australasia revision 249692
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227# 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232# on 4 April. 233Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 234 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 235 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 236 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 237 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 238 10:00 Aus EST 1967 239 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 240 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 241 242# Christmas 243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 244Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 245 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 246 247# Cook Is 248# From Shanks & Pottenger: 249# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 250Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 251Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 252Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 254Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 255 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 256 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 257 258# Cocos 259# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 260# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 263 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 264 265# Fiji 266 267# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 268 269# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 270# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 271# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 272# 273# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 274# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 275# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 276# </a> 277# or 278# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 279# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280# </a> 281 282# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 283# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 284# amendments: 285# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 286# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 287# </a> 288 289# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 290# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 291# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 292# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 293# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 294# 295# Official source: 296# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 297# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 298# </a> 299# 300# A bit more background info here: 301# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 302# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 303# </a> 304 305# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 306# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 307# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 308# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 309# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 310# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 311# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312# </a> 313# or 314# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 315# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 316# </a> 317 318# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 319# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 320# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 321# 322# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 323# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 324# </a> 325# which says 326# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 327# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 328# 2am on February 26 next year. 329 330# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 331# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 332# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 333# 334# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 335# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 336# </a> 337# states: 338# 339# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 340# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 341# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 342# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 343 344# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 345# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 346# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 347# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 348# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 349# 350# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 351# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 352 353# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 354Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 355Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 356Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 357Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 358Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 359Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 360Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 363 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 364 365# French Polynesia 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 368 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 369Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 370 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 371Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 372 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 373# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 374# it is uninhabited. 375 376# Guam 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 379 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 380 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 381 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 382 383# Kiribati 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 386 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 387Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 388 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 389 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 390 13:00 - PHOT 391Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 392 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 393 -10:00 - LINT 1995 394 14:00 - LINT 395 396# N Mariana Is 397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 398Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 399 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 400 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 401 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 402 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 403 404# Marshall Is 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 407 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 408 12:00 - MHT 409Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 410 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 411 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 412 12:00 - MHT 413 414# Micronesia 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 417 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 418Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 419 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 420Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 421 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 422 12:00 - KOST 1999 423 11:00 - KOST 424 425# Nauru 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 428 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 429 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 430 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 431 12:00 - NRT 432 433# New Caledonia 434# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 435Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 436Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 437Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 438# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 439Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 442 11:00 NC NC%sT 443 444 445############################################################################### 446 447# New Zealand 448 449# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 450Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 451Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 452Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 453Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 454Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 455Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 456Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 457# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 458# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 459Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 460Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 461Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 462Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 463Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 464Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 465Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 466Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 467Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 468Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 469Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 470Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 471Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 472Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 473Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 474Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 475Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 476Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 478Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 479 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 480 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 481Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 482 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 483 484 485# Auckland Is 486# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 487# and scientific personnel have wintered 488 489# Campbell I 490# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 491# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 492# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 493# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 494 495############################################################################### 496 497 498# Niue 499# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 500Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 501 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 502 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 503 -11:00 - NUT 504 505# Norfolk 506# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 508 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 509 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 510 511# Palau (Belau) 512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 513Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 514 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 515 516# Papua New Guinea 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 519 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 520 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 521 522# Pitcairn 523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 524Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 525 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 526 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 527 528# American Samoa 529Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 530 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 531 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 532 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 533 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 534 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 535 536# Samoa 537 538# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 539# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 540# the following info: 541# 542# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 543# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 544# Sunday of April 2011." 545# 546# Background info: 547# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 548# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 549# </a> 550# 551# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 552# contain any dates: 553# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 554# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 555# </a> 556 557# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 558# Please see 559# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 560# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 561# </a>, 562# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 563# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 564# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 565# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 566 567# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 568# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 569# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 570# www.mcil.gov.ws 571# </a> 572# 573# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 574# 575# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 576# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 577# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 578# 579# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 580# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 581# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 582# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 583# 584# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 585# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 586 587# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 588# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 589# 590# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 591# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 592# </a> 593 594# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 595# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 596# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 597# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 598# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 599# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 600# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 601# 602# International Date Line Bill 2011 603# 604# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 605# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 606# Line, and for related purposes. 