australasia revision 158421
1# @(#)australasia 8.2 2# <pre> 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - CST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus CST 31# Western Australia 32Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 33 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 34 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 39 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 40 8:00 - WST 41# Queensland 42# 43# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 44# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 45# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 46# Queensland ceased to. 47# 48# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 49# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 50# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 51# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 52# so use Lindeman. 53# 54# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 55Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 57Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 60Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 61Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 62 10:00 Aus EST 1971 63 10:00 AQ EST 64Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 65 10:00 Aus EST 1971 66 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 67 10:00 Holiday EST 68 69# South Australia 70# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 73Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 74Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 81Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 82Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 84Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 85# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 87 9:00 - CST 1899 May 88 9:30 Aus CST 1971 89 9:30 AS CST 90 91# Tasmania 92# 93# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 94# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 95# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 96# 97# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 98Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 100Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 101Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 102Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 104Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 105Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 106Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 107Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 108Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 109Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 114Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 118 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 119 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 120 10:00 Aus EST 1967 121 10:00 AT EST 122Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 123 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 124 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 125 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 126 10:00 AT EST 127 128# Victoria 129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 131Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 135Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 136Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 137Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 138Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 139Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 144 10:00 Aus EST 1971 145 10:00 AV EST 146 147# New South Wales 148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 150Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 156Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 157Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 158Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 159Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 160Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 161Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 162Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 Aus EST 1971 166 10:00 AN EST 167Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 168 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 169 9:00 - CST 1899 May 170 9:30 Aus CST 1971 171 9:30 AN CST 2000 172 9:30 AS CST 173 174# Lord Howe Island 175# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 176Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 177Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 178Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 179Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 180Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 181Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 182Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 183Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 184Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 185Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 186Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 187Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 188Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 189 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 190 10:30 LH LHST 191 192# Australian miscellany 193# 194# Ashmore Is, Cartier 195# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 196# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 197# 198# Coral Sea Is 199# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 200# no information 201# 202# Macquarie 203# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 204# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 205# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 206 207# Christmas 208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 209Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 210 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 211 212# Cook Is 213# From Shanks & Pottenger: 214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 216Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 217Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 218# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 219Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 220 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 221 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 222 223# Cocos 224# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 225# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 228 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 229 230# Fiji 231# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 232Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 233Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 234# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 236 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 237 238# French Polynesia 239# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 240Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 241 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 242Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 243 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 244Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 245 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 246# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 247# it is uninhabited. 248 249# Guam 250# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 251Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 252 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 253 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 254 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 255 256# Kiribati 257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 259 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 260Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 261 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 262 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 263 13:00 - PHOT 264Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 265 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 266 -10:00 - LINT 1995 267 14:00 - LINT 268 269# N Mariana Is 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 272 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 273 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 274 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 275 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 276 277# Marshall Is 278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 280 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 281 12:00 - MHT 282Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 283 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 284 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 285 12:00 - MHT 286 287# Micronesia 288# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 290 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 291Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 292 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 293Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 294 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 295 12:00 - KOST 1999 296 11:00 - KOST 297 298# Nauru 299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 301 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 302 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 303 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 304 12:00 - NRT 305 306# New Caledonia 307# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 308Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 309Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 310Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 311# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 312Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 313# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 314Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 315 11:00 NC NC%sT 316 317 318############################################################################### 319 320# New Zealand 321 322# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 323Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 324Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 325Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 326Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 327Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 328Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 329Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 330# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 331# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 332Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 333Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 334Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 335Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 336Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 337Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 338Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 339Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 340Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 341Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 342Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 343Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 344Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 345Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 346# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 348 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 349 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 350Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 351 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 352 353 354# Auckland Is 355# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 356# and scientific personnel have wintered 357 358# Campbell I 359# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 360# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 361# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 362# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 363 364############################################################################### 365 366 367# Niue 368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 370 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 371 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 372 -11:00 - NUT 373 374# Norfolk 375# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 376Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 377 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 378 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 379 380# Palau (Belau) 381# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 383 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 384 385# Papua New Guinea 386# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 387Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 388 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 389 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 390 391# Pitcairn 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 394 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 395 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 396 397# American Samoa 398Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 399 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 400 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 401 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 402 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 403 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 404 405# Samoa 406Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 407 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 408 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 409 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 410 411# Solomon Is 412# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 415 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 416 417# Tokelau Is 418# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 419Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 420 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 421 422# Tonga 423# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 424Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 425Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 426Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 427Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 428# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 430 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 431 13:00 - TOT 1999 432 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 433 434# Tuvalu 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 437 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 438 439 440# US minor outlying islands 441 442# Howland, Baker 443# uninhabited since World War II 444# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 445 446# Jarvis 447# uninhabited since 1958 448# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 449 450# Johnston 451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 453 454# Kingman 455# uninhabited 456 457# Midway 458# 459# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 460# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 461# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 462# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 463# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 464# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 465# designations that I've never seen before:.... 466# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 467# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 468# 469Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 470 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 471 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 472 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 473 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 474 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 475 476# Palmyra 477# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 478 479# Wake 480# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 482 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 483 484 485# Vanuatu 486# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 487Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 488Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 489Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 490Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 491Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 492Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 493# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 495 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 496 497# Wallis and Futuna 498# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 500 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 501 502############################################################################### 503 504# NOTES 505 506# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 507# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 508# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 509 510# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 511# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 512# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 513# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 514# 515# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 516# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 517# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 518# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 519# of the IATA's data after 1990. 520# 521# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 522# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 523# 524# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 525# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 526# I found in the UCLA library. 527# 528# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 529# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 530# 531# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 532# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 533# Corrections are welcome! 534# std dst 535# LMT Local Mean Time 536# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 537# 9:00 JST Japan 538# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 539# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 540# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 541# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 542# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 543# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 544# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 545# -11:00 SST Samoa 546# -10:00 HST Hawaii 547# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 548# 549# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 550# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 551 552############################################################################### 553 554# Australia 555 556# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 557# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 558# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 559# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 560 561# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 562# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 563# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 564# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 565 566# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 567# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 568# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 569# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 570# abbreviation does _not_ change... 571# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 572# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 573# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 574# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 575# time'. 576# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 577# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 578# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 579# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 580# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 581# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 582# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 583 584# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 585# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 586# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 587# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 588# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 589 590# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 591# versus "AEST" etc.: 592# 593# I see the following points of dispute: 594# 595# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 596# 597# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 598# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 599# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 600# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 601# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 602# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 603# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 604# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 605# 606# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 607# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 608# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 609# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 610# 611# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 612# 613# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 614# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 615# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 616# Time, for example. 617# 618# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 619# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 620# tiebreaker. 621# 622# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 623# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 624# the word "Australian"? 625# 626# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 627# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 628# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 629# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 630# following count of page hits: 631# 632# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 633# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 634# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 635# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 636# 637# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 638# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 639# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 640# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 641# 642# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 643# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 644# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 645# are the hit counts anyway: 646# 647# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 648# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 649# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 650# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 651# 652# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 653# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 654# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 655# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 656# 657# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 658# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 659# 660# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 661# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 662# the ambiguities involved. 663# 664# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 665# 666# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 667# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 668# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 669# understood in Australia. 670 671# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 672# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 673# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 674# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 675# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 676# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 677# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 678 679# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 680# 681# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 682# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 683# relevant entries in this database. 684# 685# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 686# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 687# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 688# </a> 689# ACT 690# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 691# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 692# </a> 693# SA 694# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 695# Standard Time Act, 1898 696# </a> 697 698# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 699# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 700# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 701# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 702# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 703# 704# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 705# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 706# to extend DST together in 2006. 707# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 708# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 709# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 710# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 711# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 712# allude to it. 713# But not Queensland 714# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 715 716# Northern Territory 717 718# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 719# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 720# # [ Nov 1990 ] 721# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 722# ... 723# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 724 725# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 726# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 727# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 728 729# Western Australia 730 731# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 732# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 733# # [ Nov 1990 ] 734# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 735# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 736# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 737# # before reaching parliament. 738# ... 739# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 740# ... 741# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 742# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 743# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 744# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 745 746# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 747# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 748# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 749 750# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 751# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 752# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 753# work at 9.00am.) 754# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 755# everybody again. 