1339630Sphilip# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2339630Sphilip 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 16366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17368822SphilipRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18368822SphilipRule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19368822SphilipRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20368822SphilipRule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21368822SphilipRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22368822SphilipRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23368822SphilipRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 242742Swollman 25349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269908Swollman# Northern Territory 272742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 309908Swollman# Western Australia 31169811Swollman# 32366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33270728SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34270728SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35270728SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36270728SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37270728SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38270728SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39270728SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41270728SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 422742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43270728Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44270728Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 45169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46316349Sbapt 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47316349Sbapt 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48169811Swollman 499908Swollman# Queensland 5020094Swollman# 51149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5220094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5320094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5420094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5520094Swollman# 5620094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5820094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 5920094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6020094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6120094Swollman# 62307361Sbapt# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63307361Sbapt# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64307361Sbapt# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65307361Sbapt# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66307361Sbapt# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67307361Sbapt# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68307361Sbapt# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69307361Sbapt# 70366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71270728SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72270728SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73270728SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74270728SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76270728SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 772742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 8020094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82270728Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83270728Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 842742Swollman 859908Swollman# South Australia 86366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87270728SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89270728SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90270728SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91270728SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92270728SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93270728SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94270728SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95270728SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96270728SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97270728SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98270728SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99270728SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101270728SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1072742Swollman 1089908Swollman# Tasmania 109149514Swollman# 110149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113149514Swollman# 114366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115368822SphilipRule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116368822SphilipRule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117368822SphilipRule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118368822SphilipRule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119270728SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120368822SphilipRule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121270728SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122270728SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123270728SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124270728SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125270728SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126270728SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127270728SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129270728SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130270728SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132270728SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133270728SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134270728SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135270728SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136270728SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137270728SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1392742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140368822Sphilip 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142270728Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1432742Swollman 1449908Swollman# Victoria 145366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146270728SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147270728SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148270728SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150270728SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151270728SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152270728SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153270728SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154270728SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155270728SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156270728SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157270728SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159270728SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1612742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163270728Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1642742Swollman 1659908Swollman# New South Wales 166366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167270728SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168270728SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169270728SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170270728SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171270728SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173270728SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174270728SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175270728SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176270728SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177270728SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178270728SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179270728SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180270728SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182270728SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186270728Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1872742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189270728Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190270728Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191270728Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192270728Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1938029Swollman 19414343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 195366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196331662SphilipRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197331662SphilipRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198331662SphilipRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199331662SphilipRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200331662SphilipRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201331662SphilipRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202331662SphilipRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203331662SphilipRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204331662SphilipRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205331662SphilipRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206331662SphilipRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207331662SphilipRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208331662SphilipRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209331662SphilipRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2102742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211270728Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213316349Sbapt 10:30 LH +1030/+11 2148029Swollman 21514343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2162742Swollman# 2172742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21814343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219169811Swollman# no times are set 2202742Swollman# 22114343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 22214343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223169811Swollman# no times are set 22414343Swollman# 22530711Swollman# Macquarie 226249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230273718Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232249692Sedwin# 233249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 238253009Sedwin# 239253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241270728Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244307361SbaptZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245273718Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246270728Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247273718Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248307361Sbapt 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249270728Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250366625Sphilip 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251366625Sphilip 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252366625Sphilip 10:00 AT AE%sT 2532742Swollman 25443014Swollman# Christmas 255349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25643014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 257316349Sbapt 7:00 - +07 2582742Swollman 259267473Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 260149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 261149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 262349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 264316349Sbapt 6:30 - +0630 2652742Swollman 266267473Sedwin 2672742Swollman# Fiji 268248307Sedwin 269248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 270248307Sedwin 271199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 272199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 273199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 274199336Sedwin# 275199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 276199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 277199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 278199336Sedwin 279199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 280199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 281199336Sedwin# amendments: 282199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 283204887Sedwin 284204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 285204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 286204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 287204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 288204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 289204887Sedwin# 290204887Sedwin# Official source: 291204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 292204887Sedwin# 293204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 294325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 295204887Sedwin 296214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 297240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 298214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 299240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 300214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 301214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 303214722Sedwin 304226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 305240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 306226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 307226289Sedwin# 308270728Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 309226289Sedwin# which says 310240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 311240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 312226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 313226289Sedwin 314226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 315226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 316226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 317226976Sedwin# 318226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 319226976Sedwin# states: 320226976Sedwin# 321226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 322226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 