australasia revision 149514
1# @(#)australasia 7.73 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 11 12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 23 24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25# Northern Territory 26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 27 9:00 - CST 1899 May 28 9:30 Aus CST 29# Western Australia 30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 39# Queensland 40# 41# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 44# Queensland ceased to. 45# 46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 50# so use Lindeman. 51# 52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 60 10:00 Aus EST 1971 61 10:00 AQ EST 62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 65 10:00 Holiday EST 66 67# South Australia 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 82Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 84Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 85 9:00 - CST 1899 May 86 9:30 Aus CST 1971 87 9:30 AS CST 88 89# Tasmania 90# 91# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 92# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 93# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 94# 95# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 96Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 98Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 100Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 102Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 104Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 105Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 106Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 107Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 108Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 109Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 110Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 116 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 117 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 118 10:00 Aus EST 1967 119 10:00 AT EST 120Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 121 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 122 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 123 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 124 10:00 AT EST 125 126# Victoria 127# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 128Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 129Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 130Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 131Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 133Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 134Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 138Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 142 10:00 Aus EST 1971 143 10:00 AV EST 144 145# New South Wales 146# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 147Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 155Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 158Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 160Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 163 10:00 Aus EST 1971 164 10:00 AN EST 165Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 166 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 167 9:00 - CST 1899 May 168 9:30 Aus CST 1971 169 9:30 AN CST 2000 170 9:30 AS CST 171 172# Lord Howe Island 173# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 175Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 176Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 177Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 178Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 179Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 180Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 181Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 182Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 183Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 184Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 185Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 186Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 187 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 188 10:30 LH LHST 189 190# Australian miscellany 191# 192# Ashmore Is, Cartier 193# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 194# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 195# 196# Coral Sea Is 197# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 198# no information 199# 200# Macquarie 201# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 202# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 203# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 204 205# Christmas 206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 207Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 209 210# Cook Is 211# From Shanks: 212# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 213Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 214Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 215Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 217Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 218 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 219 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 220 221# Cocos 222# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 223# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 226 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 227 228# Fiji 229# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 230Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 231Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 233Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 234 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 235 236# French Polynesia 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 239 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 240Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 241 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 242Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 243 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 244# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 245# it is uninhabited. 246 247# Guam 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 250 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 251 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 252 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 253 254# Kiribati 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 257 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 258Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 259 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 260 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 261 13:00 - PHOT 262Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 263 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 264 -10:00 - LINT 1995 265 14:00 - LINT 266 267# N Mariana Is 268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 270 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 271 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 272 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 273 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 274 275# Marshall Is 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 278 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 279 12:00 - MHT 280Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 281 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 282 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 283 12:00 - MHT 284 285# Micronesia 286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 287Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 288 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 289Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 290 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 291Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 292 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 293 12:00 - KOST 1999 294 11:00 - KOST 295 296# Nauru 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 299 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 300 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 301 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 302 12:00 - NRT 303 304# New Caledonia 305# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 306Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 307Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 308Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 309# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 310Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 311# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 312Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 313 11:00 NC NC%sT 314 315 316############################################################################### 317 318# New Zealand 319 320# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 321Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 322Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 323Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 324Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 325Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 326Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 327Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 328# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 329# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 330Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 331Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 332Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 333Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 334Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 335Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 336Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 337Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 338Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 339Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 340Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 341Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 342Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 343Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 346 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 347 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 348Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 349 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 350 351 352# Auckland Is 353# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 354# and scientific personnel have wintered 355 356# Campbell I 357# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 358# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 359# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 360# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 361 362############################################################################### 363 364 365# Niue 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 368 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 369 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 370 -11:00 - NUT 371 372# Norfolk 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 375 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 376 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 377 378# Palau (Belau) 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 381 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 382 383# Papua New Guinea 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 386 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 387 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 388 389# Pitcairn 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 392 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 393 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 394 395# American Samoa 396Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 397 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 398 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 399 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 400 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 401 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 402 403# Samoa 404Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 405 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 406 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 407 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 408 409# Solomon Is 410# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 413 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 414 415# Tokelau Is 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 418 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 419 420# Tonga 421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 422Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 423Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 424Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 425Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 428 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 429 13:00 - TOT 1999 430 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 431 432# Tuvalu 433# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 435 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 436 437 438# US minor outlying islands 439 440# Howland, Baker 441# uninhabited since World War II 442# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 443 444# Jarvis 445# uninhabited since 1958 446# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 447 448# Johnston 449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 450Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 451 452# Kingman 453# uninhabited 454 455# Midway 456# 457# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 458# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 459# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 460# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 461# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 462# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 463# designations that I've never seen before:.... 464# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 465# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 466# 467Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 468 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 469 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 470 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 471 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 472 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 473 474# Palmyra 475# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 476 477# Wake 478# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 480 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 481 482 483# Vanuatu 484# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 485Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 486Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 487Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 488Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 489Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 490Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 492Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 493 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 494 495# Wallis and Futuna 496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 498 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 499 500############################################################################### 501 502# NOTES 503 504# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 505# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 506# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 507 508# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 509# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 510# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 511# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 512# 513# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 514# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 515# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 516# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 517# of the IATA's data after 1990. 518# 519# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 520# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 521# 522# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 523# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 524# I found in the UCLA library. 525# 526# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 527# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 528# 529# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 530# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 531# Corrections are welcome! 532# std dst 533# LMT Local Mean Time 534# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 535# 9:00 JST Japan 536# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 537# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 538# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 539# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 540# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 541# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 542# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 543# -11:00 SST Samoa 544# -10:00 HST Hawaii 545# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 546# 547# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 548# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 549 550############################################################################### 551 552# Australia 553 554# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 555# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 556# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 557 558# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 559# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 560# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 561# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 562# abbreviation does _not_ change... 563# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 564# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 565# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 566# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 567# time'. 568# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 569# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 570# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 571# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 572# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 573# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 574# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 575 576# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 577# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 578# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 579# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 580# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 581 582# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 583# versus "AEST" etc.: 584# 585# I see the following points of dispute: 586# 587# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 588# 589# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 590# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 591# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 592# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 593# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 594# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 595# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 596# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 597# 598# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 599# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 600# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 601# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 602# 603# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 604# 605# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 606# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 607# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 608# Time, for example. 609# 610# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 611# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 612# tiebreaker. 613# 614# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 615# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 616# the word "Australian"? 617# 618# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 619# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 620# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 621# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 622# following count of page hits: 623# 624# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 625# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 626# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 627# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 628# 629# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 630# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 631# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 632# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 633# 634# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 635# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 636# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 637# are the hit counts anyway: 638# 639# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 640# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 641# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 642# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 643# 644# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 645# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 646# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 647# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 648# 649# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 650# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 651# 652# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 653# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 654# the ambiguities involved. 655# 656# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 657# 658# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 659# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 660# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 661# understood in Australia. 662 663# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 664# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 665# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 666# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 667# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 668# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 669# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 670 671# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 672# 673# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 674# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 675# relevant entries in this database. 676# 677# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 678# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 679# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 680# </a> 681# ACT 682# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 683# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 684# </a> 685# SA 686# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 687# Standard Time Act, 1898 688# </a> 689 690# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 691# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 692# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 693# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 694# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 695# 696# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 697# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 698# to extend DST together in 2006. 699# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 700# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 701# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 702# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 703# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 704# allude to it. 705# But not Queensland 706# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 707 708# Northern Territory 709 710# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 711# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 712# # [ Nov 1990 ] 713# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 714# ... 715# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 716 717# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 718# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 719# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 720 721# Western Australia 722 723# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 724# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 725# # [ Nov 1990 ] 726# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 727# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 728# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 729# # before reaching parliament. 730# ... 731# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 732# ... 733# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 734# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 735# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 736# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 737 738# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 739# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 740# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 741 742# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 743# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 744# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 745# work at 9.00am.) 746# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 747# everybody again. 748 749# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 750# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 751# it matches what was used in the past. 752 753# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 754# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 755# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 756# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 757 758# Queensland 759# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 760# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 761# # [ Dec 1990 ] 762# ... 763# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 764# ... 765# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 766# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 767# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 768# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 769 770# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 771# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 772# October 1989). 773 774# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 775# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 776# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 777# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 778 779# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 780# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 781# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 782# me.) 783 784# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 785# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 786# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 787# ... 788# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 789# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 790# ... 791 792# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 793# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 794 795# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 796# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 797# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 798# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 799# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 800# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 801# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 802# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 803# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 804# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 805# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 806# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 807# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 808# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 809# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 810# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 811# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 812# 813# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 814# This is confirmed by the section entitled 815# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 816# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 817# which says a few other things: 818# 819# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 820# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 821# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 822# 823# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 824# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 825# this subregion. 826 827# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 828 829# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 830# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 831# There are lots of differences between these rules and 832# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 833# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 834# current DST ending dates, no worries. 835# 836# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 837# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 838# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 839# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 840# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 841# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 842# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 843# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 844# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 845# 10:00 Oz EST 846 847# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 848# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 849# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 850# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 851# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 852# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 853# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 854 855# South Australia 856 857# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 858# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 859# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 860# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 861 862# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 863# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 864# # [ Nov 1990 ] 865# ... 866# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 867# ... 868# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 869# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 870# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 871# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 872 873# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 874# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 875# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 876# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 877 878# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 879# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 880# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 881# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 882# is on... 883 884# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 885# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 886# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 887# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 888 889# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 890# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 891# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 892# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 893 894# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 895# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 896# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 897# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 898 899# Tasmania 900 901# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 902# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 903# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 904# # [ Nov 1990 ] 905 906# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 907# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 908# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 909# (but nothing new about that). 910 911# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 912# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 913# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 914# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 915# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 916# instead of the first Sunday in October. 917 918# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 919# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 920 921# Victoria 922 923# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 924# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 925# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 926# # [ Nov 1990 ] 927 928# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 929# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 930# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 931# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 932# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 933# in Melbourne, Australia. 934# 935# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 936# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 937# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 938# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 939# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 940# expected time. 941# 942# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 943# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 944# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 945# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 946# 947# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 948# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 949 950# New South Wales 951 952# From Arthur David Olson: 953# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 954# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 955# who notes: 956# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 957# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 958# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 959# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 960# legislation. This is very important to understand. 961# I have researched New South Wales time only... 962 963# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 964# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 965# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 966# Daylight Saving 967# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 968# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 969# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 970# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 971# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 972# </a> 973 974# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 975# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 976# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 977# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 978# Two months more daylight saving 979# </a> 980# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 981 982# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 983# See the following official NSW source: 984# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 985# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 986# </a> 987# 988# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 989# daylight saving next year. See: 990# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 991# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 992# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 993# 994# Victoria will following NSW. See: 995# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 996# Vic to extend daylight saving 997# </a> (1999-07-28). 998# 999# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1000# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1001# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1002# </a> (1999-07-19). 1003# 1004# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1005# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1006# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1007# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1008# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1009# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1010# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1011# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1012# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1013# 1014# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1015# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1016# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1017# </a> (1999-07-21). 1018 1019# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1020# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1021# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1022 1023# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1024# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1025# towns to use Queensland time. 1026 1027# Yancowinna 1028 1029# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1030# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1031 1032# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1033# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1034# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1035# ... 1036# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1037# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1038# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1039# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1040# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1041# # presently available. 1042# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1043# ... 1044# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1045# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1046# [followed by other Rules] 1047 1048# Lord Howe Island 1049 1050# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1051# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 1052# [ Dec 1990 ] 1053# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1054# hour ahead of NSW time. 1055 1056# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1057# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1058# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1059# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1060# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1061# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1062# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1063# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1064# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1065# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1066 1067# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1068# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1069# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1070# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1071# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1072# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1073 1074# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 1075# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 1076# For times we use Lonergan. 