australasia revision 58787
1# @(#)australasia 7.56 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 58787 2000-03-29 14:01:46Z ru $ 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 12Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 13Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 18# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 19# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 20# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 21 22# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23# Northern Territory 24Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 25 9:00 - CST 1899 May 26 9:30 Aus CST 27# Western Australia 28Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 29 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 37# Queensland 38# 39# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 40# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 41# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 42# Queensland ceased to. 43# 44# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 45# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 46# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 47# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 48# so use Lindeman. 49# 50# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 51Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 52Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 55Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 58 10:00 Aus EST 1971 59 10:00 AQ EST 60Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 61 10:00 Aus EST 1971 62 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 63 10:00 Holiday EST 64 65# South Australia 66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 71Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 76# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 77Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 78 9:00 - CST 1899 May 79 9:30 Aus CST 1971 80 9:30 AS CST 81 82# Tasmania 83# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 84Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 87Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 93Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 95Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 96Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 98Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 100# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 101Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 102 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 103 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 104 10:00 Aus EST 1967 105 10:00 AT EST 106 107# Victoria 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 114Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 115Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 10:00 Aus EST 1971 122 10:00 AV EST 123 124# New South Wales 125# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 126Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 127Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 129Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 131Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 133Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 134Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 140 10:00 Aus EST 1971 141 10:00 AN EST 142Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 143 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 144 9:00 - CST 1899 May 145 9:30 Aus CST 1971 146 9:30 AN CST 2000 147 9:30 AS CST 148 149# Lord Howe Island 150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 151Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - 154Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 155Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 - 156Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - 157Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 158Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 159Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - 160Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - 161Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 163 10:30 LH LHST 164 165# Australian miscellany 166# 167# Ashmore Is, Cartier 168# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 169# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 170# 171# Coral Sea Is 172# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 173# no information 174# 175# Macquarie 176# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 177# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 178# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 179 180# Christmas 181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 184 185# Cook Is 186# From Shanks: 187# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 188Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 189Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 190Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 191# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 192Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 193 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 194 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 195 196# Cocos 197# From USNO (1989): 198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 199Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 200 201# Fiji 202# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 203Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 204Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 205# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 206Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 207 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 208 209# French Polynesia 210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 211Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 212 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 213Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 214 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 215Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 216 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 217# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 218# it is uninhabited. 219 220# Guam 221# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 222Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 223 10:00 - GST 224 225# Kiribati 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 228 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 229Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 230 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 231 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 232 13:00 - PHOT 233Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 234 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 235 -10:00 - LINT 1995 236 14:00 - LINT 237 238# N Mariana Is 239# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 240Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 241 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 242 10:00 - MPT 243 244# Marshall Is 245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 247 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 248 12:00 - MHT 249Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 250 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 251 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 252 12:00 - MHT 253 254# Micronesia 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 257 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 258 10:00 - YAPT 259Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 260 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 261Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 262 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 263Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 264 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 265 12:00 - KOST 1999 266 11:00 - KOST 267 268# Nauru 269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 271 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 272 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 273 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 274 12:00 - NRT 275 276# New Caledonia 277# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 278Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 279Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 280Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 281# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 282Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 283# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 284Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 285 11:00 NC NC%sT 286 287 288############################################################################### 289 290# New Zealand 291 292# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 293# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 294# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 295Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 296Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 297Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 298Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 299Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 300Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 301# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 302# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 303Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 304Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 305Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 306Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 307Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 308Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 309Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 310Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 311Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 312Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 313Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 314# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 315Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 316 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 317 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 318Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 319 320 321# Auckland Is 322# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 323# and scientific personnel have wintered 324 325# Campbell I 326# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 327# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 328# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 329# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 330 331############################################################################### 332 333 334# Niue 335# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 336Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 337 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 338 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 339 -11:00 - NUT 340 341# Norfolk 342# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 343Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 344 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 345 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 346 347# Palau (Belau) 348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 349Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 350 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 351 352# Papua New Guinea 353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 354Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 355 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 356 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 357 358# Pitcairn 359# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 361 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 362 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 363 364# American Samoa 365Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 366 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 367 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 368 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 369 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 370 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 371 372# W Samoa 373Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 374 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 375 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 376 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 377 378# Solomon Is 379# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 382 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 383 384# Tokelau Is 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 387 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 388 389# Tonga 390# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 391Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 392Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 - 393# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 395 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 396 13:00 - TOT 1999 397 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 398 399# Tuvalu 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 402 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 403 404 405# US minor outlying islands 406 407# Howland, Baker 408# uninhabited since World War II 409# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 410 411# Jarvis 412# uninhabited since 1958 413# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 414 415# Johnston 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 418 419# Kingman 420# uninhabited 421 422# Midway 423Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 424 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 425 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 426 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 427 428# Palmyra 429# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 430 431# Wake 432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 434 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 435 436 437# Vanuatu 438# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 439Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 440Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 441Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 442Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 443Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 444Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 445# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 446Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 447 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 448 449# Wallis and Futuna 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 452 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 453 454############################################################################### 455 456# NOTES 457 458# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 459# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 460# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 461 462# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 463# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 464# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 465# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 466# 467# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 468# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 469# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 470# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 471# of the IATA's data after 1990. 