australasia revision 366625
1339630Sphilip# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2339630Sphilip 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 16366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 18270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 19270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 20270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 21270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 22270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 23270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 28349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 32270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 39270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 41270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 42270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 43270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 44270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 47270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49316349Sbapt 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 50316349Sbapt 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 65307361Sbapt# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 66307361Sbapt# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 67307361Sbapt# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 68307361Sbapt# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 69307361Sbapt# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 70307361Sbapt# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 71307361Sbapt# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 72307361Sbapt# 73366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 76270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 79270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 802742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 81270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 8320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 84270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 85270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 86270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 872742Swollman 889908Swollman# South Australia 89366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 92270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 93270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 95270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 96270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 97270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 98270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 99270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 100270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 102270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 103270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 104270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 105349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1062742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 107270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 108270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 109270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1102742Swollman 1119908Swollman# Tasmania 112149514Swollman# 113149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 114273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 115149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 116149514Swollman# 117366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 120270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 122270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 125270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 127270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 128270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 129270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 130270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 131270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 132270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 133270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 134270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 136270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 137349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1382742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 139273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 140270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 141270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 143149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 144273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 145270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 146270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 147270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1482742Swollman 1499908Swollman# Victoria 150366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 151270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 155270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 156270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 157270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 159270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 160270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 161270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 163270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 164270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 165349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1662742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 167270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 168270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1692742Swollman 1709908Swollman# New South Wales 171366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 174270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 179270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 180270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 181270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 182270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 183270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 184270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 186270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 187270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 188349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1892742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 190270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 191270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1922742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 193270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 194270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 195270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 196270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 197270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1988029Swollman 19914343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 200366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201331662SphilipRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 202331662SphilipRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203331662SphilipRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204331662SphilipRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 205331662SphilipRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 206331662SphilipRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 207331662SphilipRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 208331662SphilipRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 209331662SphilipRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 210331662SphilipRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 211331662SphilipRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 212331662SphilipRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 213331662SphilipRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 214331662SphilipRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2152742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 216270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 217316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 218316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+11 2198029Swollman 22014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2212742Swollman# 2222742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 22314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 224169811Swollman# no times are set 2252742Swollman# 22614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 22714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 228169811Swollman# no times are set 22914343Swollman# 23030711Swollman# Macquarie 231249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 232249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 233249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 234273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 235273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 236249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 237249692Sedwin# 238249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 239249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 240249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 241249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 242249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 243253009Sedwin# 244253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 245253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 246270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 247253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 248253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 249307361SbaptZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 250273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 251270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 252273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 253307361Sbapt 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 254270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 255366625Sphilip 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 256366625Sphilip 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 257366625Sphilip 10:00 AT AE%sT 2582742Swollman 25943014Swollman# Christmas 260349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26143014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 262316349Sbapt 7:00 - +07 2632742Swollman 264267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 265149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269316349Sbapt 6:30 - +0630 2702742Swollman 271267473Sedwin 2722742Swollman# Fiji 273248307Sedwin 274248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 275248307Sedwin 276199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 277199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 278199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 279199336Sedwin# 280199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 281199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 283199336Sedwin 284199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 285199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 286199336Sedwin# amendments: 287199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 288204887Sedwin 289204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 290204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 291204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 292204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 293204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 294204887Sedwin# 295204887Sedwin# Official source: 296204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 297204887Sedwin# 298204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 299325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 300204887Sedwin 301214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 302240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 303214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 304240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 305214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 306214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 307214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 308214722Sedwin 309226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 310240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 311226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 312226289Sedwin# 313270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 314226289Sedwin# which says 315240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 316240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 317226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 318226289Sedwin 319226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 320226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 321226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 322226976Sedwin# 323226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 324226976Sedwin# states: 325226976Sedwin# 326226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 327226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 328226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 329226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 