australasia revision 226289
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2226289Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.27 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1758787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3130711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 322742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4658787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 6520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6658787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6758787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6921217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7158787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 722742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7421217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7520094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7758787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7820094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 792742Swollman 809908Swollman# South Australia 812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8614343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87218122SedwinRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88218122SedwinRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89218122SedwinRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90218122SedwinRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91218122SedwinRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93218122SedwinRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 992742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 10058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1012742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1022742Swollman 1039908Swollman# Tasmania 104149514Swollman# 105149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108149514Swollman# 1092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11058787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11158787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11458787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11858787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11914343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 12058787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12458787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12558787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13158787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13258787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1342742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 135149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1402742Swollman 1419908Swollman# Victoria 1422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14314343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14458787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14614343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14758787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14858787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14914343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15158787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1582742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1602742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1612742Swollman 1629908Swollman# New South Wales 1632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 17014343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17143543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17214343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17458787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1812742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1832742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1842742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1852742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1862742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18758787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18858787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18958787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1908029Swollman 19114343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19214343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19975267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20175267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2072742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2082742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20914343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2108029Swollman 21114343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2122742Swollman# 2132742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21414343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215169811Swollman# no times are set 2162742Swollman# 21714343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21814343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219169811Swollman# no times are set 22014343Swollman# 22130711Swollman# Macquarie 22230711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22358787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2252742Swollman 22643014Swollman# Christmas 22743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 22943014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2302742Swollman 2312742Swollman# Cook Is 232158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23419878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 23919878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 24019878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2412742Swollman 2422742Swollman# Cocos 243149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2482742Swollman 2492742Swollman# Fiji 250199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253199336Sedwin# 254199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257199336Sedwin# </a> 258199336Sedwin# or 259199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261199336Sedwin# </a> 262199336Sedwin 263199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265199336Sedwin# amendments: 266199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268199336Sedwin# </a> 269204887Sedwin 270204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275204887Sedwin# 276204887Sedwin# Official source: 277204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279204887Sedwin# </a> 280204887Sedwin# 281204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 282204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284204887Sedwin# </a> 285204887Sedwin 286214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287214722Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289214722Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293214722Sedwin# </a> 294214722Sedwin# or 295214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297214722Sedwin# </a> 298214722Sedwin 299226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 300226289Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 301226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 302226289Sedwin# 303226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 304226289Sedwin# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 305226289Sedwin# </a> 306226289Sedwin# which says 307226289Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 308226289Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 309226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 310226289Sedwin 31143543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 31275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 31375267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 314199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 315204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 316204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 317214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 318226289SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S 319226289SedwinRule Fiji 2012 only - Feb 26 3:00 0 - 3202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3212742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 32243543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3232742Swollman 3242742Swollman# French Polynesia 3252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3262742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 32719878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3282742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 32919878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3302742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 33119878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 33243014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 33343014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3342742Swollman 3352742Swollman# Guam 3362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 33775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 33875267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 33975267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 34075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3412742Swollman 3422742Swollman# Kiribati 3432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3442742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 34519878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3462742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 34719878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 34819878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 34919878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3502742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 35119878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 35219878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 35319878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3542742Swollman 35514343Swollman# N Mariana Is 35614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 35875267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 35919878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 36075267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 36175267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 36214343Swollman 36314343Swollman# Marshall Is 36414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 36514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 36619878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 36719878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 36814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 36919878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 37019878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 37119878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 37214343Swollman 37314343Swollman# Micronesia 37414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 375210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 376210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 377210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 378210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 37914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 38058787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 38158787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 38258787Sru 11:00 - KOST 38314343Swollman 3842742Swollman# Nauru 3852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3862742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 38719878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3882742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 38919878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 39019878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3912742Swollman 3922742Swollman# New Caledonia 3932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39419878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 39519878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 39643014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 397158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 39843014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4002742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 4012742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4022742Swollman 4032742Swollman 4042742Swollman############################################################################### 