australasia revision 86222
186222Swollman# @(#)australasia 7.65 22742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 352770Sgrog# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 86222 2001-11-09 19:17:59Z wollman $ 42742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 52742Swollman 62742Swollman############################################################################### 72742Swollman 82742Swollman# Australia 92742Swollman 1086222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1186222Swollman 122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1358787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 142742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 152742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2058787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2158787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2258787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 232742Swollman 242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259908Swollman# Northern Territory 262742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2730711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 282742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 299908Swollman# Western Australia 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 3158787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 3258787Sru 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3314343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3414343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3514343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3614343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 3714343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 382742Swollman 8:00 - WST 399908Swollman# Queensland 4020094Swollman# 4120094Swollman# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 4220094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 4320094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 4420094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 4520094Swollman# 4620094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 4720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 4820094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 4920094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 5020094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 5120094Swollman# 5220094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5358787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5458787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5521217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5621217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 5758787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5858787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 592742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 6058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6121217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 6220094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 6358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6458787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 6520094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 662742Swollman 679908Swollman# South Australia 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6914343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7014343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 7114343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7214343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 7314343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7414343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 7564499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7664499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7764499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7864499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7964499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8014343SwollmanRule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 822742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 832742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 8458787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 852742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 862742Swollman 879908Swollman# Tasmania 882742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8958787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 9058787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9114343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 9214343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 9358787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9414343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9514343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9614343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9758787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 9814343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 9958787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 10058787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10158787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 10214343SwollmanRule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10358787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10458787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1062742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10758787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10858787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1102742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1112742Swollman 1129908Swollman# Victoria 1132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11414343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11558787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11858787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11958787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12014343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 12114343SwollmanRule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12258787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12343543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 1242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1252742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 12658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1272742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1282742Swollman 1299908Swollman# New South Wales 1302742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13114343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13214343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 13314343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13414343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13514343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13614343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 13714343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 13843543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13914343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14014343SwollmanRule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14158787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14243543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 1432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1442742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 14558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1462742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1472742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1482742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1492742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 15058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 15158787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 15258787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1538029Swollman 15414343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 15514343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15675267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 15775267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 15875267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 15975267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 16075267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 16175267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 16275267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 16375267SwollmanRule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 16475267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 16575267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 1662742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1672742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 16814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 1698029Swollman 17014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 1712742Swollman# 1722742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 17314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 17458787Sru# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 1752742Swollman# 17614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 17714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 17814343Swollman# no information 17914343Swollman# 18030711Swollman# Macquarie 18130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 18258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 18358787Sru# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 1842742Swollman 18543014Swollman# Christmas 18643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 1892742Swollman 1902742Swollman# Cook Is 19158787Sru# From Shanks: 1922742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 19443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 19543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 1962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 19819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 19919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2002742Swollman 2012742Swollman# Cocos 2022742Swollman# From USNO (1989): 2032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20419878SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2052742Swollman 2062742Swollman# Fiji 20743543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20875267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 20975267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 21243543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2132742Swollman 2142742Swollman# French Polynesia 2152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2162742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 21719878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2182742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 21919878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2202742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 22119878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 22243014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 22343014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2242742Swollman 2252742Swollman# Guam 2262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 22875267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 22975267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 23075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2312742Swollman 2322742Swollman# Kiribati 2332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2342742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 23519878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 23719878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 23819878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 23919878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 24119878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 24219878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 24319878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2442742Swollman 24514343Swollman# N Mariana Is 24614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 24875267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 24919878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 25075267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 25175267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 25214343Swollman 25314343Swollman# Marshall Is 25414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 