330226976Sedwin 331240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 332240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 333240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 334240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 335240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 336257681Sedwin 337257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 338263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 339263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 340257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 341263041Sedwin 342263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 343263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 344263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 345263041Sedwin 346273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 347273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 348273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 349240457Sedwin 350290697Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 351290697Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 352290697Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 353290697Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 354290697Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 355290697Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 356290697Sedwin 357307912Sbapt# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 358307912Sbapt# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 359307912Sbapt# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 360307912Sbapt# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 361307912Sbapt# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 362307912Sbapt 363325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 364325159Sphilip# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 365325159Sphilip# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 366325159Sphilip# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 367339630Sphilip 368339630Sphilip# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 369339630Sphilip# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 370339630Sphilip# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 371352354Sphilip 372352354Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 373352354Sphilip# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 374352354Sphilip# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 375352354Sphilip# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 376352354Sphilip# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 377352354Sphilip# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 378339630Sphilip# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 379352354Sphilip# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 380352354Sphilip# than guessing no DST. 381352354Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 382352354Sphilip# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 383273718Sedwin 384366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 385331662SphilipRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 38675267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 387331662SphilipRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 388204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 389331662SphilipRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 390214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 391263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 392273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 393352354SphilipRule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 394352354SphilipRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 395352354SphilipRule Fiji 2019 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 396349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 398316349Sbapt 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 3992742Swollman 4002742Swollman# French Polynesia 401349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 403316349Sbapt -9:00 - -09 4042742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 405316349Sbapt -9:30 - -0930 406273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 407316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 40843014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 40943014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 4102742Swollman 4112742Swollman# Guam 412342668Sphilip 413366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 414342668Sphilip# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 415342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 416342668SphilipRule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 417342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 418342668SphilipRule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 419342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 420342668SphilipRule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 421342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 422342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 423342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 424342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 425342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 426342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 427342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 428342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 429342668SphilipRule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 430342668SphilipRule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 431342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 432342668SphilipRule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 433342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 434342668SphilipRule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 435342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 436342668SphilipRule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 437342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 438342668SphilipRule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 439342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 440342668SphilipRule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 441342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 442342668SphilipRule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 443342668Sphilip 444349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 44575267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 446273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 447342668Sphilip 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 448342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 449342668Sphilip 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 45075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 451280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 4522742Swollman 4532742Swollman# Kiribati 454349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 456316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4572742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 458316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 459331662Sphilip -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 460316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 4612742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 462316349Sbapt -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 463331662Sphilip -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 464316349Sbapt 14:00 - +14 4652742Swollman 46614343Swollman# N Mariana Is 467280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 46814343Swollman 46914343Swollman# Marshall Is 470349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471342668SphilipZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 472342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 473342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 474342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 475342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 476342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 477342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 478342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 479342668SphilipZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 480342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 481342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 482342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 483342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 484342668Sphilip -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 485342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 48614343Swollman 48714343Swollman# Micronesia 488349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 489342668SphilipZone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 490342668Sphilip 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 491342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 492342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 493342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 494342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 495342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 496342668SphilipZone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 497342668Sphilip 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 498342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 499342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 500342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 501342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 502342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 503342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 504342668SphilipZone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 505342668Sphilip 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 506342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 507342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 508342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 509342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 510342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 511342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 512342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 1999 513342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 51414343Swollman 5152742Swollman# Nauru 516349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 518342668Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 519342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 520342668Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 521316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 5222742Swollman 5232742Swollman# New Caledonia 524366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 525331662SphilipRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 52619878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 527331662SphilipRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 528158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 52943014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 530349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 531270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 532316349Sbapt 11:00 NC +11/+12 5332742Swollman 5342742Swollman 5352742Swollman############################################################################### 5362742Swollman 5372742Swollman# New Zealand 5382742Swollman 539366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 540121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 541121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 542121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 543121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 544121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 545121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 546121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 547331662Sphilip# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 548331662Sphilip# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 549331662Sphilip# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 550331662Sphilip# time to percolate out. 551114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 552331662SphilipRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 553114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 554331662SphilipRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 5559908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 556331662SphilipRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 557114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 558331662SphilipRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 559114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 560331662SphilipRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 561169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 562331662SphilipRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 563169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 564331662SphilipRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 565169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 566331662SphilipRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 567169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 568331662SphilipRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 