australasia revision 114173
1# @(#)australasia 7.68 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 11 12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 23 24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25# Northern Territory 26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 27 9:00 - CST 1899 May 28 9:30 Aus CST 29# Western Australia 30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 39# Queensland 40# 41# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 44# Queensland ceased to. 45# 46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 50# so use Lindeman. 51# 52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 60 10:00 Aus EST 1971 61 10:00 AQ EST 62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 65 10:00 Holiday EST 66 67# South Australia 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 83 9:00 - CST 1899 May 84 9:30 Aus CST 1971 85 9:30 AS CST 86 87# Tasmania 88# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 90Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 92Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 98Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 99Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 100Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 101Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 102Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 104Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 107 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 108 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 109 10:00 Aus EST 1967 110 10:00 AT EST 111 112# Victoria 113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 114Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 115Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 122Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 126 10:00 Aus EST 1971 127 10:00 AV EST 128 129# New South Wales 130# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 132Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 137Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 138Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 139Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 142Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 145 10:00 Aus EST 1971 146 10:00 AN EST 147Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 148 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 149 9:00 - CST 1899 May 150 9:30 Aus CST 1971 151 9:30 AN CST 2000 152 9:30 AS CST 153 154# Lord Howe Island 155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 156Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 157Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 158Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 159Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 160Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 161Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 162Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 163Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 164Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 165Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 166Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 168 10:30 LH LHST 169 170# Australian miscellany 171# 172# Ashmore Is, Cartier 173# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 174# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 175# 176# Coral Sea Is 177# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 178# no information 179# 180# Macquarie 181# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 182# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 183# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 184 185# Christmas 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 189 190# Cook Is 191# From Shanks: 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 194Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 195Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 198 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 199 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 200 201# Cocos 202# From USNO (1989): 203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 204Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 205 206# Fiji 207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 208Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 209Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 211Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 212 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 213 214# French Polynesia 215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 216Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 217 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 218Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 219 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 220Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 221 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 222# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 223# it is uninhabited. 224 225# Guam 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 228 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 229 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 230 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 231 232# Kiribati 233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 235 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 236Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 237 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 238 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 239 13:00 - PHOT 240Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 241 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 242 -10:00 - LINT 1995 243 14:00 - LINT 244 245# N Mariana Is 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 248 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 249 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 250 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 251 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 252 253# Marshall Is 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 256 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 257 12:00 - MHT 258Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 259 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 260 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 261 12:00 - MHT 262 263# Micronesia 264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 266 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 267 10:00 - YAPT 268Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 269 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 270Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 271 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 272Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 273 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 274 12:00 - KOST 1999 275 11:00 - KOST 276 277# Nauru 278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 280 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 281 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 282 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 283 12:00 - NRT 284 285# New Caledonia 286# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 287Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 288Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 289Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 290# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 291Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 292# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 293Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 294 11:00 NC NC%sT 295 296 297############################################################################### 298 299# New Zealand 300# 301# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-23): 302# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history; 303# see tz-link.htm for the full reference. 304# 305# Shanks gives 1868 for the introduction of standard time; go with the 306# DIA's more-precise 1868-11-02. The DIA says that clocks were 307# advanced by half an hour in 1941; go with Shanks's more-precise 308# 1940-09-29 02:00. The DIA says that starting in 1933 DST began the 309# first Sunday in September; go with Shanks's last Sunday starting in 310# 1934. 311 312# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 313# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 314# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 315Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 316Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 317Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 318Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 319Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 320Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 321# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 322# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 323Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 324Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 325Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 326Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 327Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 328Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 329Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 330Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 331Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 332Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 333Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 336 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 337 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 338Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 339 340 341# Auckland Is 342# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 343# and scientific personnel have wintered 344 345# Campbell I 346# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 347# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 348# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 349# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 350 351############################################################################### 352 353 354# Niue 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 357 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 358 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 359 -11:00 - NUT 360 361# Norfolk 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 364 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 365 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 366 367# Palau (Belau) 368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 370 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 371 372# Papua New Guinea 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 375 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 376 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 377 378# Pitcairn 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 381 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 382 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 383 384# American Samoa 385Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 386 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 387 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 388 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 389 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 390 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 391 392# W Samoa 393Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 394 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 395 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 396 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 397 398# Solomon Is 399# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 402 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 403 404# Tokelau Is 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 407 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 408 409# Tonga 410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 411Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 412Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 413Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 414Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 417 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 418 13:00 - TOT 1999 419 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 420 421# Tuvalu 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 424 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 425 426 427# US minor outlying islands 428 429# Howland, Baker 430# uninhabited since World War II 431# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 432 433# Jarvis 434# uninhabited since 1958 435# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 436 437# Johnston 438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 440 441# Kingman 442# uninhabited 443 444# Midway 445Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 446 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 447 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 448 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 449 450# Palmyra 451# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 452 453# Wake 454# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 456 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 457 458 459# Vanuatu 460# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 461Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 462Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 463Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 464Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 465Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 466Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 469 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 470 471# Wallis and Futuna 472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 474 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 475 476############################################################################### 477 478# NOTES 479 480# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 481# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 482# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 483 484# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 485# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 486# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 487# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 488# 489# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 490# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 491# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 492# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 493# of the IATA's data after 1990. 494# 495# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 496# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 497# 498# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 499# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 500# I found in the UCLA library. 501# 502# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 503# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 504# 505# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 506# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 507# Corrections are welcome! 508# std dst 509# LMT Local Mean Time 510# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 511# 9:00 JST Japan 512# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 513# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 514# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 515# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 516# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 517# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 518# -11:00 SST Samoa 519# -10:00 HST Hawaii 520# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 521# 522# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 523# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 524 525############################################################################### 526 527# Australia 528 529# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 530# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 531# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 532 533# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 534# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 535# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 536# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 537# abbreviation does _not_ change... 538# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 539# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 540# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 541# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 542# time'. 543# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 544# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 545# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 546# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 547# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 548# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 549# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 550 551# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 552# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 553# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 554# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 555# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 556 557# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 558# versus "AEST" etc.: 559# 560# I see the following points of dispute: 561# 562# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 563# 564# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 565# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 566# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 567# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 568# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 569# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 570# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 571# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 572# 573# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 574# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 575# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 576# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 577# 578# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 579# 580# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 581# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 582# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 583# Time, for example. 584# 585# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 586# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 587# tiebreaker. 588# 589# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 590# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 591# the word "Australian"? 592# 593# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 594# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 595# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 596# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 597# following count of page hits: 598# 599# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 600# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 601# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 602# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 603# 604# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 605# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 606# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 607# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 608# 609# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 610# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 611# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 612# are the hit counts anyway: 613# 614# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 615# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 616# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 617# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 618# 619# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 620# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 621# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 622# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 623# 624# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 625# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 626# 627# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 628# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 629# the ambiguities involved. 630# 631# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 632# 633# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 634# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 635# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 636# understood in Australia. 637 638# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 639# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 640# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 641# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 642# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 643# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 644# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 645 646# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 647# 648# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 649# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 650# relevant entries in this database. 651# 652# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 653# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 654# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 655# </a> 656# ACT 657# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 658# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 659# </a> 660# SA 661# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 662# Standard Time Act, 1898 663# </a> 664 665# Northern Territory 666 667# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 668# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 669# # [ Nov 1990 ] 670# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 671# ... 672# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 673 674# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 675# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 676# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 677 678# Western Australia 679 680# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 681# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 682# # [ Nov 1990 ] 683# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 684# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 685# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 686# # before reaching parliament. 687# ... 688# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 689# ... 690# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 691# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 692# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 693# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 694 695# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 696# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 697# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 698 699# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 700# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 701# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 702# work at 9.00am.) 703# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 704# everybody again. 705 706# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 707# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 708# it matches what was used in the past. 709 710# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 711# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 712# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 713# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 714 715# Queensland 716# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 717# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 718# # [ Dec 1990 ] 719# ... 720# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 721# ... 722# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 723# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 724# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 725# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 726 727# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 728# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 729# October 1989). 730 731# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 732# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 733# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 734# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 735 736# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 737# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 738# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 739# me.) 740 741# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 742# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 743# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 744# ... 745# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 746# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 747# ... 748 749# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 750# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 751 752# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 753# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 754# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 755# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 756# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 757# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 758# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 759# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 760# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 761# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 762# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 763# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 764# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 765# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 766# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 767# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 768# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 769# 770# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 771# This is confirmed by the section entitled 772# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 773# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 774# which says a few other things: 775# 776# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 777# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 778# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 779# 780# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 781# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 782# this subregion. 783 784# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 785 786# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 787# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 788# There are lots of differences between these rules and 789# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 790# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 791# current DST ending dates, no worries. 792# 793# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 794# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 795# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 796# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 797# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 798# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 799# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 800# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 801# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 802# 10:00 Oz EST 803 804# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 805# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 806# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 807# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 808# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 809# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 810# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 811 812# South Australia 813 814# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 815# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 816# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 817# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 818 819# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 820# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 821# # [ Nov 1990 ] 822# ... 823# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 824# ... 825# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 826# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 827# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 828# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 829 830# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 831# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 832# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 833# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 834 835# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 836# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 837# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 838# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 839# is on... 840 841# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 842# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 843# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 844# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 845 846# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 847# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 848# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 849# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 850 851# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 852# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 853# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 854# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 855 856# Tasmania 857 858# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 859# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 860# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 861# # [ Nov 1990 ] 862 863# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 864# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 865# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 866# (but nothing new about that). 867 868# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 869# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 870# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 871# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 872# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 873# instead of the first Sunday in October. 874 875# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 876# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 877 878# Victoria 879 880# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 881# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 882# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 883# # [ Nov 1990 ] 884 885# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 886# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 887# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 888# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 889# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 890# in Melbourne, Australia. 891# 892# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 893# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 894# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 895# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 896# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 897# expected time. 898# 899# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 900# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 901# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 902# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 903# 904# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 905# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 906 907# New South Wales 908 909# From Arthur David Olson: 910# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 911# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 912# who notes: 913# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 914# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 915# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 916# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 917# legislation. This is very important to understand. 