4052742Swollman 4062742Swollman# New Zealand 4072742Swollman 4082742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 409121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 410121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 411121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 412121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 413121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 414121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 415121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 416121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 417121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 418114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 419121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 420114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 421121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4229908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 423121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 424114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 425121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 426114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 427121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 428169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 429169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 430169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 431169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 432169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 433169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 434169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 435169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 438121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4392742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 440121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 441121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4422742Swollman 4438029Swollman 44430711Swollman# Auckland Is 44558787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 44658787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4472742Swollman 44830711Swollman# Campbell I 44958787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 45058787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 45158787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 45230711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 45330711Swollman 4542742Swollman############################################################################### 4552742Swollman 4562742Swollman 4572742Swollman# Niue 4582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4592742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 46019878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 46119878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 46219878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4632742Swollman 4642742Swollman# Norfolk 4652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4662742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 46719878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 46819878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4692742Swollman 47058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4719908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4729908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 47319878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4749908Swollman 4752742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4772742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 47886222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 47919878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4802742Swollman 4812742Swollman# Pitcairn 4822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4832742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 48458787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 48558787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4862742Swollman 48714343Swollman# American Samoa 48814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 48914343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 49019878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 49114343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 49214343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 49314343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 49414343Swollman 495149514Swollman# Samoa 496196582Sedwin 497204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 498204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 499204887Sedwin# the following info: 500197000Sedwin# 501204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 502204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 503204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 504204887Sedwin# 505204887Sedwin# Background info: 506197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 507197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 508197000Sedwin# </a> 509198270Sedwin# 510204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 511204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 512204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 513204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 514204887Sedwin# </a> 515198270Sedwin 516226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 517214722Sedwin# Please see 518214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 519214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 520214722Sedwin# </a>, 521214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 522214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 523214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 524214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 525214722Sedwin 526226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 527219687Sedwin# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 528219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 529219687Sedwin# www.mcil.gov.ws 530219687Sedwin# </a> 531219687Sedwin# 532219687Sedwin# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 533219687Sedwin# 534219687Sedwin# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 535219687Sedwin# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 536219687Sedwin# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 537219687Sedwin# 538219687Sedwin# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 539219687Sedwin# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 540219687Sedwin# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 541219687Sedwin# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 542219687Sedwin# 543219687Sedwin# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 544219687Sedwin# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 545219687Sedwin 546226289Sedwin# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 547226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 548226289Sedwin# 549226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 550226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 551226289Sedwin# </a> 552226289Sedwin 553226289Sedwin# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 554226289Sedwin# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 555226289Sedwin# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 556226289Sedwin# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 557226289Sedwin# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 558226289Sedwin# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 559226289Sedwin# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 560226289Sedwin# 561226289Sedwin# International Date Line Bill 2011 562226289Sedwin# 563226289Sedwin# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 564226289Sedwin# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 565226289Sedwin# Line, and for related purposes. 566226289Sedwin# 567226289Sedwin# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 568226289Sedwin# assembled as follows: 569226289Sedwin# 570226289Sedwin# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 571226289Sedwin# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 572226289Sedwin# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 573226289Sedwin# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 574226289Sedwin# 575226289Sedwin# [snip] 576226289Sedwin# 577226289Sedwin# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 578226289Sedwin# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 579226289Sedwin# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 580226289Sedwin# 581226289Sedwin# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 582226289Sedwin# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 583226289Sedwin# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 584226289Sedwin# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 585226289Sedwin# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 586226289Sedwin# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 587226289Sedwin# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 588226289Sedwin# it defines Samoa standard time.... 589226289Sedwin 590226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 591226289Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 592226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 593226289Sedwin# </a> 594226289Sedwin# 595226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 596226289Sedwin# 597226289Sedwin# DST 598226289Sedwin# Year End Time Start Time 599226289Sedwin# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 600226289Sedwin# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 601226289Sedwin# 602226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 603226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 604226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 60514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 60614343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 60719878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 608205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 609219687Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 610226289Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 611226289Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 612226289Sedwin 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 613226289Sedwin 13:00 - WST 61414343Swollman 6152742Swollman# Solomon Is 6162742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6182742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 61919878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 6202742Swollman 6212742Swollman# Tokelau Is 6222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6232742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 62419878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 6252742Swollman 6262742Swollman# Tonga 62758787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62875267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 62975267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 630114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 631114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 6322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6332742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 63458787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 63558787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 63658787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 6372742Swollman 6382742Swollman# Tuvalu 6392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 64119878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 6422742Swollman 64343014Swollman 64443014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 64543014Swollman 64643014Swollman# Howland, Baker 647171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 648171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 649171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 650171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 651171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 652171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 653171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 654171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 655171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 65643014Swollman 65743014Swollman# Jarvis 