australasia revision 226976
1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.29 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 99 9:00 - CST 1899 May 100 9:30 Aus CST 1971 101 9:30 AS CST 102 103# Tasmania 104# 105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108# 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 133 10:00 Aus EST 1967 134 10:00 AT EST 135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139 10:00 AT EST 140 141# Victoria 142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 159 10:00 Aus EST 1971 160 10:00 AV EST 161 162# New South Wales 163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 182 10:00 Aus EST 1971 183 10:00 AN EST 184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 186 9:00 - CST 1899 May 187 9:30 Aus CST 1971 188 9:30 AN CST 2000 189 9:30 AS CST 190 191# Lord Howe Island 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 209 10:30 LH LHST 210 211# Australian miscellany 212# 213# Ashmore Is, Cartier 214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215# no times are set 216# 217# Coral Sea Is 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219# no times are set 220# 221# Macquarie 222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224# like Australia/Hobart 225 226# Christmas 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 230 231# Cook Is 232# From Shanks & Pottenger: 233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 241 242# Cocos 243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 248 249# Fiji 250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253# 254# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257# </a> 258# or 259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261# </a> 262 263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265# amendments: 266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268# </a> 269 270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275# 276# Official source: 277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279# </a> 280# 281# A bit more background info here: 282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284# </a> 285 286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293# </a> 294# or 295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297# </a> 298 299# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 300# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 301# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 302# 303# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 304# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 305# </a> 306# which says 307# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 308# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 309# 2am on February 26 next year. 310 311# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 312# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 313# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 314# 315# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 316# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 317# </a> 318# states: 319# 320# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 321# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 322# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 323# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 324 325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 326Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 327Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 328Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 329Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 330Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 331Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 332Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S 333Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 - 334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 336 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 337 338# French Polynesia 339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 340Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 341 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 342Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 343 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 344Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 345 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 346# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 347# it is uninhabited. 348 349# Guam 350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 352 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 353 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 354 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 355 356# Kiribati 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 359 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 360Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 361 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 362 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 363 13:00 - PHOT 364Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 365 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 366 -10:00 - LINT 1995 367 14:00 - LINT 368 369# N Mariana Is 370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 371Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 372 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 373 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 374 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376 377# Marshall Is 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 380 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 381 12:00 - MHT 382Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 383 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 384 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 385 12:00 - MHT 386 387# Micronesia 388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 389Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 390 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 391Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 392 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 393Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 394 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 395 12:00 - KOST 1999 396 11:00 - KOST 397 398# Nauru 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 401 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 402 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 403 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 404 12:00 - NRT 405 406# New Caledonia 407# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 408Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 409Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 410Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 411# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 412Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 415 11:00 NC NC%sT 416 417 418############################################################################### 419 420# New Zealand 421 422# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 423Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 424Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 425Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 426Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 427Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 428Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 429Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 430# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 431# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 432Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 433Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 434Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 435Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 436Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 437Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 438Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 439Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 440Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 441Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 442Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 443Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 444Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 445Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 446Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 447Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 448Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 449Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 452 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 453 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 454Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 455 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 456 457 458# Auckland Is 459# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 460# and scientific personnel have wintered 461 462# Campbell I 463# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 464# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 465# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 466# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 467 468############################################################################### 469 470 471# Niue 472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 474 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 475 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 476 -11:00 - NUT 477 478# Norfolk 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 481 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 482 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 483 484# Palau (Belau) 485# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 487 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 488 489# Papua New Guinea 490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 492 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 493 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 494 495# Pitcairn 496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 498 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 499 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 500 501# American Samoa 502Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 503 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 504 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 505 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 506 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 507 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 508 509# Samoa 510 511# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 512# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 513# the following info: 514# 515# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 516# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 517# Sunday of April 2011." 518# 519# Background info: 520# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 521# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 522# </a> 523# 524# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 525# contain any dates: 526# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 527# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 528# </a> 529 530# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 531# Please see 532# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 533# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 534# </a>, 535# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 536# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 537# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 538# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 539 540# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 541# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 542# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 543# www.mcil.gov.ws 544# </a> 545# 546# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 547# 548# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 549# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 550# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 551# 552# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 553# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 554# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 555# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 556# 557# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 558# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 559 560# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 561# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 562# 563# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 564# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 565# </a> 566 567# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 568# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 569# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 570# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 571# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 572# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 573# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 574# 575# International Date Line Bill 2011 576# 577# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 578# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 579# Line, and for related purposes. 