1077 1078############################################################################### 1079 1080# New Zealand 1081 1082# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1083# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1084# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1085# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1086# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1087 1088# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1089# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1090# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1091# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1092# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1093# ... 1094# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1095# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1096# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1097# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1098# ... 1099# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1100# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1101 1102# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1103# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1104# rather than the October 1 value. 1105 1106# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1107# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1108# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1109# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1110# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1111# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1112# 1113# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1114# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1115# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1116# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1117# 1118# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1119# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1120# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1121 1122############################################################################### 1123 1124 1125# Fiji 1126 1127# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1128# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1129# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1130 1131# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1132# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1133# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1134# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1135 1136# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1137# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1138 1139# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1140# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1141# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1142# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1143# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1144# millenium. 1145 1146# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1147# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1148 1149# Johnston 1150 1151# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1152 1153 1154# Kiribati 1155 1156# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1157# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1158# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1159# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1160 1161 1162# Kwajalein 1163 1164# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1165# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1166# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1167# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1168# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1169 1170 1171# N Mariana Is, Guam 1172 1173# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1174# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1175# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1176# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1177# see Asia/Manila. 1178 1179# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1180# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1181# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1182# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1183 1184 1185# Micronesia 1186 1187# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1188# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1189# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1190# 1191# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 1192# ignore this for now. 1193 1194# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1195# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1196# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1197# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1198# </a> (1999-01-26) 1199# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1200# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1201 1202 1203# Midway 1204 1205# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1206# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1207# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1208# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1209# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1210# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1211# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1212# air at 6am your time. 1213# 1214# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1215# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1216# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1217# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1218 1219 1220# Pitcairn 1221 1222# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1223# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1224# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1225# 1226# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1227# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1228# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1229# 1230# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1231# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1232# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1233 1234# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1235# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1236# ... at midnight. 1237 1238# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1239# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1240# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1241# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1242 1243 1244# Samoa 1245 1246# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1247# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1248# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1249# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1250# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1251 1252 1253# Tonga 1254 1255# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1256# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1257# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1258# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1259 1260# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1261# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1262# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1263# </a>: 1264 1265# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1266# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1267# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1268# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1269# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1270# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1271# 1272# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1273# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1274# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1275# 1276# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1277# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1278# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1279# minutes we have lost?" 1280# 1281# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1282# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1283# to say your prayers in the morning." 1284 1285# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1286# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1287 1288# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1289# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1290# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1291# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1292# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1293# Government. 1294 1295# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1296# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1297# 1298# I was given this link by John Letts: 1299# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1300# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1301# </a> 1302# 1303# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1304# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1305# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1306# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1307 1308# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1309# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1310# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1311# </a>: 1312# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1313# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1314# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1315# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1316# set back an hour on the closing date." 1317# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1318 1319# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1320# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1321# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1322 1323# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1324# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1325# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1326# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1327# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1328# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1329# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1330 1331# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1332# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1333 1334# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1335# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1336# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1337# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1338# hour to 1:00am. 1339 1340# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1341# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1342 1343 1344# Wake 1345 1346# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1347# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1348# 1349# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1350# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1351# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1352# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1353# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1354# impossible. 1355# 1356# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1357 1358# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1359# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1360 1361############################################################################### 1362 1363# The International Date Line 1364 1365# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1366# 1367# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1368# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1369# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1370# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1371# 1372# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1373# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1374# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1375# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1376# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1377# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1378# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1379# 1380# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1381# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1382# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1383# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1384# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1385# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1386# correct date is ambiguous. 1387 1388# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1389# (2005-03-20): 1390# 1391# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1392# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1393# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1394# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1395