australasia revision 241869
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223# like Australia/Hobart 224 225# Christmas 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 229 230# Cook Is 231# From Shanks & Pottenger: 232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 233Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 234Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 235Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 240 241# Cocos 242# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 247 248# Fiji 249# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 250# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 251# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 252# 253# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 254# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 255# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 256# </a> 257# or 258# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 259# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 260# </a> 261 262# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 263# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 264# amendments: 265# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 266# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 267# </a> 268 269# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 270# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 271# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 272# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 273# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 274# 275# Official source: 276# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 277# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 278# </a> 279# 280# A bit more background info here: 281# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 282# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 283# </a> 284 285# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 286# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 287# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 288# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 289# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 290# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 291# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 292# </a> 293# or 294# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296# </a> 297 298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301# 302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 303# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304# </a> 305# which says 306# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 307# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 308# 2am on February 26 next year. 309 310# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 311# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 312# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 313# 314# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 315# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316# </a> 317# states: 318# 319# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 320# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 321# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 322# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 323 324# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 325# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 326# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 327# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 329# 330# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 331# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 332 333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 334Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 335Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 336Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 337Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 338Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 339Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 340Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 343 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 344 345# French Polynesia 346# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 348 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 349Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 350 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 351Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 352 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 353# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 354# it is uninhabited. 355 356# Guam 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 359 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 360 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 361 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 362 363# Kiribati 364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 366 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 367Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 368 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 369 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 370 13:00 - PHOT 371Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 372 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 373 -10:00 - LINT 1995 374 14:00 - LINT 375 376# N Mariana Is 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 379 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 380 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 381 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 383 384# Marshall Is 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 387 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 388 12:00 - MHT 389Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 390 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 391 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 392 12:00 - MHT 393 394# Micronesia 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 397 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 398Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 399 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 400Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 401 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 402 12:00 - KOST 1999 403 11:00 - KOST 404 405# Nauru 406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 408 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 409 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 410 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 411 12:00 - NRT 412 413# New Caledonia 414# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 416Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 417Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 418# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 419Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 422 11:00 NC NC%sT 423 424 425############################################################################### 426 427# New Zealand 428 429# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 431Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 432Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 433Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 434Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 435Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 436Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 437# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 438# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 439Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 440Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 441Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 442Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 443Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 444Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 445Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 446Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 447Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 448Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 449Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 450Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 451Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 452Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 453Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 454Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 455Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 456Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 459 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 460 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 461Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 462 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 463 464 465# Auckland Is 466# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 467# and scientific personnel have wintered 468 469# Campbell I 470# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 471# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 472# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 473# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 474 475############################################################################### 476 477 478# Niue 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 481 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 482 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 483 -11:00 - NUT 484 485# Norfolk 486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 487Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 488 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 489 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 490 491# Palau (Belau) 492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 494 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 495 496# Papua New Guinea 497# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 498Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 499 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 500 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 501 502# Pitcairn 503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 505 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 506 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 507 508# American Samoa 509Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 510 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 511 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 512 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 513 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 514 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 515 516# Samoa 517 518# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 519# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 520# the following info: 521# 522# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 523# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 524# Sunday of April 2011." 525# 526# Background info: 527# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 528# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 529# </a> 530# 531# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 532# contain any dates: 533# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 534# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 535# </a> 536 537# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 538# Please see 539# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 540# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 541# </a>, 542# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 543# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 544# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 545# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 546 547# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 548# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 549# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 550# www.mcil.gov.ws 551# </a> 552# 553# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 554# 555# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 556# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 557# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 558# 559# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 560# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 561# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 562# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 563# 564# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 565# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 566 567# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 568# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 569# 570# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 571# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 572# </a> 573 574# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 575# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 576# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 577# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 578# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 579# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 580# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 581# 582# International Date Line Bill 2011 583# 584# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 585# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 586# Line, and for related purposes. 587# 588# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 589# assembled as follows: 590# 591# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 592# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 593# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 594# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 595# 596# [snip] 597# 598# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 599# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 600# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 601# 602# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 603# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 604# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 605# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 606# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 607# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 608# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 609# it defines Samoa standard time.... 610 611# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 612# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 613# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614# </a> 615# 616# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 617# 618# DST 619# Year End Time Start Time 620# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 621# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 622# 623# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 624# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 625# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 626# 627# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 628# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 629# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 630# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 631# 632# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 633# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 634# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 635# 636# Please find link below for more information. 637# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 638# 639# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 640# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 641# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 642 643# Western Samoa 644# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 645Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 646Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 647# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 648Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 649 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 650 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 651 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 652 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 653 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 654 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 655 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 656 13:00 WS WS%sT 657 658# Solomon Is 659# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 660# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 662 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 663 664# Tokelau Is 665# 666# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 667# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 668# December 31 this year ... 669# 670# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 671# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 672# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 673# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 674# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 675# 676# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 677# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 678# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 679# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 680# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 681# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 682 683# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 684Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 685 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 686 13:00 - TKT 687 688# Tonga 689# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 690Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 691Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 692Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 693Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 694# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 695Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 696 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 697 13:00 - TOT 1999 698 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 699 700# Tuvalu 701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 703 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 704 705 706# US minor outlying islands 707 708# Howland, Baker 709# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 710# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 711# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 712# uninhabited thereafter. 713# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 714# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 715# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 716# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 717# until they were abandoned after the war. 718 719# Jarvis 720# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 721# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 722# uninhabited thereafter. 723# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 724 725# Johnston 726# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 728 729# Kingman 730# uninhabited 731 732# Midway 733# 734# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 735# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 736# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 737# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 738# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 739# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 740# designations that I've never seen before:.... 741# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 742# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 743# 744Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 745 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 746 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 747 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 748 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 749 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 750 751# Palmyra 752# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 753 754# Wake 755# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 756Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 757 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 758 759 760# Vanuatu 761# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 762Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 763Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 764Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 765Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 766Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 767Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 768# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 770 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 771 772# Wallis and Futuna 773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 774Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 775 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 776 777############################################################################### 778 779# NOTES 780 781# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 782# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 783# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 784 785# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 786# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 787# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 788# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 789# 790# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 791# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 792# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 793# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 794# of the IATA's data after 1990. 795# 796# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 797# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 798# 799# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 800# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 801# I found in the UCLA library. 802# 803# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 804# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 805# 806# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 807# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 808# Corrections are welcome! 809# std dst 810# LMT Local Mean Time 811# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 812# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 813# 9:00 JST Japan 814# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 815# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 816# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 817# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 818# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 819# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 820# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 821# -11:00 SST Samoa 822# -10:00 HST Hawaii 823# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 824# 825# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 826# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 827 828############################################################################### 829 830# Australia 831 832# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 833# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 834# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 835# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 836 837# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 838# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 839# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 840# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 841 842# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 843# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 844# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 845# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 846# abbreviation does _not_ change... 847# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 848# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 849# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 850# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 851# time'. 852# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 853# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 854# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 855# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 856# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 857# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 858# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 859 860# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 861# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 862# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 863# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 864# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 865 866# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 867# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 868# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 869# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 870# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 871 872# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 873# versus "AEST" etc.: 874# 875# I see the following points of dispute: 876# 877# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 878# 879# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 880# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 881# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 882# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 883# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 884# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 885# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 886# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 887# 888# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 889# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 890# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 891# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 892# 893# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 894# 895# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 896# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 897# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 898# Time, for example. 899# 900# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 901# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 902# tiebreaker. 903# 904# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 905# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 906# the word "Australian"? 907# 908# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 909# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 910# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 911# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 912# following count of page hits: 913# 914# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 915# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 916# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 917# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 918# 919# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 920# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 921# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 922# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 923# 924# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 925# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 926# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 927# are the hit counts anyway: 928# 929# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 930# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 931# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 932# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 933# 934# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 935# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 936# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 937# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 938# 939# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 940# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 941# 942# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 943# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 944# the ambiguities involved. 945# 946# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 947# 948# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 949# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 950# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 951# understood in Australia. 952 953# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 954# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 955# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 956# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 957# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 958# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 959# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 960 961# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 962# 963# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 964# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 965# relevant entries in this database. 966# 967# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 968# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 969# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 970# </a> 971# ACT 972# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 973# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 974# </a> 975# SA 976# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 977# Standard Time Act, 1898 978# </a> 979 980# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 981# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 982# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 983# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 984# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 985# 986# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 987# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 988# to extend DST together in 2006. 989# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 990# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 991# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 992# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 993# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 994# allude to it. 995# But not Queensland 996# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 997 998# Northern Territory 999 1000# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1001# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1002# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1003# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1004# ... 