569349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 570114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 571121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 5722742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 573270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 574316349Sbapt 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 575316349Sbapt 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 5762742Swollman 577257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 5788029Swollman 57930711Swollman# Auckland Is 580270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 58158787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5822742Swollman 58330711Swollman# Campbell I 58458787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 58558787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 58658787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 58730711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 58830711Swollman 589267473Sedwin# Cook Is 590267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 591366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592331662SphilipRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 593267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 594331662SphilipRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 595349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 596273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 597316349Sbapt -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 598316349Sbapt -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 599267473Sedwin 6002742Swollman############################################################################### 6012742Swollman 6022742Swollman 6032742Swollman# Niue 604349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 605273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 606316349Sbapt -11:20 - -1120 1951 607316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 608316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 6092742Swollman 6102742Swollman# Norfolk 611349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 613316349Sbapt 11:12 - +1112 1951 614352354Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 615352354Sphilip 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 616352354Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 617352354Sphilip 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 618352354Sphilip 11:00 AN +11/+12 6192742Swollman 62058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 621349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622342668SphilipZone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 623342668Sphilip 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 624342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 6259908Swollman 6262742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 627349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6282742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 629273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 630316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 631273718Sedwin# 632273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 633273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 634273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 635273718Sedwin# 636307361Sbapt# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 637273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 638273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 639273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 640273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 641325159Sphilip# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 642273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 643273718Sedwin# 644307361Sbapt# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 645316349Sbapt# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 646316349Sbapt# See: 647273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 648273718Sedwin# 649273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 650273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 651316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 652316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 653316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 654316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 6552742Swollman 6562742Swollman# Pitcairn 657349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 659316349Sbapt -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 660316349Sbapt -8:00 - -08 6612742Swollman 66214343Swollman# American Samoa 663325159SphilipZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 66414343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 665273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 666280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 66714343Swollman 668270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 669196582Sedwin 670204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 671204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 672204887Sedwin# the following info: 673197000Sedwin# 674204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 675204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 676204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 677204887Sedwin# 678204887Sedwin# Background info: 679325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 680198270Sedwin# 681204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 682204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 683204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 684198270Sedwin 685226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 686214722Sedwin# Please see 687214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 688214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 689214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 690214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 691214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 692214722Sedwin 693226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 694270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 695219687Sedwin# 696270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 697270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 698270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 699270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 700219687Sedwin 701270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 702226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 703240457Sedwin# 704226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 705226289Sedwin 706270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 707270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 708270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 709307361Sbapt# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 710270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 711270728Spluknet# accordingly. 712226289Sedwin 713226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 714226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 715226289Sedwin# 716226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 717226289Sedwin# 718226289Sedwin# DST 719270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 720270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 721270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 722226289Sedwin# 723226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 724226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 725226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 726233445Sedwin# 727270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 728241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 729270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 730241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 731241869Sedwin# 732270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 733270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 734270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 735241869Sedwin 736366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 737331662SphilipRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 738331662SphilipRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 739331662SphilipRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 740331662SphilipRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 741331662SphilipRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 742349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743325159SphilipZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 74414343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 745316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1950 746316349Sbapt -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 747316349Sbapt 13:00 WS +13/+14 74814343Swollman 7492742Swollman# Solomon Is 7502742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 751349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 752273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 753316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 7542742Swollman 755316349Sbapt# Tokelau 756233445Sedwin# 757233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 758233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 759240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 760233445Sedwin# 761240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 762240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 763240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 764328475Sphilip# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 765328475Sphilip# actually was to UT-11 back then. 766233445Sedwin# 767240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 768240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 769240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 770325159Sphilip# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 771240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 772240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 773233445Sedwin 774349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7752742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 776316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 777316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 7782742Swollman 7792742Swollman# Tonga 780366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781331662SphilipRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 78275267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 783331662SphilipRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 784114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 785331662SphilipRule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 786325159SphilipRule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 787349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7882742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 789308302Sgjb 12:20 - +1220 1941 790308302Sgjb 13:00 - +13 1999 791308302Sgjb 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 7922742Swollman 7932742Swollman# Tuvalu 794349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7952742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 796316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 7972742Swollman 79843014Swollman 79943014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 80043014Swollman 80143014Swollman# Howland, Baker 802171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 803171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 804171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 805171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 806307361Sbapt# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 807171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 808171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 809171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 810171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 81143014Swollman 81243014Swollman# Jarvis 813171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 814171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 815171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 81643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 81743014Swollman 81843014Swollman# Johnston 819257681Sedwin# 820316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 821263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 822263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 823316349Sbapt# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 824316349Sbapt# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 825263901Sedwin# 826257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 827257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 828257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 829257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 830257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 831257681Sedwin# 832263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 833263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 834263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 835263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 836263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 837263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 838263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 839273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 