australasia revision 240457
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4153761Swollman 52742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 686464Swollman 72742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 82742Swollman 92742Swollman############################################################################### 102742Swollman 112742Swollman# Australia 122742Swollman 1386222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1486222Swollman 152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1658787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2358787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2458787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2558787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 262742Swollman 272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289908Swollman# Northern Territory 292742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3030711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 312742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 329908Swollman# Western Australia 33169811Swollman# 34169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 442742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4558787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 47169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 50169811Swollman 519908Swollman# Queensland 5220094Swollman# 53149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5420094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5520094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5620094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5720094Swollman# 5820094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6020094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6120094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6220094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6320094Swollman# 6420094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6558787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6658787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6721217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 6958787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 712742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7321217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7420094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7658787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7720094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 782742Swollman 799908Swollman# South Australia 802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8114343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8414343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86218122SedwinRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87218122SedwinRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88218122SedwinRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89218122SedwinRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90218122SedwinRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92218122SedwinRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 982742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9958787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1002742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1012742Swollman 1029908Swollman# Tasmania 103149514Swollman# 104149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107149514Swollman# 1082742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10958787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11058787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11114343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11358787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11758787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11814343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11958787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12058787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12358787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12458787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1292742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13058787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13158787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1332742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 134149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1392742Swollman 1409908Swollman# Victoria 1412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14214343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14358787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14414343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14658787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14758787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14814343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15058787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1572742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15858787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1592742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1602742Swollman 1619908Swollman# New South Wales 1622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16314343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17043543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17114343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17358787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1802742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18158787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1822742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1832742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1842742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1852742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18658787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18758787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18858787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1898029Swollman 19014343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19114343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19275267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20075267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2062742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2072742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2098029Swollman 21014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2112742Swollman# 2122742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214169811Swollman# no times are set 2152742Swollman# 21614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218169811Swollman# no times are set 21914343Swollman# 22030711Swollman# Macquarie 22130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2242742Swollman 22543014Swollman# Christmas 22643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 22843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2292742Swollman 2302742Swollman# Cook Is 231158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2322742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2372742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 23819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 23919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2402742Swollman 2412742Swollman# Cocos 242149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2472742Swollman 2482742Swollman# Fiji 249199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 250199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 251199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 252199336Sedwin# 253199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 254199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 255199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 256199336Sedwin# </a> 257199336Sedwin# or 258199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 259199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 260199336Sedwin# </a> 261199336Sedwin 262199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 263199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 264199336Sedwin# amendments: 265199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 266199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 267199336Sedwin# </a> 268204887Sedwin 269204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 270204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 271204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 272204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 273204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 274204887Sedwin# 275204887Sedwin# Official source: 276204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 277204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 278204887Sedwin# </a> 279204887Sedwin# 280204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 281204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 282204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 283204887Sedwin# </a> 284204887Sedwin 285214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 286240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 287214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 288240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 289214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 290214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 291214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 292214722Sedwin# </a> 293214722Sedwin# or 294214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 295214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296214722Sedwin# </a> 297214722Sedwin 298226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301226289Sedwin# 302226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 303226289Sedwin# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304226289Sedwin# </a> 305226289Sedwin# which says 306240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 307240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 308226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 309226289Sedwin 310226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 311226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 312226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 313226976Sedwin# 314226976Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 315226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316226976Sedwin# </a> 317226976Sedwin# states: 318226976Sedwin# 319226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 320226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 321226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 322226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 323226976Sedwin 324240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 325240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 326240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 327240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 328240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 329240457Sedwin# 330240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 331240457Sedwin# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 332240457Sedwin 33343543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33475267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 33575267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 336199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 337204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 338240457SedwinRule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 339214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 340240457SedwinRule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 3412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 34343543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3442742Swollman 3452742Swollman# French Polynesia 3462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3472742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 34819878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3492742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 35019878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3512742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 35219878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 35343014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 35443014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3552742Swollman 3562742Swollman# Guam 3572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35875267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 35975267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 36075267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 36175267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3622742Swollman 3632742Swollman# Kiribati 3642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3652742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 36619878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 36819878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 36919878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 