1005# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1006 1007# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1008# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1009# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1010 1011# Western Australia 1012 1013# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1014# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1015# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1016# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1017# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1018# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1019# # before reaching parliament. 1020# ... 1021# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1022# ... 1023# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1024# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1025# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1026# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1027 1028# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1029# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1030# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1031 1032# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1033# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1034# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1035# work at 9.00am.) 1036# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1037# everybody again. 1038 1039# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1040# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1041# it matches what was used in the past. 1042 1043# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1044# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1045# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1046# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1047 1048# Queensland 1049# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1050# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1051# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1052# ... 1053# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1054# ... 1055# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1056# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1057# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1058# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1059 1060# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1061# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1062# October 1989). 1063 1064# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1065# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1066# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1067# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1068 1069# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1070# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1071# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1072# me.) 1073 1074# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1075# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1076# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1077# ... 1078# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1079# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1080# ... 1081 1082# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1083# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1084 1085# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1086# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1087# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1088# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1089 1090# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1091# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1092# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1093# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1094# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1095# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1096# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1097# Australia and Western Australia.... 1098# 1099# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1100# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1101# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1102# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1103# 1104# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1105# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1106# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1107# coast of the continent. 1108# 1109# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1110# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1111# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1112# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1113# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1114# 1115# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1116# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1117# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1118# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1119# 1120# (2006-12-09): 1121# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1122# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1123# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1124# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1125 1126# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1127# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1128# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1129 1130 1131# southeast Australia 1132# 1133# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1134# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1135# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1136# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1137 1138 1139# South Australia 1140 1141# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1142# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1143# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1144# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1145 1146# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1147# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1148# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1149# ... 1150# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1151# ... 1152# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1153# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1154# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1155# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1156 1157# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1158# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1159# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1160# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1161 1162# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1163# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1164# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1165# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1166# is on... 1167 1168# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1169# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1170# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1171# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1172 1173# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1174# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1175# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1176# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1177 1178# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1179# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1180# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1181# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1182 1183# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1184# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1185 1186# Tasmania 1187 1188# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1189# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1190# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1191# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1192 1193# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1194# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1195# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1196# (but nothing new about that). 1197 1198# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1199# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1200# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1201# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1202# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1203# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1204 1205# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1206# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1207 1208# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1209# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1210 1211# Victoria 1212 1213# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1214# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1215# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1216# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1217 1218# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1219# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1220# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1221# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1222# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1223# in Melbourne, Australia. 1224# 1225# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1226# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1227# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1228# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1229# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1230# expected time. 1231# 1232# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1233# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1234# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1235# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1236# 1237# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1238# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1239 1240# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1241# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1242 1243# New South Wales 1244 1245# From Arthur David Olson: 1246# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1247# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1248# who notes: 1249# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1250# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1251# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1252# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1253# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1254# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1255 1256# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1257# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1258# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1259# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1260# Two months more daylight saving 1261# </a> 1262# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1263 1264# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1265# See the following official NSW source: 1266# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1267# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1268# </a> 1269# 1270# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1271# daylight saving next year. See: 1272# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1273# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1274# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1275# 1276# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1277# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1278# Vic to extend daylight saving 1279# </a> (1999-07-28). 1280# 1281# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1282# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1283# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1284# </a> (1999-07-19). 1285# 1286# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1287# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1288# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1289# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1290# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1291# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1292# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1293# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1294# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1295# 1296# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1297# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1298# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1299# </a> (1999-07-21). 1300 1301# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1302# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1303# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1304 1305# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1306# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1307# towns to use Queensland time. 1308 1309# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1310# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1311 1312# Yancowinna 1313 1314# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1315# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1316 1317# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1318# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1319# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1320# ... 1321# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1322# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1323# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1324# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1325# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1326# # presently available. 1327# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1328# ... 1329# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1330# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1331# [followed by other Rules] 1332 1333# Lord Howe Island 1334 1335# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1336# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1337# [ Dec 1990 ] 1338# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1339# hour ahead of NSW time. 1340 1341# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1342# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1343# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1344# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1345# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1346# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1347# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1348# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1349# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1350# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1351 1352# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1353# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1354# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1355# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1356# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1357# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1358 1359# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1360# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1361# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1362 1363# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1364# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1365 1366# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1367# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1368# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1369# summer (southern hemisphere). 