australasia revision 328475
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270728SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270728SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270728SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47316349Sbapt 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 48316349Sbapt 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 63307361Sbapt# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64307361Sbapt# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65307361Sbapt# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66307361Sbapt# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67307361Sbapt# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68307361Sbapt# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69307361Sbapt# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70307361Sbapt# 7120094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 782742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 8120094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 852742Swollman 869908Swollman# South Australia 872742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1042742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1082742Swollman 1099908Swollman# Tasmania 110149514Swollman# 111149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114149514Swollman# 1152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1362742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 141149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1462742Swollman 1479908Swollman# Victoria 1482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1672742Swollman 1689908Swollman# New South Wales 1692742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1872742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1902742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1968029Swollman 19714343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19814343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199270728SpluknetRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200270728SpluknetRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201270728SpluknetRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203270728SpluknetRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204270728SpluknetRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205270728SpluknetRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206270728SpluknetRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207270728SpluknetRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208270728SpluknetRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209270728SpluknetRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210270728SpluknetRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212270728SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 2132742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 216316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+11 2178029Swollman 21814343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2192742Swollman# 2202742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 22114343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 222169811Swollman# no times are set 2232742Swollman# 22414343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 22514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 226169811Swollman# no times are set 22714343Swollman# 22830711Swollman# Macquarie 229249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 230249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 231249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 232273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 233273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 234249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 235249692Sedwin# 236249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 237249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 238249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 239249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 240249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 241253009Sedwin# 242253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 243253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 244270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 245253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 246253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 247307361SbaptZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 248273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 249270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 250273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 251307361Sbapt 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 252270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 253273718Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 254316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 2552742Swollman 25643014Swollman# Christmas 25743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 259316349Sbapt 7:00 - +07 2602742Swollman 261267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 262149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 263149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 266316349Sbapt 6:30 - +0630 2672742Swollman 268267473Sedwin 2692742Swollman# Fiji 270248307Sedwin 271248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 272248307Sedwin 273199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276199336Sedwin# 277199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280199336Sedwin 281199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 282199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 283199336Sedwin# amendments: 284199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 285204887Sedwin 286204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 287204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 288204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 289204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 290204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 291204887Sedwin# 292204887Sedwin# Official source: 293204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294204887Sedwin# 295204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 296325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 297204887Sedwin 298214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 299240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 300214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 301240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 302214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 303214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 305214722Sedwin 306226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 307240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 308226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 309226289Sedwin# 310270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 311226289Sedwin# which says 312240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 313240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 314226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 315226289Sedwin 316226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 317226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 318226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 319226976Sedwin# 320226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 321226976Sedwin# states: 322226976Sedwin# 323226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 324226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 325226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 326226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 327226976Sedwin 328240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 329240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 330240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 331240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 332240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 333257681Sedwin 334257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 335263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 336263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 337257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 338263041Sedwin 339263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 340263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 341263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 342263041Sedwin 343273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 344273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 345273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 346240457Sedwin 347290697Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 348290697Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 349290697Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 350290697Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 351290697Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 352290697Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 353290697Sedwin 354307912Sbapt# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 355307912Sbapt# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 356307912Sbapt# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 357307912Sbapt# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 358307912Sbapt# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 359307912Sbapt 360325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 361325159Sphilip# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 362325159Sphilip# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 363325159Sphilip# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 364325159Sphilip# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 365325159Sphilip# the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches 366290697Sedwin# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 367273718Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 368273718Sedwin 36943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 37075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 37175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 372199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 373204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 374273718SedwinRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 375214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 376263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 377273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 378273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 379325159SphilipRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 - 3802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 382316349Sbapt 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 3832742Swollman 3842742Swollman# French Polynesia 3852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 387316349Sbapt -9:00 - -09 3882742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 389316349Sbapt -9:30 - -0930 390273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 391316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 39243014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 39343014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3942742Swollman 3952742Swollman# Guam 3962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 398273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 399273718Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 40075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 401280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 4022742Swollman 4032742Swollman# Kiribati 4042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 406316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 408316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 409316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 1995 410316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 4112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 412316349Sbapt -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 413316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 1995 414316349Sbapt 14:00 - +14 4152742Swollman 41614343Swollman# N Mariana Is 417280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 41814343Swollman 41914343Swollman# Marshall Is 42014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 42114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 422316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 423316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 42414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 425316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 426316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 427316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 42814343Swollman 42914343Swollman# Micronesia 43014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 432316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 433273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 434316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 43514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 436316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 437316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 1999 438316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 43914343Swollman 4402742Swollman# Nauru 4412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 443316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 