australasia revision 171948
1# @(#)australasia 8.8 2# <pre> 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - CST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus CST 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW WST 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW CWST 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus EST 1971 72 10:00 AQ EST 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus EST 1971 75 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday EST 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223# like Australia/Hobart 224 225# Christmas 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 229 230# Cook Is 231# From Shanks & Pottenger: 232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 233Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 234Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 235Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 240 241# Cocos 242# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 247 248# Fiji 249# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 250Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 251Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 254 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 255 256# French Polynesia 257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 259 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 260Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 261 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 262Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 263 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 264# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 265# it is uninhabited. 266 267# Guam 268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 270 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 271 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 272 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 273 274# Kiribati 275# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 276Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 277 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 278Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 279 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 280 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 281 13:00 - PHOT 282Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 283 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 284 -10:00 - LINT 1995 285 14:00 - LINT 286 287# N Mariana Is 288# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 290 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 291 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 292 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 293 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 294 295# Marshall Is 296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 298 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 299 12:00 - MHT 300Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 301 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 302 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 303 12:00 - MHT 304 305# Micronesia 306# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 307Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 308 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 309Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 310 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 311Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 312 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 313 12:00 - KOST 1999 314 11:00 - KOST 315 316# Nauru 317# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 318Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 319 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 320 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 321 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 322 12:00 - NRT 323 324# New Caledonia 325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 326Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 327Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 328Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 329# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 330Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 331# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 332Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 333 11:00 NC NC%sT 334 335 336############################################################################### 337 338# New Zealand 339 340# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 341Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 342Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 343Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 344Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 345Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 346Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 347Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 348# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 349# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 350Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 351Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 352Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 353Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 354Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 355Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 356Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 357Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 358Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 359Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 360Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 361Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 362Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 363Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 364Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 365Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 366Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 367Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 370 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 371 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 372Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 373 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 374 375 376# Auckland Is 377# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 378# and scientific personnel have wintered 379 380# Campbell I 381# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 382# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 383# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 384# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 385 386############################################################################### 387 388 389# Niue 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 392 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 393 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 394 -11:00 - NUT 395 396# Norfolk 397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 398Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 399 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 400 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 401 402# Palau (Belau) 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 405 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 406 407# Papua New Guinea 408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 410 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 411 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 412 413# Pitcairn 414# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 416 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 417 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 418 419# American Samoa 420Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 421 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 422 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 423 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 424 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 425 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 426 427# Samoa 428Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 429 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 430 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 431 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 432 433# Solomon Is 434# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 437 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 438 439# Tokelau Is 440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 442 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 443 444# Tonga 445# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 446Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 447Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 448Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 449Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 452 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 453 13:00 - TOT 1999 454 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 455 456# Tuvalu 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 459 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 460 461 462# US minor outlying islands 463 464# Howland, Baker 465# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 466# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 467# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 468# uninhabited thereafter. 469# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 470# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 471# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 472# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 473# until they were abandoned after the war. 474 475# Jarvis 476# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 477# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 478# uninhabited thereafter. 479# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 480 481# Johnston 482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 483Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 484 485# Kingman 486# uninhabited 487 488# Midway 489# 490# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 491# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 492# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 493# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 494# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 495# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 496# designations that I've never seen before:.... 497# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 498# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 499# 500Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 501 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 502 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 503 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 504 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 505 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 506 507# Palmyra 508# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 509 510# Wake 511# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 512Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 513 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 514 515 516# Vanuatu 517# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 518Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 519Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 520Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 521Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 522Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 523Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 524# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 526 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 527 528# Wallis and Futuna 529# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 531 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 532 533############################################################################### 534 535# NOTES 536 537# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 538# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 539# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 540 541# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 542# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 543# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 544# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 545# 546# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 547# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 548# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 549# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 550# of the IATA's data after 1990. 551# 552# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 553# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 554# 555# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 556# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 557# I found in the UCLA library. 558# 559# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 560# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 561# 562# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 563# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 564# Corrections are welcome! 565# std dst 566# LMT Local Mean Time 567# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 568# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 569# 9:00 JST Japan 570# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 571# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 572# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 573# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 574# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 575# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 576# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 577# -11:00 SST Samoa 578# -10:00 HST Hawaii 579# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 580# 581# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 582# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 583 584############################################################################### 585 586# Australia 587 588# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 589# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 590# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 591# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 592 593# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 594# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 595# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 596# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 597 598# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 599# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 600# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 601# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 602# abbreviation does _not_ change... 603# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 604# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 605# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 606# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 607# time'. 608# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 609# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 610# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 611# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 612# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 613# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 614# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 615 616# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 617# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 618# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 619# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 620# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 621 622# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 623# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 624# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 625# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 626# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 627 628# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 629# versus "AEST" etc.: 630# 631# I see the following points of dispute: 632# 633# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 634# 635# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 636# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 637# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 638# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 639# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 640# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 641# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 642# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 643# 644# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 645# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 646# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 647# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 648# 649# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 650# 651# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 652# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 653# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 654# Time, for example. 