australasia revision 153761
1153761Swollman# @(#)australasia 7.78 2153761Swollman# <pre> 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1558787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2930711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 302742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 319908Swollman# Western Australia 322742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 3358787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 3458787Sru 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3514343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3614343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3714343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3814343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 3914343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 402742Swollman 8:00 - WST 419908Swollman# Queensland 4220094Swollman# 43149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 4420094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 4520094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 4620094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 4720094Swollman# 4820094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 4920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5020094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 5120094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 5220094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 5320094Swollman# 5420094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5558787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5658787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5721217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5821217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 5958787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6058787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 612742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 6258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6321217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 6420094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 6558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6658787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 6720094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 682742Swollman 699908Swollman# South Australia 702742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 7114343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7214343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 7314343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7414343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 7514343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7614343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 7764499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7864499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7964499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8064499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8164499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 82149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 84149514SwollmanRule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 862742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 872742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 8858787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 892742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 902742Swollman 919908Swollman# Tasmania 92149514Swollman# 93149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 94149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 95149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 96149514Swollman# 972742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9858787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 9958787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10014343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10114343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 10258787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10314343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10414343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10514343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10658787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 10714343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 10858787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 10958787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11058787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 111149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11258787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11358787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 114149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115149514SwollmanRule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1172742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 11858787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 11958787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 12058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1212742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 122149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 123149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 124149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 125149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 126149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1272742Swollman 1289908Swollman# Victoria 1292742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13014343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13158787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13214343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13314343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 13458787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 13558787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13614343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 137149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13858787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13943543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 141149514SwollmanRule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1432742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 14458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1452742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1462742Swollman 1479908Swollman# New South Wales 1482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14914343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15014343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 15114343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15214343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15314343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15414343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 15514343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 15643543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15714343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 158149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15958787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16043543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 161149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 162149514SwollmanRule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 16558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1662742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1672742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1682742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1692742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 17058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 17158787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 17258787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1738029Swollman 17414343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 17514343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17675267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 17775267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 17875267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 17975267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 18075267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 18175267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18275267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 183149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 18475267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18575267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 186149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 187149514SwollmanRule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 1882742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1892742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 19014343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 1918029Swollman 19214343Swollman# Australian miscellany 1932742Swollman# 1942742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 19514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 19658787Sru# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 1972742Swollman# 19814343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 19914343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 20014343Swollman# no information 20114343Swollman# 20230711Swollman# Macquarie 20330711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 20458787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 20558787Sru# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 2062742Swollman 20743014Swollman# Christmas 20843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 21043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2112742Swollman 2122742Swollman# Cook Is 21358787Sru# From Shanks: 2142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21519878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 21643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 21743014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2192742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 22019878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 22119878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2222742Swollman 2232742Swollman# Cocos 224149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 225149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 228149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2292742Swollman 2302742Swollman# Fiji 23143543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 23375267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2352742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 23643543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2372742Swollman 2382742Swollman# French Polynesia 2392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 24119878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 24319878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2442742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 24519878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 24643014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 24743014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2482742Swollman 2492742Swollman# Guam 2502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25175267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 25275267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 25375267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 25475267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2552742Swollman 2562742Swollman# Kiribati 2572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2582742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 25919878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2602742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 26119878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 26219878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 26319878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2642742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 26519878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 26619878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 26719878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2682742Swollman 26914343Swollman# N Mariana Is 27014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27175267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 27275267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 27319878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 27475267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 27575267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 27614343Swollman 27714343Swollman# Marshall Is 27814343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 28019878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 28119878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 28319878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 28419878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 28519878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28614343Swollman 28714343Swollman# Micronesia 28814343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 29019878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 29114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 29219878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 29314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 29458787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 29558787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 29658787Sru 