444316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 445316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 446316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4472742Swollman 4482742Swollman# New Caledonia 4492742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45019878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 45119878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 45243014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 453158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 45443014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 457316349Sbapt 11:00 NC +11/+12 4582742Swollman 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman############################################################################### 4612742Swollman 4622742Swollman# New Zealand 4632742Swollman 4642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 465121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 466121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 467121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 468121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 469121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 470121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 471121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 472121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 473267473Sedwin# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 474267473Sedwin# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 475114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 476121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 477114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 478121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4799908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 480121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 481114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 482121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 483114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 484121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 485169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 486169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 487169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 488169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 489169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 490169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 491169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 492169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 495121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4962742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 497270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 498316349Sbapt 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 499316349Sbapt 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 5002742Swollman 501257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 5028029Swollman 50330711Swollman# Auckland Is 504270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 50558787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5062742Swollman 50730711Swollman# Campbell I 50858787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 50958787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 51058787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 51130711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 51230711Swollman 513267473Sedwin# Cook Is 514267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 515267473Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 516267473SedwinRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 517267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 518267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 519267473Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 520273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 521316349Sbapt -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 522316349Sbapt -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 523267473Sedwin 5242742Swollman############################################################################### 5252742Swollman 5262742Swollman 5272742Swollman# Niue 5282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 529273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 530316349Sbapt -11:20 - -1120 1951 531316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 532316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 5332742Swollman 5342742Swollman# Norfolk 5352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 536273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 537316349Sbapt 11:12 - +1112 1951 538316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 539316349Sbapt 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 540316349Sbapt 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 541316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 5422742Swollman 54358787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5449908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545273718SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 546316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 5479908Swollman 5482742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5502742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 551273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 552316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 553273718Sedwin# 554273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 555273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 556273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 557273718Sedwin# 558307361Sbapt# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 559273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 560273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 561273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 562273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 563325159Sphilip# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 564273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 565273718Sedwin# 566307361Sbapt# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 567316349Sbapt# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 568316349Sbapt# See: 569273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 570273718Sedwin# 571273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 572273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 573316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 574316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 575316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 576316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 5772742Swollman 5782742Swollman# Pitcairn 5792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 580273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 581316349Sbapt -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 582316349Sbapt -8:00 - -08 5832742Swollman 58414343Swollman# American Samoa 585325159SphilipZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 58614343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 587273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 588280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 58914343Swollman 590270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 591196582Sedwin 592204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 593204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 594204887Sedwin# the following info: 595197000Sedwin# 596204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 597204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 598204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 599204887Sedwin# 600204887Sedwin# Background info: 601325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 602198270Sedwin# 603204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 604204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 605204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 606198270Sedwin 607226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 608214722Sedwin# Please see 609214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 610214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 611214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 612214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 613214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 614214722Sedwin 615226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 616270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 617219687Sedwin# 618270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 619270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 620270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 621270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 622219687Sedwin 623270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 624226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 625240457Sedwin# 626226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 627226289Sedwin 628270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 629270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 630270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 631307361Sbapt# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 632270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 633270728Spluknet# accordingly. 634226289Sedwin 635226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 636226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 637226289Sedwin# 638226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 639226289Sedwin# 640226289Sedwin# DST 641270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 642270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 643270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 644226289Sedwin# 645226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 646226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 647226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 648233445Sedwin# 649270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 650241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 651270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 652241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 653241869Sedwin# 654270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 655270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 656270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 657241869Sedwin 658241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 659270728SpluknetRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 660270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 661270728SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 662270728SpluknetRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 663241869SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 664241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665325159SphilipZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 66614343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 667316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1950 668316349Sbapt -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 669316349Sbapt 13:00 WS +13/+14 67014343Swollman 6712742Swollman# Solomon Is 6722742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 675316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 6762742Swollman 677316349Sbapt# Tokelau 678233445Sedwin# 679233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 680233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 681240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 682233445Sedwin# 683240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 684240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 685240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 686328475Sphilip# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 687328475Sphilip# actually was to UT-11 back then. 688233445Sedwin# 689240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 690240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 691240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 692325159Sphilip# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 693240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 694240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 695233445Sedwin 6962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 698316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 699316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 7002742Swollman 7012742Swollman# Tonga 70258787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70375267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 70475267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 705114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 706114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 707325159SphilipRule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 708325159SphilipRule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 7092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7102742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 711308302Sgjb 12:20 - +1220 1941 712308302Sgjb 13:00 - +13 1999 713308302Sgjb 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 7142742Swollman 7152742Swollman# Tuvalu 7162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 718316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 7192742Swollman 72043014Swollman 72143014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 72243014Swollman 