25619878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 25719878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 25814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 25919878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 26019878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 26119878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 26214343Swollman 26314343Swollman# Micronesia 26414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 26619878Swollman 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 26719878Swollman 10:00 - YAPT 26814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 26919878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 27014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 27119878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 27214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 27358787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 27458787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 27558787Sru 11:00 - KOST 27614343Swollman 2772742Swollman# Nauru 2782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2792742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 28019878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 2812742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 28219878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 28319878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 2842742Swollman 2852742Swollman# New Caledonia 2862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 28719878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 28819878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 28943014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 29058787Sru# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 29143014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 2922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2932742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 2942742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 2952742Swollman 2962742Swollman 2972742Swollman############################################################################### 2982742Swollman 2992742Swollman# New Zealand 3002742Swollman 3012742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3022742Swollman# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 3032742Swollman# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 30414343SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 3052742SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 30614343SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 30714343SwollmanRule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 3082742SwollmanRule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 30914343SwollmanRule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 31043014Swollman# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 31114343Swollman# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 31214343SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 31314343SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 3149908SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 3159908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 3169908SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 3179908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 3189908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 3199908SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 3209908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 32120094SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 32220094SwollmanRule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 3232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3242742SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 32514343Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 3262742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 32720094SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3282742Swollman 3298029Swollman 33030711Swollman# Auckland Is 33158787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 33258787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3332742Swollman 33430711Swollman# Campbell I 33558787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 33658787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 33758787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 33830711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 33930711Swollman 3402742Swollman############################################################################### 3412742Swollman 3422742Swollman 3432742Swollman# Niue 3442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 34619878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 34719878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 34819878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3492742Swollman 3502742Swollman# Norfolk 3512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3522742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 35319878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 35419878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3552742Swollman 35658787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3579908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3589908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 35919878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3609908Swollman 3612742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 36486222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 36519878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 3662742Swollman 3672742Swollman# Pitcairn 3682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 37058787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 37158787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 3722742Swollman 37314343Swollman# American Samoa 37414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 37514343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 37619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 37714343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 37814343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 37914343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 38014343Swollman 38114343Swollman# W Samoa 38214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 38314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 38419878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 38519878Swollman -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 38614343Swollman 3872742Swollman# Solomon Is 3882742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 3892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3902742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 39119878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 3922742Swollman 3932742Swollman# Tokelau Is 3942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3952742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 39619878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 3972742Swollman 3982742Swollman# Tonga 39958787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 40075267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 40175267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 40275267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S 40375267SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - 40486222SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 only - Nov 25 2:00s 1:00 S 40586222SwollmanRule Tonga 2002 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 4062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 40858787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 40958787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 41058787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4112742Swollman 4122742Swollman# Tuvalu 4132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 41519878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4162742Swollman 41743014Swollman 41843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 41943014Swollman 42043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 42143014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 42243014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 42343014Swollman 42443014Swollman# Jarvis 42543014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 42643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 42743014Swollman 42843014Swollman# Johnston 42943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 43043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 43143014Swollman 43243014Swollman# Kingman 43343014Swollman# uninhabited 43443014Swollman 43543014Swollman# Midway 43643014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 43743014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 43843014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 43943014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 44043014Swollman 44143014Swollman# Palmyra 44243014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 44343014Swollman 44443014Swollman# Wake 44543014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 44643014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 44743014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 44843014Swollman 44943014Swollman 4502742Swollman# Vanuatu 4512742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 45319878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 45419878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 45520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 45620094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 45720094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 4582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4592742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 46019878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 4612742Swollman 4622742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 4632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4642742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 46519878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman############################################################################### 4682742Swollman 4692742Swollman# NOTES 4702742Swollman 4712742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4722742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 4732742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 4742742Swollman 47558787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 4762742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 47758787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 47858787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 4792742Swollman# 48086222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 48120094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 48220094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 48320094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 48420094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 48520094Swollman# 48620094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 48720094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 48820094Swollman# 4892742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 4902742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 4912742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 4922742Swollman# 4932742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 49458787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 4952742Swollman# 4962742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 4972742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 4982742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 4992742Swollman# std dst 5002742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5012742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 5022742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5032742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5042742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 50575267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5062742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 5072742Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 50819878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5092742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 51014343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 51158787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5122742Swollman# 51314343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5149908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5152742Swollman 5162742Swollman############################################################################### 5172742Swollman 5182742Swollman# Australia 5192742Swollman 52058787Sru# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 52158787Sru# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 52258787Sru# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 52358787Sru 52419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5252742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5262742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5272742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5282742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5292742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5302742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5312742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5322742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5332742Swollman# time'. 