323226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 324226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 325226976Sedwin 326240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 327240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 328240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 329240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 330240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 331257681Sedwin 332257681Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 333263041Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 334263041Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 335257681Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 336263041Sedwin 337263041Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 338263041Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 339263041Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 340263041Sedwin 341273718Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 342273718Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 343273718Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 344240457Sedwin 345290697Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 346290697Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 347290697Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 348290697Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 349290697Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 350290697Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 351290697Sedwin 352307912Sbapt# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 353307912Sbapt# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 354307912Sbapt# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 355307912Sbapt# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 356307912Sbapt# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 357307912Sbapt 358325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 359325159Sphilip# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 360325159Sphilip# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 361325159Sphilip# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 362339630Sphilip 363339630Sphilip# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 364339630Sphilip# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 365339630Sphilip# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 366352354Sphilip 367352354Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 368352354Sphilip# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 369352354Sphilip# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 370352354Sphilip# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 371352354Sphilip# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 372352354Sphilip# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 373339630Sphilip# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 374352354Sphilip# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 375352354Sphilip# than guessing no DST. 376352354Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 377352354Sphilip# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 378273718Sedwin 379366802Sphilip# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 380366802Sphilip# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 381366802Sphilip# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 382366802Sphilip# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 383366802Sphilip# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 384366802Sphilip# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 385366802Sphilip# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 386366802Sphilip# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 387366802Sphilip# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 388366802Sphilip# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for 389366802Sphilip# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the 390366802Sphilip# recent second Sunday in November pattern. 391366802Sphilip 392366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 393331662SphilipRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 39475267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 395331662SphilipRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 396204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 397331662SphilipRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 398214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 399263041SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 400273718SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 401352354SphilipRule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 402352354SphilipRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 403366802SphilipRule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 404366802SphilipRule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 405366802SphilipRule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 406349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407273718SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 408316349Sbapt 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 4092742Swollman 4102742Swollman# French Polynesia 411349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412273718SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 413316349Sbapt -9:00 - -09 4142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 415316349Sbapt -9:30 - -0930 416273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 417316349Sbapt -10:00 - -10 41843014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 41943014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 4202742Swollman 4212742Swollman# Guam 422342668Sphilip 423366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 424342668Sphilip# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 425342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 426342668SphilipRule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 427342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 428342668SphilipRule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 429342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 430342668SphilipRule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 431342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 432342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 433342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 434342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 435342668SphilipRule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 436342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 437342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 438342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 439342668SphilipRule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 440342668SphilipRule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 441342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 442342668SphilipRule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 443342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 444342668SphilipRule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 445342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 446342668SphilipRule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 447342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 448342668SphilipRule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 449342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 450342668SphilipRule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 451342668Sphilip# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 452342668SphilipRule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 453342668Sphilip 454349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45575267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 456273718Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 457342668Sphilip 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 458342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 459342668Sphilip 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 46075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 461280413SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 4622742Swollman 4632742Swollman# Kiribati 464349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465273718SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 466316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 4672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 468316349Sbapt -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 469331662Sphilip -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 470316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 4712742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 472316349Sbapt -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 473331662Sphilip -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 474316349Sbapt 14:00 - +14 4752742Swollman 47614343Swollman# N Mariana Is 477280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 47814343Swollman 47914343Swollman# Marshall Is 480349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481342668SphilipZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 482342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 483342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 484342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 485342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 486342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 487342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 488342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 489342668SphilipZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 490342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 491342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 492342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 493342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 494342668Sphilip -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 495342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 49614343Swollman 49714343Swollman# Micronesia 498349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499342668SphilipZone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 500342668Sphilip 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 501342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 502342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 503342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 504342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 505342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 506342668SphilipZone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 507342668Sphilip 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 508342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 509342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 510342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 511342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 512342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 513342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 514342668SphilipZone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 515342668Sphilip 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 516342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 517342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 518342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1937 519342668Sphilip 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 520342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 521342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 522342668Sphilip 12:00 - +12 1999 523342668Sphilip 11:00 - +11 52414343Swollman 5252742Swollman# Nauru 526349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527273718SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 528342668Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 529342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 530342668Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 531316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 5322742Swollman 5332742Swollman# New Caledonia 534366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 535331662SphilipRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 53619878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 537331662SphilipRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 538158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 53943014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 540349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 542316349Sbapt 11:00 NC +11/+12 5432742Swollman 5442742Swollman 5452742Swollman############################################################################### 5462742Swollman 5472742Swollman# New Zealand 5482742Swollman 549366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 550121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 551121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 552121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 553121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 554121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 555121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 556121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 557331662Sphilip# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 558331662Sphilip# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 559331662Sphilip# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 560331662Sphilip# time to percolate out. 561114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 562331662SphilipRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 563114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 564331662SphilipRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 5659908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 566331662SphilipRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 567114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 568331662SphilipRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 569114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 570331662SphilipRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 