607# 608# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 609# assembled as follows: 610# 611# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 612# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 613# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 614# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 615# 616# [snip] 617# 618# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 619# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 620# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 621# 622# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 623# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 624# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 625# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 626# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 627# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 628# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 629# it defines Samoa standard time.... 630 631# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 632# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 633# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 634# </a> 635# 636# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 637# 638# DST 639# Year End Time Start Time 640# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 641# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 642# 643# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 644# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 645# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 646# 647# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 648# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 649# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 650# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 651# 652# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 653# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 654# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 655# 656# Please find link below for more information. 657# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 658# 659# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 660# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 661# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 662 663# Western Samoa 664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 665Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 666Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 667# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 668Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 669 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 670 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 671 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 672 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 673 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 674 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 675 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 676 13:00 WS WS%sT 677 678# Solomon Is 679# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 680# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 681Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 682 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 683 684# Tokelau Is 685# 686# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 687# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 688# December 31 this year ... 689# 690# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 691# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 692# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 693# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 694# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 695# 696# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 697# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 698# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 699# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 700# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 701# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 702 703# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 704Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 705 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 706 13:00 - TKT 707 708# Tonga 709# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 710Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 711Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 712Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 713Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 715Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 716 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 717 13:00 - TOT 1999 718 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 719 720# Tuvalu 721# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 722Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 723 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 724 725 726# US minor outlying islands 727 728# Howland, Baker 729# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 730# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 731# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 732# uninhabited thereafter. 733# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 734# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 735# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 736# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 737# until they were abandoned after the war. 738 739# Jarvis 740# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 741# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 742# uninhabited thereafter. 743# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 744 745# Johnston 746# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 747Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 748 749# Kingman 750# uninhabited 751 752# Midway 753# 754# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 755# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 756# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 757# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 758# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 759# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 760# designations that I've never seen before:.... 761# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 762# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 763# 764Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 765 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 766 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 767 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 768 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 769 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 770 771# Palmyra 772# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 773 774# Wake 775# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 776Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 777 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 778 779 780# Vanuatu 781# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 782Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 783Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 784Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 785Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 786Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 787Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 790 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 791 792# Wallis and Futuna 793# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 794Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 795 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 796 797############################################################################### 798 799# NOTES 800 801# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 802# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 803# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 804 805# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 806# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 807# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 808# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 809# 810# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 811# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 812# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 813# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 814# of the IATA's data after 1990. 815# 816# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 817# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 818# 819# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 820# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 821# I found in the UCLA library. 822# 823# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 824# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 825# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 826# 827# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 828# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 829# 830# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 831# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 832# Corrections are welcome! 833# std dst 834# LMT Local Mean Time 835# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 836# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 837# 9:00 JST Japan 838# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 839# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 840# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 841# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 842# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 843# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 844# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 845# -11:00 SST Samoa 846# -10:00 HST Hawaii 847# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 848# 849# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 850# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 851 852############################################################################### 853 854# Australia 855 856# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 857# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 858# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 859# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 860 861# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 862# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 863# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 864# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 865 866# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 867# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 868# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 869# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 870# abbreviation does _not_ change... 871# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 872# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 873# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 874# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 875# time'. 876# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 877# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 878# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 879# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 880# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 881# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 882# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 883 884# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 885# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 886# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 887# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 888# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 889 890# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 891# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 892# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 893# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 894# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 895 896# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 897# versus "AEST" etc.: 898# 899# I see the following points of dispute: 900# 901# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 902# 903# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 904# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 905# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 906# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 907# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 908# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 909# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 910# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 911# 912# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 913# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 914# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 915# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 916# 917# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 918# 919# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 920# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 921# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 922# Time, for example. 923# 924# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 925# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 926# tiebreaker. 927# 928# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 929# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 930# the word "Australian"? 931# 932# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 933# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 934# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 935# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 936# following count of page hits: 937# 938# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 939# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 940# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 941# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 942# 943# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 944# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 945# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 946# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 947# 948# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 949# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 950# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 951# are the hit counts anyway: 952# 953# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 954# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 955# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 956# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 957# 958# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 959# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 960# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 961# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 962# 963# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 964# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 965# 966# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 967# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 968# the ambiguities involved. 969# 970# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 971# 972# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 973# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 974# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 975# understood in Australia. 976 977# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 978# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 979# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 980# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 981# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 982# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 983# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 984 985# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 986# 987# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 988# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 989# relevant entries in this database. 