australasia revision 153670
1153670Swollman# @(#)australasia 7.77 22742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 386464Swollman 42742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 52742Swollman 62742Swollman############################################################################### 72742Swollman 82742Swollman# Australia 92742Swollman 1086222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1186222Swollman 122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1358787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 142742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 152742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2058787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2158787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2258787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 232742Swollman 242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259908Swollman# Northern Territory 262742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2730711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 282742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 299908Swollman# Western Australia 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 3158787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 3258787Sru 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3314343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3414343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3514343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3614343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 3714343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 382742Swollman 8:00 - WST 399908Swollman# Queensland 4020094Swollman# 41149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 4220094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 4320094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 4420094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 4520094Swollman# 4620094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 4720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 4820094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 4920094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 5020094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 5120094Swollman# 5220094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5358787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5458787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5521217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5621217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 5758787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5858787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 592742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 6058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6121217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 6220094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 6358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6458787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 6520094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 662742Swollman 679908Swollman# South Australia 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6914343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7014343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 7114343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7214343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 7314343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7414343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 7564499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7664499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7764499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7864499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7964499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 82149514SwollmanRule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 852742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 8658787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 872742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 882742Swollman 899908Swollman# Tasmania 90149514Swollman# 91149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 92149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 93149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 94149514Swollman# 952742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9658787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 9758787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9814343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 9914343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 10058787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10114343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10214343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10314343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10458787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 10514343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 10658787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 10758787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10858787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 109149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11058787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11158787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113149514SwollmanRule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1152742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 11658787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 11758787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 11858787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1192742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 120149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 121149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 122149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 123149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 124149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1252742Swollman 1269908Swollman# Victoria 1272742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 12814343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12958787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13014343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13114343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 13258787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 13358787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13414343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13658787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13743543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 138149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139149514SwollmanRule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1412742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 14258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1432742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1442742Swollman 1459908Swollman# New South Wales 1462742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14714343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14814343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 14914343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15014343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15114343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15214343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 15314343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 15443543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15514343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15758787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15843543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 160149514SwollmanRule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1622742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 16358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1642742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1652742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1662742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1672742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 16858787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 16958787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 17058787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1718029Swollman 17214343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 17314343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17475267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 17575267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 17675267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 17775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 17875267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 17975267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18075267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 181149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 18275267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18375267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 184149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 185149514SwollmanRule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 1862742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1872742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 18814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 1898029Swollman 19014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 1912742Swollman# 1922742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 19314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 19458787Sru# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 1952742Swollman# 19614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 19714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 19814343Swollman# no information 19914343Swollman# 20030711Swollman# Macquarie 20130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 20258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 20358787Sru# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 2042742Swollman 20543014Swollman# Christmas 20643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 20843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2092742Swollman 2102742Swollman# Cook Is 21158787Sru# From Shanks: 2122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 21443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 21543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 21819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 21919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2202742Swollman 2212742Swollman# Cocos 222149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 223149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 226149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2272742Swollman 2282742Swollman# Fiji 22943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 23175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2332742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 23443543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2352742Swollman 2362742Swollman# French Polynesia 2372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 23919878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 24119878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 24319878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 24443014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 24543014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2462742Swollman 2472742Swollman# Guam 2482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 25075267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 25175267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 25275267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2532742Swollman 2542742Swollman# Kiribati 2552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2562742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 25719878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2582742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 25919878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 26019878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 26119878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2622742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 26319878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 26419878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 26519878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2662742Swollman 26714343Swollman# N Mariana Is 26814343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 27075267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 27119878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 27275267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 27375267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 27414343Swollman 27514343Swollman# Marshall Is 27614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 27819878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 27919878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 28119878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 28219878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 28319878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28414343Swollman 28514343Swollman# Micronesia 28614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 28819878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 28914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 29019878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 