australasia revision 214722
1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.20 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 98# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 99Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 100 9:00 - CST 1899 May 101 9:30 Aus CST 1971 102 9:30 AS CST 103 104# Tasmania 105# 106# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109# 110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 114Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1967 135 10:00 AT EST 136Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140 10:00 AT EST 141 142# Victoria 143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 148Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 150Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 161 10:00 AV EST 162 163# New South Wales 164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 173Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 175Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 Aus EST 1971 184 10:00 AN EST 185Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 187 9:00 - CST 1899 May 188 9:30 Aus CST 1971 189 9:30 AN CST 2000 190 9:30 AS CST 191 192# Lord Howe Island 193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 195Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 200Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 202Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 208Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 210 10:30 LH LHST 211 212# Australian miscellany 213# 214# Ashmore Is, Cartier 215# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216# no times are set 217# 218# Coral Sea Is 219# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220# no times are set 221# 222# Macquarie 223# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 224# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225# like Australia/Hobart 226 227# Christmas 228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 231 232# Cook Is 233# From Shanks & Pottenger: 234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 235Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 236Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 237Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 239Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 242 243# Cocos 244# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 249 250# Fiji 251# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 252# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 253# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 254# 255# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 256# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 257# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 258# </a> 259# or 260# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 261# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 262# </a> 263 264# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 265# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 266# amendments: 267# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 268# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 269# </a> 270 271# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 272# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 273# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 274# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 275# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 276# 277# Official source: 278# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 279# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 280# </a> 281# 282# A bit more background info here: 283# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 284# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 285# </a> 286 287# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 288# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 289# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 290# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 291# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 292# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 293# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 294# </a> 295# or 296# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 297# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 298# </a> 299 300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 301Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 302Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 303Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 304Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 305Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 306Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 307# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 308Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 309 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 310 311# French Polynesia 312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 314 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 315Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 316 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 317Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 318 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 319# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 320# it is uninhabited. 321 322# Guam 323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 324Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 325 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 326 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 327 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 328 329# Kiribati 330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 331Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 332 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 333Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 334 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 335 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 336 13:00 - PHOT 337Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 338 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 339 -10:00 - LINT 1995 340 14:00 - LINT 341 342# N Mariana Is 343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 344Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 345 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 346 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 347 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 348 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 349 350# Marshall Is 351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 353 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 354 12:00 - MHT 355Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 356 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 357 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 358 12:00 - MHT 359 360# Micronesia 361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 363 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 364Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 365 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 366Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 367 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 368 12:00 - KOST 1999 369 11:00 - KOST 370 371# Nauru 372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 374 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 375 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 376 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 377 12:00 - NRT 378 379# New Caledonia 380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 381Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 382Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 383Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 384# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 385Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 386# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 388 11:00 NC NC%sT 389 390 391############################################################################### 392 393# New Zealand 394 395# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 396Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 397Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 398Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 399Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 400Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 401Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 402Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 403# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 404# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 405Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 406Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 407Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 408Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 409Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 410Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 411Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 412Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 413Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 414Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 415Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 416Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 417Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 418Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 419Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 420Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 421Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 422Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 425 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 426 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 427Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 428 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 429 430 431# Auckland Is 432# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 433# and scientific personnel have wintered 434 435# Campbell I 436# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 437# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 438# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 439# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 440 441############################################################################### 442 443 444# Niue 445# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 446Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 447 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 448 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 449 -11:00 - NUT 450 451# Norfolk 452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 454 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 455 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 456 457# Palau (Belau) 458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 459Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 460 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 461 462# Papua New Guinea 463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 464Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 465 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 466 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 467 468# Pitcairn 469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 471 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 472 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 473 474# American Samoa 475Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 476 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 477 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 478 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 479 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 480 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 481 482# Samoa 483 484# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 485# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 486# the following info: 487# 488# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 489# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 490# Sunday of April 2011." 491# 492# Background info: 493# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 494# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 495# </a> 496# 497# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 498# contain any dates: 499# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 500# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 501# </a> 502 503# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 504# Please see 505# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 506# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 507# </a>, 508# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 509# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 510# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 511# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 512 513Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 514 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 515 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 516 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 517 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3 1:00 518 -11:00 - WST 519 520# Solomon Is 521# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 522# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 524 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 525 526# Tokelau Is 527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 528Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 529 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 530 531# Tonga 532# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 533Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 534Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 535Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 536Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 538Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 539 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 540 13:00 - TOT 1999 541 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 542 543# Tuvalu 544# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 546 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 547 548 549# US minor outlying islands 550 551# Howland, Baker 552# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 553# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 554# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 555# uninhabited thereafter. 556# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 557# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 558# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 559# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 560# until they were abandoned after the war. 561 562# Jarvis 563# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 564# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 565# uninhabited thereafter. 566# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 567 568# Johnston 569# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 570Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 571 572# Kingman 573# uninhabited 574 575# Midway 576# 577# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 578# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 579# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 580# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 581# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 582# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 583# designations that I've never seen before:.... 584# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 585# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 586# 587Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 588 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 589 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 590 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 591 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 592 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 593 594# Palmyra 595# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 596 597# Wake 598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 599Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 600 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 601 602 603# Vanuatu 604# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 605Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 606Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 607Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 608Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 609Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 610Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 611# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 613 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 614 615# Wallis and Futuna 616# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 617Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 618 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 619 620############################################################################### 621 622# NOTES 623 624# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 625# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 626# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 627 628# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 629# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 630# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 631# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 632# 633# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 634# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 635# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 636# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 637# of the IATA's data after 1990. 638# 639# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 640# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 641# 642# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 643# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 644# I found in the UCLA library. 645# 646# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 647# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 648# 649# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 650# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 651# Corrections are welcome! 652# std dst 653# LMT Local Mean Time 654# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 655# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 656# 9:00 JST Japan 657# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 658# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 659# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 660# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 661# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 662# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 663# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 664# -11:00 SST Samoa 665# -10:00 HST Hawaii 666# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 667# 668# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 669# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 670 671############################################################################### 672 673# Australia 674 675# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 676# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 677# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 678# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 679 680# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 681# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 682# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 683# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 684 685# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 686# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 687# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 688# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 689# abbreviation does _not_ change... 690# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 691# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 692# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 693# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 694# time'. 695# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 696# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 697# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 698# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 699# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 700# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 701# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 702 703# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 704# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 705# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 706# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 707# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 708 709# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 710# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 711# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 712# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 713# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 714 715# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 716# versus "AEST" etc.: 717# 718# I see the following points of dispute: 719# 720# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 721# 722# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 723# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 724# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 725# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 726# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 727# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 728# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 729# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 730# 731# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 732# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 733# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 734# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 735# 736# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 737# 738# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 739# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 740# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 741# Time, for example. 742# 743# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 744# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 745# tiebreaker. 746# 747# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 748# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 749# the word "Australian"? 750# 751# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 752# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 753# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 754# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 755# following count of page hits: 756# 757# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 758# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 759# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 760# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 761# 762# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 763# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 764# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 765# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 766# 767# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 768# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 769# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 770# are the hit counts anyway: 771# 772# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 773# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 774# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 775# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 776# 777# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 778# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 779# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 780# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 781# 782# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 783# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 784# 785# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 786# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 787# the ambiguities involved. 788# 789# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 790# 791# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 792# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 793# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 794# understood in Australia. 795 796# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 797# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 798# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 799# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 800# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 801# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 802# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 803 804# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 805# 806# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 807# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 808# relevant entries in this database. 809# 810# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 811# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 812# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 813# </a> 814# ACT 815# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 816# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 817# </a> 818# SA 819# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 820# Standard Time Act, 1898 821# </a> 822 823# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 824# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 825# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 826# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 827# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 828# 829# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 830# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 831# to extend DST together in 2006. 832# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 833# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 834# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 835# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 836# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 837# allude to it. 838# But not Queensland 839# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 840 841# Northern Territory 842 843# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 844# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 845# # [ Nov 1990 ] 846# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 847# ... 848# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 849 850# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 851# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 852# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 853 854# Western Australia 855 856# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 857# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 858# # [ Nov 1990 ] 859# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 860# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 861# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 862# # before reaching parliament. 863# ... 864# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 865# ... 866# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 867# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 868# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 869# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 870 871# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 872# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 873# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 874 875# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 876# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 877# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 878# work at 9.00am.) 879# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 880# everybody again. 