37019878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3712742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 37219878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 37319878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 37419878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3752742Swollman 37614343Swollman# N Mariana Is 37714343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 37875267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 37975267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 38019878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 38175267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 38275267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 38314343Swollman 38414343Swollman# Marshall Is 38514343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 38614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 38719878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 38819878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 38914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 39019878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 39119878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 39219878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 39314343Swollman 39414343Swollman# Micronesia 39514343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 397210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 398210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 399210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 40014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 40158787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 40258787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 40358787Sru 11:00 - KOST 40414343Swollman 4052742Swollman# Nauru 4062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 40819878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 4092742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 41019878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 41119878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 4122742Swollman 4132742Swollman# New Caledonia 4142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 41519878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 41619878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 41743014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 418158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 41943014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4212742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 4222742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4232742Swollman 4242742Swollman 4252742Swollman############################################################################### 4262742Swollman 4272742Swollman# New Zealand 4282742Swollman 4292742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 431121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 432121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 433121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 434121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 435121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 436121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 437121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 438121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 439114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 440121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 441114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 442121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4439908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 444121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 445114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 446121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 447114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 448121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 449169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 450169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 451169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 452169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 453169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 454169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 455169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 456169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 459121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4602742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 461121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 462121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4632742Swollman 4648029Swollman 46530711Swollman# Auckland Is 46658787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 46758787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4682742Swollman 46930711Swollman# Campbell I 47058787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 47158787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 47258787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 47330711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 47430711Swollman 4752742Swollman############################################################################### 4762742Swollman 4772742Swollman 4782742Swollman# Niue 4792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4802742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 48119878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 48219878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 48319878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4842742Swollman 4852742Swollman# Norfolk 4862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4872742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 48819878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 48919878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4902742Swollman 49158787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4929908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4939908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 49419878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4959908Swollman 4962742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4982742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 49986222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 50019878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 5012742Swollman 5022742Swollman# Pitcairn 5032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5042742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 50558787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 50658787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 5072742Swollman 50814343Swollman# American Samoa 50914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 51014343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 51119878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 51214343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 51314343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 51414343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 51514343Swollman 516149514Swollman# Samoa 517196582Sedwin 518204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 519204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 520204887Sedwin# the following info: 521197000Sedwin# 522204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 523204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 524204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 525204887Sedwin# 526204887Sedwin# Background info: 527197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 528197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 529197000Sedwin# </a> 530198270Sedwin# 531204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 532204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 533204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 534204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 535204887Sedwin# </a> 536198270Sedwin 537226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 538214722Sedwin# Please see 539214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 540214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 541214722Sedwin# </a>, 542214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 543214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 544214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 545214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 546214722Sedwin 547226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 548219687Sedwin# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 549219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 550219687Sedwin# www.mcil.gov.ws 551219687Sedwin# </a> 552219687Sedwin# 553219687Sedwin# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 554219687Sedwin# 555219687Sedwin# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 556219687Sedwin# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 557219687Sedwin# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 558219687Sedwin# 559219687Sedwin# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 560219687Sedwin# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 561219687Sedwin# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 562219687Sedwin# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 563219687Sedwin# 564219687Sedwin# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 565219687Sedwin# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 566219687Sedwin 567226289Sedwin# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 568226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 569240457Sedwin# 570226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 571226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 572226289Sedwin# </a> 573226289Sedwin 574226289Sedwin# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 575226289Sedwin# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 576226289Sedwin# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 577226289Sedwin# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 578226289Sedwin# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 579226289Sedwin# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 580226289Sedwin# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 581226289Sedwin# 582226289Sedwin# International Date Line Bill 2011 583226289Sedwin# 584226289Sedwin# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 585226289Sedwin# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 586226289Sedwin# Line, and for related purposes. 587226289Sedwin# 588226289Sedwin# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 589226289Sedwin# assembled as follows: 590226289Sedwin# 591226289Sedwin# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 592226289Sedwin# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 593226289Sedwin# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 594226289Sedwin# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 595226289Sedwin# 596226289Sedwin# [snip] 597226289Sedwin# 598226289Sedwin# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 599226289Sedwin# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 600226289Sedwin# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 601226289Sedwin# 602226289Sedwin# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 603226289Sedwin# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 604226289Sedwin# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 605226289Sedwin# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 606226289Sedwin# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 607226289Sedwin# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 608226289Sedwin# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 609226289Sedwin# it defines Samoa standard time.... 610226289Sedwin 611226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 612226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 613226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614226289Sedwin# </a> 615226289Sedwin# 616226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 617226289Sedwin# 618226289Sedwin# DST 619226289Sedwin# Year End Time Start Time 620226289Sedwin# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 621226289Sedwin# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 622226289Sedwin# 623226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 624226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 625226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 626233445Sedwin# 627233445Sedwin# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 628233445Sedwin# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 629233445Sedwin# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 630233445Sedwin# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 63114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 63214343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 63319878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 634205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 635219687Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 