571169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 572331662SphilipRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 573169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 574331662SphilipRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 575169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 576331662SphilipRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 577169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 578331662SphilipRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 579349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 580114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 581121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 5822742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 583270728SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 584316349Sbapt 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 585316349Sbapt 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 5862742Swollman 587257681SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 5888029Swollman 58930711Swollman# Auckland Is 590270728Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 59158787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5922742Swollman 59330711Swollman# Campbell I 59458787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 59558787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 59658787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 59730711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 59830711Swollman 599267473Sedwin# Cook Is 600267473Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 601366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 602331662SphilipRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 603267473SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 604331662SphilipRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 605349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 606273718SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 607316349Sbapt -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 608316349Sbapt -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 609267473Sedwin 6102742Swollman############################################################################### 6112742Swollman 6122742Swollman 6132742Swollman# Niue 614349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615273718SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 616316349Sbapt -11:20 - -1120 1951 617316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 618316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 6192742Swollman 6202742Swollman# Norfolk 621349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622273718SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 623316349Sbapt 11:12 - +1112 1951 624352354Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 625352354Sphilip 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 626352354Sphilip 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 627352354Sphilip 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 628352354Sphilip 11:00 AN +11/+12 6292742Swollman 63058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 631349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632342668SphilipZone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 633342668Sphilip 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 634342668Sphilip 9:00 - +09 6359908Swollman 6362742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 637349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 639273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 640316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 641273718Sedwin# 642273718Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 643273718Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 644273718Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 645273718Sedwin# 646307361Sbapt# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 647273718Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 648273718Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 649273718Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 650273718Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 651325159Sphilip# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 652273718Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 653273718Sedwin# 654307361Sbapt# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 655316349Sbapt# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 656316349Sbapt# See: 657273718Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 658273718Sedwin# 659273718SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 660273718Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 661316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 662316349Sbapt 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 663316349Sbapt 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 664316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 6652742Swollman 6662742Swollman# Pitcairn 667349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 668273718SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 669316349Sbapt -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 670316349Sbapt -8:00 - -08 6712742Swollman 67214343Swollman# American Samoa 673325159SphilipZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 67414343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 675273718Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 676280413SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 67714343Swollman 678270728Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 679196582Sedwin 680204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 681204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 682204887Sedwin# the following info: 683197000Sedwin# 684204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 685204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 686204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 687204887Sedwin# 688204887Sedwin# Background info: 689325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 690198270Sedwin# 691204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 692204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 693204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 694198270Sedwin 695226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 696214722Sedwin# Please see 697214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 698214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 699214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 700214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 701214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 702214722Sedwin 703226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 704270728Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 705219687Sedwin# 706270728Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 707270728Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 708270728Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 709270728Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 710219687Sedwin 711270728Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 712226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 713240457Sedwin# 714226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 715226289Sedwin 716270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 717270728Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 718270728Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 719307361Sbapt# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 720270728Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 721270728Spluknet# accordingly. 722226289Sedwin 723226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 724226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 725226289Sedwin# 726226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 727226289Sedwin# 728226289Sedwin# DST 729270728Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 730270728Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 731270728Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 732226289Sedwin# 733226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 734226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 735226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 736233445Sedwin# 737270728Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 738241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 739270728Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 740241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 741241869Sedwin# 742270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 743270728Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 744270728Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 745370690Sphilip# 746370690Sphilip# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 747370690Sphilip# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 748370690Sphilip# DST has been cancelled for this year. 749241869Sedwin 750366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 751331662SphilipRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 752331662SphilipRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 753331662SphilipRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 754370690SphilipRule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 755370690SphilipRule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 756349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757325159SphilipZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 75814343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 759316349Sbapt -11:30 - -1130 1950 760316349Sbapt -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 761316349Sbapt 13:00 WS +13/+14 76214343Swollman 7632742Swollman# Solomon Is 7642742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 765349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 766273718SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 767316349Sbapt 11:00 - +11 7682742Swollman 769316349Sbapt# Tokelau 770233445Sedwin# 771233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 772233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 773240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 774233445Sedwin# 775240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 776240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 777240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 778328475Sphilip# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 779328475Sphilip# actually was to UT-11 back then. 780233445Sedwin# 781240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 782240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 783240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 784325159Sphilip# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 785240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 786240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 787233445Sedwin 788349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7892742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 790316349Sbapt -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 791316349Sbapt 13:00 - +13 7922742Swollman 7932742Swollman# Tonga 794366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 795331662SphilipRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 79675267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 797331662SphilipRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 798114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 799331662SphilipRule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 800325159SphilipRule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 801349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8022742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 803308302Sgjb 12:20 - +1220 1941 804308302Sgjb 13:00 - +13 1999 805308302Sgjb 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 8062742Swollman 8072742Swollman# Tuvalu 808349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8092742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 810316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 8112742Swollman 81243014Swollman 81343014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 81443014Swollman 81543014Swollman# Howland, Baker 816171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 817171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 818171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 819171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 820307361Sbapt# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 821171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 822171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 823171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 824171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 82543014Swollman 82643014Swollman# Jarvis 827171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 828171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 829171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 83043014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 83143014Swollman 83243014Swollman# Johnston 833257681Sedwin# 834316349Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 835263901Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 836263901Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 837316349Sbapt# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 838316349Sbapt# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 839263901Sedwin# 840257681Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 841257681Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 842257681Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 843257681Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 844257681Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 845257681Sedwin# 846263901Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 847263901Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 848263901Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 849263901Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 850263901Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 