72343014Swollman# Howland, Baker 724171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 725171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 726171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 727171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 728307361Sbapt# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 729171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 730171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 731171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 732171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 73343014Swollman 73443014Swollman# Jarvis 735171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 736171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 737171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 73843014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 73943014Swollman 74043014Swollman# Johnston 741257681Sedwin# 742316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 743263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 744263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 745316349Sbapt# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 746316349Sbapt# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 747263901Sedwin# 748257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 749257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 750257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 751257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 752257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 753257681Sedwin# 754263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 755263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 756263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 757263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 758263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 759263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 760263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 761273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 762325159Sphilip# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 763263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 764263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 765263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 76643014Swollman 76743014Swollman# Kingman 76843014Swollman# uninhabited 76943014Swollman 77043014Swollman# Midway 771280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 77243014Swollman 77343014Swollman# Palmyra 77443014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 77543014Swollman 77643014Swollman# Wake 77743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 77843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 779316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 78043014Swollman 78143014Swollman 7822742Swollman# Vanuatu 7832742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78419878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 78519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 78619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 78720094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 78820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 78920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 791273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 792316349Sbapt 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 7932742Swollman 7942742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7962742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 797316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 7982742Swollman 7992742Swollman############################################################################### 8002742Swollman 8012742Swollman# NOTES 8022742Swollman 803273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8042742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 805273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 806273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8072742Swollman 808316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 809274559Sedwin# 810274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 811158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 812158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 813274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 8142742Swollman# 815316349Sbapt# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 816316349Sbapt# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 81720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 81820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 819274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 820274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 82120094Swollman# 8222742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8232742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8242742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8252742Swollman# 826248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 827273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 828325159Sphilip# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 829248307Sedwin# 8302742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 83158787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8322742Swollman# 833316349Sbapt# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 8342742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 835270728Spluknet# std dst 836270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 837270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 838270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 839270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 840316349Sbapt# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 841270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 842270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 843270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 844270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 845270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 8462742Swollman# 847270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 848270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8492742Swollman 8502742Swollman############################################################################### 8512742Swollman 8522742Swollman# Australia 8532742Swollman 854270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 855270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 856270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 857270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 858270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 859270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 860270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 861270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 862270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 863270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 864270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 865270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 866270728Spluknet 867153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 868153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 869273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 870270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 87158787Sru 872153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 873153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 874273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 875270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 876153670Swollman 87719878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 878270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 879270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 880270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8812742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8822742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8832742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8842742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 885270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8862742Swollman# time'. 8872742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 888270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 889270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8902742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8912742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 892270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8932742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8942742Swollman 895270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 89686222Swollman# 897270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 898270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 899270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 900270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 901270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 902270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 903270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 904270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 905270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 906270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 907270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 908270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 90986222Swollman# 910270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 911270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 912270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 913270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 914270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 915270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 916270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 917270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 918270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 919270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 92086222Swollman# 921270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 922270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 92386222Swollman# 924270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 925270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 926270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 927270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 92886222Swollman# 929270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 930270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 93186222Swollman# 932270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 933270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 934270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 935270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 936270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 937270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 938270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 93986222Swollman# 940270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 941270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 942270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 943270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 944270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 945270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 946270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 947270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 948270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 949270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 950270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 951270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 952270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 953270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 95486222Swollman# 955270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 95686222Swollman# 957270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 958270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 959270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 960270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 96186222Swollman# 962270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 963270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 964270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 96586222Swollman# 966270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 967270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 968270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 96986222Swollman# 970270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 971270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 972270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 97386222Swollman# 974270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 975325159Sphilip# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 976270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 97786222Swollman# 978270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 979270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 980270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 981270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 982270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 983270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 98486222Swollman# 985270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 986270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 987270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 