5342742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5352742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5362742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5372742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5382742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5392742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5402742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5412742Swollman 54286222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5432742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 5442742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 5452742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 5462742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 5472742Swollman 54886222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 54986222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 55086222Swollman# 55186222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 55286222Swollman# 55386222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 55486222Swollman# 55586222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 55686222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 55786222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 55886222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 55986222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 56086222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 56186222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 56286222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 56386222Swollman# 56486222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 56586222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 56686222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 56786222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 56886222Swollman# 56986222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 57086222Swollman# 57186222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 57286222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 57386222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 57486222Swollman# Time, for example. 57586222Swollman# 57686222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 57786222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 57886222Swollman# tiebreaker. 57986222Swollman# 58086222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 58186222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 58286222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 58386222Swollman# 58486222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 58586222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 58686222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 58786222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 58886222Swollman# following count of page hits: 58986222Swollman# 59086222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 59186222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 59286222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 59386222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 59486222Swollman# 59586222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 59686222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 59786222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 59886222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 59986222Swollman# 60086222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 60186222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 60286222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 60386222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 60486222Swollman# 60586222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 60686222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 60786222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 60886222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 60986222Swollman# 61086222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 61186222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 61286222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 61386222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 61486222Swollman# 61586222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 61686222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 61786222Swollman# 61886222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 61986222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 62086222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 62186222Swollman# 62286222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 62386222Swollman# 62486222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 62586222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 62686222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 62786222Swollman# understood in Australia. 62886222Swollman 62914343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 6309908Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 6319908Swollman# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 6329908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6339908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6349908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 63514343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6362742Swollman 63743014Swollman# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 63875267Swollman# 63943014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 64043014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 64143014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 64275267Swollman# 64343014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 64443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 64543014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 64643014Swollman# </a> 64743014Swollman# ACT 64858787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 64943014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 65043014Swollman# </a> 65143014Swollman# SA 65243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 65343014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 65443014Swollman# </a> 65543014Swollman 6569908Swollman# Northern Territory 6579908Swollman 65819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 6592742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 6602742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 6612742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 6622742Swollman# ... 6639908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 6642742Swollman 66519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 6662742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 6672742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 6682742Swollman 6699908Swollman# Western Australia 6702742Swollman 67119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 6722742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 6732742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 6742742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 6752742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 6762742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 6772742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 6782742Swollman# ... 6792742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 6802742Swollman# ... 6812742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 6822742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 6832742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 6842742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 6852742Swollman 68619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 6872742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 6882742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 6892742Swollman 69019878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 6912742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 6922742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 6932742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 6942742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 6952742Swollman# everybody again. 6962742Swollman 69719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 6982742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 6992742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7002742Swollman 70158787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 70258787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 70358787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 70458787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 70558787Sru 7069908Swollman# Queensland 70719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7082742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7092742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7102742Swollman# ... 7112742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7122742Swollman# ... 7132742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7142742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7152742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7162742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7172742Swollman 71819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7192742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 7202742Swollman# October 1989). 7212742Swollman 72219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7232742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7242742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7252742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7262742Swollman 72719878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7282742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 7292742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 7302742Swollman# me.) 7312742Swollman 73219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 7332742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 7342742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 7352742Swollman# ... 7362742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7372742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 7382742Swollman# ... 7392742Swollman 74019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7412742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 7422742Swollman 7439908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 7442742Swollman 74519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7462742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 7472742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 7482742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 7492742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 7502742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 7512742Swollman# 7522742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 7532742Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 7542742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 7552742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 7562742Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 7572742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 7582742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 7592742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 7602742Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 7612742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 7622742Swollman 76319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7642742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 7652742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 7662742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 7672742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 7682742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 7692742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 7702742Swollman 7719908Swollman# South Australia 7722742Swollman 77319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7742742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7752742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7762742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7772742Swollman 77819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7792742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 7802742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7812742Swollman# ... 