851263901Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 852263901Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 853273718Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 854325159Sphilip# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 855263901Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 856263901Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 857263901Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 85843014Swollman 85943014Swollman# Kingman 86043014Swollman# uninhabited 86143014Swollman 86243014Swollman# Midway 863280413Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 86443014Swollman 86543014Swollman# Palmyra 86643014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 86743014Swollman 86843014Swollman# Wake 869349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 87043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 871316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 87243014Swollman 87343014Swollman 8742742Swollman# Vanuatu 875368822Sphilip 876368822Sphilip# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 877368822Sphilip# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 878368822Sphilip# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 879368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 880368822Sphilip# 881368822Sphilip# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 882368822Sphilip# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 883368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 884368822Sphilip# 885368822Sphilip# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 886368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 887368822Sphilip# 888368822Sphilip# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 889368822Sphilip# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 890368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 891368822Sphilip# 892368822Sphilip# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 893368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 894368822Sphilip# 895368822Sphilip# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 896368822Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 897368822Sphilip 898366625Sphilip# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 899368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 900368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 901368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 902368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 903368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 904368822SphilipRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 905349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 906273718SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 907316349Sbapt 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 9082742Swollman 9092742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 910349598Sphilip# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 912316349Sbapt 12:00 - +12 9132742Swollman 9142742Swollman############################################################################### 9152742Swollman 9162742Swollman# NOTES 9172742Swollman 918273718Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 9192742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 920273718Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 921273718Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9222742Swollman 923342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 924274559Sedwin# 925274559Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 926158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 927158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 928274559Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 9292742Swollman# 930316349Sbapt# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 931316349Sbapt# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 93220094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 93320094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 934274559Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 935274559Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 93620094Swollman# 9372742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 9382742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 9392742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 9402742Swollman# 941248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 942273718Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 943325159Sphilip# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 944248307Sedwin# 9452742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 94658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 9472742Swollman# 948342668Sphilip# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 949316349Sbapt# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 9502742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 951270728Spluknet# std dst 952270728Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 953270728Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 954270728Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 955270728Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 956342668Sphilip# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 957270728Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 958270728Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 959270728Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 960270728Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 961270728Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 9622742Swollman# 963270728Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 964270728Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 9652742Swollman 9662742Swollman############################################################################### 9672742Swollman 9682742Swollman# Australia 9692742Swollman 970270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 971270728Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 972270728Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 973270728Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 974270728Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 975270728Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 976270728Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 977270728Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 978270728Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 979270728Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 980270728Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 981270728Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 982270728Spluknet 983368822Sphilip# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 984368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 985368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 986368822Sphilip# 987368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 988368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 989368822Sphilip# 990368822Sphilip# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 991368822Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 992368822Sphilip# 993368822Sphilip# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 994368822Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 995368822Sphilip# 996368822Sphilip# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 997368822Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 998368822Sphilip# 999368822Sphilip# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1000368822Sphilip 1001368822Sphilip 1002153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1003153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1004273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1005270728Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 100658787Sru 1007153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1008153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1009273718Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1010270728Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 1011153670Swollman 101219878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1013270728Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1014270728Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1015270728Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 10162742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 10172742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 10182742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 10192742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1020270728Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 10212742Swollman# time'. 10222742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1023270728Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1024270728Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 10252742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 10262742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1027270728Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 10282742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 10292742Swollman 1030270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 103186222Swollman# 1032270728Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1033270728Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1034270728Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1035270728Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1036270728Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1037270728Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1038270728Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1039270728Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1040270728Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1041270728Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1042270728Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1043270728Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 104486222Swollman# 1045270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1046270728Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1047270728Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1048270728Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1049270728Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1050270728Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1051270728Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1052270728Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1053270728Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1054270728Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 105586222Swollman# 1056270728Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1057270728Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 105886222Swollman# 1059270728Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1060270728Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1061270728Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1062270728Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 106386222Swollman# 1064270728Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1065270728Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 106686222Swollman# 1067270728Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1068270728Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1069270728Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1070270728Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1071270728Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1072270728Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1073270728Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 107486222Swollman# 1075270728Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1076270728Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1077270728Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1078270728Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1079270728Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1080270728Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1081270728Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1082270728Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1083270728Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1084270728Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1085270728Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1086270728Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1087270728Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1088270728Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 108986222Swollman# 1090270728Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 109186222Swollman# 1092270728Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1093270728Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1094270728Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1095270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 109686222Swollman# 1097270728Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1098270728Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1099270728Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 110086222Swollman# 1101270728Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1102270728Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1103270728Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 110486222Swollman# 1105270728Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1106270728Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1107270728Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 110886222Swollman# 1109270728Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1110325159Sphilip# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1111270728Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 111286222Swollman# 1113270728Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1114270728Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1115270728Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1116270728Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1117270728Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1118270728Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 111986222Swollman# 