472# 473# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 474# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 475# 476# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 477# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 478# I found in the UCLA library. 479# 480# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 481# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 482# 483# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 484# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 485# Corrections are welcome! 486# std dst 487# LMT Local Mean Time 488# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 489# 9:00 JST Japan 490# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 491# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 492# 10:00 GST Guam 493# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 494# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 495# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 496# -11:00 SST Samoa 497# -10:00 HST Hawaii 498# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 499# 500# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 501# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 502 503############################################################################### 504 505# Australia 506 507# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 508# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 509# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 510 511# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 512# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 513# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 514# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 515# abbreviation does _not_ change... 516# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 517# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 518# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 519# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 520# time'. 521# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 522# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 523# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 524# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 525# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 526# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 527# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 528 529# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): 530# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 531# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 532# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 533# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 534 535# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 536# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 537# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 538# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 539# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 540# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 541# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 542 543# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 544# 545# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 546# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 547# relevant entries in this database. 548# 549# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 550# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 551# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 552# </a> 553# ACT 554# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 555# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 556# </a> 557# SA 558# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 559# Standard Time Act, 1898 560# </a> 561 562# Northern Territory 563 564# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 565# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 566# # [ Nov 1990 ] 567# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 568# ... 569# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 570 571# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 572# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 573# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 574 575# Western Australia 576 577# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 578# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 579# # [ Nov 1990 ] 580# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 581# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 582# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 583# # before reaching parliament. 584# ... 585# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 586# ... 587# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 588# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 589# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 590# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 591 592# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 593# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 594# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 595 596# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 597# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 598# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 599# work at 9.00am.) 600# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 601# everybody again. 602 603# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 604# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 605# it matches what was used in the past. 606 607# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 608# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 609# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 610# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 611 612# Queensland 613# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 614# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 615# # [ Dec 1990 ] 616# ... 617# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 618# ... 619# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 620# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 621# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 622# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 623 624# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 625# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 626# October 1989). 627 628# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 629# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 630# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 631# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 632 633# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 634# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 635# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 636# me.) 637 638# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 639# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 640# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 641# ... 642# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 643# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 644# ... 645 646# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 647# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 648 649# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 650 651# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 652# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 653# There are lots of differences between these rules and 654# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 655# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 656# current DST ending dates, no worries. 657# 658# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 659# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 660# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 661# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 662# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 663# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 664# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 665# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 666# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 667# 10:00 Oz EST 668 669# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 670# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 671# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 672# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 673# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 674# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 675# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 676 677# South Australia 678 679# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 680# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 681# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 682# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 683 684# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 685# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 686# # [ Nov 1990 ] 687# ... 688# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 689# ... 690# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 691# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 692# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 693# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 694 695# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 696# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 697# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 698# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 699 700# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 701# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 702# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 703# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 704# is on... 705 706# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 707# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 708# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 709# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 710 711# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 712# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 713# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 714# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 715 716# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 717# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 718# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 719# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 720 721# Tasmania 722 723# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 724# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 725# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 726# # [ Nov 1990 ] 727 728# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 729# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 730# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 731# (but nothing new about that). 732 733# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 734# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 735# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 736# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 737# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 738# instead of the first Sunday in October. 739 740# Victoria 741 742# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 743# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 744# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 745# # [ Nov 1990 ] 746 747# New South Wales 748 749# From Arthur David Olson: 750# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 751# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 752# who notes: 753# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 754# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 755# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 756# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 757# legislation. This is very important to understand. 