australasia revision 263901
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227# 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232# on 4 April. 233# 234# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 242 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244 10:00 Aus EST 1967 245 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 247 248# Christmas 249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253# Cook Is 254# From Shanks & Pottenger: 255# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 256Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 257Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 258Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 261 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 262 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 263 264# Cocos 265# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 270 271# Fiji 272 273# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274 275# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278# 279# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 281# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282# </a> 283# or 284# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 285# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 286# </a> 287 288# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 289# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 290# amendments: 291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 293# </a> 294 295# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 296# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 297# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 298# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 299# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 300# 301# Official source: 302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 303# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 304# </a> 305# 306# A bit more background info here: 307# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 308# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 309# </a> 310 311# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 312# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 313# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 314# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 315# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 316# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 317# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 318# </a> 319# or 320# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 321# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 322# </a> 323 324# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 325# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 326# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 327# 328# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 329# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 330# </a> 331# which says 332# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 333# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 334# 2am on February 26 next year. 335 336# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 337# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 338# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 339# 340# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 341# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 342# </a> 343# states: 344# 345# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 346# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 347# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 348# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 349 350# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 351# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 352# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 353# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 354# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 355 356# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 357# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 358# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 359# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 360 361# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 362# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 363# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 364 365# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 366# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 367# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 368# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 369 370# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 371Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 372Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 373Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 374Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 375Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 376Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 377Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 378Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 381 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 382 383# French Polynesia 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 386 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 387Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 388 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 389Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 390 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 391# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 392# it is uninhabited. 393 394# Guam 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 397 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 398 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 399 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 400 401# Kiribati 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 404 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 405Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 406 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 407 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 408 13:00 - PHOT 409Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 410 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 411 -10:00 - LINT 1995 412 14:00 - LINT 413 414# N Mariana Is 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 417 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 418 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 419 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 420 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 421 422# Marshall Is 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 425 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 426 12:00 - MHT 427Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 428 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 429 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 430 12:00 - MHT 431 432# Micronesia 433# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 435 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 436Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 437 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 438Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 439 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 440 12:00 - KOST 1999 441 11:00 - KOST 442 443# Nauru 444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 446 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 447 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 448 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 449 12:00 - NRT 450 451# New Caledonia 452# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 453Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 454Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 455Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 456# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 457Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 459Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 460 11:00 NC NC%sT 461 462 463############################################################################### 464 465# New Zealand 466 467# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 468Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 469Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 470Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 471Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 472Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 473Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 474Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 475# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 476# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 477Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 478Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 479Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 480Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 481Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 482Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 483Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 484Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 485Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 486Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 487Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 488Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 489Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 490Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 491Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 492Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 493Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 494Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 497 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 498 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 499Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 500 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 501 502Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 503 504# Auckland Is 505# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 506# and scientific personnel have wintered 507 508# Campbell I 509# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 510# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 511# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 512# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 513 514############################################################################### 515 516 517# Niue 518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 520 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 521 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 522 -11:00 - NUT 523 524# Norfolk 525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 527 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 528 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 529 530# Palau (Belau) 531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 533 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 534 535# Papua New Guinea 536# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 537Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 538 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 539 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 540 541# Pitcairn 542# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 543Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 544 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 545 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 546 547# American Samoa 548Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 549 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 550 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 551 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 552 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 553 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 554 555# Samoa 556 557# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 558# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 559# the following info: 560# 561# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 562# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 563# Sunday of April 2011." 564# 565# Background info: 566# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 567# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 568# </a> 569# 570# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 571# contain any dates: 572# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 573# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 574# </a> 575 576# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 577# Please see 578# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 579# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 580# </a>, 581# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 582# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 583# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 584# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 585 586# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 587# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 588# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 589# www.mcil.gov.ws 590# </a> 591# 592# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 593# 594# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 595# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 596# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 597# 598# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 599# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 600# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 601# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 602# 603# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 604# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 605 606# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 607# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 608# 609# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 610# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 611# </a> 612 613# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 614# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 615# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 616# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 617# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 618# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 619# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 620# 621# International Date Line Bill 2011 622# 623# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 624# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 625# Line, and for related purposes. 626# 627# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 628# assembled as follows: 629# 630# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 631# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 632# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 633# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 634# 635# [snip] 636# 637# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 638# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 639# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 640# 641# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 642# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 643# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 644# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 645# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 646# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 647# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 648# it defines Samoa standard time.... 649 650# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 651# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 652# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 653# </a> 654# 655# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 656# 657# DST 658# Year End Time Start Time 659# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 660# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 661# 662# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 663# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 664# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 665# 666# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 667# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 668# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 669# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 670# 671# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 672# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 673# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 674# 675# Please find link below for more information. 676# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 677# 678# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 679# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 680# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 681 682# Western Samoa 683# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 684Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 685Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 687Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 688 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 689 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 690 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 691 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 692 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 693 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 694 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 695 13:00 WS WS%sT 696 697# Solomon Is 698# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 699# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 700Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 701 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 702 703# Tokelau Is 704# 705# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 706# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 707# December 31 this year ... 708# 709# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 710# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 711# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 712# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 713# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 714# 715# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 716# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 717# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 718# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 719# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 720# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 721 722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 724 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 725 13:00 - TKT 726 727# Tonga 728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 729Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 730Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 731Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 732Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 733# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 734Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 735 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 736 13:00 - TOT 1999 737 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 738 739# Tuvalu 740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 742 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 743 744 745# US minor outlying islands 746 747# Howland, Baker 748# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 749# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 750# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 751# uninhabited thereafter. 752# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 753# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 754# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 755# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 756# until they were abandoned after the war. 757 758# Jarvis 759# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 760# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 761# uninhabited thereafter. 762# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 763 764# Johnston 765# 766# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 767# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 768# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 769# treat it like Hawaii for now. 770# 771# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 772# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 773# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 774# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 775# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 776# 777# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 778# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 779# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 780# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 781# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 782# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 783# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 784# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976 785# <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>. 786# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 787# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 788# Minus One Hour". 789# 790# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 791 792# Kingman 793# uninhabited 794 795# Midway 796# 797# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 798# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 799# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 800# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 801# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 802# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 803# designations that I've never seen before:.... 804# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 805# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 806# 807Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 808 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 809 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 810 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 811 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 812 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 813 814# Palmyra 815# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 816 817# Wake 818# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 819Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 820 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 821 822 823# Vanuatu 824# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 825Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 826Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 827Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 828Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 829Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 830Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 831# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 832Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 833 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 834 835# Wallis and Futuna 836# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 837Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 838 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 839 840############################################################################### 841 842# NOTES 843 844# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 845# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 846# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 847 848# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 849# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 850# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 851# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 852# 853# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 854# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 855# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 856# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 857# of the IATA's data after 1990. 858# 859# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 860# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 861# 862# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 863# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 864# I found in the UCLA library. 865# 866# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 867# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 868# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 869# 870# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 871# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 872# 873# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 874# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 875# Corrections are welcome! 876# std dst 877# LMT Local Mean Time 878# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 879# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 880# 9:00 JST Japan 881# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 882# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 883# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 884# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 885# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 886# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 887# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 888# -11:00 SST Samoa 889# -10:00 HST Hawaii 890# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 891# 892# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 893# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 894 895############################################################################### 896 897# Australia 898 899# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 900# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 901# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 902# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 903 904# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 905# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 906# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 907# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 908 909# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 910# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 911# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 912# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 913# abbreviation does _not_ change... 914# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 915# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 916# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 917# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 918# time'. 919# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 920# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 921# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 922# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 923# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 924# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 925# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 926 927# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 928# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 929# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 930# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 931# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 932 933# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 934# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 935# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 936# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 937# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 938 939# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 940# versus "AEST" etc.: 941# 942# I see the following points of dispute: 943# 944# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 945# 946# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 947# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 948# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 949# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 950# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 951# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 952# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 953# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 954# 955# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 956# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 957# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 958# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 959# 960# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 961# 962# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 963# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 964# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 965# Time, for example. 966# 967# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 968# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 969# tiebreaker. 970# 971# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 972# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 973# the word "Australian"? 974# 975# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 976# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 977# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 978# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 979# following count of page hits: 980# 981# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 982# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 983# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 984# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 985# 986# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 987# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 988# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 989# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 990# 991# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 992# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 993# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 994# are the hit counts anyway: 995# 996# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 997# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 998# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 999# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 1000# 1001# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 1002# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 1003# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 1004# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 1005# 1006# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 1007# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 1008# 1009# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 1010# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 1011# the ambiguities involved. 1012# 1013# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 1014# 1015# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 1016# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 1017# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1018# understood in Australia. 1019 1020# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1021# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1022# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1023# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1024# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1025# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1026# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1027 1028# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1029# 1030# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1031# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1032# relevant entries in this database. 