1120270728Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1121270728Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1122270728Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1123270728Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1124270728Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1125270728Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1126270728Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1127270728Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1128270728Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 112986222Swollman 113014343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1131158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1132149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 11339908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 11349908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1135270728Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 113614343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 11372742Swollman 1138149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 113975267Swollman# 114043014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 114143014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 114243014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 114375267Swollman# 114443014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 114543014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1146325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 114743014Swollman# ACT 114843014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1149325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 115043014Swollman# SA 115143014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1152325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 115343014Swollman 1154149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1155149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1156149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1157149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1158149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1159149514Swollman# 1160149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1161149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1162149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1163149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1164149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1165149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1166149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1167149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1168149514Swollman# allude to it. 1169149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1170270728Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1171149514Swollman 11729908Swollman# Northern Territory 11739908Swollman 117419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11752742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 11762742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11772742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 11782742Swollman# ... 11799908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 11802742Swollman 118119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11822742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11832742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 11842742Swollman 11859908Swollman# Western Australia 11862742Swollman 118719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11882742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 11892742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11902742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 11912742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 11922742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 11932742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 11942742Swollman# ... 11952742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 11962742Swollman# ... 11972742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11982742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 11992742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12002742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 12012742Swollman 120219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 12032742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 12042742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 12052742Swollman 120619878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 12072742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 12082742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 12092742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 12102742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 12112742Swollman# everybody again. 12122742Swollman 121319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12142742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 12152742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 12162742Swollman 121758787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1218273718Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1219270728Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 122058787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 122158787Sru 1222333312Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1223333312Sphilip# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1224333312Sphilip# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1225333312Sphilip# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1226333312Sphilip# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1227333312Sphilip# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1228333312Sphilip# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1229333312Sphilip# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1230333312Sphilip 12319908Swollman# Queensland 1232331662Sphilip 1233331662Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1234331662Sphilip# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1235331662Sphilip# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1236331662Sphilip# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1237331662Sphilip# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1238331662Sphilip 123919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12402742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 12412742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 12422742Swollman# ... 12432742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 12442742Swollman# ... 12452742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12462742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 12472742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12482742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 12492742Swollman 125019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 12512742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 12522742Swollman# October 1989). 12532742Swollman 125419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 12552742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 12562742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 12572742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 12582742Swollman 125919878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 12602742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 12612742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 12622742Swollman# me.) 12632742Swollman 126419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 12652742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 12662742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 12672742Swollman# ... 12682742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12692742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12702742Swollman# ... 12712742Swollman 127219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12732742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 12742742Swollman 1275169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1276270728Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1277169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1278273718Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1279169811Swollman 1280105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1281114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1282169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1283114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1284114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1285114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1286114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1287169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1288105196Swollman# 1289105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1290105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1291105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1292273718Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1293105196Swollman# 1294169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1295169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1296169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1297169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1298105196Swollman# 1299169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1300169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1301169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1302169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1303169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1304169811Swollman# 1305169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1306169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1307169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1308169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1309169811Swollman# 1310169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1311169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1312169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1313169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1314169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1315349598Sphilip# 1316349598Sphilip# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1317349598Sphilip# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1318349598Sphilip# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1319349598Sphilip# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1320349598Sphilip# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1321349598Sphilip# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1322349598Sphilip# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1323349598Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1324349598Sphilip# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1325349598Sphilip# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1326349598Sphilip# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1327349598Sphilip# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1328349598Sphilip# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1329349598Sphilip# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1330349598Sphilip# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1331105196Swollman 1332169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1333169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1334169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1335169811Swollman 1336169811Swollman 1337171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 13382742Swollman# 1339171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1341171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1342171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 13432742Swollman 13442742Swollman 13459908Swollman# South Australia 13462742Swollman 134719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 13482742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 13492742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 13502742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 13512742Swollman 135219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13532742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 13542742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 13552742Swollman# ... 13562742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 13572742Swollman# ... 