11:00 - KOST 29714343Swollman 2982742Swollman# Nauru 2992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3002742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 30119878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3022742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 30319878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 30419878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3052742Swollman 3062742Swollman# New Caledonia 3072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30819878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 30919878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 31043014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 31158787Sru# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 31243014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3152742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3162742Swollman 3172742Swollman 3182742Swollman############################################################################### 3192742Swollman 3202742Swollman# New Zealand 3212742Swollman 3222742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 323121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 324121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 325121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 326121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 327121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 328121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 329121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 330121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 331121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 332114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 333121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 334114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 335121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3369908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 337121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 338114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 339121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 340114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 341121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 3429908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 343121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 3449908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 345121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 3462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 348121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3492742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 350121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 351121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3522742Swollman 3538029Swollman 35430711Swollman# Auckland Is 35558787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 35658787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3572742Swollman 35830711Swollman# Campbell I 35958787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 36058787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 36158787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 36230711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 36330711Swollman 3642742Swollman############################################################################### 3652742Swollman 3662742Swollman 3672742Swollman# Niue 3682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 37019878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 37119878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 37219878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3732742Swollman 3742742Swollman# Norfolk 3752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3762742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 37719878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 37819878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3792742Swollman 38058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3819908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3829908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 38319878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3849908Swollman 3852742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3872742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 38886222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 38919878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 3902742Swollman 3912742Swollman# Pitcairn 3922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3932742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 39458787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 39558787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 3962742Swollman 39714343Swollman# American Samoa 39814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 39914343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 40019878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 40114343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 40214343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 40314343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 40414343Swollman 405149514Swollman# Samoa 40614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 40714343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 40819878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 409149514Swollman -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 41014343Swollman 4112742Swollman# Solomon Is 4122742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 4132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 41519878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 4162742Swollman 4172742Swollman# Tokelau Is 4182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4192742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 42019878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 4212742Swollman 4222742Swollman# Tonga 42358787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42475267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 42575267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 426114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 427114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4292742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 43058787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 43158787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 43258787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4332742Swollman 4342742Swollman# Tuvalu 4352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 43719878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4382742Swollman 43943014Swollman 44043014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 44143014Swollman 44243014Swollman# Howland, Baker 44343014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 44443014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 44543014Swollman 44643014Swollman# Jarvis 44743014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 44843014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 44943014Swollman 45043014Swollman# Johnston 45143014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45243014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 45343014Swollman 45443014Swollman# Kingman 45543014Swollman# uninhabited 45643014Swollman 45743014Swollman# Midway 458149514Swollman# 459149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 460149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 461149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 462149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 463149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 464149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 465149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 466149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 467149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 468149514Swollman# 46943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 470121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 471121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 47243014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47343014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 47443014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 47543014Swollman 47643014Swollman# Palmyra 47743014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 47843014Swollman 47943014Swollman# Wake 48043014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 48143014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 48243014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 48343014Swollman 48443014Swollman 4852742Swollman# Vanuatu 4862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 48719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 48819878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 48919878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 49020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 49120094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 49220094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 4932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4942742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 49519878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 4962742Swollman 4972742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 4982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4992742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 50019878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 5012742Swollman 5022742Swollman############################################################################### 5032742Swollman 5042742Swollman# NOTES 5052742Swollman 5062742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5072742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5082742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 5092742Swollman 510149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 5112742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 51258787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 51358787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 5142742Swollman# 51586222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 51620094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 51720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 51820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 51920094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 52020094Swollman# 52120094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 52220094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 52320094Swollman# 5242742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 5252742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 5262742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 5272742Swollman# 5282742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 52958787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5302742Swollman# 5312742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 5322742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5332742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 5342742Swollman# std dst 5352742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5362742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 5372742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5382742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5392742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 54075267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5412742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 542121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 543121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 54419878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5452742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 54614343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 54758787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5482742Swollman# 54914343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5509908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5512742Swollman 5522742Swollman############################################################################### 5532742Swollman 5542742Swollman# Australia 5552742Swollman 556153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 557153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 558153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 559153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 56058787Sru 561153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 562153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 563153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 564153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 565153670Swollman 56619878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5672742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5682742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5692742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5702742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5712742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5722742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5732742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5742742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5752742Swollman# time'. 