840325159Sphilip# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 841263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 842263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 843263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 84443014Swollman 84543014Swollman# Kingman 84643014Swollman# uninhabited 84743014Swollman 84843014Swollman# Midway 849280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 85043014Swollman 85143014Swollman# Palmyra 85243014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 85343014Swollman 85443014Swollman# Wake 855349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 85643014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 857316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 85843014Swollman 85943014Swollman 8602742Swollman# Vanuatu 861366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 862331662SphilipRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 86319878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 864331662SphilipRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 865331662SphilipRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 86620094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 867331662SphilipRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 868349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 869273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 870316349Sbapt 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 8712742Swollman 8722742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 873349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8742742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 875316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 8762742Swollman 8772742Swollman############################################################################### 8782742Swollman 8792742Swollman# NOTES 8802742Swollman 881273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8822742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 883273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 884273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8852742Swollman 886342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 887274559Sedwin# 888274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 889158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 890158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 891274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 8922742Swollman# 893316349Sbapt# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 894316349Sbapt# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 89520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 89620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 897274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 898274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 89920094Swollman# 9002742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 9012742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 9022742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 9032742Swollman# 904248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 905273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 906325159Sphilip# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 907248307Sedwin# 9082742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 90958787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 9102742Swollman# 911342668Sphilip# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 912316349Sbapt# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 9132742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 914270728Spluknet# std dst 915270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 916270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 917270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 918270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 919342668Sphilip# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 920270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 921270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 922270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 923270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 924270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 9252742Swollman# 926270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 927270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 9282742Swollman 9292742Swollman############################################################################### 9302742Swollman 9312742Swollman# Australia 9322742Swollman 933270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 934270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 935270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 936270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 937270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 938270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 939270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 940270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 941270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 942270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 943270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 944270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 945270728Spluknet 946153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 947153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 948273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 949270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 95058787Sru 951153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 952153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 953273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 954270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 955153670Swollman 95619878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 957270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 958270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 959270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 9602742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 9612742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 9622742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 9632742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 964270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 9652742Swollman# time'. 9662742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 967270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 968270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 9692742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 9702742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 971270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 9722742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 9732742Swollman 974270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 97586222Swollman# 976270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 977270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 978270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 979270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 980270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 981270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 982270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 983270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 984270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 985270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 986270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 987270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 98886222Swollman# 989270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 990270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 991270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 992270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 993270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 994270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 995270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 996270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 997270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 998270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 99986222Swollman# 1000270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1001270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 100286222Swollman# 1003270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1004270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1005270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1006270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 100786222Swollman# 1008270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1009270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 101086222Swollman# 1011270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1012270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1013270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1014270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1015270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1016270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1017270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 101886222Swollman# 1019270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1020270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1021270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1022270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1023270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1024270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1025270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1026270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1027270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1028270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1029270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1030270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1031270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1032270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 103386222Swollman# 1034270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 103586222Swollman# 1036270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1037270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1038270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1039270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 104086222Swollman# 1041270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1042270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1043270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 104486222Swollman# 1045270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1046270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1047270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 104886222Swollman# 1049270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1050270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1051270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 105286222Swollman# 1053270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1054325159Sphilip# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1055270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 105686222Swollman# 1057270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1058270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1059270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1060270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1061270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1062270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 106386222Swollman# 1064270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1065270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1066270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1067270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1068270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1069270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1070270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1071270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1072270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 107386222Swollman 107414343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1075158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1076149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 10779908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 10789908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1079270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 108014343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 10812742Swollman 1082149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 108375267Swollman# 108443014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 108543014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 108643014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 108775267Swollman# 108843014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 108943014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1090325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 109143014Swollman# ACT 109243014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1093325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 109443014Swollman# SA 109543014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1096325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 109743014Swollman 1098149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1099149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1100149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1101149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1102149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1103149514Swollman# 1104149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1105149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1106149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1107149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1108149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1109149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1110149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1111149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1112149514Swollman# allude to it. 1113149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1114270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1115149514Swollman 11169908Swollman# Northern Territory 11179908Swollman 111819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11192742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 11202742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11212742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 11222742Swollman# ... 