29114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 29258787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 29358787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 29458787Sru 11:00 - KOST 29514343Swollman 2962742Swollman# Nauru 2972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2982742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 29919878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3002742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 30119878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 30219878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3032742Swollman 3042742Swollman# New Caledonia 3052742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30619878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 30719878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 30843014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 30958787Sru# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 31043014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3132742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3142742Swollman 3152742Swollman 3162742Swollman############################################################################### 3172742Swollman 3182742Swollman# New Zealand 3192742Swollman 3202742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 321121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 322121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 323121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 324121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 325121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 326121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 327121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 328121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 329121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 330114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 331121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 332114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 333121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3349908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 335121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 336114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 337121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 338114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 339121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 3409908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 341121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 3429908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 343121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 3442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 346121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3472742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 348121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 349121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3502742Swollman 3518029Swollman 35230711Swollman# Auckland Is 35358787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 35458787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3552742Swollman 35630711Swollman# Campbell I 35758787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 35858787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 35958787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 36030711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 36130711Swollman 3622742Swollman############################################################################### 3632742Swollman 3642742Swollman 3652742Swollman# Niue 3662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 36819878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 36919878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 37019878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3712742Swollman 3722742Swollman# Norfolk 3732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3742742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 37519878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 37619878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3772742Swollman 37858787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3799908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3809908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 38119878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3829908Swollman 3832742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 38686222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 38719878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 3882742Swollman 3892742Swollman# Pitcairn 3902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3912742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 39258787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 39358787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 3942742Swollman 39514343Swollman# American Samoa 39614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 39714343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 39819878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 39914343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 40014343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 40114343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 40214343Swollman 403149514Swollman# Samoa 40414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 40514343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 40619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 407149514Swollman -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 40814343Swollman 4092742Swollman# Solomon Is 4102742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 4112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 41319878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 4142742Swollman 4152742Swollman# Tokelau Is 4162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 41819878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 4192742Swollman 4202742Swollman# Tonga 42158787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42275267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 42375267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 424114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 425114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4272742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 42858787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 42958787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 43058787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4312742Swollman 4322742Swollman# Tuvalu 4332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4342742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 43519878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4362742Swollman 43743014Swollman 43843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 43943014Swollman 44043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 44143014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 44243014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 44343014Swollman 44443014Swollman# Jarvis 44543014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 44643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 44743014Swollman 44843014Swollman# Johnston 44943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 45143014Swollman 45243014Swollman# Kingman 45343014Swollman# uninhabited 45443014Swollman 45543014Swollman# Midway 456149514Swollman# 457149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 458149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 459149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 460149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 461149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 462149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 463149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 464149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 465149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 466149514Swollman# 46743014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 468121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 469121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 47043014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47143014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 47243014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 47343014Swollman 47443014Swollman# Palmyra 47543014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 47643014Swollman 47743014Swollman# Wake 47843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 47943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 48043014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 48143014Swollman 48243014Swollman 4832742Swollman# Vanuatu 4842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 48519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 48619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 48719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 48820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 48920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 49020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 4912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4922742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 49319878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 4942742Swollman 4952742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 4962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 49819878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 4992742Swollman 5002742Swollman############################################################################### 5012742Swollman 5022742Swollman# NOTES 5032742Swollman 5042742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5052742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5062742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 5072742Swollman 508149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 5092742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 51058787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 51158787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 5122742Swollman# 51386222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 51420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 51520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 51620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 51720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 51820094Swollman# 51920094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 52020094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 52120094Swollman# 5222742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 5232742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 5242742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 5252742Swollman# 5262742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 52758787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5282742Swollman# 5292742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 5302742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5312742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 5322742Swollman# std dst 5332742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5342742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 5352742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5362742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5372742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 53875267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5392742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 540121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 541121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 54219878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5432742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 54414343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 54558787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5462742Swollman# 54714343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5489908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5492742Swollman 5502742Swollman############################################################################### 5512742Swollman 5522742Swollman# Australia 5532742Swollman 554153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 555153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 556153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 557153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 55858787Sru 559153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 560153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 561153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 562153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 563153670Swollman 56419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5652742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5662742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5672742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5682742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5692742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5702742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5712742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5722742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5732742Swollman# time'. 