455 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 456 457############################################################################### 458 459# NOTES 460 461# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 462# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 463# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 464 465# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 466# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 467# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 468# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 469# 470# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 471# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 472# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 473# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 474# of the IATA's data after 1990. 475# 476# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 477# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 478# 479# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 480# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 481# I found in the UCLA library. 482# 483# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 484# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 485# 486# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 487# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 488# Corrections are welcome! 489# std dst 490# LMT Local Mean Time 491# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 492# 9:00 JST Japan 493# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 494# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 495# 10:00 GST Guam 496# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 497# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 498# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 499# -11:00 SST Samoa 500# -10:00 HST Hawaii 501# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 502# 503# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 504# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 505 506############################################################################### 507 508# Australia 509 510# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 511# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 512# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 513 514# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 515# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 516# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 517# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 518# abbreviation does _not_ change... 519# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 520# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 521# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 522# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 523# time'. 524# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 525# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 526# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 527# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 528# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 529# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 530# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 531 532# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): 533# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 534# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 535# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 536# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 537 538# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 539# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 540# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 541# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 542# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 543# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 544# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 545 546# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 547# 548# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 549# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 550# relevant entries in this database. 551# 552# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 553# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 554# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 555# </a> 556# ACT 557# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 558# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 559# </a> 560# SA 561# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 562# Standard Time Act, 1898 563# </a> 564 565# Northern Territory 566 567# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 568# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 569# # [ Nov 1990 ] 570# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 571# ... 572# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 573 574# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 575# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 576# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 577 578# Western Australia 579 580# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 581# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 582# # [ Nov 1990 ] 583# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 584# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 585# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 586# # before reaching parliament. 587# ... 588# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 589# ... 590# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 591# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 592# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 593# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 594 595# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 596# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 597# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 598 599# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 600# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 601# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 602# work at 9.00am.) 603# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 604# everybody again. 605 606# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 607# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 608# it matches what was used in the past. 609 610# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 611# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 612# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 613# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 614 615# Queensland 616# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 617# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 618# # [ Dec 1990 ] 619# ... 620# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 621# ... 622# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 623# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 624# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 625# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 626 627# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 628# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 629# October 1989). 630 631# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 632# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 633# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 634# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 635 636# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 637# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 638# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 639# me.) 640 641# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 642# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 643# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 644# ... 645# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 646# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 647# ... 648 649# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 650# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 651 652# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 653 654# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 655# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 656# There are lots of differences between these rules and 657# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 658# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 659# current DST ending dates, no worries. 660# 661# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 662# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 663# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 664# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 665# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 666# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 667# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 668# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 669# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 670# 10:00 Oz EST 671 672# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 673# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 674# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 675# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 676# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 677# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 678# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 679 680# South Australia 681 682# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 683# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 684# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 685# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 686 687# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 688# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 689# # [ Nov 1990 ] 690# ... 691# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 692# ... 693# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 694# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 695# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 696# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 697 698# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 699# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 700# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 701# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 702 703# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 704# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 705# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 706# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 707# is on... 708 709# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 710# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 711# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 712# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 713 714# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 715# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 716# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 717# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 718 719# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 720# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 721# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 722# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 723 724# Tasmania 725 726# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 727# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 728# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 729# # [ Nov 1990 ] 730 731# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 732# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 733# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 734# (but nothing new about that). 735 736# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 737# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 738# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 739# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 740# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 741# instead of the first Sunday in October. 742 743# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 744# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 745 746# Victoria 747 748# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 749# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 750# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 751# # [ Nov 1990 ] 752 753# New South Wales 754 755# From Arthur David Olson: 756# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 757# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 758# who notes: 759# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 760# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 761# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 762# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 763# legislation. This is very important to understand. 764# I have researched New South Wales time only... 765 766# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 767# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 768# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 769# Daylight Saving 770# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 771# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 772# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 773# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 774# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 775# </a> 776 777# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 778# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 779# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 780# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 781# Two months more daylight saving 782# </a> 783# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 784 785# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 786# See the following official NSW source: 787# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 788# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 789# </a> 790# 791# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 792# daylight saving next year. See: 793# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 794# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 795# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 796# 797# Victoria will following NSW. See: 798# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 799# Vic to extend daylight saving 800# </a> (1999-07-28). 