655# 656# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 657# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 658# tiebreaker. 659# 660# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 661# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 662# the word "Australian"? 663# 664# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 665# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 666# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 667# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 668# following count of page hits: 669# 670# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 671# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 672# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 673# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 674# 675# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 676# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 677# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 678# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 679# 680# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 681# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 682# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 683# are the hit counts anyway: 684# 685# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 686# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 687# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 688# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 689# 690# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 691# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 692# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 693# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 694# 695# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 696# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 697# 698# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 699# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 700# the ambiguities involved. 701# 702# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 703# 704# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 705# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 706# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 707# understood in Australia. 708 709# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 710# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 711# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 712# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 713# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 714# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 715# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 716 717# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 718# 719# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 720# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 721# relevant entries in this database. 722# 723# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 724# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 725# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 726# </a> 727# ACT 728# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 729# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 730# </a> 731# SA 732# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 733# Standard Time Act, 1898 734# </a> 735 736# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 737# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 738# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 739# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 740# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 741# 742# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 743# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 744# to extend DST together in 2006. 745# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 746# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 747# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 748# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 749# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 750# allude to it. 751# But not Queensland 752# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 753 754# Northern Territory 755 756# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 757# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 758# # [ Nov 1990 ] 759# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 760# ... 761# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 762 763# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 764# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 765# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 766 767# Western Australia 768 769# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 770# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 771# # [ Nov 1990 ] 772# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 773# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 774# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 775# # before reaching parliament. 776# ... 777# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 778# ... 779# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 780# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 781# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 782# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 783 784# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 785# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 786# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 787 788# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 789# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 790# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 791# work at 9.00am.) 792# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 793# everybody again. 794 795# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 796# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 797# it matches what was used in the past. 798 799# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 800# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 801# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 802# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 803 804# Queensland 805# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 806# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 807# # [ Dec 1990 ] 808# ... 809# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 810# ... 811# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 812# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 813# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 814# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 815 816# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 817# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 818# October 1989). 819 820# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 821# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 822# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 823# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 824 825# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 826# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 827# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 828# me.) 829 830# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 831# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 832# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 833# ... 834# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 835# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 836# ... 837 838# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 839# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 840 841# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 842# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 843# WA are trialing DST for three years. 844# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 845 846# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 847# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 848# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 849# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 850# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 851# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 852# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 853# Australia and Western Australia.... 854# 855# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 856# This is confirmed by the section entitled 857# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 858# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 859# 860# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 861# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 862# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 863# coast of the continent. 864# 865# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 866# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 867# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 868# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 869# the largest population centre in this zone.... 870# 871# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 872# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 873# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 874# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 875# 876# (2006-12-09): 877# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 878# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 879# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 880# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 881 882# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 883# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 884# introduction of standard time in 1895. 885 886 887# southeast Australia 888# 889# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 890# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 891# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 892# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 893 894 895# South Australia 896 897# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 898# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 899# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 900# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 901 902# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 903# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 904# # [ Nov 1990 ] 905# ... 906# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 907# ... 908# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 909# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 910# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 911# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 912 913# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 914# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 915# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 916# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 917 918# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 919# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 920# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 921# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 922# is on... 923 924# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 925# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 926# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 927# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 928 929# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 930# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 931# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 932# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 933 934# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 935# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 936# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 937# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 938 939# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 940# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 941 942# Tasmania 943 944# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 945# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 946# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 947# # [ Nov 1990 ] 948 949# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 950# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 951# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 952# (but nothing new about that). 953 954# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 955# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 956# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 957# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 958# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 959# instead of the first Sunday in October. 960 961# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 962# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 963 964# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 965# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 966 967# Victoria 968 969# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 970# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 971# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 972# # [ Nov 1990 ] 973 974# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 975# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 976# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 977# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 978# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 979# in Melbourne, Australia. 980# 981# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 982# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 983# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 984# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 985# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 986# expected time. 987# 988# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 989# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 990# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 991# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 992# 993# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 994# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 995 996# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 997# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 998 999# New South Wales 1000 1001# From Arthur David Olson: 1002# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1003# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1004# who notes: 1005# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1006# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1007# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1008# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1009# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1010# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1011 1012# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1013# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1014# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1015# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1016# Two months more daylight saving 1017# </a> 1018# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1019 1020# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1021# See the following official NSW source: 1022# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1023# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1024# </a> 1025# 1026# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1027# daylight saving next year. See: 1028# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1029# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1030# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1031# 1032# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1033# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1034# Vic to extend daylight saving 1035# </a> (1999-07-28). 1036# 1037# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1038# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1039# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1040# </a> (1999-07-19). 1041# 1042# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1043# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1044# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1045# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1046# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1047# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1048# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1049# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1050# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1051# 1052# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1053# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1054# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1055# </a> (1999-07-21). 