658171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 659171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 660171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 66143014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 66243014Swollman 66343014Swollman# Johnston 66443014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 66543014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 66643014Swollman 66743014Swollman# Kingman 66843014Swollman# uninhabited 66943014Swollman 67043014Swollman# Midway 671149514Swollman# 672149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 673149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 674149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 675149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 676149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 677149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 678149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 679149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 680149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 681149514Swollman# 68243014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 683121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 684121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 68543014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 68643014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 68743014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 68843014Swollman 68943014Swollman# Palmyra 69043014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 69143014Swollman 69243014Swollman# Wake 69343014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 69443014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 69543014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 69643014Swollman 69743014Swollman 6982742Swollman# Vanuatu 6992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70019878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 70119878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 70219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 70320094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 70420094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 70520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 70819878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 7092742Swollman 7102742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 71319878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 7142742Swollman 7152742Swollman############################################################################### 7162742Swollman 7172742Swollman# NOTES 7182742Swollman 7192742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7202742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7212742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7222742Swollman 723158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 7242742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 725158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 726158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 7272742Swollman# 72886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 72920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 73020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 73120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 73220094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 73320094Swollman# 734158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 735158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 73620094Swollman# 7372742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 7382742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 7392742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 7402742Swollman# 7412742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 74258787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 7432742Swollman# 7442742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 7452742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 7462742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 7472742Swollman# std dst 7482742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 7492742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 750169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 7512742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 7522742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 7532742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 75475267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 7552742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 756121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 757121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 75819878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 7592742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 76014343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 76158787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 7622742Swollman# 76314343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 7649908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 7652742Swollman 7662742Swollman############################################################################### 7672742Swollman 7682742Swollman# Australia 7692742Swollman 770153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 771153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 772153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 773153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 77458787Sru 775153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 776153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 777153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 778153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 779153670Swollman 78019878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7812742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 7822742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 7832742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 7842742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 7852742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 7862742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 7872742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 7882742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 7892742Swollman# time'. 7902742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 7912742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 7922742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 7932742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 7942742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 7952742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 7962742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 7972742Swollman 79886222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7992742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 8002742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 8012742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 8022742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 8032742Swollman 804163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 805163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 806163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 807163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 808163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 809163302Sru 81086222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 81186222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 81286222Swollman# 81386222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 81486222Swollman# 81586222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 81686222Swollman# 81786222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 81886222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 81986222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 82086222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 82186222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 82286222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 82386222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 82486222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 82586222Swollman# 82686222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 82786222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 82886222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 82986222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 83086222Swollman# 83186222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 83286222Swollman# 83386222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 83486222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 83586222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 83686222Swollman# Time, for example. 83786222Swollman# 83886222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 83986222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 84086222Swollman# tiebreaker. 84186222Swollman# 84286222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 84386222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 84486222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 84586222Swollman# 84686222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 84786222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 84886222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 84986222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 85086222Swollman# following count of page hits: 85186222Swollman# 85286222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 85386222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 85486222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 85586222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 85686222Swollman# 85786222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 85886222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 85986222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 86086222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 86186222Swollman# 86286222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 86386222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 86486222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 86586222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 86686222Swollman# 86786222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 86886222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 86986222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 87086222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 87186222Swollman# 87286222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 87386222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 87486222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 87586222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 87686222Swollman# 87786222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 87886222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 87986222Swollman# 88086222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 88186222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 88286222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 88386222Swollman# 88486222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 88586222Swollman# 88686222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 88786222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 88886222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 88986222Swollman# understood in Australia. 