11239908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 11242742Swollman 112519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11262742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11272742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 11282742Swollman 11299908Swollman# Western Australia 11302742Swollman 113119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11322742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 11332742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11342742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 11352742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 11362742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 11372742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 11382742Swollman# ... 11392742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 11402742Swollman# ... 11412742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11422742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 11432742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11442742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 11452742Swollman 114619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11472742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11482742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 11492742Swollman 115019878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 11512742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 11522742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 11532742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 11542742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 11552742Swollman# everybody again. 11562742Swollman 115719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11582742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 11592742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 11602742Swollman 116158787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1162273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1163270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 116458787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 116558787Sru 1166333312Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1167333312Sphilip# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1168333312Sphilip# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1169333312Sphilip# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1170333312Sphilip# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1171333312Sphilip# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1172333312Sphilip# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1173333312Sphilip# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1174333312Sphilip 11759908Swollman# Queensland 1176331662Sphilip 1177331662Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1178331662Sphilip# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1179331662Sphilip# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1180331662Sphilip# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1181331662Sphilip# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1182331662Sphilip 118319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11842742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 11852742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11862742Swollman# ... 11872742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 11882742Swollman# ... 11892742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11902742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 11912742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11922742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 11932742Swollman 119419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 11952742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 11962742Swollman# October 1989). 11972742Swollman 119819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11992742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 12002742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 12012742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 12022742Swollman 120319878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 12042742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 12052742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 12062742Swollman# me.) 12072742Swollman 120819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 12092742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 12102742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 12112742Swollman# ... 12122742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12132742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12142742Swollman# ... 12152742Swollman 121619878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12172742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 12182742Swollman 1219169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1220270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1221169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1222273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1223169811Swollman 1224105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1225114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1226169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1227114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1228114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1229114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1230114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1231169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1232105196Swollman# 1233105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1234105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1235105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1236273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1237105196Swollman# 1238169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1239169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1240169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1241169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1242105196Swollman# 1243169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1244169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1245169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1246169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1247169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1248169811Swollman# 1249169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1250169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1251169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1252169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1253169811Swollman# 1254169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1255169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1256169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1257169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1258169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1259349598Sphilip# 1260349598Sphilip# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1261349598Sphilip# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1262349598Sphilip# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1263349598Sphilip# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1264349598Sphilip# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1265349598Sphilip# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1266349598Sphilip# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1267349598Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1268349598Sphilip# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1269349598Sphilip# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1270349598Sphilip# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1271349598Sphilip# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1272349598Sphilip# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1273349598Sphilip# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1274349598Sphilip# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1275105196Swollman 1276169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1277169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1278169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1279169811Swollman 1280169811Swollman 1281171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 12822742Swollman# 1283171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1284171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1285171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1286171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 12872742Swollman 12882742Swollman 12899908Swollman# South Australia 12902742Swollman 129119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 12922742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 12932742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 12942742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 12952742Swollman 129619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12972742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 12982742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12992742Swollman# ... 13002742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 13012742Swollman# ... 13022742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13032742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1304158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 13052742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 13062742Swollman 130719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 13082742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 13092742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 13102742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 13112742Swollman 131219878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 13132742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 13142742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 13152742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 13162742Swollman# is on... 13172742Swollman 131819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 13192742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 13202742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 13212742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 13222742Swollman 132319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 13242742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 13252742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 13262742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 13272742Swollman 1328149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 13299908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 13309908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 13319908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 13322742Swollman 1333171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1334171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1335171948Sedwin 13369908Swollman# Tasmania 13379908Swollman 133858787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 133958787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13402742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 13412742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 13422742Swollman 134319878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 13442742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 13452742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 13462742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 13472742Swollman 134858787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 134958787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 135058787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 135158787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 135258787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 135358787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 135458787Sru 135564499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 135664499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 135764499Swollman 1358171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1359171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1360171948Sedwin 