1370# 1371# From 1372# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1373# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1374# </a> 1375# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1376# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1377# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1378# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1379# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1380# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1381# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1382# 1383# We have a wrap-up here: 1384# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1385# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1386# </a> 1387############################################################################### 1388 1389# New Zealand 1390 1391# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1392# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1393# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1394# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1395# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1396 1397# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1398# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1399# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1400# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1401# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1402# ... 1403# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1404# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1405# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1406# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1407# ... 1408# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1409# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1410 1411# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1412# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1413# rather than the October 1 value. 1414 1415# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1416# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1417# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1418# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1419# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1420# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1421# 1422# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1423# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1424# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1425# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1426# 1427# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1428# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1429# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1430 1431# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1432# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1433# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1434# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1435# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1436 1437############################################################################### 1438 1439 1440# Fiji 1441 1442# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1443# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1444# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1445 1446# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1447# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1448# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1449# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1450 1451# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1452# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1453 1454# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1455# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1456# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1457# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1458# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1459# millenium. 1460 1461# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1462# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1463 1464# Johnston 1465 1466# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1467 1468 1469# Kiribati 1470 1471# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1472# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1473# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1474# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1475 1476 1477# Kwajalein 1478 1479# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1480# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1481# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1482# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1483# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1484 1485 1486# N Mariana Is, Guam 1487 1488# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1489# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1490# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1491# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1492# see Asia/Manila. 1493 1494# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1495# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1496# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1497# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1498 1499 1500# Micronesia 1501 1502# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1503# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1504# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1505# 1506# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1507# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1508 1509# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1510# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1511# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1512# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1513# </a> (1999-01-26) 1514# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1515# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1516 1517 1518# Midway 1519 1520# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1521# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1522# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1523# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1524# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1525# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1526# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1527# air at 6am your time. 1528# 1529# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1530# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1531# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1532# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1533 1534 1535# Pitcairn 1536 1537# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1538# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1539# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1540# 1541# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1542# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1543# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1544# 1545# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1546# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1547# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1548 1549# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1550# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1551# ... at midnight. 1552 1553# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1554# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1555# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1556# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1557 1558 1559# Samoa 1560 1561# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1562# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1563# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1564# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1565# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1566 1567 1568# Tonga 1569 1570# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1571# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1572# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1573# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1574 1575# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1576# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1577# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1578# </a>: 1579 1580# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1581# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1582# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1583# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1584# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1585# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1586# 1587# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1588# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1589# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1590# 1591# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1592# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1593# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1594# minutes we have lost?" 1595# 1596# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1597# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1598# to say your prayers in the morning." 1599 1600# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1601# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1602 1603# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1604# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1605# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1606# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1607# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1608# Government. 1609 1610# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1611# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1612# 1613# I was given this link by John Letts: 1614# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1615# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1616# </a> 1617# 1618# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1619# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1620# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1621# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1622 1623# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1624# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1625# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1626# </a>: 1627# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1628# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1629# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1630# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1631# set back an hour on the closing date." 1632# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1633 1634# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1635# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1636# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1637 1638# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1639# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1640# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1641# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1642# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1643# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1644# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1645 1646# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1647# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1648 1649# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1650# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1651# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1652# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1653# hour to 1:00am. 1654 1655# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1656# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1657 1658 1659# Wake 1660 1661# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1662# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1663# 1664# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1665# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1666# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1667# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1668# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1669# impossible. 1670# 1671# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1672 1673# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1674# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1675 1676############################################################################### 1677 1678# The International Date Line 1679 1680# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1681# 1682# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1683# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1684# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1685# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1686# 1687# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1688# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1689# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1690# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1691# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1692# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1693# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1694# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1695# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1696# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1697# correct date is ambiguous. 1698 1699# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1700# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1701# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1702# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1703# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1704# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1705# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1706# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1707# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1708# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1709# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1710# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1711# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1712 1713# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1714# (2005-03-20): 1715# 1716# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1717# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1718# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1719# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1720