580# 581# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 582# assembled as follows: 583# 584# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 585# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 586# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 587# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 588# 589# [snip] 590# 591# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 592# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 593# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 594# 595# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 596# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 597# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 598# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 599# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 600# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 601# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 602# it defines Samoa standard time.... 603 604# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 605# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 606# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 607# </a> 608# 609# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 610# 611# DST 612# Year End Time Start Time 613# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 614# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 615# 616# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 617# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 618# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 619Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 620 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 621 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 622 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 623 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 624 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 625 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 626 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 627 13:00 - WST 628 629# Solomon Is 630# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 631# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 633 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 634 635# Tokelau Is 636# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 637Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 638 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 639 640# Tonga 641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 642Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 643Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 644Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 645Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 646# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 647Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 648 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 649 13:00 - TOT 1999 650 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 651 652# Tuvalu 653# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 654Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 655 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 656 657 658# US minor outlying islands 659 660# Howland, Baker 661# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 662# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 663# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 664# uninhabited thereafter. 665# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 666# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 667# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 668# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 669# until they were abandoned after the war. 670 671# Jarvis 672# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 673# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 674# uninhabited thereafter. 675# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 676 677# Johnston 678# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 679Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 680 681# Kingman 682# uninhabited 683 684# Midway 685# 686# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 687# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 688# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 689# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 690# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 691# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 692# designations that I've never seen before:.... 693# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 694# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 695# 696Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 697 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 698 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 699 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 700 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 701 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 702 703# Palmyra 704# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 705 706# Wake 707# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 708Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 709 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 710 711 712# Vanuatu 713# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 714Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 715Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 716Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 717Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 718Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 719Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 720# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 722 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 723 724# Wallis and Futuna 725# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 726Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 727 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 728 729############################################################################### 730 731# NOTES 732 733# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 734# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 735# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 736 737# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 738# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 739# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 740# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 741# 742# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 743# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 744# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 745# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 746# of the IATA's data after 1990. 747# 748# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 749# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 750# 751# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 752# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 753# I found in the UCLA library. 754# 755# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 756# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 757# 758# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 759# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 760# Corrections are welcome! 761# std dst 762# LMT Local Mean Time 763# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 764# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 765# 9:00 JST Japan 766# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 767# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 768# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 769# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 770# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 771# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 772# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 773# -11:00 SST Samoa 774# -10:00 HST Hawaii 775# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 776# 777# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 778# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 779 780############################################################################### 781 782# Australia 783 784# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 785# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 786# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 787# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 788 789# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 790# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 791# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 792# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 793 794# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 795# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 796# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 797# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 798# abbreviation does _not_ change... 799# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 800# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 801# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 802# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 803# time'. 804# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 805# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 806# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 807# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 808# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 809# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 810# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 811 812# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 813# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 814# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 815# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 816# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 817 818# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 819# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 820# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 821# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 822# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 823 824# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 825# versus "AEST" etc.: 826# 827# I see the following points of dispute: 828# 829# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 830# 831# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 832# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 833# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 834# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 835# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 836# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 837# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 838# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 839# 840# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 841# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 842# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 843# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 844# 845# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 846# 847# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 848# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 849# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 850# Time, for example. 851# 852# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 853# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 854# tiebreaker. 855# 856# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 857# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 858# the word "Australian"? 859# 860# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 861# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 862# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 863# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 864# following count of page hits: 865# 866# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 867# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 868# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 869# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 870# 871# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 872# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 873# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 874# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 875# 876# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 877# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 878# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 879# are the hit counts anyway: 880# 881# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 882# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 883# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 884# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 885# 886# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 887# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 888# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 889# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 890# 891# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 892# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 893# 894# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 895# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 896# the ambiguities involved. 897# 898# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 899# 900# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 901# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 902# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 903# understood in Australia. 904 905# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 906# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 907# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 908# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 909# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 910# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 911# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 912 913# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 914# 915# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 916# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 917# relevant entries in this database. 918# 919# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 920# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 921# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 922# </a> 923# ACT 924# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 925# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 926# </a> 927# SA 928# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 929# Standard Time Act, 1898 930# </a> 931 932# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 933# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 934# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 935# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 936# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 937# 938# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 939# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 940# to extend DST together in 2006. 941# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 942# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 943# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 944# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 945# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 946# allude to it. 947# But not Queensland 948# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 949 950# Northern Territory 951 952# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 953# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 954# # [ Nov 1990 ] 955# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 956# ... 957# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 958 959# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 960# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 961# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 962 963# Western Australia 964 965# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 966# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 967# # [ Nov 1990 ] 968# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 969# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 970# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 971# # before reaching parliament. 