1033# 1034# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1035# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1036# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1037# </a> 1038# ACT 1039# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1040# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1041# </a> 1042# SA 1043# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1044# Standard Time Act, 1898 1045# </a> 1046 1047# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1048# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1049# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1050# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1051# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1052# 1053# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1054# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1055# to extend DST together in 2006. 1056# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1057# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1058# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1059# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1060# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1061# allude to it. 1062# But not Queensland 1063# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1064 1065# Northern Territory 1066 1067# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1068# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1069# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1070# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1071# ... 1072# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1073 1074# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1075# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1076# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1077 1078# Western Australia 1079 1080# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1081# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1082# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1083# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1084# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1085# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1086# # before reaching parliament. 1087# ... 1088# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1089# ... 1090# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1091# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1092# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1093# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1094 1095# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1096# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1097# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1098 1099# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1100# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1101# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1102# work at 9.00am.) 1103# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1104# everybody again. 1105 1106# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1107# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1108# it matches what was used in the past. 1109 1110# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1111# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1112# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1113# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1114 1115# Queensland 1116# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1117# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1118# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1119# ... 1120# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1121# ... 1122# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1123# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1124# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1125# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1126 1127# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1128# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1129# October 1989). 1130 1131# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1132# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1133# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1134# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1135 1136# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1137# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1138# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1139# me.) 1140 1141# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1142# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1143# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1144# ... 1145# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1146# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1147# ... 1148 1149# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1150# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1151 1152# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1153# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1154# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1155# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1156 1157# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1158# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1159# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1160# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1161# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1162# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1163# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1164# Australia and Western Australia.... 1165# 1166# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1167# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1168# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1169# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1170# 1171# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1172# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1173# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1174# coast of the continent. 1175# 1176# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1177# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1178# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1179# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1180# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1181# 1182# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1183# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1184# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1185# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1186# 1187# (2006-12-09): 1188# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1189# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1190# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1191# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1192 1193# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1194# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1195# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1196 1197 1198# southeast Australia 1199# 1200# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1201# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1202# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1203# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1204 1205 1206# South Australia 1207 1208# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1209# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1210# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1211# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1212 1213# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1214# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1215# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1216# ... 1217# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1218# ... 1219# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1220# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1221# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1222# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1223 1224# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1225# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1226# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1227# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1228 1229# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1230# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1231# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1232# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1233# is on... 1234 1235# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1236# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1237# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1238# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1239 1240# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1241# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1242# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1243# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1244 1245# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1246# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1247# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1248# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1249 1250# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1251# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1252 1253# Tasmania 1254 1255# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1256# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1257# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1258# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1259 1260# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1261# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1262# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1263# (but nothing new about that). 1264 1265# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1266# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1267# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1268# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1269# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1270# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1271 1272# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1273# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1274 1275# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1276# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1277 1278# Victoria 1279 1280# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1281# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1282# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1283# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1284 1285# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1286# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1287# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1288# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1289# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1290# in Melbourne, Australia. 1291# 1292# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1293# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1294# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1295# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1296# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1297# expected time. 1298# 1299# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1300# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1301# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1302# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1303# 1304# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1305# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1306 1307# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1308# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1309 1310# New South Wales 1311 1312# From Arthur David Olson: 1313# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1314# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1315# who notes: 1316# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1317# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1318# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1319# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1320# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1321# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1322 1323# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1324# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1325# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1326# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1327# Two months more daylight saving 1328# </a> 1329# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1330 1331# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1332# See the following official NSW source: 1333# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1334# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1335# </a> 1336# 1337# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1338# daylight saving next year. See: 1339# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1340# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1341# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1342# 1343# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1344# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1345# Vic to extend daylight saving 1346# </a> (1999-07-28). 1347# 1348# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1349# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1350# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1351# </a> (1999-07-19). 1352# 1353# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1354# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1355# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1356# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1357# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1358# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1359# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1360# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1361# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1362# 1363# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1364# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1365# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1366# </a> (1999-07-21). 1367 1368# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1369# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1370# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1371 1372# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1373# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1374# towns to use Queensland time. 1375 1376# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1377# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1378 1379# Yancowinna 1380 1381# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1382# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1383 1384# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1385# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1386# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1387# ... 1388# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1389# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1390# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1391# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1392# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1393# # presently available. 1394# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1395# ... 