13582742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13592742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1360158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 13612742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 13622742Swollman 136319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 13642742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 13652742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 13662742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 13672742Swollman 136819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 13692742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 13702742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 13712742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 13722742Swollman# is on... 13732742Swollman 137419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 13752742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 13762742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 13772742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 13782742Swollman 137919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 13802742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 13812742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 13822742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 13832742Swollman 1384149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 13859908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 13869908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 13879908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 13882742Swollman 1389171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1390171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1391171948Sedwin 13929908Swollman# Tasmania 13939908Swollman 1394368822Sphilip# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1395368822Sphilip# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1396368822Sphilip# 1397368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1398368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1399368822Sphilip# 1400368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1401368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1402368822Sphilip# 1403368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1404368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1405368822Sphilip# 1406368822Sphilip# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1407368822Sphilip# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1408368822Sphilip# 1409368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1410368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1411368822Sphilip# 1412368822Sphilip# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1413368822Sphilip# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1414368822Sphilip 141558787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 141658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14172742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 14182742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14192742Swollman 142019878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 14212742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 14222742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 14232742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 14242742Swollman 142558787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 142658787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 142758787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 142858787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 142958787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 143058787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 143158787Sru 143264499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 143364499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 143464499Swollman 1435171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1436171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1437171948Sedwin 14389908Swollman# Victoria 14392742Swollman 144058787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 144158787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14422742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 14432742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14442742Swollman 144586222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 144686222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 144786222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 144886222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 144986222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 145086222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 145186222Swollman# 145286222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 145386222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 145486222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 145586222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 145686222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 145786222Swollman# expected time. 145886222Swollman# 145986222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 146086222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 146186222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 146286222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 146386222Swollman# 146486222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 146586222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 146686222Swollman 1467171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1468171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1469171948Sedwin 14709908Swollman# New South Wales 14712742Swollman 14722742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 14732742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1474149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 14752742Swollman# who notes: 14762742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1477270728Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 14782742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 14792742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 14802742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 14812742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 14822742Swollman 1483149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 148458787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1485273718Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1486273718Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1487273718Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 14882742Swollman 148958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 149058787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 149158787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1492273718Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 149358787Sru# 149458787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 149558787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 149658787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1497273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1498270728Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 149958787Sru# 1500325159Sphilip# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1501270728Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1502273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 150358787Sru# 150458787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1505270728Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1506273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 150758787Sru# 150858787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 150958787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1510273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1511270728Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1512270728Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 151358787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 151458787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 151575267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1516270728Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 151758787Sru# 151858787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1519270728Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1520273718Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 15212742Swollman 152243543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 152343543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 152458787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 152543543Swollman 152667578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 152775267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 152875267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 152967578Swollman 1530171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1531171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1532171948Sedwin 15339908Swollman# Yancowinna 15342742Swollman 153567578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1536270728Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 15372742Swollman 153819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 15392742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 15402742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 15412742Swollman# ... 154243014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 15432742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 15442742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 15452742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 15462742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 15472742Swollman# # presently available. 15482742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 15492742Swollman# ... 15502742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 15512742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 15522742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 15532742Swollman 15549908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 15552742Swollman 155619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1557153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 15582742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 15592742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 15602742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 15612742Swollman 156258787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 156358787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 156458787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 156558787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 156658787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 156758787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1568226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 156958787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 157058787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 157158787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 157214343Swollman 157375267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 157475267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 157575267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 157675267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 157775267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 157875267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 157958787Sru 1580158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1581158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1582158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 158367578Swollman 1584171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1585171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1586171948Sedwin 1587192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1588240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1589240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1590192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1591240457Sedwin# 1592192886Sedwin# From 1593192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1594240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1595192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1596240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1597192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1598240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1599240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1600192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1601240457Sedwin# 1602192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1603325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 16042742Swollman############################################################################### 16052742Swollman 160658787Sru# New Zealand 16072742Swollman 160819878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 16092742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 16102742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 16112742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1612270728Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 16132742Swollman 161419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 16152742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 16162742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1617153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 16182742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 16192742Swollman# ... 16202742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 16212742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 16222742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 16232742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 16242742Swollman# ... 16252742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 16262742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 16272742Swollman 162819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 16292742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 16302742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 16312742Swollman 163214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1633158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1634149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 163514343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 163614343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 163714343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 163814343Swollman# 1639158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1640121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1641328475Sphilip# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1642158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1643121098Swollman# 1644121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1645121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1646121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 164714343Swollman 1648169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1649169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1650169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1651169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1652169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1653169811Swollman 1654270728Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1655270728Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1656273718Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1657325159Sphilip# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1658270728Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1659270728Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1660270728Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1661270728Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1662270728Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1663270728Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1664307361Sbapt# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1665270728Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1666270728Spluknet 16672742Swollman############################################################################### 16682742Swollman 