636226289Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 637226289Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 638226289Sedwin 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 639226289Sedwin 13:00 - WST 64014343Swollman 6412742Swollman# Solomon Is 6422742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6442742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 64519878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 6462742Swollman 6472742Swollman# Tokelau Is 648233445Sedwin# 649233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 650233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 651240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 652233445Sedwin# 653240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 654240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 655240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 656240457Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 657240457Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 658233445Sedwin# 659240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 660240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 661240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 662240457Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 663240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 664240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 665233445Sedwin 6662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 668240457Sedwin -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 669240457Sedwin 13:00 - TKT 6702742Swollman 6712742Swollman# Tonga 67258787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67375267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 67475267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 675114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 676114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 6772742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6782742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 67958787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 68058787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 68158787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 6822742Swollman 6832742Swollman# Tuvalu 6842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 68619878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 6872742Swollman 68843014Swollman 68943014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 69043014Swollman 69143014Swollman# Howland, Baker 692171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 693171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 694171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 695171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 696171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 697171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 698171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 699171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 700171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 70143014Swollman 70243014Swollman# Jarvis 703171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 704171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 705171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 70643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 70743014Swollman 70843014Swollman# Johnston 70943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 71043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 71143014Swollman 71243014Swollman# Kingman 71343014Swollman# uninhabited 71443014Swollman 71543014Swollman# Midway 716149514Swollman# 717149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 718149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 719149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 720149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 721149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 722149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 723149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 724149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 725149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 726149514Swollman# 72743014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 728121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 729121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 73043014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 73143014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 73243014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 73343014Swollman 73443014Swollman# Palmyra 73543014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 73643014Swollman 73743014Swollman# Wake 73843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 73943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 74043014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 74143014Swollman 74243014Swollman 7432742Swollman# Vanuatu 7442742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 74619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 74719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 74820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 74920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 75020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7522742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 75319878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 7542742Swollman 7552742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7572742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 75819878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 7592742Swollman 7602742Swollman############################################################################### 7612742Swollman 7622742Swollman# NOTES 7632742Swollman 7642742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7652742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7662742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7672742Swollman 768158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 7692742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 770158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 771158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 7722742Swollman# 77386222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 77420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 77520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 77620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 77720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 77820094Swollman# 779158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 780158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 78120094Swollman# 7822742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 7832742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 7842742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 7852742Swollman# 7862742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 78758787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 7882742Swollman# 7892742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 7902742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 7912742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 7922742Swollman# std dst 7932742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 7942742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 795169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 7962742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 7972742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 7982742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 79975267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 8002742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 801121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 802121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 80319878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 8042742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 80514343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 80658787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 8072742Swollman# 80814343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 8099908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 8102742Swollman 8112742Swollman############################################################################### 8122742Swollman 8132742Swollman# Australia 8142742Swollman 815153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 816153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 817153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 818153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 81958787Sru 820153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 821153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 822153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 823153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 824153670Swollman 82519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 8262742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 8272742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 8282742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8292742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8302742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8312742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8322742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 8332742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 8342742Swollman# time'. 8352742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 8362742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 8372742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8382742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8392742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 8402742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 8412742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8422742Swollman 84386222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8442742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 8452742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 8462742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 8472742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 8482742Swollman 849163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 850163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 851163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 852163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 853163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 854163302Sru 85586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 85686222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 85786222Swollman# 85886222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 85986222Swollman# 86086222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 86186222Swollman# 86286222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 86386222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 86486222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 86586222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 86686222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 86786222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 86886222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 86986222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 87086222Swollman# 87186222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 87286222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 87386222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 87486222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 87586222Swollman# 87686222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 87786222Swollman# 87886222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 87986222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 88086222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 88186222Swollman# Time, for example. 88286222Swollman# 88386222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 88486222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 88586222Swollman# tiebreaker. 