7822742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 7832742Swollman# ... 7842742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7852742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 7862742Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 7872742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 7882742Swollman 78919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 7902742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 7912742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 7922742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 7932742Swollman 79419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 7952742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 7962742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 7972742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 7982742Swollman# is on... 7992742Swollman 80019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 8012742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 8022742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 8032742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 8042742Swollman 80519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 8062742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 8072742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 8082742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 8092742Swollman 8109908Swollman# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 8119908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 8129908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 8139908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 8142742Swollman 8159908Swollman# Tasmania 8169908Swollman 81758787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 81858787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8192742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 8202742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8212742Swollman 82219878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 8232742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 8242742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 8252742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 8262742Swollman 82758787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 82858787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 82958787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 83058787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 83158787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 83258787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 83358787Sru 83464499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 83564499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 83664499Swollman 8379908Swollman# Victoria 8382742Swollman 83958787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 84058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8412742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 8422742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8432742Swollman 84486222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 84586222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 84686222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 84786222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 84886222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 84986222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 85086222Swollman# 85186222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 85286222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 85386222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 85486222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 85586222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 85686222Swollman# expected time. 85786222Swollman# 85886222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 85986222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 86086222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 86186222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 86286222Swollman# 86386222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 86486222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 86586222Swollman 8669908Swollman# New South Wales 8672742Swollman 8682742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 8692742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 8702742Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 8712742Swollman# who notes: 8722742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 8732742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 8742742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 8752742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 8762742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 8772742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 8782742Swollman 87958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 88058787Sru# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 88158787Sru# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 88258787Sru# Daylight Saving 88358787Sru# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 88458787Sru# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 88558787Sru# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 88658787Sru# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 88758787Sru# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 88858787Sru# </a> 8892742Swollman 89058787Sru# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 89158787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 89258787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 89358787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 89458787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 89558787Sru# </a> 89658787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 8972742Swollman 89858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 89958787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 90058787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 90158787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 90258787Sru# </a> 90358787Sru# 90458787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 90558787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 90658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 90758787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 90858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 90958787Sru# 91058787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 91158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 91258787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 91358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 91458787Sru# 91558787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 91658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 91758787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 91858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 91958787Sru# 92058787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 92158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 92258787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 92358787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 92458787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 92558787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 92658787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 92775267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 92858787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 92958787Sru# 93058787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 93158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 93258787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 93358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 9342742Swollman 93543543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 93643543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 93758787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 93843543Swollman 93967578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 94075267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 94175267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 94267578Swollman 9439908Swollman# Yancowinna 9442742Swollman 94567578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 9462742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 9472742Swollman 94819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9492742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 9502742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 9512742Swollman# ... 95243014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 9532742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 9542742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 9552742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 9562742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 9572742Swollman# # presently available. 9582742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 9592742Swollman# ... 9602742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9612742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 9622742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 9632742Swollman 9649908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 9652742Swollman 96619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9672742Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 9682742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 9692742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 9702742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 9712742Swollman 97258787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 97358787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 97458787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 97558787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 97658787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 97758787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 97876190Sschweikh# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependent on the wishes of residents 97958787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 98058787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 98158787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 98214343Swollman 98375267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 98475267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 98575267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 98675267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 98775267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 98875267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 98958787Sru 99075267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 99175267Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 99275267Swollman# For times we use Lonergan. 99367578Swollman 9942742Swollman############################################################################### 9952742Swollman 99658787Sru# New Zealand 9972742Swollman 99819878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 9992742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 10002742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 10012742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 10022742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 10032742Swollman 100419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10052742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 10062742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 10072742Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 10082742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10092742Swollman# ... 