166958787Sru 1670349598Sphilip# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1671349598Sphilip 1672349598Sphilip# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1673349598Sphilip# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1674349598Sphilip# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1675349598Sphilip# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1676349598Sphilip# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1677349598Sphilip# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1678349598Sphilip# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1679349598Sphilip# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1680349598Sphilip# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1681349598Sphilip# 1682349598Sphilip# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/��������������������������� 1683349598Sphilip 1684349598Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1685349598Sphilip# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1686349598Sphilip# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1687349598Sphilip# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1688349598Sphilip# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1689349598Sphilip# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1690349598Sphilip# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1691349598Sphilip# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1692349598Sphilip# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1693349598Sphilip# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1694349598Sphilip# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1695349598Sphilip# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1696349598Sphilip# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1697349598Sphilip# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1698349598Sphilip# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1699349598Sphilip# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1700349598Sphilip# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1701349598Sphilip# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1702349598Sphilip# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1703349598Sphilip# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1704349598Sphilip 1705349598Sphilip 17062742Swollman# Fiji 17072742Swollman 170858787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 170958787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 171058787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 17112742Swollman 171243543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 171343543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 171475267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 171543543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 171643543Swollman 171758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 171858787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 171958787Sru 1720253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1721253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1722270728Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1723253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1724253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1725253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 172643543Swollman 172775267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 172875267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 172958787Sru 173014343Swollman 173117200Swollman# Kiribati 173217200Swollman 173317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 173417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1735270728Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 173617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 173717200Swollman 1738331662Sphilip# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1739331662Sphilip# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1740331662Sphilip# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1741331662Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1742331662Sphilip# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1743331662Sphilip# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 174458787Sru 17452742Swollman# Kwajalein 17462742Swollman 1747342668Sphilip# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1748342668Sphilip# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1749342668Sphilip# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1750342668Sphilip# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1751342668Sphilip# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1752342668Sphilip# one side of the international date line to the other." 1753342668Sphilip# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1754342668Sphilip# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 17552742Swollman 1756342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1757342668Sphilip# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/������������������������> ... pointed out that 1758342668Sphilip# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1759342668Sphilip# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1760342668Sphilip# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1761342668Sphilip# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1762342668Sphilip# 1763342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1764342668Sphilip# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1765342668Sphilip# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1766342668Sphilip# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1767342668Sphilip# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1768342668Sphilip# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1769342668Sphilip# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1770342668Sphilip# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1771342668Sphilip# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 177258787Sru 1773342668Sphilip 177414343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 17752742Swollman 1776342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1777342668Sphilip# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1778342668Sphilip# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1779342668Sphilip# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1780342668Sphilip# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1781342668Sphilip 1782342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1783270728Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1784270728Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 17852742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 178675267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 178775267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 1788342668Sphilip# 1789342668Sphilip# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1790342668Sphilip# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1791342668Sphilip# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1792342668Sphilip# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1793342668Sphilip# 1794307361Sbapt# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 179575267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 179675267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 179775267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 179858787Sru 1799342668Sphilip# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 180075267Swollman 180117200Swollman 1802342668Sphilip# Marshall Is 1803342668Sphilip# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1804342668Sphilip 1805342668Sphilip 1806342668Sphilip# Micronesia (and nearby) 1807342668Sphilip 1808342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1809342668Sphilip# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1810342668Sphilip# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1811342668Sphilip 1812149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1813270728Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1814270728Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 181517200Swollman# 1816307361Sbapt# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1817158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 181817200Swollman 181958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 182058787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1821270728Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1822273718Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1823307361Sbapt# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1824307361Sbapt# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 182558787Sru 1826342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1827342668Sphilip# 1828342668Sphilip# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/������������������������ 1829342668Sphilip# ... 1830342668Sphilip# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1831342668Sphilip# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1832342668Sphilip# 1833342668Sphilip# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1834342668Sphilip# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1835342668Sphilip# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1836342668Sphilip# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1837342668Sphilip# 1838342668Sphilip# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1839342668Sphilip# instructed to use JST at the time. 1840342668Sphilip# 1841342668Sphilip# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1842342668Sphilip# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1843342668Sphilip# longitude of the atoll. 1844342668Sphilip# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1845342668Sphilip# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1846342668Sphilip# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1847342668Sphilip# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1848342668Sphilip# is if they keep their own time back then) 1849342668Sphilip# 1850342668Sphilip# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1851342668Sphilip# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1852342668Sphilip# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1853342668Sphilip# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1854342668Sphilip# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1855342668Sphilip# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1856342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1857342668Sphilip# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1858342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1859342668Sphilip# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1860342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1861342668Sphilip# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1862342668Sphilip# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1863342668Sphilip# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1864342668Sphilip# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1865342668Sphilip# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1866342668Sphilip# time of the area. 1867342668Sphilip# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1868342668Sphilip# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1869342668Sphilip# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1870342668Sphilip# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1871342668Sphilip# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1872342668Sphilip# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1873342668Sphilip# Marshall Islands. 1874342668Sphilip# 1875342668Sphilip# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1876342668Sphilip# area into 2 timezones: 1877342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1878342668Sphilip# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1879342668Sphilip# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1880342668Sphilip# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1881342668Sphilip# Standard Time) 1882342668Sphilip# 1883342668Sphilip# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1884342668Sphilip# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1885342668Sphilip# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1886342668Sphilip# 1887342668Sphilip# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1888342668Sphilip# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1889342668Sphilip# period of time.... 1890342668Sphilip# 1891342668Sphilip# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1892342668Sphilip# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1893342668Sphilip# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1894342668Sphilip# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1895342668Sphilip# 1896342668Sphilip# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1897342668Sphilip# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1898342668Sphilip# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1899342668Sphilip# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1900342668Sphilip# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1901342668Sphilip# information can be found. 1902342668Sphilip# 1903342668Sphilip# 1904342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1905342668Sphilip# 1906342668Sphilip# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1907342668Sphilip# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1908342668Sphilip# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1909342668Sphilip# 1910342668Sphilip# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1911342668Sphilip# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1912342668Sphilip# 1913342668Sphilip# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 191458787Sru 1915342668Sphilip 1916121098Swollman# Midway 1917121098Swollman 1918121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1919121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1920121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1921121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1922121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1923121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1924121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1925121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1926121098Swollman# 1927121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1928121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1929121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1930121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1931121098Swollman 1932342668Sphilip# Nauru 1933342668Sphilip 1934342668Sphilip# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1935342668Sphilip# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1936342668Sphilip# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1937342668Sphilip# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1938342668Sphilip# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/��������������������� 1939342668Sphilip# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1940342668Sphilip# ... 