756 757# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 758# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 759# it matches what was used in the past. 760 761# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 762# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 763# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 764# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 765 766# Queensland 767# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 768# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 769# # [ Dec 1990 ] 770# ... 771# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 772# ... 773# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 774# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 775# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 776# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 777 778# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 779# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 780# October 1989). 781 782# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 783# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 784# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 785# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 786 787# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 788# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 789# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 790# me.) 791 792# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 793# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 794# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 795# ... 796# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 797# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 798# ... 799 800# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 801# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 802 803# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 804# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 805# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 806# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 807# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 808# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 809# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 810# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 811# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 812# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 813# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 814# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 815# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 816# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 817# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 818# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 819# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 820# 821# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 822# This is confirmed by the section entitled 823# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 824# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 825# which says a few other things: 826# 827# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 828# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 829# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 830# 831# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 832# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 833# this subregion. 834 835# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 836 837# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 838# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 839# There are lots of differences between these rules and 840# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 841# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 842# current DST ending dates, no worries. 843# 844# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 845# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - 846# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 847# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 848# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 849# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 850# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 851# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 852# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 853# 10:00 Oz EST 854 855# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 856# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 857# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 858# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 859# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 860# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 861# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 862 863# South Australia 864 865# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 866# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 867# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 868# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 869 870# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 871# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 872# # [ Nov 1990 ] 873# ... 874# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 875# ... 876# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 877# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 878# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 879# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 880 881# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 882# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 883# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 884# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 885 886# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 887# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 888# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 889# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 890# is on... 891 892# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 893# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 894# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 895# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 896 897# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 898# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 899# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 900# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 901 902# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 903# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 904# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 905# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 906 907# Tasmania 908 909# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 910# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 911# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 912# # [ Nov 1990 ] 913 914# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 915# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 916# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 917# (but nothing new about that). 918 919# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 920# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 921# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 922# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 923# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 924# instead of the first Sunday in October. 925 926# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 927# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 928 929# Victoria 930 931# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 932# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 933# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 934# # [ Nov 1990 ] 935 936# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 937# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 938# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 939# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 940# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 941# in Melbourne, Australia. 942# 943# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 944# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 945# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 946# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 947# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 948# expected time. 949# 950# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 951# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 952# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 953# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 954# 955# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 956# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 957 958# New South Wales 959 960# From Arthur David Olson: 961# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 962# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 963# who notes: 964# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 965# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 966# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 967# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 968# legislation. This is very important to understand. 969# I have researched New South Wales time only... 970 971# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 972# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 973# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 974# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 975# Two months more daylight saving 976# </a> 977# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 978 979# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 980# See the following official NSW source: 981# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 982# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 983# </a> 984# 985# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 986# daylight saving next year. See: 987# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 988# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 989# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 990# 991# Victoria will following NSW. See: 992# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 993# Vic to extend daylight saving 994# </a> (1999-07-28). 995# 996# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 997# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 998# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 999# </a> (1999-07-19). 1000# 1001# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1002# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1003# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1004# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1005# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1006# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1007# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1008# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1009# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1010# 1011# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1012# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1013# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1014# </a> (1999-07-21). 1015 1016# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1017# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1018# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1019 1020# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1021# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1022# towns to use Queensland time. 1023 1024# Yancowinna 1025 1026# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1027# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1028 1029# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1030# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1031# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1032# ... 1033# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1034# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1035# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1036# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1037# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1038# # presently available. 1039# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1040# ... 1041# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1042# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1043# [followed by other Rules] 1044 1045# Lord Howe Island 1046 1047# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1048# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1049# [ Dec 1990 ] 1050# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1051# hour ahead of NSW time. 1052 1053# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1054# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1055# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1056# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1057# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1058# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1059# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1060# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1061# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1062# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1063 1064# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1065# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1066# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1067# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1068# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1069# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1070 1071# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1072# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1073# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1074 1075############################################################################### 1076 1077# New Zealand 1078 1079# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1080# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1081# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1082# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1083# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1084 1085# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1086# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1087# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1088# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1089# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1090# ... 