988270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 989270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 990270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 991270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 992270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 993270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 99486222Swollman 99514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 996158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 997149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9989908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 9999908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1000270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 100114343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 10022742Swollman 1003149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 100475267Swollman# 100543014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 100643014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 100743014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 100875267Swollman# 100943014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 101043014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1011325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 101243014Swollman# ACT 101343014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1014325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 101543014Swollman# SA 101643014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1017325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 101843014Swollman 1019149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1020149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1021149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1022149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1023149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1024149514Swollman# 1025149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1026149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1027149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1028149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1029149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1030149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1031149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1032149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1033149514Swollman# allude to it. 1034149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1035270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1036149514Swollman 10379908Swollman# Northern Territory 10389908Swollman 103919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10402742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10412742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10422742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10432742Swollman# ... 10449908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10452742Swollman 104619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10472742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10482742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10492742Swollman 10509908Swollman# Western Australia 10512742Swollman 105219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10532742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10542742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10552742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10562742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10572742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10582742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10592742Swollman# ... 10602742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10612742Swollman# ... 10622742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10632742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10642742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10652742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10662742Swollman 106719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10682742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10692742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10702742Swollman 107119878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10722742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10732742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10742742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10752742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10762742Swollman# everybody again. 10772742Swollman 107819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10792742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10802742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10812742Swollman 108258787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1083273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1084270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 108558787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 108658787Sru 10879908Swollman# Queensland 108819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10892742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10902742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10912742Swollman# ... 10922742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10932742Swollman# ... 10942742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10952742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10962742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10972742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10982742Swollman 109919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 11002742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 11012742Swollman# October 1989). 11022742Swollman 110319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11042742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11052742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11062742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11072742Swollman 110819878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11092742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11102742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11112742Swollman# me.) 11122742Swollman 111319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11142742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11152742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11162742Swollman# ... 11172742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11182742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11192742Swollman# ... 11202742Swollman 112119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11222742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11232742Swollman 1124169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1125270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1126169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1127273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1128169811Swollman 1129105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1130114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1131169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1132114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1133114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1134114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1135114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1136169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1137105196Swollman# 1138105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1139105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1140105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1141273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1142105196Swollman# 1143169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1144169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1145169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1146169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1147105196Swollman# 1148169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1149169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1150169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1151169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1152169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1153169811Swollman# 1154169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1155169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1156169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1157169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1158169811Swollman# 1159169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1160169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1161169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1162169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1163169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1164105196Swollman 1165169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1166169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1167169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1168169811Swollman 1169169811Swollman 1170171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11712742Swollman# 1172171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1173171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1174171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1175171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11762742Swollman 11772742Swollman 11789908Swollman# South Australia 11792742Swollman 118019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11812742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11822742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11832742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11842742Swollman 118519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11862742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11872742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11882742Swollman# ... 11892742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11902742Swollman# ... 11912742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11922742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1193158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11942742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11952742Swollman 119619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11972742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11982742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 11992742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 12002742Swollman 120119878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 12022742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 12032742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 12042742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 12052742Swollman# is on... 12062742Swollman 120719878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12082742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12092742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12102742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12112742Swollman 121219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12132742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12142742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12152742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12162742Swollman 1217149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12189908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12199908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12209908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12212742Swollman 1222171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1223171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1224171948Sedwin 12259908Swollman# Tasmania 12269908Swollman 122758787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 122858787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12292742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12302742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12312742Swollman 123219878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12332742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12342742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12352742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12362742Swollman 123758787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 123858787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 123958787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 124058787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 124158787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 124258787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 124358787Sru 124464499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 124564499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 124664499Swollman 1247171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1248171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1249171948Sedwin 12509908Swollman# Victoria 12512742Swollman 125258787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 125358787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12542742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12552742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12562742Swollman 125786222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 125886222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 125986222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 