1056 1057# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1058# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1059# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1060 1061# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1062# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1063# towns to use Queensland time. 1064 1065# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1066# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1067 1068# Yancowinna 1069 1070# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1071# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1072 1073# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1074# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1075# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1076# ... 1077# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1078# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1079# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1080# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1081# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1082# # presently available. 1083# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1084# ... 1085# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1086# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1087# [followed by other Rules] 1088 1089# Lord Howe Island 1090 1091# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1092# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1093# [ Dec 1990 ] 1094# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1095# hour ahead of NSW time. 1096 1097# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1098# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1099# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1100# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1101# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1102# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1103# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1104# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1105# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1106# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1107 1108# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1109# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1110# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1111# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1112# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1113# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1114 1115# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1116# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1117# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1118 1119# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1120# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1121 1122############################################################################### 1123 1124# New Zealand 1125 1126# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1127# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1128# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1129# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1130# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1131 1132# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1133# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1134# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1135# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1136# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1137# ... 1138# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1139# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1140# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1141# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1142# ... 1143# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1144# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1145 1146# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1147# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1148# rather than the October 1 value. 1149 1150# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1151# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1152# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1153# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1154# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1155# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1156# 1157# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1158# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1159# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1160# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1161# 1162# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1163# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1164# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1165 1166# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1167# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1168# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1169# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1170# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1171 1172############################################################################### 1173 1174 1175# Fiji 1176 1177# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1178# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1179# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1180 1181# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1182# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1183# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1184# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1185 1186# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1187# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1188 1189# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1190# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1191# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1192# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1193# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1194# millenium. 1195 1196# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1197# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1198 1199# Johnston 1200 1201# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1202 1203 1204# Kiribati 1205 1206# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1207# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1208# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1209# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1210 1211 1212# Kwajalein 1213 1214# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1215# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1216# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1217# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1218# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1219 1220 1221# N Mariana Is, Guam 1222 1223# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1224# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1225# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1226# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1227# see Asia/Manila. 1228 1229# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1230# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1231# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1232# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1233 1234 1235# Micronesia 1236 1237# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1238# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1239# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1240# 1241# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1242# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1243 1244# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1245# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1246# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1247# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1248# </a> (1999-01-26) 1249# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1250# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1251 1252 1253# Midway 1254 1255# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1256# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1257# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1258# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1259# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1260# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1261# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1262# air at 6am your time. 1263# 1264# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1265# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1266# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1267# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1268 1269 1270# Pitcairn 1271 1272# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1273# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1274# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1275# 1276# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1277# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1278# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1279# 1280# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1281# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1282# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1283 1284# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1285# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1286# ... at midnight. 1287 1288# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1289# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1290# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1291# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1292 1293 1294# Samoa 1295 1296# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1297# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1298# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1299# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1300# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1301 1302 1303# Tonga 1304 1305# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1306# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1307# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1308# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1309 1310# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1311# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1312# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1313# </a>: 1314 1315# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1316# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1317# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1318# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1319# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1320# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1321# 1322# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1323# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1324# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1325# 1326# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1327# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1328# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1329# minutes we have lost?" 1330# 1331# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1332# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1333# to say your prayers in the morning." 1334 1335# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1336# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1337 1338# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1339# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1340# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1341# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1342# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1343# Government. 1344 1345# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1346# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1347# 1348# I was given this link by John Letts: 1349# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1350# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1351# </a> 1352# 1353# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1354# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1355# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1356# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1357 1358# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1359# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1360# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1361# </a>: 1362# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1363# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1364# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1365# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1366# set back an hour on the closing date." 1367# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1368 1369# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1370# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1371# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1372 1373# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1374# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1375# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1376# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1377# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1378# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1379# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1380 1381# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1382# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1383 1384# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1385# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1386# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1387# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1388# hour to 1:00am. 1389 1390# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1391# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1392 1393 1394# Wake 1395 1396# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1397# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1398# 1399# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1400# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1401# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1402# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1403# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1404# impossible. 1405# 1406# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1407 1408# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1409# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1410 1411############################################################################### 1412 1413# The International Date Line 1414 1415# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1416# 1417# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1418# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1419# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1420# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1421# 1422# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1423# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1424# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1425# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1426# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1427# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1428# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1429# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1430# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1431# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1432# correct date is ambiguous. 1433 1434# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1435# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1436# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1437# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1438# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1439# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1440# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1441# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1442# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1443# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1444# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1445# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1446# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1447 1448# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1449# (2005-03-20): 1450# 1451# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1452# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1453# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1454# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1455