89086222Swollman 89114343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 892158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 893149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 8949908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 8959908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 8969908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 89714343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 8982742Swollman 899149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 90075267Swollman# 90143014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 90243014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 90343014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 90475267Swollman# 90543014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 90643014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 90743014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 90843014Swollman# </a> 90943014Swollman# ACT 91058787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 91143014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 91243014Swollman# </a> 91343014Swollman# SA 91443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 91543014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 91643014Swollman# </a> 91743014Swollman 918149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 919149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 920149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 921149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 922149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 923149514Swollman# 924149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 925149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 926149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 927149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 928149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 929149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 930149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 931149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 932149514Swollman# allude to it. 933149514Swollman# But not Queensland 934149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 935149514Swollman 9369908Swollman# Northern Territory 9379908Swollman 93819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9392742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 9402742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9412742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 9422742Swollman# ... 9439908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 9442742Swollman 94519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9462742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9472742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 9482742Swollman 9499908Swollman# Western Australia 9502742Swollman 95119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9522742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 9532742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9542742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 9552742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 9562742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 9572742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 9582742Swollman# ... 9592742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 9602742Swollman# ... 9612742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9622742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 9632742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9642742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 9652742Swollman 96619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9672742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9682742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 9692742Swollman 97019878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 9712742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 9722742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 9732742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 9742742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 9752742Swollman# everybody again. 9762742Swollman 97719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9782742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 9792742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 9802742Swollman 98158787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 98258787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 98358787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 98458787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 98558787Sru 9869908Swollman# Queensland 98719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9882742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 9892742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 9902742Swollman# ... 9912742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 9922742Swollman# ... 9932742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9942742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 9952742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9962742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 9972742Swollman 99819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 9992742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 10002742Swollman# October 1989). 10012742Swollman 100219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10032742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10042742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10052742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10062742Swollman 100719878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 10082742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 10092742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 10102742Swollman# me.) 10112742Swollman 101219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 10132742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 10142742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 10152742Swollman# ... 10162742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10172742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10182742Swollman# ... 10192742Swollman 102019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10212742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 10222742Swollman 1023169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1024169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1025169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1026169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1027169811Swollman 1028105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1029114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1030169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1031114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1032114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1033114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1034114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1035169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1036105196Swollman# 1037105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1038105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1039105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1040169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1041105196Swollman# 1042169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1043169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1044169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1045169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1046105196Swollman# 1047169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1048169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1049169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1050169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1051169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1052169811Swollman# 1053169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1054169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1055169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1056169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1057169811Swollman# 1058169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1059169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1060169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1061169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1062169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1063105196Swollman 1064169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1065169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1066169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1067169811Swollman 1068169811Swollman 1069171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 10702742Swollman# 1071171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1072171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1073171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1074171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 10752742Swollman 10762742Swollman 10779908Swollman# South Australia 10782742Swollman 107919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10802742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10812742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10822742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10832742Swollman 108419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10852742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 10862742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10872742Swollman# ... 10882742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 10892742Swollman# ... 10902742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10912742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1092158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 10932742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 10942742Swollman 109519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 10962742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 10972742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 10982742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 10992742Swollman 110019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 11012742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 11022742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 11032742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 11042742Swollman# is on... 11052742Swollman 110619878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 11072742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 11082742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 11092742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 11102742Swollman 111119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 11122742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 11132742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 11142742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 11152742Swollman 1116149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 11179908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 11189908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 11199908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 11202742Swollman 1121171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1122171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1123171948Sedwin 11249908Swollman# Tasmania 11259908Swollman 112658787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 112758787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11282742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 11292742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11302742Swollman 113119878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 11322742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 11332742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 11342742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 11352742Swollman 113658787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 113758787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 113858787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 113958787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 114058787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 114158787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 114258787Sru 114364499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 114464499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 114564499Swollman 1146171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1147171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1148171948Sedwin 11499908Swollman# Victoria 11502742Swollman 115158787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 115258787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11532742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 11542742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11552742Swollman 115686222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 115786222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 115886222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 115986222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 