5762742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5772742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5782742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5792742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5802742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5812742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5822742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5832742Swollman 58486222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5852742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 5862742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 5872742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 5882742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 5892742Swollman 59086222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 59186222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 59286222Swollman# 59386222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 59486222Swollman# 59586222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 59686222Swollman# 59786222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 59886222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 59986222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 60086222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 60186222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 60286222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 60386222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 60486222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 60586222Swollman# 60686222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 60786222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 60886222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 60986222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 61086222Swollman# 61186222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 61286222Swollman# 61386222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 61486222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 61586222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 61686222Swollman# Time, for example. 61786222Swollman# 61886222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 61986222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 62086222Swollman# tiebreaker. 62186222Swollman# 62286222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 62386222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 62486222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 62586222Swollman# 62686222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 62786222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 62886222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 62986222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 63086222Swollman# following count of page hits: 63186222Swollman# 63286222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 63386222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 63486222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 63586222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 63686222Swollman# 63786222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 63886222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 63986222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 64086222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 64186222Swollman# 64286222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 64386222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 64486222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 64586222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 64686222Swollman# 64786222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 64886222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 64986222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 65086222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 65186222Swollman# 65286222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 65386222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 65486222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 65586222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 65686222Swollman# 65786222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 65886222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 65986222Swollman# 66086222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 66186222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 66286222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 66386222Swollman# 66486222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 66586222Swollman# 66686222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 66786222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 66886222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 66986222Swollman# understood in Australia. 67086222Swollman 67114343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 6729908Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 673149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 6749908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6759908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6769908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 67714343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6782742Swollman 679149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 68075267Swollman# 68143014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 68243014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 68343014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 68475267Swollman# 68543014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 68643014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 68743014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 68843014Swollman# </a> 68943014Swollman# ACT 69058787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 69143014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 69243014Swollman# </a> 69343014Swollman# SA 69443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 69543014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 69643014Swollman# </a> 69743014Swollman 698149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 699149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 700149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 701149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 702149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 703149514Swollman# 704149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 705149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 706149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 707149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 708149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 709149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 710149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 711149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 712149514Swollman# allude to it. 713149514Swollman# But not Queensland 714149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 715149514Swollman 7169908Swollman# Northern Territory 7179908Swollman 71819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7192742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 7202742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7212742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 7222742Swollman# ... 7239908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 7242742Swollman 72519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7262742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7272742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 7282742Swollman 7299908Swollman# Western Australia 7302742Swollman 73119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7322742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 7332742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7342742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 7352742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 7362742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 7372742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 7382742Swollman# ... 7392742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 7402742Swollman# ... 7412742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7422742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7432742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7442742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7452742Swollman 74619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7472742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7482742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 7492742Swollman 75019878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 7512742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 7522742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 7532742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 7542742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 7552742Swollman# everybody again. 7562742Swollman 75719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7582742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 7592742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7602742Swollman 76158787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 76258787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 76358787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 76458787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 76558787Sru 7669908Swollman# Queensland 76719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7682742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7692742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7702742Swollman# ... 7712742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7722742Swollman# ... 7732742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7742742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7752742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7762742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7772742Swollman 77819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7792742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 7802742Swollman# October 1989). 7812742Swollman 78219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7832742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7842742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7852742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7862742Swollman 78719878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7882742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 7892742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 7902742Swollman# me.) 7912742Swollman 79219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 7932742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 7942742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 7952742Swollman# ... 7962742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7972742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 7982742Swollman# ... 7992742Swollman 80019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8012742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 8022742Swollman 803105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 804114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 805114173Swollman# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 806114173Swollman# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 807114173Swollman# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 808114173Swollman# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 809114173Swollman# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 810114173Swollman# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 811114173Swollman# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 812114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 813114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 814114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 815114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 816114173Swollman# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 817114173Swollman# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 818114173Swollman# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 819105196Swollman# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 820105196Swollman# 821105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 822105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 823105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 824105196Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 825105196Swollman# which says a few other things: 826105196Swollman# 827105196Swollman# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 828105196Swollman# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 829105196Swollman# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 830105196Swollman# 831105196Swollman# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 832105196Swollman# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 833105196Swollman# this subregion. 