88686222Swollman# 88786222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 88886222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 88986222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 89086222Swollman# 89186222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 89286222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 89386222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 89486222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 89586222Swollman# following count of page hits: 89686222Swollman# 89786222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 89886222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 89986222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 90086222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 90186222Swollman# 90286222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 90386222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 90486222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 90586222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 90686222Swollman# 90786222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 90886222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 90986222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 91086222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 91186222Swollman# 91286222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 91386222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 91486222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 91586222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 91686222Swollman# 91786222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 91886222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 91986222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 92086222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 92186222Swollman# 92286222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 92386222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 92486222Swollman# 92586222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 92686222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 92786222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 92886222Swollman# 92986222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 93086222Swollman# 93186222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 93286222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 93386222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 93486222Swollman# understood in Australia. 93586222Swollman 93614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 937158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 938149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9399908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 9409908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 9419908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 94214343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 9432742Swollman 944149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 94575267Swollman# 94643014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 94743014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 94843014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 94975267Swollman# 95043014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 95143014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 95243014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 95343014Swollman# </a> 95443014Swollman# ACT 95558787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 95643014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 95743014Swollman# </a> 95843014Swollman# SA 95943014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 96043014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 96143014Swollman# </a> 96243014Swollman 963149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 964149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 965149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 966149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 967149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 968149514Swollman# 969149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 970149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 971149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 972149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 973149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 974149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 975149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 976149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 977149514Swollman# allude to it. 978149514Swollman# But not Queensland 979149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 980149514Swollman 9819908Swollman# Northern Territory 9829908Swollman 98319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9842742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 9852742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9862742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 9872742Swollman# ... 9889908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 9892742Swollman 99019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9912742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9922742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 9932742Swollman 9949908Swollman# Western Australia 9952742Swollman 99619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9972742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 9982742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9992742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10002742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10012742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10022742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10032742Swollman# ... 10042742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10052742Swollman# ... 10062742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10072742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10082742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10092742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10102742Swollman 101119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10122742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10132742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10142742Swollman 101519878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10162742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10172742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10182742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10192742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10202742Swollman# everybody again. 10212742Swollman 102219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10232742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10242742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10252742Swollman 102658787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 102758787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 102858787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 102958787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 103058787Sru 10319908Swollman# Queensland 103219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10332742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10342742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10352742Swollman# ... 10362742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10372742Swollman# ... 10382742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10392742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10402742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10412742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10422742Swollman 104319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 10442742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 10452742Swollman# October 1989). 10462742Swollman 104719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10482742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10492742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10502742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10512742Swollman 105219878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 10532742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 10542742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 10552742Swollman# me.) 10562742Swollman 105719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 10582742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 10592742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 10602742Swollman# ... 10612742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10622742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10632742Swollman# ... 10642742Swollman 106519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10662742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 10672742Swollman 1068169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1069169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1070169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1071169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1072169811Swollman 1073105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1074114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1075169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1076114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1077114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1078114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1079114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1080169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1081105196Swollman# 1082105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1083105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1084105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1085169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1086105196Swollman# 1087169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1088169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1089169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1090169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1091105196Swollman# 1092169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1093169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1094169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1095169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1096169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1097169811Swollman# 1098169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1099169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1100169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1101169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1102169811Swollman# 1103169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1104169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1105169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1106169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1107169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1108105196Swollman 1109169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1110169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1111169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1112169811Swollman 1113169811Swollman 1114171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11152742Swollman# 1116171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1117171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1118171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1119171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11202742Swollman 11212742Swollman 11229908Swollman# South Australia 11232742Swollman 112419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11252742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11262742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11272742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11282742Swollman 112919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11302742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11312742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11322742Swollman# ... 11332742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11342742Swollman# ... 