116086222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 116186222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 116286222Swollman# 116386222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 116486222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 116586222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 116686222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 116786222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 116886222Swollman# expected time. 116986222Swollman# 117086222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 117186222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 117286222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 117386222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 117486222Swollman# 117586222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 117686222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 117786222Swollman 1178171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1179171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1180171948Sedwin 11819908Swollman# New South Wales 11822742Swollman 11832742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 11842742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1185149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 11862742Swollman# who notes: 11872742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 11882742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 11892742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 11902742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 11912742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 11922742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 11932742Swollman 1194149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 119558787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 119658787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 119758787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 119858787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 119958787Sru# </a> 120058787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 12012742Swollman 120258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 120358787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 120458787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 120558787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 120658787Sru# </a> 120758787Sru# 120858787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 120958787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 121058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 121158787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 121258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 121358787Sru# 121458787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 121558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 121658787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 121758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 121858787Sru# 121958787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 122058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 122158787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 122258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 122358787Sru# 122458787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 122558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 122658787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 122758787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 122858787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 122958787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 123058787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 123175267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 123258787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 123358787Sru# 123458787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 123558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 123658787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 123758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 12382742Swollman 123943543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 124043543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 124158787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 124243543Swollman 124367578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 124475267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 124575267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 124667578Swollman 1247171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1248171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1249171948Sedwin 12509908Swollman# Yancowinna 12512742Swollman 125267578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 12532742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 12542742Swollman 125519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12562742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 12572742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 12582742Swollman# ... 125943014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 12602742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 12612742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 12622742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 12632742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 12642742Swollman# # presently available. 12652742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 12662742Swollman# ... 12672742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12682742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 12692742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 12702742Swollman 12719908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 12722742Swollman 127319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1274153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 12752742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 12762742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 12772742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 12782742Swollman 127958787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 128058787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 128158787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 128258787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 128358787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 128458787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1285226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 128658787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 128758787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 128858787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 128914343Swollman 129075267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 129175267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 129275267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 129375267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 129475267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 129575267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 129658787Sru 1297158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1298158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1299158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 130067578Swollman 1301171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1302171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1303171948Sedwin 1304192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1305192886Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1306192886Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1307192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1308192886Sedwin# 1309192886Sedwin# From 1310192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1311192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1312192886Sedwin# </a> 1313192886Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1314192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1315192886Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1316192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1317192886Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1318192886Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1319192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1320192886Sedwin# 1321192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1322192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1323192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1324192886Sedwin# </a> 13252742Swollman############################################################################### 13262742Swollman 132758787Sru# New Zealand 13282742Swollman 132919878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 13302742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 13312742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 13322742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 13332742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 13342742Swollman 133519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13362742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 13372742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1338153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 13392742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 13402742Swollman# ... 13412742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13422742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 13432742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 13442742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 13452742Swollman# ... 13462742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 13472742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 13482742Swollman 134919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 13502742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 13512742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 13522742Swollman 135314343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1354158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1355149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 135614343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 135714343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 135814343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 135914343Swollman# 1360158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1361121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1362121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1363158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1364121098Swollman# 1365121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1366121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1367121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 136814343Swollman 1369169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1370169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1371169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1372169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1373169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1374169811Swollman 13752742Swollman############################################################################### 13762742Swollman 137758787Sru 13782742Swollman# Fiji 13792742Swollman 138058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 138158787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 138258787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 13832742Swollman 138443543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 138543543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 138675267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 138743543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 138843543Swollman 138958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 139058787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 139158787Sru 139243543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 139343543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 139443543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 139543543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 139643543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 139743543Swollman# millenium. 