834105196Swollman 8359908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 8362742Swollman 83719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8382742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 8392742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 8402742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 8412742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 8422742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 8432742Swollman# 8442742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 8452742Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 8462742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 8472742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 8482742Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 8492742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 8502742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 8512742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 8522742Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 8532742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 8542742Swollman 85519878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8562742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 8572742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 8582742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 8592742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 8602742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 8612742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 8622742Swollman 8639908Swollman# South Australia 8642742Swollman 86519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8662742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8672742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8682742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8692742Swollman 87019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8712742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 8722742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8732742Swollman# ... 8742742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 8752742Swollman# ... 8762742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8772742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8782742Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 8792742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8802742Swollman 88119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 8822742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 8832742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 8842742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 8852742Swollman 88619878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 8872742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 8882742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 8892742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 8902742Swollman# is on... 8912742Swollman 89219878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 8932742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 8942742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 8952742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 8962742Swollman 89719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 8982742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 8992742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 9002742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 9012742Swollman 902149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 9039908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 9049908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 9059908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 9062742Swollman 9079908Swollman# Tasmania 9089908Swollman 90958787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 91058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9112742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9122742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9132742Swollman 91419878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 9152742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 9162742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 9172742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 9182742Swollman 91958787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 92058787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 92158787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 92258787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 92358787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 92458787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 92558787Sru 92664499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 92764499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 92864499Swollman 9299908Swollman# Victoria 9302742Swollman 93158787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 93258787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9332742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9342742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9352742Swollman 93686222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 93786222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 93886222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 93986222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 94086222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 94186222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 94286222Swollman# 94386222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 94486222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 94586222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 94686222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 94786222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 94886222Swollman# expected time. 94986222Swollman# 95086222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 95186222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 95286222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 95386222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 95486222Swollman# 95586222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 95686222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 95786222Swollman 9589908Swollman# New South Wales 9592742Swollman 9602742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 9612742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 962149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 9632742Swollman# who notes: 9642742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 9652742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 9662742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 9672742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 9682742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 9692742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 9702742Swollman 971149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 97258787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 97358787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 97458787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 97558787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 97658787Sru# </a> 97758787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 9782742Swollman 97958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 98058787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 98158787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 98258787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 98358787Sru# </a> 98458787Sru# 98558787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 98658787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 98758787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 98858787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 98958787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 99058787Sru# 99158787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 99258787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 99358787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 99458787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 99558787Sru# 99658787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 99758787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 99858787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 99958787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 100058787Sru# 100158787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 100258787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 100358787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 100458787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 100558787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 100658787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 100758787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 100875267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 100958787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 101058787Sru# 101158787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 101258787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 101358787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 101458787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 10152742Swollman 101643543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 101743543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 101858787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 101943543Swollman 102067578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 102175267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 102275267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 102367578Swollman 10249908Swollman# Yancowinna 10252742Swollman 102667578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 10272742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 10282742Swollman 102919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10302742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 10312742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10322742Swollman# ... 103343014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 10342742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 10352742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 10362742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 10372742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 10382742Swollman# # presently available. 10392742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 10402742Swollman# ... 10412742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10422742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 10432742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 10442742Swollman 10459908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 10462742Swollman 104719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1048153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 10492742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 10502742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10512742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10522742Swollman 105358787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 105458787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 105558787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 105658787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 105758787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 105858787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 105986464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 106058787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 106158787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 106258787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 106314343Swollman 106475267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 106575267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 106675267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 106775267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 106875267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 106975267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 107058787Sru 107175267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 107275267Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 107375267Swollman# For times we use Lonergan. 107467578Swollman 10752742Swollman############################################################################### 10762742Swollman 107758787Sru# New Zealand 10782742Swollman 107919878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 10802742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 10812742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 10822742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 10832742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 10842742Swollman 108519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10862742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 10872742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1088153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 10892742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10902742Swollman# ... 10912742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10922742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 10932742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10942742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 10952742Swollman# ... 