1091# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1092# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1093# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1094# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1095# ... 1096# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1097# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1098 1099# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1100# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1101# rather than the October 1 value. 1102 1103# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1104# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1105# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1106# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1107# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1108# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1109# 1110# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1111# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1112# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1113# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1114# 1115# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1116# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1117# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1118 1119############################################################################### 1120 1121 1122# Fiji 1123 1124# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1125# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1126# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1127 1128# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1129# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1130# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1131# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1132 1133# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1134# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1135 1136# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1137# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1138# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1139# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1140# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1141# millenium. 1142 1143# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1144# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1145 1146# Johnston 1147 1148# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1149 1150 1151# Kiribati 1152 1153# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1154# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1155# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1156# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1157 1158 1159# Kwajalein 1160 1161# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1162# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1163# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1164# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1165# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1166 1167 1168# N Mariana Is, Guam 1169 1170# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1171# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1172# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1173# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1174# see Asia/Manila. 1175 1176# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1177# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1178# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1179# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1180 1181 1182# Micronesia 1183 1184# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1185# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1186# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1187# 1188# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1189# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1190 1191# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1192# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1193# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1194# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1195# </a> (1999-01-26) 1196# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1197# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1198 1199 1200# Midway 1201 1202# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1203# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1204# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1205# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1206# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1207# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1208# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1209# air at 6am your time. 1210# 1211# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1212# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1213# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1214# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1215 1216 1217# Pitcairn 1218 1219# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1220# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1221# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1222# 1223# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1224# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1225# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1226# 1227# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1228# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1229# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1230 1231# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1232# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1233# ... at midnight. 1234 1235# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1236# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1237# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1238# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1239 1240 1241# Samoa 1242 1243# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1244# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1245# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1246# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1247# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1248 1249 1250# Tonga 1251 1252# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1253# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1254# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1255# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1256 1257# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1258# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1259# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1260# </a>: 1261 1262# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1263# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1264# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1265# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1266# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1267# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1268# 1269# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1270# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1271# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1272# 1273# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1274# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1275# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1276# minutes we have lost?" 1277# 1278# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1279# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1280# to say your prayers in the morning." 1281 1282# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1283# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1284 1285# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1286# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1287# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1288# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1289# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1290# Government. 1291 1292# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1293# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1294# 1295# I was given this link by John Letts: 1296# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1297# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1298# </a> 1299# 1300# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1301# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1302# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1303# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1304 1305# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1306# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1307# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1308# </a>: 1309# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1310# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1311# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1312# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1313# set back an hour on the closing date." 1314# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1315 1316# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1317# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1318# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1319 1320# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1321# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1322# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1323# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1324# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1325# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1326# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1327 1328# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1329# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1330 1331# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1332# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1333# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1334# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1335# hour to 1:00am. 1336 1337# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1338# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1339 1340 1341# Wake 1342 1343# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1344# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1345# 1346# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1347# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1348# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1349# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1350# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1351# impossible. 1352# 1353# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1354 1355# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1356# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1357 1358############################################################################### 1359 1360# The International Date Line 1361 1362# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1363# 1364# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1365# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1366# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1367# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1368# 1369# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1370# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1371# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1372# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1373# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1374# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1375# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1376# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1377# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1378# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1379# correct date is ambiguous. 1380 1381# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1382# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1383# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1384# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1385# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1386# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1387# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1388# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1389# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1390# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1391# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1392# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1393# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1394 1395# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1396# (2005-03-20): 1397# 1398# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1399# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1400# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1401# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1402