139843543Swollman 139975267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 140075267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 140158787Sru 140214343Swollman# Johnston 140314343Swollman 140414343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 140514343Swollman 140658787Sru 140717200Swollman# Kiribati 140817200Swollman 140917200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 141017200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1411226289Sedwin# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 141217200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 141317200Swollman 141458787Sru 14152742Swollman# Kwajalein 14162742Swollman 14172742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 14182742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 141919878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 14202742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 14212742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 14222742Swollman 142358787Sru 142414343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 14252742Swollman 142658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 14272742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 14282742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 142975267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 143075267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 143114343Swollman 143275267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 143375267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 143475267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 143575267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 143658787Sru 143775267Swollman 143817200Swollman# Micronesia 143917200Swollman 1440149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 144117200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 144217200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 144317200Swollman# 1444158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1445158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 144617200Swollman 144758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 144858787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 144958787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 145058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 145158787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 145258787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 145358787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 145458787Sru 145558787Sru 1456121098Swollman# Midway 1457121098Swollman 1458121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1459121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1460121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1461121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1462121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1463121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1464121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1465121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1466121098Swollman# 1467121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1468121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1469121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1470121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1471121098Swollman 1472121098Swollman 147358787Sru# Pitcairn 147458787Sru 147558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 147658787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 147758787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 147858787Sru# 147958787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 148058787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 148158787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 148258787Sru# 148358787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 148458787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 148558787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 148658787Sru 148758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 148858787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 148958787Sru# ... at midnight. 149058787Sru 149158787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 149258787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 149358787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 149458787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 149558787Sru 149658787Sru 149714343Swollman# Samoa 149814343Swollman 149958787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 150058787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 150114343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 150214343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 150314343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 150417200Swollman 150558787Sru 150617200Swollman# Tonga 150717200Swollman 150817200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 150917200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 151017200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 151117200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 151258787Sru 151358787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 151458787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 151558787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 151658787Sru# </a>: 151758787Sru 151858787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 151958787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 152058787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 152158787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 152258787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 152358787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 152458787Sru# 152558787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 152658787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 152758787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 152858787Sru# 152958787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 153058787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 153158787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 153258787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 153358787Sru# 153458787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 153558787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 153658787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 153758787Sru 1538158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1539158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 154058787Sru 154158787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 154258787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 154358787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 154458787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 154558787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 154658787Sru# Government. 154758787Sru 1548149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 154958787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 155075267Swollman# 1551149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1552181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 155358787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 155458787Sru# </a> 155575267Swollman# 155658787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 155758787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 155858787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 155958787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 156058787Sru 1561149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1562181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 156358787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 156458787Sru# </a>: 156575267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 156675267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 156775267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 156875267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 156958787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 157058787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 157158787Sru 157258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 157358787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 157458787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 157558787Sru 157675267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 157775267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 157875267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 157975267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 158075267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 158175267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 158275267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 158358787Sru 158475267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 158575267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 158675267Swollman 158793799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 158893799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 158993799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 159093799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 159193799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 159286222Swollman 1593114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1594114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 159586222Swollman 1596121098Swollman 1597121098Swollman# Wake 1598121098Swollman 1599121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1600121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1601121098Swollman# 1602121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1603121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1604121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1605121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1606121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1607121098Swollman# impossible. 1608121098Swollman# 1609121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1610121098Swollman 1611121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1612121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1613121098Swollman 161458787Sru############################################################################### 161558787Sru 161658787Sru# The International Date Line 161758787Sru 161858787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 161975267Swollman# 162058787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 162158787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 162258787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 162358787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 162458787Sru# 162558787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 162658787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 162758787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 162858787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 162958787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 163058787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1631153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 163258787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 163358787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 163458787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 163558787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1636149514Swollman 1637153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1638153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1639153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1640153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1641153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1642153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1643153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1644153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1645153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1646153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1647153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1648153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1649153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1650153670Swollman 1651149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1652149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1653149514Swollman# 1654149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1655149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1656149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1657149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1658