10962742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 10972742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 10982742Swollman 109919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11002742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 11012742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 11022742Swollman 110314343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 110414343Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1105149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 110614343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 110714343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 110814343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 110914343Swollman# 1110121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1111121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1112121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1113121098Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1114121098Swollman# 1115121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1116121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1117121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 111814343Swollman 11192742Swollman############################################################################### 11202742Swollman 112158787Sru 11222742Swollman# Fiji 11232742Swollman 112458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 112558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 112658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 11272742Swollman 112843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 112943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 113075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 113143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 113243543Swollman 113358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 113458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 113558787Sru 113643543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 113743543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 113843543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 113943543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 114043543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 114143543Swollman# millenium. 114243543Swollman 114375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 114475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 114558787Sru 114614343Swollman# Johnston 114714343Swollman 114814343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 114914343Swollman 115058787Sru 115117200Swollman# Kiribati 115217200Swollman 115317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 115417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 115517200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 115617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 115717200Swollman 115858787Sru 11592742Swollman# Kwajalein 11602742Swollman 11612742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 11622742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 116319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 11642742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 11652742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 11662742Swollman 116758787Sru 116814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 11692742Swollman 117058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 11712742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 11722742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 117375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 117475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 117514343Swollman 117675267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 117775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 117875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 117975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 118058787Sru 118175267Swollman 118217200Swollman# Micronesia 118317200Swollman 1184149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 118517200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 118617200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 118717200Swollman# 118858787Sru# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 118917200Swollman# ignore this for now. 119017200Swollman 119158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 119258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 119358787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 119458787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 119558787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 119658787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 119758787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 119858787Sru 119958787Sru 1200121098Swollman# Midway 1201121098Swollman 1202121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1203121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1204121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1205121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1206121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1207121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1208121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1209121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1210121098Swollman# 1211121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1212121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1213121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1214121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1215121098Swollman 1216121098Swollman 121758787Sru# Pitcairn 121858787Sru 121958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 122058787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 122158787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 122258787Sru# 122358787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 122458787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 122558787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 122658787Sru# 122758787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 122858787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 122958787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 123058787Sru 123158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 123258787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 123358787Sru# ... at midnight. 123458787Sru 123558787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 123658787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 123758787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 123858787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 123958787Sru 124058787Sru 124114343Swollman# Samoa 124214343Swollman 124358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 124458787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 124514343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 124614343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 124714343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 124817200Swollman 124958787Sru 125017200Swollman# Tonga 125117200Swollman 125217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 125317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 125417200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 125517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 125658787Sru 125758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 125858787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 125958787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 126058787Sru# </a>: 126158787Sru 126258787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 126358787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 126458787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 126558787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 126658787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 126758787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 126858787Sru# 126958787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 127058787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 127158787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 127258787Sru# 127358787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 127458787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 127558787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 127658787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 127758787Sru# 127858787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 127958787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 128058787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 128158787Sru 128258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 128358787Sru# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 128458787Sru 128558787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 128658787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 128758787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 128858787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 128958787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 129058787Sru# Government. 129158787Sru 1292149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 129358787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 129475267Swollman# 1295149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 129658787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 129758787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 129858787Sru# </a> 129975267Swollman# 130058787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 130158787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 130258787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 130358787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 130458787Sru 1305149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 130658787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 130758787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 130858787Sru# </a>: 130975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 131075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 131175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 131275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 131358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 131458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 131558787Sru 131658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 131758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 131858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 131958787Sru 132075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 132175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 132275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 132375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 132475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 132575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 132675267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 132758787Sru 132875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 132975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 133075267Swollman 133193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 133293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 133393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 133493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 133593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 133686222Swollman 1337114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1338114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 133986222Swollman 1340121098Swollman 1341121098Swollman# Wake 1342121098Swollman 1343121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1344121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1345121098Swollman# 1346121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1347121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1348121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1349121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1350121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1351121098Swollman# impossible. 1352121098Swollman# 1353121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1354121098Swollman 1355121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1356121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1357121098Swollman 135858787Sru############################################################################### 135958787Sru 136058787Sru# The International Date Line 136158787Sru 136258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 136375267Swollman# 136458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 136558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 136658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 136758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 136858787Sru# 136958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 137058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 137158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 137258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 137358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 137458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1375153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 137658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 137758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 137858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 137958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1380149514Swollman 1381153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1382153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1383153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1384153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1385153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1386153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1387153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1388153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1389153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1390153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1391153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1392153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1393153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1394153670Swollman 1395149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1396149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1397149514Swollman# 1398149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1399149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1400149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1401149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1402