13619908Swollman# Victoria 13622742Swollman 136358787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 136458787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13652742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 13662742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 13672742Swollman 136886222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 136986222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 137086222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 137186222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 137286222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 137386222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 137486222Swollman# 137586222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 137686222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 137786222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 137886222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 137986222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 138086222Swollman# expected time. 138186222Swollman# 138286222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 138386222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 138486222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 138586222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 138686222Swollman# 138786222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 138886222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 138986222Swollman 1390171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1391171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1392171948Sedwin 13939908Swollman# New South Wales 13942742Swollman 13952742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 13962742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1397149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 13982742Swollman# who notes: 13992742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1400270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 14012742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 14022742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 14032742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 14042742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 14052742Swollman 1406149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 140758787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1408273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1409273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1410273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 14112742Swollman 141258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 141358787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 141458787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1415273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 141658787Sru# 141758787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 141858787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 141958787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1420273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1421270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 142258787Sru# 1423325159Sphilip# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1424270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1425273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 142658787Sru# 142758787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1428270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1429273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 143058787Sru# 143158787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 143258787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1433273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1434270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1435270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 143658787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 143758787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 143875267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1439270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 144058787Sru# 144158787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1442270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1443273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 14442742Swollman 144543543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 144643543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 144758787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 144843543Swollman 144967578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 145075267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 145175267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 145267578Swollman 1453171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1454171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1455171948Sedwin 14569908Swollman# Yancowinna 14572742Swollman 145867578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1459270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 14602742Swollman 146119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14622742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 14632742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 14642742Swollman# ... 146543014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 14662742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 14672742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 14682742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 14692742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 14702742Swollman# # presently available. 14712742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 14722742Swollman# ... 14732742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14742742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 14752742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 14762742Swollman 14779908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 14782742Swollman 147919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1480153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 14812742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 14822742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 14832742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 14842742Swollman 148558787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 148658787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 148758787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 148858787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 148958787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 149058787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1491226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 149258787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 149358787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 149458787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 149514343Swollman 149675267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 149775267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 149875267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 149975267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 150075267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 150175267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 150258787Sru 1503158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1504158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1505158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 150667578Swollman 1507171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1508171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1509171948Sedwin 1510192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1511240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1512240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1513192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1514240457Sedwin# 1515192886Sedwin# From 1516192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1517240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1518192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1519240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1520192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1521240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1522240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1523192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1524240457Sedwin# 1525192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1526325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 15272742Swollman############################################################################### 15282742Swollman 152958787Sru# New Zealand 15302742Swollman 153119878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 15322742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 15332742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 15342742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1535270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 15362742Swollman 153719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 15382742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 15392742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1540153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 15412742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 15422742Swollman# ... 15432742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 15442742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 15452742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 15462742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 15472742Swollman# ... 15482742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 15492742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 15502742Swollman 155119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 15522742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 15532742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 15542742Swollman 155514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1556158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1557149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 155814343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 155914343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 156014343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 156114343Swollman# 1562158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1563121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1564328475Sphilip# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1565158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1566121098Swollman# 1567121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1568121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1569121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 157014343Swollman 1571169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1572169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1573169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1574169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1575169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1576169811Swollman 1577270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1578270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1579273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1580325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1581270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1582270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1583270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1584270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1585270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1586270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1587307361Sbapt# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1588270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1589270728Spluknet 15902742Swollman############################################################################### 15912742Swollman 159258787Sru 1593349598Sphilip# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1594349598Sphilip 1595349598Sphilip# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1596349598Sphilip# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1597349598Sphilip# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1598349598Sphilip# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1599349598Sphilip# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1600349598Sphilip# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1601349598Sphilip# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1602349598Sphilip# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1603349598Sphilip# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1604349598Sphilip# 1605349598Sphilip# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/��������������������������� 1606349598Sphilip 