801# 802# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 803# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 804# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 805# </a> (1999-07-19). 806# 807# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 808# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 809# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 810# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 811# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 812# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 813# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 814# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 815# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 816# 817# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 818# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 819# Broken Hill to be behind the times 820# </a> (1999-07-21). 821 822# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 823# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 824# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 825 826# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 827# Twin Towns Services Club (in Tweed Heads, near the Queensland border) 828# will maintain Queensland time. The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie 829# is encouraging northern NSW towns to use Queensland time. 830 831# Yancowinna 832 833# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 834# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 835 836# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 837# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 838# # [ Dec 1990 ] 839# ... 840# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 841# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 842# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 843# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 844# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 845# # presently available. 846# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 847# ... 848# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 849# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 850# [followed by other Rules] 851 852# Lord Howe Island 853 854# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 855# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 856# [ Dec 1990 ] 857# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 858# hour ahead of NSW time. 859 860# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 861# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 862# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 863# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 864# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 865# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 866# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 867# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 868# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 869# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 870 871# From Jesper Norgaard <jnorgard@Prodigy.net.mx> (2000-09-04): 872# James Lonergan said that the island always tries to stay in sync 873# with the rest of NSW at all time except for the fact that they stay 874# ahead half an hour when DST is not observed. If this is interpreted 875# literally, they should change clocks at the exact moment that 876# e.g. Canberra changes from normal to daylight saving and vice versa. 877 878# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 879# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter, 880# However, as per Norgaard we modify Shanks by assuming 02:30s switchover 881# for half-hour DST. 882 883############################################################################### 884 885# New Zealand 886 887# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 888# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 889# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 890# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 891# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 892 893# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 894# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 895# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 896# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 897# # [ Nov 1990 ] 898# ... 899# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 900# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 901# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 902# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 903# ... 904# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 905# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 906 907# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 908# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 909# rather than the October 1 value. 910 911# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 912# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 913# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 914# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 915# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 916# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 917# 918# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 919# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 920# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 921# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 922# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 923 924############################################################################### 925 926 927# Fiji 928 929# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 930# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 931# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 932 933# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 934# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 935# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 936# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 937 938# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 939# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 940 941# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 942# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 943# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 944# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 945# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 946# millenium. 947 948 949# Johnston 950 951# Johnston data is from usno1995. 952 953 954# Kiribati 955 956# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 957# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 958# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 959# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 960 961 962# Kwajalein 963 964# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 965# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 966# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 967# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 968# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 969 970 971# N Mariana Is, Guam 972 973# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 974# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 975# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 976# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. 977 978 979# Micronesia 980 981# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 982# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 983# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 984# 985# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 986# ignore this for now. 987 988# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 989# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 990# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 991# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 992# </a> (1999-01-26) 993# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 994# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 995 996 997# Pitcairn 998 999# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1000# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1001# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1002# 1003# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1004# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1005# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1006# 1007# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1008# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1009# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1010 1011# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1012# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1013# ... at midnight. 1014 1015# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1016# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1017# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1018# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1019 1020 1021# Samoa 1022 1023# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1024# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1025# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1026# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1027# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1028 1029 1030# Tonga 1031 1032# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1033# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1034# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1035# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1036 1037# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1038# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1039# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1040# </a>: 1041 1042# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1043# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1044# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1045# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1046# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1047# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1048# 1049# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1050# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1051# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1052# 1053# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1054# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1055# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1056# minutes we have lost?" 1057# 1058# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1059# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1060# to say your prayers in the morning." 1061 1062# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1063# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1064 1065# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1066# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1067# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1068# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1069# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1070# Government. 1071 1072# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1073# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1074# 1075# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1076# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1077# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1078# </a> 1079# 1080# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1081# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1082# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1083# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1084 1085# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1086# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1087# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1088# </a>: 1089# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1090# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1091# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1092# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1093# set back an hour on the closing date." 1094# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1095 1096# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1097# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1098# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1099 1100 1101############################################################################### 1102 1103# The International Date Line 1104 1105# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1106# 1107# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1108# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1109# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1110# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1111# 1112# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1113# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1114# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1115# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1116# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1117# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1118# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1119# 1120# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1121# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1122# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1123# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1124# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1125# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1126# correct date is ambiguous. 1127