918# I have researched New South Wales time only... 919 920# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 921# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 922# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 923# Daylight Saving 924# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 925# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 926# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 927# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 928# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 929# </a> 930 931# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 932# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 933# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 934# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 935# Two months more daylight saving 936# </a> 937# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 938 939# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 940# See the following official NSW source: 941# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 942# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 943# </a> 944# 945# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 946# daylight saving next year. See: 947# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 948# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 949# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 950# 951# Victoria will following NSW. See: 952# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 953# Vic to extend daylight saving 954# </a> (1999-07-28). 955# 956# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 957# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 958# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 959# </a> (1999-07-19). 960# 961# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 962# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 963# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 964# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 965# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 966# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 967# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 968# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 969# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 970# 971# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 972# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 973# Broken Hill to be behind the times 974# </a> (1999-07-21). 975 976# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 977# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 978# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 979 980# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 981# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 982# towns to use Queensland time. 983 984# Yancowinna 985 986# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 987# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 988 989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 990# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 991# # [ Dec 1990 ] 992# ... 993# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 994# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 995# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 996# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 997# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 998# # presently available. 999# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1000# ... 1001# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1002# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1003# [followed by other Rules] 1004 1005# Lord Howe Island 1006 1007# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1008# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 1009# [ Dec 1990 ] 1010# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1011# hour ahead of NSW time. 1012 1013# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1014# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1015# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1016# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1017# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1018# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1019# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1020# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1021# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1022# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1023 1024# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1025# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1026# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1027# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1028# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1029# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1030 1031# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 1032# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 1033# For times we use Lonergan. 1034 1035############################################################################### 1036 1037# New Zealand 1038 1039# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1040# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1041# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1042# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1043# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1044 1045# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1046# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1047# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1048# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1049# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1050# ... 1051# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1052# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1053# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1054# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1055# ... 1056# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1057# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1058 1059# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1060# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1061# rather than the October 1 value. 1062 1063# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1064# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1065# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1066# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1067# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1068# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1069# 1070# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1071# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 1072# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 1073# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 1074# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 1075 1076############################################################################### 1077 1078 1079# Fiji 1080 1081# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1082# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1083# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1084 1085# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1086# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1087# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1088# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1089 1090# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1091# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1092 1093# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1094# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1095# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1096# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1097# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1098# millenium. 1099 1100# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1101# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1102 1103# Johnston 1104 1105# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1106 1107 1108# Kiribati 1109 1110# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1111# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1112# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1113# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1114 1115 1116# Kwajalein 1117 1118# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1119# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1120# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1121# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1122# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1123 1124 1125# N Mariana Is, Guam 1126 1127# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1128# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1129# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1130# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1131# see Asia/Manila. 1132 1133# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1134# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1135# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1136# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1137 1138 1139# Micronesia 1140 1141# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 1142# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1143# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1144# 1145# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 1146# ignore this for now. 1147 1148# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1149# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1150# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1151# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1152# </a> (1999-01-26) 1153# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1154# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1155 1156 1157# Pitcairn 1158 1159# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1160# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1161# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1162# 1163# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1164# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1165# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1166# 1167# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1168# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1169# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1170 1171# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1172# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1173# ... at midnight. 1174 1175# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1176# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1177# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1178# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1179 1180 1181# Samoa 1182 1183# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1184# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1185# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1186# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1187# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1188 1189 1190# Tonga 1191 1192# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1193# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1194# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1195# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1196 1197# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1198# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1199# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1200# </a>: 1201 1202# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1203# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1204# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1205# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1206# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1207# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1208# 1209# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1210# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1211# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1212# 1213# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1214# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1215# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1216# minutes we have lost?" 1217# 1218# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1219# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1220# to say your prayers in the morning." 1221 1222# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1223# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1224 1225# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1226# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1227# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1228# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1229# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1230# Government. 1231 1232# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1233# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1234# 1235# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1236# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1237# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1238# </a> 1239# 1240# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1241# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1242# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1243# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1244 1245# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1246# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1247# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1248# </a>: 1249# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1250# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1251# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1252# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1253# set back an hour on the closing date." 1254# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1255 1256# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1257# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1258# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1259 1260# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1261# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1262# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1263# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1264# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1265# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1266# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1267 1268# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1269# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1270 1271# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1272# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1273# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1274# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1275# hour to 1:00am. 1276 1277# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1278# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1279 1280############################################################################### 1281 1282# The International Date Line 1283 1284# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1285# 1286# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1287# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1288# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1289# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1290# 1291# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1292# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1293# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1294# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1295# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1296# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1297# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1298# 1299# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1300# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1301# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1302# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1303# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1304# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1305# correct date is ambiguous. 1306