10102742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10112742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 10122742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10132742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 10142742Swollman# ... 10152742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 10162742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 10172742Swollman 101819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10192742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 10202742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 10212742Swollman 102214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 102314343Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 102414343Swollman# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 102514343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 102614343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 102714343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 102814343Swollman# 102958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 103058787Sru# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 103158787Sru# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 103220094Swollman# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 103358787Sru# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 103414343Swollman 10352742Swollman############################################################################### 10362742Swollman 103758787Sru 10382742Swollman# Fiji 10392742Swollman 104058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 104158787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 104258787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 10432742Swollman 104443543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 104543543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 104675267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 104743543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 104843543Swollman 104958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 105058787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 105158787Sru 105243543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 105343543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 105443543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 105543543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 105643543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 105743543Swollman# millenium. 105843543Swollman 105975267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 106075267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 106158787Sru 106214343Swollman# Johnston 106314343Swollman 106414343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 106514343Swollman 106658787Sru 106717200Swollman# Kiribati 106817200Swollman 106917200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 107017200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 107117200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 107217200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 107317200Swollman 107458787Sru 10752742Swollman# Kwajalein 10762742Swollman 10772742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 10782742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 107919878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 10802742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 10812742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 10822742Swollman 108358787Sru 108414343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 10852742Swollman 108658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 10872742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 10882742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 108975267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 109075267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 109114343Swollman 109275267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 109375267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 109475267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 109575267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 109658787Sru 109775267Swollman 109817200Swollman# Micronesia 109917200Swollman 110017200Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 110117200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 110217200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 110317200Swollman# 110458787Sru# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 110517200Swollman# ignore this for now. 110617200Swollman 110758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 110858787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 110958787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 111058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 111158787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 111258787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 111358787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 111458787Sru 111558787Sru 111658787Sru# Pitcairn 111758787Sru 111858787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 111958787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 112058787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 112158787Sru# 112258787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 112358787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 112458787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 112558787Sru# 112658787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 112758787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 112858787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 112958787Sru 113058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 113158787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 113258787Sru# ... at midnight. 113358787Sru 113458787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 113558787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 113658787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 113758787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 113858787Sru 113958787Sru 114014343Swollman# Samoa 114114343Swollman 114258787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 114358787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 114414343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 114514343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 114614343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 114717200Swollman 114858787Sru 114917200Swollman# Tonga 115017200Swollman 115117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 115217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 115317200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 115417200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 115558787Sru 115658787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 115758787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 115858787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 115958787Sru# </a>: 116058787Sru 116158787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 116258787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 116358787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 116458787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 116558787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 116658787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 116758787Sru# 116858787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 116958787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 117058787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 117158787Sru# 117258787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 117358787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 117458787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 117558787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 117658787Sru# 117758787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 117858787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 117958787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 118058787Sru 118158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 118258787Sru# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 118358787Sru 118458787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 118558787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 118658787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 118758787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 118858787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 118958787Sru# Government. 119058787Sru 119158787Sru# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 119258787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 119375267Swollman# 119458787Sru# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 119558787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 119658787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 119758787Sru# </a> 119875267Swollman# 119958787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 120058787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 120158787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 120258787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 120358787Sru 120458787Sru# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 120558787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 120658787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 120758787Sru# </a>: 120875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 120975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 121075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 121175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 121258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 121358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 121458787Sru 121558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 121658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 121758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 121858787Sru 121975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 122075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 122175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 122275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 122375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 122475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 122575267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 122658787Sru 122775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 122875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 122975267Swollman 123086222Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-07-17): 123186222Swollman# The Kingdom of Tonga will move to DST at 0200 local time on Sunday, 123286222Swollman# November 25, 2001 and revert back to standard time at 0300 local 123386222Swollman# time on Sunday, March 3, 2002. 123486222Swollman 123586222Swollman 123658787Sru############################################################################### 123758787Sru 123858787Sru# The International Date Line 123958787Sru 124058787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 124175267Swollman# 124258787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 124358787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 124458787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 124558787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 124658787Sru# 124758787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 124858787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 124958787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 125058787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 125158787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 125258787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 125358787Sru# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 125458787Sru# 125558787Sru# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 125658787Sru# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 125758787Sru# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 125858787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 125958787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 126058787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 126158787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1262