11352742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11362742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1137158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11382742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11392742Swollman 114019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11412742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11422742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 11432742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 11442742Swollman 114519878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 11462742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 11472742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 11482742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 11492742Swollman# is on... 11502742Swollman 115119878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 11522742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 11532742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 11542742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 11552742Swollman 115619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 11572742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 11582742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 11592742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 11602742Swollman 1161149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 11629908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 11639908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 11649908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 11652742Swollman 1166171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1167171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1168171948Sedwin 11699908Swollman# Tasmania 11709908Swollman 117158787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 117258787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11732742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 11742742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11752742Swollman 117619878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 11772742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 11782742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 11792742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 11802742Swollman 118158787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 118258787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 118358787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 118458787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 118558787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 118658787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 118758787Sru 118864499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 118964499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 119064499Swollman 1191171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1192171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1193171948Sedwin 11949908Swollman# Victoria 11952742Swollman 119658787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 119758787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11982742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 11992742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12002742Swollman 120186222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 120286222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 120386222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 120486222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 120586222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 120686222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 120786222Swollman# 120886222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 120986222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 121086222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 121186222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 121286222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 121386222Swollman# expected time. 121486222Swollman# 121586222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 121686222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 121786222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 121886222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 121986222Swollman# 122086222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 122186222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 122286222Swollman 1223171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1225171948Sedwin 12269908Swollman# New South Wales 12272742Swollman 12282742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12292742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1230149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12312742Swollman# who notes: 12322742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 12332742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 12342742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12352742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12362742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12372742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12382742Swollman 1239149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 124058787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 124158787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 124258787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 124358787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 124458787Sru# </a> 124558787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 12462742Swollman 124758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 124858787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 124958787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 125058787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 125158787Sru# </a> 125258787Sru# 125358787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 125458787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 125558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 125658787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 125758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 125858787Sru# 125958787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 126058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 126158787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 126258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 126358787Sru# 126458787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 126558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 126658787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 126758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 126858787Sru# 126958787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 127058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 127158787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 127258787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 127358787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 127458787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 127558787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 127675267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 127758787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 127858787Sru# 127958787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 128058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 128158787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 128258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 12832742Swollman 128443543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 128543543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 128658787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 128743543Swollman 128867578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 128975267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 129075267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 129167578Swollman 1292171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1293171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1294171948Sedwin 12959908Swollman# Yancowinna 12962742Swollman 129767578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 12982742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 12992742Swollman 130019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13012742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13022742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13032742Swollman# ... 130443014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13052742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13062742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13072742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13082742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13092742Swollman# # presently available. 13102742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13112742Swollman# ... 13122742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13132742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13142742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13152742Swollman 13169908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13172742Swollman 131819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1319153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13202742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13212742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13222742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13232742Swollman 132458787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 132558787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 132658787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 132758787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 132858787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 132958787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1330226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 133158787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 133258787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 133358787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 133414343Swollman 133575267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 133675267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 133775267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 133875267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 133975267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 134075267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 134158787Sru 1342158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1343158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1344158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 134567578Swollman 1346171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1347171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1348171948Sedwin 1349192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1350240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1351240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1352192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1353240457Sedwin# 1354192886Sedwin# From 1355192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1356192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1357192886Sedwin# </a> 1358240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1359192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1360240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1361192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1362240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1363240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1364192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1365240457Sedwin# 1366192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1367192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1368192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1369192886Sedwin# </a> 13702742Swollman############################################################################### 13712742Swollman 137258787Sru# New Zealand 13732742Swollman 137419878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 13752742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 13762742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 13772742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 13782742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 13792742Swollman 138019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13812742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 13822742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1383153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 13842742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 13852742Swollman# ... 13862742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13872742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 13882742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 13892742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 13902742Swollman# ... 13912742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 13922742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 13932742Swollman 139419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 13952742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 13962742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 13972742Swollman 139814343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1399158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1400149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 140114343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 140214343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 140314343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 140414343Swollman# 1405158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1406121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1407121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1408158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1409121098Swollman# 1410121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1411121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1412121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 141314343Swollman 1414169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1415169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1416169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1417169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1418169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1419169811Swollman 14202742Swollman############################################################################### 14212742Swollman 142258787Sru 14232742Swollman# Fiji 14242742Swollman 142558787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 142658787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 142758787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14282742Swollman 142943543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 143043543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 143175267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 143243543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 143343543Swollman 143458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 143558787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 143658787Sru 143743543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 143843543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 143943543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 144043543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 144143543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 144243543Swollman# millenium. 