990# 991# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 992# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 993# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 994# </a> 995# ACT 996# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 997# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 998# </a> 999# SA 1000# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1001# Standard Time Act, 1898 1002# </a> 1003 1004# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1005# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1006# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1007# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1008# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1009# 1010# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1011# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1012# to extend DST together in 2006. 1013# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1014# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1015# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1016# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1017# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1018# allude to it. 1019# But not Queensland 1020# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1021 1022# Northern Territory 1023 1024# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1025# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1026# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1027# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1028# ... 1029# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1030 1031# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1032# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1033# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1034 1035# Western Australia 1036 1037# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1038# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1039# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1040# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1041# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1042# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1043# # before reaching parliament. 1044# ... 1045# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1046# ... 1047# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1048# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1049# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1050# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1051 1052# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1053# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1054# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1055 1056# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1057# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1058# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1059# work at 9.00am.) 1060# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1061# everybody again. 1062 1063# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1064# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1065# it matches what was used in the past. 1066 1067# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1068# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1069# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1070# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1071 1072# Queensland 1073# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1074# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1075# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1076# ... 1077# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1078# ... 1079# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1080# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1081# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1082# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1083 1084# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1085# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1086# October 1989). 1087 1088# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1089# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1090# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1091# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1092 1093# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1094# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1095# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1096# me.) 1097 1098# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1099# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1100# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1101# ... 1102# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1103# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1104# ... 1105 1106# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1107# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1108 1109# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1110# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1111# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1112# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1113 1114# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1115# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1116# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1117# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1118# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1119# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1120# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1121# Australia and Western Australia.... 1122# 1123# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1124# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1125# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1126# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1127# 1128# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1129# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1130# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1131# coast of the continent. 1132# 1133# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1134# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1135# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1136# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1137# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1138# 1139# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1140# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1141# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1142# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1143# 1144# (2006-12-09): 1145# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1146# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1147# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1148# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1149 1150# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1151# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1152# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1153 1154 1155# southeast Australia 1156# 1157# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1158# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1159# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1160# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1161 1162 1163# South Australia 1164 1165# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1166# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1167# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1168# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1169 1170# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1171# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1172# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1173# ... 1174# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1175# ... 1176# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1177# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1178# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1179# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1180 1181# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1182# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1183# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1184# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1185 1186# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1187# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1188# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1189# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1190# is on... 1191 1192# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1193# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1194# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1195# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1196 1197# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1198# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1199# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1200# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1201 1202# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1203# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1204# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1205# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1206 1207# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1208# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1209 1210# Tasmania 1211 1212# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1213# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1214# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1215# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1216 1217# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1218# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1219# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1220# (but nothing new about that). 1221 1222# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1223# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1224# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1225# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1226# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1227# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1228 1229# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1230# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1231 1232# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1233# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1234 1235# Victoria 1236 1237# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1238# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1239# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1240# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1241 1242# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1243# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1244# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1245# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1246# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1247# in Melbourne, Australia. 1248# 1249# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1250# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1251# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1252# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1253# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1254# expected time. 1255# 1256# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1257# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1258# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1259# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1260# 1261# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1262# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1263 1264# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1265# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1266 1267# New South Wales 1268 1269# From Arthur David Olson: 1270# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1271# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1272# who notes: 1273# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1274# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1275# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1276# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1277# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1278# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1279 1280# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1281# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1282# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1283# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1284# Two months more daylight saving 1285# </a> 1286# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1287 1288# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1289# See the following official NSW source: 1290# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1291# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1292# </a> 1293# 1294# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1295# daylight saving next year. See: 1296# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1297# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1298# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1299# 1300# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1301# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1302# Vic to extend daylight saving 1303# </a> (1999-07-28). 1304# 1305# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1306# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1307# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1308# </a> (1999-07-19). 1309# 1310# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1311# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1312# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1313# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1314# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1315# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1316# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1317# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1318# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1319# 1320# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1321# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1322# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1323# </a> (1999-07-21). 1324 1325# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1326# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1327# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1328 1329# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1330# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1331# towns to use Queensland time. 1332 1333# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1334# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1335 1336# Yancowinna 1337 1338# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1339# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1340 1341# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1342# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1343# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1344# ... 1345# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1346# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1347# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1348# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1349# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1350# # presently available. 1351# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1352# ... 