881 882# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 883# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 884# it matches what was used in the past. 885 886# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 887# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 888# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 889# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 890 891# Queensland 892# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 893# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 894# # [ Dec 1990 ] 895# ... 896# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 897# ... 898# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 899# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 900# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 901# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 902 903# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 904# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 905# October 1989). 906 907# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 908# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 909# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 910# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 911 912# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 913# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 914# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 915# me.) 916 917# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 918# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 919# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 920# ... 921# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 922# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 923# ... 924 925# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 926# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 927 928# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 929# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 930# WA are trialing DST for three years. 931# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 932 933# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 934# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 935# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 936# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 937# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 938# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 939# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 940# Australia and Western Australia.... 941# 942# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 943# This is confirmed by the section entitled 944# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 945# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 946# 947# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 948# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 949# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 950# coast of the continent. 951# 952# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 953# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 954# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 955# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 956# the largest population centre in this zone.... 957# 958# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 959# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 960# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 961# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 962# 963# (2006-12-09): 964# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 965# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 966# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 967# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 968 969# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 970# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 971# introduction of standard time in 1895. 972 973 974# southeast Australia 975# 976# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 977# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 978# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 979# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 980 981 982# South Australia 983 984# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 985# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 986# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 987# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 988 989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 990# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 991# # [ Nov 1990 ] 992# ... 993# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 994# ... 995# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 996# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 997# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 998# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 999 1000# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1001# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1002# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1003# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1004 1005# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1006# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1007# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1008# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1009# is on... 1010 1011# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1012# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1013# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1014# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1015 1016# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1017# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1018# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1019# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1020 1021# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1022# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1023# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1024# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1025 1026# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1027# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1028 1029# Tasmania 1030 1031# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1032# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1033# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1034# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1035 1036# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1037# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1038# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1039# (but nothing new about that). 1040 1041# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1042# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1043# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1044# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1045# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1046# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1047 1048# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1049# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1050 1051# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1052# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1053 1054# Victoria 1055 1056# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1057# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1058# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1059# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1060 1061# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1062# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1063# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1064# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1065# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1066# in Melbourne, Australia. 1067# 1068# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1069# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1070# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1071# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1072# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1073# expected time. 1074# 1075# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1076# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1077# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1078# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1079# 1080# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1081# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1082 1083# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1084# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1085 1086# New South Wales 1087 1088# From Arthur David Olson: 1089# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1090# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1091# who notes: 1092# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1093# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1094# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1095# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1096# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1097# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1098 1099# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1100# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1101# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1102# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1103# Two months more daylight saving 1104# </a> 1105# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1106 1107# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1108# See the following official NSW source: 1109# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1110# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1111# </a> 1112# 1113# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1114# daylight saving next year. See: 1115# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1116# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1117# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1118# 1119# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1120# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1121# Vic to extend daylight saving 1122# </a> (1999-07-28). 1123# 1124# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1125# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1126# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1127# </a> (1999-07-19). 1128# 1129# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1130# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1131# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1132# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1133# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1134# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1135# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1136# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1137# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1138# 1139# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1140# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1141# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1142# </a> (1999-07-21). 1143 1144# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1145# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1146# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1147 1148# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1149# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1150# towns to use Queensland time. 1151 1152# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1153# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1154 1155# Yancowinna 1156 1157# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1158# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1159 1160# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1161# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1162# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1163# ... 1164# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1165# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1166# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1167# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1168# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1169# # presently available. 1170# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1171# ... 1172# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1173# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1174# [followed by other Rules] 1175 1176# Lord Howe Island 1177 1178# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1179# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1180# [ Dec 1990 ] 1181# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1182# hour ahead of NSW time. 1183 1184# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1185# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1186# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1187# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1188# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1189# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1190# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1191# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1192# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1193# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1194 1195# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1196# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1197# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1198# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1199# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1200# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1201 1202# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1203# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1204# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1205 1206# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1207# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1208 1209# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1210# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1211# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1212# summer (southern hemisphere). 