126086222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 126186222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 126286222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 126386222Swollman# 126486222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 126586222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 126686222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 126786222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 126886222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 126986222Swollman# expected time. 127086222Swollman# 127186222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 127286222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 127386222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 127486222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 127586222Swollman# 127686222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 127786222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 127886222Swollman 1279171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1280171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1281171948Sedwin 12829908Swollman# New South Wales 12832742Swollman 12842742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12852742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1286149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12872742Swollman# who notes: 12882742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1289270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12902742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12912742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12922742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12932742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12942742Swollman 1295149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 129658787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1297273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1298273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1299273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 13002742Swollman 130158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 130258787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 130358787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1304273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 130558787Sru# 130658787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 130758787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 130858787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1309273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1310270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 131158787Sru# 1312325159Sphilip# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1313270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1314273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 131558787Sru# 131658787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1317270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1318273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 131958787Sru# 132058787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 132158787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1322273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1323270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1324270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 132558787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 132658787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 132775267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1328270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 132958787Sru# 133058787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1331270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1332273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13332742Swollman 133443543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 133543543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 133658787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 133743543Swollman 133867578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 133975267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 134075267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 134167578Swollman 1342171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1343171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1344171948Sedwin 13459908Swollman# Yancowinna 13462742Swollman 134767578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1348270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13492742Swollman 135019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13512742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13522742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13532742Swollman# ... 135443014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13552742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13562742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13572742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13582742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13592742Swollman# # presently available. 13602742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13612742Swollman# ... 13622742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13632742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13642742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13652742Swollman 13669908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13672742Swollman 136819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1369153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13702742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13712742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13722742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13732742Swollman 137458787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 137558787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 137658787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 137758787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 137858787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 137958787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1380226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 138158787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 138258787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 138358787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 138414343Swollman 138575267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 138675267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 138775267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 138875267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 138975267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 139075267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 139158787Sru 1392158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1393158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1394158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 139567578Swollman 1396171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1397171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1398171948Sedwin 1399192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1400240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1401240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1402192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1403240457Sedwin# 1404192886Sedwin# From 1405192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1406240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1407192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1408240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1409192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1410240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1411240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1412192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1413240457Sedwin# 1414192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1415325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 14162742Swollman############################################################################### 14172742Swollman 141858787Sru# New Zealand 14192742Swollman 142019878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14212742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14222742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14232742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1424270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14252742Swollman 142619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14272742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14282742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1429153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14302742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14312742Swollman# ... 14322742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14332742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14342742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14352742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14362742Swollman# ... 14372742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14382742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14392742Swollman 144019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14412742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14422742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14432742Swollman 144414343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1445158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1446149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 144714343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 144814343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 144914343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 145014343Swollman# 1451158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1452121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1453328475Sphilip# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1454158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1455121098Swollman# 1456121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1457121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1458121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 145914343Swollman 1460169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1461169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1462169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1463169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1464169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1465169811Swollman 1466270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1467270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1468273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1469325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1470270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1471270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1472270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1473270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1474270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1475270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1476307361Sbapt# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1477270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1478270728Spluknet 14792742Swollman############################################################################### 14802742Swollman 148158787Sru 14822742Swollman# Fiji 14832742Swollman 148458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 148558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 148658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14872742Swollman 148843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 148943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 149075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 149143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 149243543Swollman 149358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 149458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 149558787Sru 1496253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1497253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1498270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1499253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1500253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1501253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 150243543Swollman 150375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 150475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 150558787Sru 150614343Swollman 150717200Swollman# Kiribati 150817200Swollman 150917200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 151017200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1511270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 151217200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 151317200Swollman 151458787Sru 15152742Swollman# Kwajalein 15162742Swollman 15172742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15182742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 151919878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15202742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15212742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15222742Swollman 152358787Sru 152414343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15252742Swollman 1526270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1527270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15282742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 