1941342668Sphilip# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1942342668Sphilip# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1943342668Sphilip# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1944342668Sphilip# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1945342668Sphilip# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1946342668Sphilip# 1947342668Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1948342668Sphilip# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1949342668Sphilip# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1950342668Sphilip# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1951342668Sphilip# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1952342668Sphilip# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1953342668Sphilip# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1954342668Sphilip 1955290697Sedwin# Norfolk 1956121098Swollman 1957290697Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1958290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1959290697Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1960290697Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1961290697Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1962290697Sedwin 1963352354Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 1964290697Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1965290697Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1966290697Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1967290697Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1968325159Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1969352354Sphilip# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 1970352354Sphilip# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 1971352354Sphilip# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 1972290697Sedwin 1973352354Sphilip# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 1974352354Sphilip# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 1975352354Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 1976352354Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 1977352354Sphilip# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 1978352354Sphilip 1979342668Sphilip# Palau 1980342668Sphilip# See commentary for Micronesia. 1981342668Sphilip 198258787Sru# Pitcairn 198358787Sru 198458787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 198558787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 198658787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 198758787Sru# 198858787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 198958787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 199058787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 199158787Sru# 199258787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 199358787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 199458787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 199558787Sru 199658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 199758787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 199858787Sru# ... at midnight. 199958787Sru 200058787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 200158787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2002331662Sphilip# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be �� hour different from us here in 200358787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 200458787Sru 200558787Sru 2006270728Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 200714343Swollman 2008325159Sphilip# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2009325159Sphilip# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2010270728Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2011270728Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2012270728Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2013325159Sphilip# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2014325159Sphilip# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 201517200Swollman 2016307361Sbapt# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2017307361Sbapt# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2018270728Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2019270728Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2020307361Sbapt# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2021270728Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2022270728Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2023270728Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 202458787Sru 2025325159Sphilip 202617200Swollman# Tonga 202717200Swollman 202817200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2029270728Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2030270728Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 203117200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 203258787Sru 203358787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2034273718Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2035273718Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2036273718Sedwin# 203758787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 203858787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 203958787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 204058787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2041331662Sphilip# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13�� 204258787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 204358787Sru# 2044270728Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2045270728Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 204658787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 204758787Sru# 204858787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 204958787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 205058787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 205158787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 205258787Sru# 205358787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 205458787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 205558787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 205658787Sru 2057158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2058158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 205958787Sru 206058787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2061253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 206258787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 206358787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 206458787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 206558787Sru# Government. 206658787Sru 2067149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 206858787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 206975267Swollman# 2070149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 207158787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 207275267Swollman# 207358787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 207458787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 207558787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 207658787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 207758787Sru 2078149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2079270728Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 208075267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 208175267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 208275267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 208375267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 208458787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 208558787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 208658787Sru 208758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 208858787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 208958787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 209058787Sru 209175267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 209275267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 209375267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 209475267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 209575267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 209675267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2097270728Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 209858787Sru 209975267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 210075267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 210175267Swollman 210293799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 210393799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 210493799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 210593799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 210693799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 210786222Swollman 2108308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 2109114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 211086222Swollman 2111308302Sgjb# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 2112308302Sgjb# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2113308302Sgjb# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2114308302Sgjb# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2115308302Sgjb# 2116308302Sgjb# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2117308302Sgjb# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2118308302Sgjb# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2119121098Swollman 2120325159Sphilip# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2121325159Sphilip# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 2122325159Sphilip# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2123325159Sphilip# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2124325159Sphilip# 2125325159Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2126325159Sphilip# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2127325159Sphilip 2128325159Sphilip 2129121098Swollman# Wake 2130121098Swollman 2131121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 2132121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 2133121098Swollman# 2134270728Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 2135121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 2136121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 2137121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 2138121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 2139121098Swollman# impossible. 2140121098Swollman# 2141325159Sphilip# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 2142121098Swollman 2143121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2144121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 2145121098Swollman 2146342668Sphilip# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2147342668Sphilip 2148342668Sphilip 214958787Sru############################################################################### 215058787Sru 215158787Sru# The International Date Line 215258787Sru 215358787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 215475267Swollman# 215558787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 215658787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 215758787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 215858787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 215958787Sru# 216058787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 216158787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 216258787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 216358787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 216458787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 216558787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2166153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 216758787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 216858787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 216958787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 217058787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 2171149514Swollman 2172325159Sphilip# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2173153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2174153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2175153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2176153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2177153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2178153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2179153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2180153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2181153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2182270728Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2183153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2184153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2185153670Swollman 2186149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2187149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 2188149514Swollman# 2189149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2190273718Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2191149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2192149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2193