5742742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5752742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5762742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5772742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5782742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5792742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5802742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5812742Swollman 58286222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5832742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 5842742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 5852742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 5862742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 5872742Swollman 58886222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 58986222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 59086222Swollman# 59186222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 59286222Swollman# 59386222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 59486222Swollman# 59586222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 59686222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 59786222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 59886222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 59986222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 60086222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 60186222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 60286222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 60386222Swollman# 60486222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 60586222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 60686222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 60786222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 60886222Swollman# 60986222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 61086222Swollman# 61186222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 61286222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 61386222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 61486222Swollman# Time, for example. 61586222Swollman# 61686222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 61786222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 61886222Swollman# tiebreaker. 61986222Swollman# 62086222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 62186222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 62286222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 62386222Swollman# 62486222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 62586222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 62686222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 62786222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 62886222Swollman# following count of page hits: 62986222Swollman# 63086222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 63186222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 63286222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 63386222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 63486222Swollman# 63586222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 63686222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 63786222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 63886222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 63986222Swollman# 64086222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 64186222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 64286222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 64386222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 64486222Swollman# 64586222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 64686222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 64786222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 64886222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 64986222Swollman# 65086222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 65186222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 65286222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 65386222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 65486222Swollman# 65586222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 65686222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 65786222Swollman# 65886222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 65986222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 66086222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 66186222Swollman# 66286222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 66386222Swollman# 66486222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 66586222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 66686222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 66786222Swollman# understood in Australia. 66886222Swollman 66914343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 6709908Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 671149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 6729908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6739908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6749908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 67514343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6762742Swollman 677149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 67875267Swollman# 67943014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 68043014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 68143014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 68275267Swollman# 68343014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 68443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 68543014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 68643014Swollman# </a> 68743014Swollman# ACT 68858787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 68943014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 69043014Swollman# </a> 69143014Swollman# SA 69243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 69343014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 69443014Swollman# </a> 69543014Swollman 696149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 697149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 698149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 699149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 700149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 701149514Swollman# 702149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 703149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 704149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 705149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 706149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 707149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 708149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 709149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 710149514Swollman# allude to it. 711149514Swollman# But not Queensland 712149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 713149514Swollman 7149908Swollman# Northern Territory 7159908Swollman 71619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7172742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 7182742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7192742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 7202742Swollman# ... 7219908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 7222742Swollman 72319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7242742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7252742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 7262742Swollman 7279908Swollman# Western Australia 7282742Swollman 72919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7302742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 7312742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7322742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 7332742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 7342742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 7352742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 7362742Swollman# ... 7372742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 7382742Swollman# ... 7392742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7402742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7412742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7422742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7432742Swollman 74419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7452742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7462742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 7472742Swollman 74819878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 7492742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 7502742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 7512742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 7522742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 7532742Swollman# everybody again. 7542742Swollman 75519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7562742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 7572742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7582742Swollman 75958787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 76058787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 76158787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 76258787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 76358787Sru 7649908Swollman# Queensland 76519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7662742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7672742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7682742Swollman# ... 7692742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7702742Swollman# ... 7712742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7722742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7732742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7742742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7752742Swollman 77619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7772742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 7782742Swollman# October 1989). 7792742Swollman 78019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7812742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7822742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7832742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7842742Swollman 78519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7862742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 7872742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 7882742Swollman# me.) 7892742Swollman 79019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 7912742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 7922742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 7932742Swollman# ... 7942742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7952742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 7962742Swollman# ... 7972742Swollman 79819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7992742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 8002742Swollman 801105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 802114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 803114173Swollman# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 804114173Swollman# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 805114173Swollman# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 806114173Swollman# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 807114173Swollman# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 808114173Swollman# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 809114173Swollman# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 810114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 811114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 812114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 813114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 814114173Swollman# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 815114173Swollman# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 816114173Swollman# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 817105196Swollman# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 818105196Swollman# 819105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 820105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 821105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 822105196Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 823105196Swollman# which says a few other things: 824105196Swollman# 825105196Swollman# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 826105196Swollman# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 827105196Swollman# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 828105196Swollman# 829105196Swollman# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 830105196Swollman# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 831105196Swollman# this subregion. 