1607349598Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1608349598Sphilip# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1609349598Sphilip# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1610349598Sphilip# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1611349598Sphilip# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1612349598Sphilip# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1613349598Sphilip# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1614349598Sphilip# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1615349598Sphilip# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1616349598Sphilip# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1617349598Sphilip# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1618349598Sphilip# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1619349598Sphilip# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1620349598Sphilip# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1621349598Sphilip# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1622349598Sphilip# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1623349598Sphilip# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1624349598Sphilip# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1625349598Sphilip# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1626349598Sphilip# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1627349598Sphilip 1628349598Sphilip 16292742Swollman# Fiji 16302742Swollman 163158787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 163258787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 163358787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 16342742Swollman 163543543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 163643543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 163775267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 163843543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 163943543Swollman 164058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 164158787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 164258787Sru 1643253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1644253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1645270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1646253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1647253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1648253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 164943543Swollman 165075267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 165175267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 165258787Sru 165314343Swollman 165417200Swollman# Kiribati 165517200Swollman 165617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 165717200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1658270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 165917200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 166017200Swollman 1661331662Sphilip# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1662331662Sphilip# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1663331662Sphilip# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1664331662Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1665331662Sphilip# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1666331662Sphilip# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 166758787Sru 16682742Swollman# Kwajalein 16692742Swollman 1670342668Sphilip# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1671342668Sphilip# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1672342668Sphilip# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1673342668Sphilip# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1674342668Sphilip# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1675342668Sphilip# one side of the international date line to the other." 1676342668Sphilip# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1677342668Sphilip# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 16782742Swollman 1679342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1680342668Sphilip# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/������������������������> ... pointed out that 1681342668Sphilip# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1682342668Sphilip# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1683342668Sphilip# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1684342668Sphilip# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1685342668Sphilip# 1686342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1687342668Sphilip# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1688342668Sphilip# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1689342668Sphilip# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1690342668Sphilip# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1691342668Sphilip# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1692342668Sphilip# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1693342668Sphilip# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1694342668Sphilip# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 169558787Sru 1696342668Sphilip 169714343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 16982742Swollman 1699342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1700342668Sphilip# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1701342668Sphilip# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1702342668Sphilip# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1703342668Sphilip# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1704342668Sphilip 1705342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1706270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1707270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 17082742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 170975267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 171075267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 1711342668Sphilip# 1712342668Sphilip# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1713342668Sphilip# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1714342668Sphilip# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1715342668Sphilip# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1716342668Sphilip# 1717307361Sbapt# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 171875267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 171975267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 172075267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 172158787Sru 1722342668Sphilip# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 172375267Swollman 172417200Swollman 1725342668Sphilip# Marshall Is 1726342668Sphilip# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1727342668Sphilip 1728342668Sphilip 1729342668Sphilip# Micronesia (and nearby) 1730342668Sphilip 1731342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1732342668Sphilip# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1733342668Sphilip# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1734342668Sphilip 1735149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1736270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1737270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 173817200Swollman# 1739307361Sbapt# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1740158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 174117200Swollman 174258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 174358787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1744270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1745273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1746307361Sbapt# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1747307361Sbapt# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 174858787Sru 1749342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1750342668Sphilip# 1751342668Sphilip# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/������������������������ 1752342668Sphilip# ... 1753342668Sphilip# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1754342668Sphilip# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1755342668Sphilip# 1756342668Sphilip# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1757342668Sphilip# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1758342668Sphilip# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1759342668Sphilip# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1760342668Sphilip# 1761342668Sphilip# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1762342668Sphilip# instructed to use JST at the time. 1763342668Sphilip# 1764342668Sphilip# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1765342668Sphilip# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1766342668Sphilip# longitude of the atoll. 1767342668Sphilip# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1768342668Sphilip# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1769342668Sphilip# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1770342668Sphilip# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1771342668Sphilip# is if they keep their own time back then) 1772342668Sphilip# 1773342668Sphilip# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1774342668Sphilip# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1775342668Sphilip# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1776342668Sphilip# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1777342668Sphilip# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1778342668Sphilip# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1779342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1780342668Sphilip# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1781342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1782342668Sphilip# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1783342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1784342668Sphilip# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1785342668Sphilip# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1786342668Sphilip# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1787342668Sphilip# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1788342668Sphilip# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1789342668Sphilip# time of the area. 1790342668Sphilip# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1791342668Sphilip# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1792342668Sphilip# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1793342668Sphilip# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1794342668Sphilip# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1795342668Sphilip# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1796342668Sphilip# Marshall Islands. 1797342668Sphilip# 1798342668Sphilip# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1799342668Sphilip# area into 2 timezones: 1800342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1801342668Sphilip# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1802342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1803342668Sphilip# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1804342668Sphilip# Standard Time) 1805342668Sphilip# 1806342668Sphilip# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1807342668Sphilip# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1808342668Sphilip# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1809342668Sphilip# 1810342668Sphilip# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1811342668Sphilip# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1812342668Sphilip# period of time.... 1813342668Sphilip# 1814342668Sphilip# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1815342668Sphilip# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1816342668Sphilip# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1817342668Sphilip# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1818342668Sphilip# 1819342668Sphilip# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1820342668Sphilip# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1821342668Sphilip# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1822342668Sphilip# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1823342668Sphilip# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1824342668Sphilip# information can be found. 1825342668Sphilip# 1826342668Sphilip# 1827342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1828342668Sphilip# 1829342668Sphilip# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1830342668Sphilip# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1831342668Sphilip# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1832342668Sphilip# 1833342668Sphilip# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1834342668Sphilip# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1835342668Sphilip# 1836342668Sphilip# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 183758787Sru 1838342668Sphilip 1839121098Swollman# Midway 1840121098Swollman 1841121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1842121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1843121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1844121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1845121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1846121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1847121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1848121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1849121098Swollman# 1850121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1851121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1852121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1853121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1854121098Swollman 1855342668Sphilip# Nauru 1856342668Sphilip 1857342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1858342668Sphilip# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1859342668Sphilip# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1860342668Sphilip# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1861342668Sphilip# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/��������������������� 1862342668Sphilip# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1863342668Sphilip# ... 