972# ... 973# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 974# ... 975# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 976# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 977# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 978# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 979 980# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 981# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 982# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 983 984# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 985# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 986# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 987# work at 9.00am.) 988# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 989# everybody again. 990 991# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 992# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 993# it matches what was used in the past. 994 995# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 996# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 997# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 998# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 999 1000# Queensland 1001# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1002# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1003# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1004# ... 1005# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1006# ... 1007# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1008# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1009# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1010# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1011 1012# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1013# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1014# October 1989). 1015 1016# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1017# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1018# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1019# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1020 1021# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1022# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1023# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1024# me.) 1025 1026# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1027# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1028# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1029# ... 1030# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1031# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1032# ... 1033 1034# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1035# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1036 1037# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1038# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1039# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1040# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1041 1042# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1043# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1044# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1045# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1046# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1047# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1048# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1049# Australia and Western Australia.... 1050# 1051# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1052# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1053# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1054# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1055# 1056# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1057# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1058# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1059# coast of the continent. 1060# 1061# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1062# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1063# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1064# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1065# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1066# 1067# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1068# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1069# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1070# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1071# 1072# (2006-12-09): 1073# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1074# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1075# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1076# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1077 1078# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1079# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1080# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1081 1082 1083# southeast Australia 1084# 1085# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1086# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1087# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1088# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1089 1090 1091# South Australia 1092 1093# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1094# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1095# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1096# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1097 1098# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1099# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1100# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1101# ... 1102# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1103# ... 1104# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1105# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1106# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1107# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1108 1109# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1110# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1111# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1112# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1113 1114# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1115# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1116# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1117# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1118# is on... 1119 1120# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1121# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1122# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1123# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1124 1125# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1126# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1127# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1128# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1129 1130# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1131# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1132# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1133# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1134 1135# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1136# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1137 1138# Tasmania 1139 1140# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1141# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1142# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1143# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1144 1145# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1146# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1147# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1148# (but nothing new about that). 1149 1150# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1151# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1152# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1153# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1154# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1155# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1156 1157# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1158# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1159 1160# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1161# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1162 1163# Victoria 1164 1165# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1166# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1167# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1168# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1169 1170# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1171# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1172# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1173# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1174# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1175# in Melbourne, Australia. 1176# 1177# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1178# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1179# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1180# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1181# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1182# expected time. 1183# 1184# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1185# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1186# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1187# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1188# 1189# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1190# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1191 1192# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1193# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1194 1195# New South Wales 1196 1197# From Arthur David Olson: 1198# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1199# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1200# who notes: 1201# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1202# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1203# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1204# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1205# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1206# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1207 1208# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1209# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1210# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1211# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1212# Two months more daylight saving 1213# </a> 1214# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1215 1216# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1217# See the following official NSW source: 1218# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1219# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1220# </a> 1221# 1222# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1223# daylight saving next year. See: 1224# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1225# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1226# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1227# 1228# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1229# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1230# Vic to extend daylight saving 1231# </a> (1999-07-28). 1232# 1233# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1234# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1235# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1236# </a> (1999-07-19). 1237# 1238# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1239# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1240# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1241# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1242# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1243# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1244# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1245# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1246# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1247# 1248# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1249# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1250# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1251# </a> (1999-07-21). 1252 1253# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1254# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1255# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1256 1257# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1258# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1259# towns to use Queensland time. 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1262# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1263 1264# Yancowinna 1265 1266# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1267# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1268 1269# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1270# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1271# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1272# ... 1273# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1274# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1275# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1276# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1277# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1278# # presently available. 1279# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1280# ... 1281# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1282# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1283# [followed by other Rules] 1284 1285# Lord Howe Island 1286 1287# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1288# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1289# [ Dec 1990 ] 1290# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1291# hour ahead of NSW time. 1292 1293# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1294# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1295# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1296# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1297# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1298# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1299# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1300# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1301# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1302# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1303 1304# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1305# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1306# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1307# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1308# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1309# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1310 1311# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1312# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1313# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1314 1315# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1316# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1317 1318# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1319# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1320# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1321# summer (southern hemisphere). 