832105196Swollman 8339908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 8342742Swollman 83519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8362742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 8372742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 8382742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 8392742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 8402742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 8412742Swollman# 8422742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 8432742Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 8442742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 8452742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 8462742Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 8472742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 8482742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 8492742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 8502742Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 8512742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 8522742Swollman 85319878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8542742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 8552742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 8562742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 8572742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 8582742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 8592742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 8602742Swollman 8619908Swollman# South Australia 8622742Swollman 86319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8642742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8652742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8662742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8672742Swollman 86819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8692742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 8702742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8712742Swollman# ... 8722742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 8732742Swollman# ... 8742742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8752742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8762742Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 8772742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8782742Swollman 87919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 8802742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 8812742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 8822742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 8832742Swollman 88419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 8852742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 8862742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 8872742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 8882742Swollman# is on... 8892742Swollman 89019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 8912742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 8922742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 8932742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 8942742Swollman 89519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 8962742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 8972742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 8982742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 8992742Swollman 900149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 9019908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 9029908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 9039908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 9042742Swollman 9059908Swollman# Tasmania 9069908Swollman 90758787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 90858787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9092742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9102742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9112742Swollman 91219878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 9132742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 9142742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 9152742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 9162742Swollman 91758787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 91858787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 91958787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 92058787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 92158787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 92258787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 92358787Sru 92464499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 92564499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 92664499Swollman 9279908Swollman# Victoria 9282742Swollman 92958787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 93058787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9312742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9322742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9332742Swollman 93486222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 93586222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 93686222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 93786222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 93886222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 93986222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 94086222Swollman# 94186222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 94286222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 94386222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 94486222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 94586222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 94686222Swollman# expected time. 94786222Swollman# 94886222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 94986222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 95086222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 95186222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 95286222Swollman# 95386222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 95486222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 95586222Swollman 9569908Swollman# New South Wales 9572742Swollman 9582742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 9592742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 960149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 9612742Swollman# who notes: 9622742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 9632742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 9642742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 9652742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 9662742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 9672742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 9682742Swollman 969149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 97058787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 97158787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 97258787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 97358787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 97458787Sru# </a> 97558787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 9762742Swollman 97758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 97858787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 97958787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 98058787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 98158787Sru# </a> 98258787Sru# 98358787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 98458787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 98558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 98658787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 98758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 98858787Sru# 98958787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 99058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 99158787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 99258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 99358787Sru# 99458787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 99558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 99658787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 99758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 99858787Sru# 99958787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 100058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 100158787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 100258787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 100358787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 100458787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 100558787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 100675267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 100758787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 100858787Sru# 100958787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 101058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 101158787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 101258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 10132742Swollman 101443543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 101543543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 101658787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 101743543Swollman 101867578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 101975267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 102075267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 102167578Swollman 10229908Swollman# Yancowinna 10232742Swollman 102467578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 10252742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 10262742Swollman 102719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10282742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 10292742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10302742Swollman# ... 103143014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 10322742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 10332742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 10342742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 10352742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 10362742Swollman# # presently available. 10372742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 10382742Swollman# ... 10392742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10402742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 10412742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 10422742Swollman 10439908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 10442742Swollman 104519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1046153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 10472742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 10482742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10492742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10502742Swollman 105158787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 105258787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 105358787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 105458787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 105558787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 105658787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 105786464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 105858787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 105958787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 106058787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 106114343Swollman 106275267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 106375267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 106475267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 106575267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 106675267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 106775267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 106858787Sru 106975267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 107075267Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 107175267Swollman# For times we use Lonergan. 107267578Swollman 10732742Swollman############################################################################### 10742742Swollman 107558787Sru# New Zealand 10762742Swollman 107719878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 10782742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 10792742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 10802742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 10812742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 10822742Swollman 108319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10842742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 10852742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1086153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 10872742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10882742Swollman# ... 10892742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10902742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 10912742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10922742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 10932742Swollman# ... 10942742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 10952742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 10962742Swollman 109719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10982742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 10992742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 11002742Swollman 110114343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 110214343Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1103149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 110414343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 110514343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 110614343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 110714343Swollman# 1108121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1109121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1110121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1111121098Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1112121098Swollman# 1113121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1114121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1115121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 111614343Swollman 11172742Swollman############################################################################### 11182742Swollman 111958787Sru 11202742Swollman# Fiji 11212742Swollman 112258787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 112358787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 112458787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 11252742Swollman 112643543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 112743543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 112875267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 112943543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 113043543Swollman 113158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 113258787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 113358787Sru 113443543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 113543543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 113643543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 113743543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 113843543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 113943543Swollman# millenium. 