758# I have researched New South Wales time only... 759 760# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 761# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 762# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 763# Daylight Saving 764# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 765# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 766# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 767# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 768# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 769# </a> 770 771# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 772# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 773# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 774# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 775# Two months more daylight saving 776# </a> 777# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 778 779# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 780# See the following official NSW source: 781# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 782# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 783# </a> 784# 785# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 786# daylight saving next year. See: 787# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 788# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 789# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 790# 791# Victoria will following NSW. See: 792# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 793# Vic to extend daylight saving 794# </a> (1999-07-28). 795# 796# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 797# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 798# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 799# </a> (1999-07-19). 800# 801# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 802# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 803# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 804# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 805# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 806# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 807# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 808# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 809# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 810# 811# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 812# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 813# Broken Hill to be behind the times 814# </a> (1999-07-21). 815 816# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 817# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 818# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 819 820# Yancowinna 821 822# From John Basser (1989-01-04): 823# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 824 825# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 826# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 827# # [ Dec 1990 ] 828# ... 829# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 830# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 831# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 832# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 833# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 834# # presently available. 835# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 836# ... 837# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 838# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 839# [followed by other Rules] 840 841# Lord Howe Island 842 843# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 844# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 845# [ Dec 1990 ] 846# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 847# hour ahead of NSW time. 848 849# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 850# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 851# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 852# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 853# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 854# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 855# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 856# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 857# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 858# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 859 860# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-31): 861# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 862 863############################################################################### 864 865# New Zealand 866 867# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 868# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 869# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 870# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 871# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 872 873# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 874# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 875# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 876# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 877# # [ Nov 1990 ] 878# ... 879# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 880# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 881# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 882# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 883# ... 884# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 885# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 886 887# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 888# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 889# rather than the October 1 value. 890 891# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 892# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 893# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 894# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 895# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 896# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 897# 898# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 899# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 900# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 901# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 902# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 903 904############################################################################### 905 906 907# Fiji 908 909# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 910# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 911# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 912 913# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 914# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 915# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 916# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 917 918# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 919# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 920 921# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 922# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 923# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 924# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 925# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 926# millenium. 927 928 929# Johnston 930 931# Johnston data is from usno1995. 932 933 934# Kiribati 935 936# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 937# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 938# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 939# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 940 941 942# Kwajalein 943 944# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 945# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 946# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 947# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 948# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 949 950 951# N Mariana Is, Guam 952 953# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 954# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 955# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 956# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. 957 958 959# Micronesia 960 961# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 962# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 963# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 964# 965# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 966# ignore this for now. 967 968# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 969# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 970# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 971# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 972# </a> (1999-01-26) 973# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 974# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 975 976 977# Pitcairn 978 979# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 980# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 981# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 982# 983# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 984# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 985# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 986# 987# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 988# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 989# somehow in light of this proclamation. 990 991# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 992# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 993# ... at midnight. 994 995# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 996# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 997# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 998# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 999 1000 1001# Samoa 1002 1003# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1004# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1005# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1006# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1007# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1008 1009 1010# Tonga 1011 1012# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1013# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1014# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1015# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1016 1017# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1018# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1019# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1020# </a>: 1021 1022# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1023# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1024# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1025# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1026# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1027# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1028# 1029# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1030# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1031# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1032# 1033# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1034# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1035# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1036# minutes we have lost?" 1037# 1038# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1039# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1040# to say your prayers in the morning." 1041 1042# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1043# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1044 1045# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1046# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1047# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1048# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1049# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1050# Government. 1051 1052# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1053# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1054# 1055# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1056# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1057# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1058# </a> 1059# 1060# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1061# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1062# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1063# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1064 1065# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1066# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1067# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1068# </a>: 1069# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1070# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1071# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1072# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1073# set back an hour on the closing date." 1074# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1075 1076# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1077# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1078# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1079 1080 1081############################################################################### 1082 1083# The International Date Line 1084 1085# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1086# 1087# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1088# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1089# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1090# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1091# 1092# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1093# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1094# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1095# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1096# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1097# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1098# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1099# 1100# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1101# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1102# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1103# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1104# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1105# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1106# correct date is ambiguous. 1107