1322# 1323# From 1324# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1325# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1326# </a> 1327# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1328# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1329# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1330# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1331# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1332# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1333# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1334# 1335# We have a wrap-up here: 1336# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1337# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1338# </a> 1339############################################################################### 1340 1341# New Zealand 1342 1343# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1344# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1345# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1346# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1347# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1348 1349# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1350# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1351# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1352# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1353# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1354# ... 1355# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1356# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1357# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1358# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1359# ... 1360# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1361# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1362 1363# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1364# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1365# rather than the October 1 value. 1366 1367# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1368# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1369# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1370# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1371# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1372# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1373# 1374# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1375# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1376# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1377# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1378# 1379# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1380# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1381# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1382 1383# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1384# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1385# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1386# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1387# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1388 1389############################################################################### 1390 1391 1392# Fiji 1393 1394# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1395# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1396# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1397 1398# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1399# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1400# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1401# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1402 1403# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1404# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1405 1406# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1407# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1408# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1409# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1410# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1411# millenium. 1412 1413# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1414# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1415 1416# Johnston 1417 1418# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1419 1420 1421# Kiribati 1422 1423# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1424# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1425# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1426# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1427 1428 1429# Kwajalein 1430 1431# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1432# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1433# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1434# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1435# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1436 1437 1438# N Mariana Is, Guam 1439 1440# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1441# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1442# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1443# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1444# see Asia/Manila. 1445 1446# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1447# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1448# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1449# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1450 1451 1452# Micronesia 1453 1454# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1455# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1456# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1457# 1458# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1459# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1460 1461# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1462# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1463# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1464# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1465# </a> (1999-01-26) 1466# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1467# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1468 1469 1470# Midway 1471 1472# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1473# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1474# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1475# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1476# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1477# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1478# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1479# air at 6am your time. 1480# 1481# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1482# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1483# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1484# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1485 1486 1487# Pitcairn 1488 1489# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1490# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1491# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1492# 1493# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1494# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1495# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1496# 1497# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1498# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1499# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1500 1501# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1502# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1503# ... at midnight. 1504 1505# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1506# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1507# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1508# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1509 1510 1511# Samoa 1512 1513# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1514# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1515# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1516# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1517# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1518 1519 1520# Tonga 1521 1522# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1523# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1524# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1525# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1526 1527# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1528# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1529# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1530# </a>: 1531 1532# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1533# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1534# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1535# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1536# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1537# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1538# 1539# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1540# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1541# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1542# 1543# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1544# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1545# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1546# minutes we have lost?" 1547# 1548# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1549# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1550# to say your prayers in the morning." 1551 1552# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1553# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1554 1555# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1556# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1557# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1558# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1559# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1560# Government. 1561 1562# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1563# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1564# 1565# I was given this link by John Letts: 1566# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1567# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1568# </a> 1569# 1570# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1571# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1572# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1573# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1574 1575# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1576# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1577# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1578# </a>: 1579# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1580# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1581# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1582# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1583# set back an hour on the closing date." 1584# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1585 1586# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1587# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1588# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1589 1590# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1591# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1592# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1593# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1594# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1595# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1596# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1597 1598# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1599# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1600 1601# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1602# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1603# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1604# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1605# hour to 1:00am. 1606 1607# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1608# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1609 1610 1611# Wake 1612 1613# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1614# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1615# 1616# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1617# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1618# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1619# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1620# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1621# impossible. 1622# 1623# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1624 1625# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1626# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1627 1628############################################################################### 1629 1630# The International Date Line 1631 1632# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1633# 1634# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1635# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1636# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1637# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1638# 1639# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1640# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1641# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1642# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1643# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1644# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1645# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1646# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1647# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1648# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1649# correct date is ambiguous. 1650 1651# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1652# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1653# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1654# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1655# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1656# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1657# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1658# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1659# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1660# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1661# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1662# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1663# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1664 1665# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1666# (2005-03-20): 1667# 1668# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1669# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1670# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1671# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1672