114043543Swollman 114175267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 114275267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 114358787Sru 114414343Swollman# Johnston 114514343Swollman 114614343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 114714343Swollman 114858787Sru 114917200Swollman# Kiribati 115017200Swollman 115117200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 115217200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 115317200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 115417200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 115517200Swollman 115658787Sru 11572742Swollman# Kwajalein 11582742Swollman 11592742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 11602742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 116119878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 11622742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 11632742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 11642742Swollman 116558787Sru 116614343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 11672742Swollman 116858787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 11692742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 11702742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 117175267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 117275267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 117314343Swollman 117475267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 117575267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 117675267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 117775267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 117858787Sru 117975267Swollman 118017200Swollman# Micronesia 118117200Swollman 1182149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 118317200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 118417200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 118517200Swollman# 118658787Sru# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 118717200Swollman# ignore this for now. 118817200Swollman 118958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 119058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 119158787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 119258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 119358787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 119458787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 119558787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 119658787Sru 119758787Sru 1198121098Swollman# Midway 1199121098Swollman 1200121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1201121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1202121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1203121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1204121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1205121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1206121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1207121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1208121098Swollman# 1209121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1210121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1211121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1212121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1213121098Swollman 1214121098Swollman 121558787Sru# Pitcairn 121658787Sru 121758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 121858787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 121958787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 122058787Sru# 122158787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 122258787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 122358787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 122458787Sru# 122558787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 122658787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 122758787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 122858787Sru 122958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 123058787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 123158787Sru# ... at midnight. 123258787Sru 123358787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 123458787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 123558787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 123658787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 123758787Sru 123858787Sru 123914343Swollman# Samoa 124014343Swollman 124158787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 124258787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 124314343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 124414343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 124514343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 124617200Swollman 124758787Sru 124817200Swollman# Tonga 124917200Swollman 125017200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 125117200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 125217200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 125317200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 125458787Sru 125558787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 125658787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 125758787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 125858787Sru# </a>: 125958787Sru 126058787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 126158787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 126258787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 126358787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 126458787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 126558787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 126658787Sru# 126758787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 126858787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 126958787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 127058787Sru# 127158787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 127258787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 127358787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 127458787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 127558787Sru# 127658787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 127758787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 127858787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 127958787Sru 128058787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 128158787Sru# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 128258787Sru 128358787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 128458787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 128558787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 128658787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 128758787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 128858787Sru# Government. 128958787Sru 1290149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 129158787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 129275267Swollman# 1293149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 129458787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 129558787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 129658787Sru# </a> 129775267Swollman# 129858787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 129958787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 130058787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 130158787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 130258787Sru 1303149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 130458787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 130558787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 130658787Sru# </a>: 130775267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 130875267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 130975267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 131075267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 131158787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 131258787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 131358787Sru 131458787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 131558787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 131658787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 131758787Sru 131875267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 131975267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 132075267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 132175267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 132275267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 132375267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 132475267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 132558787Sru 132675267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 132775267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 132875267Swollman 132993799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 133093799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 133193799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 133293799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 133393799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 133486222Swollman 1335114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1336114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 133786222Swollman 1338121098Swollman 1339121098Swollman# Wake 1340121098Swollman 1341121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1342121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1343121098Swollman# 1344121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1345121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1346121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1347121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1348121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1349121098Swollman# impossible. 1350121098Swollman# 1351121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1352121098Swollman 1353121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1354121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1355121098Swollman 135658787Sru############################################################################### 135758787Sru 135858787Sru# The International Date Line 135958787Sru 136058787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 136175267Swollman# 136258787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 136358787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 136458787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 136558787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 136658787Sru# 136758787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 136858787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 136958787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 137058787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 137158787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 137258787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1373153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 137458787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 137558787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 137658787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 137758787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1378149514Swollman 1379153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1380153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1381153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1382153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1383153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1384153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1385153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1386153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1387153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1388153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1389153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1390153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1391153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1392153670Swollman 1393149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1394149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1395149514Swollman# 1396149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1397149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1398149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1399149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1400