1864342668Sphilip# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1865342668Sphilip# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1866342668Sphilip# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1867342668Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1868342668Sphilip# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1869342668Sphilip# 1870342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1871342668Sphilip# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1872342668Sphilip# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1873342668Sphilip# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1874342668Sphilip# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1875342668Sphilip# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1876342668Sphilip# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1877342668Sphilip 1878290697Sedwin# Norfolk 1879121098Swollman 1880290697Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1881290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1882290697Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1883290697Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1884290697Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1885290697Sedwin 1886352354Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 1887290697Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1888290697Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1889290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1890290697Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1891325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1892352354Sphilip# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 1893352354Sphilip# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 1894352354Sphilip# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 1895290697Sedwin 1896352354Sphilip# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 1897352354Sphilip# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 1898352354Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 1899352354Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 1900352354Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 1901352354Sphilip 1902342668Sphilip# Palau 1903342668Sphilip# See commentary for Micronesia. 1904342668Sphilip 190558787Sru# Pitcairn 190658787Sru 190758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 190858787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 190958787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 191058787Sru# 191158787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 191258787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 191358787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 191458787Sru# 191558787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 191658787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 191758787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 191858787Sru 191958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 192058787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 192158787Sru# ... at midnight. 192258787Sru 192358787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 192458787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1925331662Sphilip# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be �� hour different from us here in 192658787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 192758787Sru 192858787Sru 1929270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 193014343Swollman 1931325159Sphilip# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1932325159Sphilip# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1933270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1934270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1935270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1936325159Sphilip# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1937325159Sphilip# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 193817200Swollman 1939307361Sbapt# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1940307361Sbapt# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1941270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1942270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1943307361Sbapt# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1944270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1945270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1946270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 194758787Sru 1948325159Sphilip 194917200Swollman# Tonga 195017200Swollman 195117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1952270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1953270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 195417200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 195558787Sru 195658787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1957273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1958273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1959273718Sedwin# 196058787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 196158787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 196258787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 196358787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1964331662Sphilip# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13�� 196558787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 196658787Sru# 1967270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1968270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 196958787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 197058787Sru# 197158787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 197258787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 197358787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 197458787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 197558787Sru# 197658787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 197758787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 197858787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 197958787Sru 1980158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1981158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 198258787Sru 198358787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1984253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 198558787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 198658787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 198758787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 198858787Sru# Government. 198958787Sru 1990149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 199158787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 199275267Swollman# 1993149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 199458787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 199575267Swollman# 199658787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 199758787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 199858787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 199958787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 200058787Sru 2001149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2002270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 200375267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 200475267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 200575267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 200675267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 200758787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 200858787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 200958787Sru 201058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 201158787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 201258787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 201358787Sru 201475267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 201575267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 201675267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 201775267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 201875267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 201975267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2020270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 202158787Sru 202275267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 202375267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 202475267Swollman 202593799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 202693799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 202793799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 202893799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 202993799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 203086222Swollman 2031308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 2032114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 203386222Swollman 2034308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 2035308302Sgjb# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2036308302Sgjb# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2037308302Sgjb# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2038308302Sgjb# 2039308302Sgjb# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2040308302Sgjb# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2041308302Sgjb# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2042121098Swollman 2043325159Sphilip# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2044325159Sphilip# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 2045325159Sphilip# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2046325159Sphilip# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2047325159Sphilip# 2048325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2049325159Sphilip# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2050325159Sphilip 2051325159Sphilip 2052121098Swollman# Wake 2053121098Swollman 2054121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 2055121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 2056121098Swollman# 2057270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 2058121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 2059121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 2060121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 2061121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 2062121098Swollman# impossible. 2063121098Swollman# 2064325159Sphilip# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 2065121098Swollman 2066121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2067121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 2068121098Swollman 2069342668Sphilip# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2070342668Sphilip 2071342668Sphilip 207258787Sru############################################################################### 207358787Sru 207458787Sru# The International Date Line 207558787Sru 207658787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 207775267Swollman# 207858787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 207958787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 208058787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 208158787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 208258787Sru# 208358787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 208458787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 208558787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 208658787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 208758787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 208858787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2089153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 209058787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 209158787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 209258787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 209358787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 2094149514Swollman 2095325159Sphilip# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2096153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2097153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2098153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2099153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2100153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2101153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2102153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2103153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2104153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2105270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2106153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2107153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2108153670Swollman 2109149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2110149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 2111149514Swollman# 2112149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2113273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2114149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2115149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2116