144343543Swollman 144475267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 144575267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 144658787Sru 144714343Swollman# Johnston 144814343Swollman 144914343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 145014343Swollman 145158787Sru 145217200Swollman# Kiribati 145317200Swollman 145417200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 145517200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1456226289Sedwin# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 145717200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 145817200Swollman 145958787Sru 14602742Swollman# Kwajalein 14612742Swollman 14622742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 14632742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 146419878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 14652742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 14662742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 14672742Swollman 146858787Sru 146914343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 14702742Swollman 147158787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 14722742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 14732742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 147475267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 147575267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 147614343Swollman 147775267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 147875267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 147975267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 148075267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 148158787Sru 148275267Swollman 148317200Swollman# Micronesia 148417200Swollman 1485149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 148617200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 148717200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 148817200Swollman# 1489158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1490158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 149117200Swollman 149258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 149358787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 149458787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 149558787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 149658787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 149758787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 149858787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 149958787Sru 150058787Sru 1501121098Swollman# Midway 1502121098Swollman 1503121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1504121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1505121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1506121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1507121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1508121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1509121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1510121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1511121098Swollman# 1512121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1513121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1514121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1515121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1516121098Swollman 1517121098Swollman 151858787Sru# Pitcairn 151958787Sru 152058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 152158787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 152258787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 152358787Sru# 152458787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 152558787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 152658787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 152758787Sru# 152858787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 152958787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 153058787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 153158787Sru 153258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 153358787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 153458787Sru# ... at midnight. 153558787Sru 153658787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 153758787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 153858787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 153958787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 154058787Sru 154158787Sru 154214343Swollman# Samoa 154314343Swollman 154458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 154558787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 154614343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 154714343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 154814343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 154917200Swollman 155058787Sru 155117200Swollman# Tonga 155217200Swollman 155317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 155417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 155517200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 155617200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 155758787Sru 155858787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 155958787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 156058787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 156158787Sru# </a>: 156258787Sru 156358787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 156458787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 156558787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 156658787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 156758787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 156858787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 156958787Sru# 157058787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 157158787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 157258787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 157358787Sru# 157458787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 157558787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 157658787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 157758787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 157858787Sru# 157958787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 158058787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 158158787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 158258787Sru 1583158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1584158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 158558787Sru 158658787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 158758787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 158858787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 158958787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 159058787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 159158787Sru# Government. 159258787Sru 1593149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 159458787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 159575267Swollman# 1596149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1597181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 159858787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 159958787Sru# </a> 160075267Swollman# 160158787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 160258787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 160358787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 160458787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 160558787Sru 1606149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1607181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 160858787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 160958787Sru# </a>: 161075267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 161175267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 161275267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 161375267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 161458787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 161558787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 161658787Sru 161758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 161858787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 161958787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 162058787Sru 162175267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 162275267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 162375267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 162475267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 162575267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 162675267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 162775267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 162858787Sru 162975267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 163075267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 163175267Swollman 163293799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 163393799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 163493799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 163593799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 163693799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 163786222Swollman 1638114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1639114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 164086222Swollman 1641121098Swollman 1642121098Swollman# Wake 1643121098Swollman 1644121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1645121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1646121098Swollman# 1647121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1648121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1649121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1650121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1651121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1652121098Swollman# impossible. 1653121098Swollman# 1654121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1655121098Swollman 1656121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1657121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1658121098Swollman 165958787Sru############################################################################### 166058787Sru 166158787Sru# The International Date Line 166258787Sru 166358787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 166475267Swollman# 166558787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 166658787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 166758787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 166858787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 166958787Sru# 167058787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 167158787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 167258787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 167358787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 167458787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 167558787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1676153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 167758787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 167858787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 167958787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 168058787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1681149514Swollman 1682153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1683153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1684153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1685153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1686153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1687153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1688153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1689153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1690153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1691153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1692153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1693153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1694153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1695153670Swollman 1696149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1697149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1698149514Swollman# 1699149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1700149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1701149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1702149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1703