1353# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1354# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1355# [followed by other Rules] 1356 1357# Lord Howe Island 1358 1359# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1360# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1361# [ Dec 1990 ] 1362# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1363# hour ahead of NSW time. 1364 1365# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1366# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1367# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1368# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1369# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1370# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1371# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1372# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1373# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1374# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1375 1376# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1377# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1378# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1379# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1380# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1381# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1382 1383# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1384# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1385# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1386 1387# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1388# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1389 1390# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1391# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1392# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1393# summer (southern hemisphere). 1394# 1395# From 1396# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1397# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1398# </a> 1399# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1400# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1401# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1402# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1403# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1404# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1405# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1406# 1407# We have a wrap-up here: 1408# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1409# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1410# </a> 1411############################################################################### 1412 1413# New Zealand 1414 1415# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1416# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1417# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1418# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1419# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1420 1421# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1422# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1423# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1424# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1425# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1426# ... 1427# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1428# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1429# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1430# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1431# ... 1432# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1433# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1434 1435# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1436# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1437# rather than the October 1 value. 1438 1439# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1440# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1441# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1442# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1443# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1444# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1445# 1446# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1447# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1448# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1449# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1450# 1451# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1452# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1453# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1454 1455# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1456# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1457# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1458# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1459# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1460 1461############################################################################### 1462 1463 1464# Fiji 1465 1466# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1467# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1468# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1469 1470# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1471# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1472# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1473# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1474 1475# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1476# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1477 1478# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1479# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1480# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1481# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1482# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1483# millenium. 1484 1485# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1486# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1487 1488# Johnston 1489 1490# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1491 1492 1493# Kiribati 1494 1495# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1496# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1497# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1498# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1499 1500 1501# Kwajalein 1502 1503# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1504# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1505# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1506# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1507# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1508 1509 1510# N Mariana Is, Guam 1511 1512# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1513# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1514# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1515# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1516# see Asia/Manila. 1517 1518# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1519# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1520# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1521# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1522 1523 1524# Micronesia 1525 1526# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1527# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1528# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1529# 1530# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1531# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1532 1533# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1534# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1535# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1536# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1537# </a> (1999-01-26) 1538# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1539# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1540 1541 1542# Midway 1543 1544# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1545# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1546# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1547# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1548# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1549# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1550# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1551# air at 6am your time. 1552# 1553# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1554# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1555# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1556# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1557 1558 1559# Pitcairn 1560 1561# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1562# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1563# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1564# 1565# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1566# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1567# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1568# 1569# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1570# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1571# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1572 1573# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1574# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1575# ... at midnight. 1576 1577# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1578# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1579# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1580# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1581 1582 1583# Samoa 1584 1585# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1586# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1587# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1588# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1589# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1590 1591 1592# Tonga 1593 1594# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1595# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1596# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1597# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1598 1599# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1600# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1601# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1602# </a>: 1603 1604# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1605# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1606# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1607# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1608# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1609# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1610# 1611# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1612# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1613# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1614# 1615# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1616# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1617# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1618# minutes we have lost?" 1619# 1620# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1621# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1622# to say your prayers in the morning." 1623 1624# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1625# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1626 1627# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1628# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1629# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1630# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1631# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1632# Government. 1633 1634# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1635# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1636# 1637# I was given this link by John Letts: 1638# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1639# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1640# </a> 1641# 1642# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1643# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1644# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1645# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1646 1647# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1648# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1649# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1650# </a>: 1651# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1652# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1653# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1654# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1655# set back an hour on the closing date." 1656# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1657 1658# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1659# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1660# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1661 1662# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1663# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1664# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1665# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1666# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1667# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1668# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1669 1670# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1671# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1672 1673# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1674# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1675# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1676# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1677# hour to 1:00am. 1678 1679# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1680# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1681 1682 1683# Wake 1684 1685# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1686# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1687# 1688# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1689# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1690# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1691# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1692# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1693# impossible. 1694# 1695# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1696 1697# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1698# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1699 1700############################################################################### 1701 1702# The International Date Line 1703 1704# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1705# 1706# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1707# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1708# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1709# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1710# 1711# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1712# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1713# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1714# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1715# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1716# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1717# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1718# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1719# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1720# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1721# correct date is ambiguous. 1722 1723# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1724# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1725# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1726# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1727# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1728# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1729# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1730# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1731# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1732# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1733# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1734# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1735# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1736 1737# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1738# (2005-03-20): 1739# 1740# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1741# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1742# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1743# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1744