152975267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 153075267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 153114343Swollman 1532307361Sbapt# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 153375267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 153475267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 153575267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 153658787Sru 153775267Swollman 153817200Swollman# Micronesia 153917200Swollman 1540149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1541270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1542270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 154317200Swollman# 1544307361Sbapt# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1545158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 154617200Swollman 154758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 154858787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1549270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1550273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1551307361Sbapt# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1552307361Sbapt# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 155358787Sru 155458787Sru 1555121098Swollman# Midway 1556121098Swollman 1557121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1558121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1559121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1560121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1561121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1562121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1563121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1564121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1565121098Swollman# 1566121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1567121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1568121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1569121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1570121098Swollman 1571290697Sedwin# Norfolk 1572121098Swollman 1573290697Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1574290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1575290697Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1576290697Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1577290697Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1578290697Sedwin 1579290697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1580290697Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1581290697Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1582290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1583290697Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1584325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1585290697Sedwin 158658787Sru# Pitcairn 158758787Sru 158858787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 158958787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 159058787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 159158787Sru# 159258787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 159358787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 159458787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 159558787Sru# 159658787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 159758787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 159858787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 159958787Sru 160058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 160158787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 160258787Sru# ... at midnight. 160358787Sru 160458787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 160558787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 160658787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 160758787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 160858787Sru 160958787Sru 1610270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 161114343Swollman 1612325159Sphilip# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1613325159Sphilip# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1614270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1615270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1616270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1617325159Sphilip# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1618325159Sphilip# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 161917200Swollman 1620307361Sbapt# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1621307361Sbapt# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1622270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1623270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1624307361Sbapt# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1625270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1626270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1627270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 162858787Sru 1629325159Sphilip 163017200Swollman# Tonga 163117200Swollman 163217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1633270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1634270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 163517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 163658787Sru 163758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1638273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1639273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1640273718Sedwin# 164158787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 164258787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 164358787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 164458787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 164558787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 164658787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 164758787Sru# 1648270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1649270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 165058787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 165158787Sru# 165258787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 165358787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 165458787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 165558787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 165658787Sru# 165758787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 165858787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 165958787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 166058787Sru 1661158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1662158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 166358787Sru 166458787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1665253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 166658787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 166758787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 166858787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 166958787Sru# Government. 167058787Sru 1671149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 167258787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 167375267Swollman# 1674149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 167558787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 167675267Swollman# 167758787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 167858787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 167958787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 168058787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 168158787Sru 1682149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1683270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 168475267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 168575267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 168675267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 168775267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 168858787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 168958787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 169058787Sru 169158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 169258787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 169358787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 169458787Sru 169575267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 169675267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 169775267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 169875267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 169975267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 170075267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1701270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 170258787Sru 170375267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 170475267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 170575267Swollman 170693799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 170793799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 170893799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 170993799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 171093799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 171186222Swollman 1712308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 1713114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 171486222Swollman 1715308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 1716308302Sgjb# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1717308302Sgjb# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1718308302Sgjb# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1719308302Sgjb# 1720308302Sgjb# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1721308302Sgjb# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1722308302Sgjb# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1723121098Swollman 1724325159Sphilip# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1725325159Sphilip# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1726325159Sphilip# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1727325159Sphilip# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1728325159Sphilip# 1729325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1730325159Sphilip# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1731325159Sphilip 1732325159Sphilip 1733121098Swollman# Wake 1734121098Swollman 1735121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1736121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1737121098Swollman# 1738270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1739121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1740121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1741121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1742121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1743121098Swollman# impossible. 1744121098Swollman# 1745325159Sphilip# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1746121098Swollman 1747121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1748121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1749121098Swollman 175058787Sru############################################################################### 175158787Sru 175258787Sru# The International Date Line 175358787Sru 175458787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 175575267Swollman# 175658787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 175758787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 175858787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 175958787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 176058787Sru# 176158787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 176258787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 176358787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 176458787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 176558787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 176658787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1767153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 176858787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 176958787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 177058787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 177158787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1772149514Swollman 1773325159Sphilip# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1774153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1775153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1776153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1777153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1778153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1779153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1780153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1781153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1782153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1783270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1784153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1785153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1786153670Swollman 1787149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1788149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1789149514Swollman# 1790149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1791273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1792149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1793149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1794