1213# 1214# From 1215# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1216# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1217# </a> 1218# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1219# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1220# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1221# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1222# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1223# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1224# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1225# 1226# We have a wrap-up here: 1227# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1228# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1229# </a> 1230############################################################################### 1231 1232# New Zealand 1233 1234# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1235# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1236# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1237# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1238# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1239 1240# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1241# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1242# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1243# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1244# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1245# ... 1246# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1247# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1248# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1249# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1250# ... 1251# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1252# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1253 1254# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1255# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1256# rather than the October 1 value. 1257 1258# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1259# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1260# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1261# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1262# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1263# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1264# 1265# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1266# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1267# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1268# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1269# 1270# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1271# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1272# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1273 1274# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1275# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1276# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1277# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1278# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1279 1280############################################################################### 1281 1282 1283# Fiji 1284 1285# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1286# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1287# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1288 1289# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1290# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1291# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1292# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1293 1294# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1295# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1296 1297# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1298# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1299# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1300# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1301# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1302# millenium. 1303 1304# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1305# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1306 1307# Johnston 1308 1309# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1310 1311 1312# Kiribati 1313 1314# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1315# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1316# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1317# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1318 1319 1320# Kwajalein 1321 1322# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1323# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1324# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1325# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1326# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1327 1328 1329# N Mariana Is, Guam 1330 1331# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1332# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1333# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1334# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1335# see Asia/Manila. 1336 1337# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1338# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1339# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1340# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1341 1342 1343# Micronesia 1344 1345# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1346# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1347# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1348# 1349# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1350# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1351 1352# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1353# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1354# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1355# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1356# </a> (1999-01-26) 1357# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1358# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1359 1360 1361# Midway 1362 1363# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1364# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1365# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1366# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1367# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1368# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1369# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1370# air at 6am your time. 1371# 1372# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1373# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1374# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1375# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1376 1377 1378# Pitcairn 1379 1380# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1381# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1382# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1383# 1384# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1385# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1386# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1387# 1388# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1389# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1390# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1391 1392# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1393# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1394# ... at midnight. 1395 1396# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1397# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1398# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1399# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1400 1401 1402# Samoa 1403 1404# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1405# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1406# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1407# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1408# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1409 1410 1411# Tonga 1412 1413# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1414# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1415# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1416# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1417 1418# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1419# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1420# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1421# </a>: 1422 1423# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1424# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1425# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1426# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1427# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1428# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1429# 1430# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1431# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1432# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1433# 1434# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1435# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1436# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1437# minutes we have lost?" 1438# 1439# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1440# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1441# to say your prayers in the morning." 1442 1443# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1444# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1445 1446# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1447# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1448# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1449# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1450# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1451# Government. 1452 1453# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1454# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1455# 1456# I was given this link by John Letts: 1457# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1458# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1459# </a> 1460# 1461# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1462# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1463# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1464# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1465 1466# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1467# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1468# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1469# </a>: 1470# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1471# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1472# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1473# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1474# set back an hour on the closing date." 1475# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1476 1477# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1478# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1479# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1480 1481# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1482# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1483# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1484# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1485# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1486# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1487# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1488 1489# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1490# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1491 1492# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1493# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1494# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1495# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1496# hour to 1:00am. 1497 1498# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1499# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1500 1501 1502# Wake 1503 1504# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1505# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1506# 1507# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1508# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1509# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1510# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1511# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1512# impossible. 1513# 1514# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1515 1516# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1517# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1518 1519############################################################################### 1520 1521# The International Date Line 1522 1523# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1524# 1525# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1526# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1527# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1528# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1529# 1530# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1531# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1532# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1533# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1534# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1535# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1536# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1537# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1538# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1539# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1540# correct date is ambiguous. 1541 1542# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1543# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1544# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1545# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1546# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1547# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1548# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1549# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1550# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1551# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1552# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1553# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1554# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1555 1556# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1557# (2005-03-20): 1558# 1559# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1560# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1561# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1562# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1563