1396# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1397# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1398# [followed by other Rules] 1399 1400# Lord Howe Island 1401 1402# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1403# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1404# [ Dec 1990 ] 1405# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1406# hour ahead of NSW time. 1407 1408# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1409# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1410# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1411# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1412# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1413# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1414# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1415# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1416# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1417# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1418 1419# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1420# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1421# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1422# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1423# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1424# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1425 1426# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1427# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1428# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1429 1430# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1431# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1432 1433# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1434# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1435# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1436# summer (southern hemisphere). 1437# 1438# From 1439# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1440# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1441# </a> 1442# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1443# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1444# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1445# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1446# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1447# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1448# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1449# 1450# We have a wrap-up here: 1451# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1452# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1453# </a> 1454############################################################################### 1455 1456# New Zealand 1457 1458# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1459# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1460# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1461# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1462# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1463 1464# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1465# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1466# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1467# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1468# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1469# ... 1470# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1471# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1472# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1473# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1474# ... 1475# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1476# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1477 1478# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1479# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1480# rather than the October 1 value. 1481 1482# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1483# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1484# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1485# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1486# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1487# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1488# 1489# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1490# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1491# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1492# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1493# 1494# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1495# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1496# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1497 1498# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1499# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1500# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1501# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1502# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1503 1504############################################################################### 1505 1506 1507# Fiji 1508 1509# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1510# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1511# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1512 1513# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1514# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1515# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1516# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1517 1518# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1519# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1520 1521# From the BBC World Service in 1522# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1523# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1524# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1525# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1526# of the new millennium. 1527 1528# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1529# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1530 1531# Johnston 1532 1533# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1534 1535 1536# Kiribati 1537 1538# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1539# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1540# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1541# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1542 1543 1544# Kwajalein 1545 1546# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1547# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1548# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1549# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1550# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1551 1552 1553# N Mariana Is, Guam 1554 1555# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1556# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1557# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1558# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1559# see Asia/Manila. 1560 1561# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1562# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1563# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1564# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1565 1566 1567# Micronesia 1568 1569# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1570# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1571# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1572# 1573# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1574# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1575 1576# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1577# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1578# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1579# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1580# </a> (1999-01-26) 1581# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1582# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1583 1584 1585# Midway 1586 1587# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1588# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1589# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1590# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1591# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1592# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1593# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1594# air at 6am your time. 1595# 1596# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1597# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1598# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1599# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1600 1601 1602# Pitcairn 1603 1604# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1605# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1606# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1607# 1608# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1609# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1610# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1611# 1612# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1613# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1614# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1615 1616# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1617# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1618# ... at midnight. 1619 1620# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1621# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1622# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1623# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1624 1625 1626# Samoa 1627 1628# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1629# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1630# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1631# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1632# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1633 1634 1635# Tonga 1636 1637# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1638# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1639# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1640# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1641 1642# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1643# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1644# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1645# </a>: 1646 1647# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1648# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1649# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1650# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1651# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1652# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1653# 1654# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1655# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1656# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1657# 1658# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1659# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1660# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1661# minutes we have lost?" 1662# 1663# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1664# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1665# to say your prayers in the morning." 1666 1667# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1668# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1669 1670# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1671# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1672# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1673# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1674# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1675# Government. 1676 1677# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1678# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1679# 1680# I was given this link by John Letts: 1681# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1682# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1683# </a> 1684# 1685# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1686# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1687# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1688# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1689 1690# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1691# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1692# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1693# </a>: 1694# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1695# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1696# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1697# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1698# set back an hour on the closing date." 1699# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1700 1701# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1702# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1703# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1704 1705# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1706# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1707# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1708# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1709# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1710# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1711# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1712 1713# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1714# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1715 1716# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1717# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1718# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1719# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1720# hour to 1:00am. 1721 1722# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1723# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1724 1725 1726# Wake 1727 1728# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1729# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1730# 1731# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1732# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1733# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1734# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1735# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1736# impossible. 1737# 1738# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1739 1740# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1741# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1742 1743############################################################################### 1744 1745# The International Date Line 1746 1747# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1748# 1749# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1750# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1751# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1752# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1753# 1754# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1755# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1756# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1757# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1758# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1759# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1760# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1761# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1762# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1763# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1764# correct date is ambiguous. 1765 1766# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1767# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1768# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1769# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1770# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1771# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1772# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1773# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1774# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1775# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1776# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1777# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1778# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1779 1780# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1781# (2005-03-20): 1782# 1783# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1784# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1785# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1786# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1787