africa revision 267473
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 467578Swollman 52742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 62742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7243003Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 82742Swollman 9248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 102742Swollman# 112742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 142742Swollman# 1586222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1620094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1920094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 2020094Swollman# 21158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2320094Swollman# 242742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 252742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 262742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 272742Swollman# 28248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29248307Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30248307Sedwin# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31248307Sedwin# 3214343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3358787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 3414343Swollman# 3530711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 3630711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that 3830711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 3930711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 4030711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 4130711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 4230711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 432742Swollman# 4430711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 4530711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 4630711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 4730711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 4830711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 492742Swollman# 5030711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 5130711Swollman# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 5230711Swollman# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 5330711Swollman# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 5430711Swollman# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 5530711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 5630711Swollman# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 5730711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 5830711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 5930711Swollman# until we get more information. 602742Swollman# 6130711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 6230711Swollman# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 6330711Swollman# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64226289Sedwin# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 6530711Swollman# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 6630711Swollman# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 672742Swollman# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 6830711Swollman# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 692742Swollman 702742Swollman# Algeria 712742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 7219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 7419878SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 7519878SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 7619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 7719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 782742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 7919878SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 802742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 8119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 822742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 842742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 852742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 8619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 872742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 8819878SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 892742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 9019878SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 912742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 9219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 932742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972742SwollmanZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 9814343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 9919878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 10019878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 1012742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 10219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 10319878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 10419878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 10519878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 10619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1072742Swollman 1082742Swollman# Angola 1092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1102742SwollmanZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 11186222Swollman 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 11230711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1132742Swollman 1142742Swollman# Benin 115158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 116158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1182742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 11930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 12030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1212742Swollman 1222742Swollman# Botswana 123248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 124248307Sedwin# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 125248307Sedwin# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 1262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1272742SwollmanZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 128248307Sedwin 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 12930711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 13030711Swollman 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 13130711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1322742Swollman 1332742Swollman# Burkina Faso 1342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1352742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 13630711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1372742Swollman 1382742Swollman# Burundi 1392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1402742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 14130711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1422742Swollman 1432742Swollman# Cameroon 144158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1462742SwollmanZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 14730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1482742Swollman 1492742Swollman# Cape Verde 1502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1512742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 1522742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 1532742Swollman -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 1542742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 15519878Swollman -1:00 - CVT 1562742Swollman 1572742Swollman# Central African Republic 1582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1592742SwollmanZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 16030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1612742Swollman 1622742Swollman# Chad 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 16530711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 16630711Swollman 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 16730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1682742Swollman 1692742Swollman# Comoros 1702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1712742SwollmanZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1722742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1732742Swollman 17430711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo 1752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17630711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 17830711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17930711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 18030711Swollman 18130711Swollman# Republic of the Congo 18230711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1832742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 18430711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1852742Swollman 1862742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire 1872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1882742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 18930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1902742Swollman 1912742Swollman# Djibouti 1922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1932742SwollmanZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1942742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1952742Swollman 1962742Swollman############################################################################### 1972742Swollman 1982742Swollman# Egypt 1992742Swollman 200248307Sedwin# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 201248307Sedwin# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 202248307Sedwin# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 203248307Sedwin# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 204248307Sedwin 2052742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2072742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 20819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2092742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 21019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2112742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 2122742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 21319878SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 21419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2152742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 21619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 21719878SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2182742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 21930711SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 22019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 22119878SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 22219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 22319878SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 22430711SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 22543014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 22643543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 227221092Sedwin 228221092Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 229221092Sedwin# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 230221092Sedwin# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 231221092Sedwin# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 232221092Sedwin# 233221092Sedwin# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 234221092Sedwin# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> 235221092Sedwin# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 236221092Sedwin# </a> 237221092Sedwin# or 238221092Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> 239221092Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 240221092Sedwin# </a> 241221092SedwinRule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 242267473SedwinRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 243163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 244163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 245163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 246163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 247163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 248267473SedwinRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 249171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 250171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 251171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 252171948Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 253240457Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 254171948Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 255172479Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 256172479Sedwin# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 257267473SedwinRule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 258172479Sedwin# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 259172479Sedwin# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 260172479Sedwin# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 261172479Sedwin# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 262172479Sedwin# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 263172479Sedwin# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 264172479Sedwin# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 265171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 266172479Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 26720094Swollman 268191618Sedwin# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 269191618Sedwin# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 270191618Sedwin# 271191618Sedwin# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 272192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 273191618Sedwin# Apr 23 274192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 276191618Sedwin# Apr 24 277192886Sedwin# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 278192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 279191618Sedwin# Aug 27 280192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 282191618Sedwin# Aug 27 283192886Sedwin# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 284191618Sedwin# 285191618Sedwin# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 286191618Sedwin# :59) 287191618Sedwin# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 288191618Sedwin# 289191618Sedwin# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 290191618Sedwin# 291192886Sedwin# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 292192886Sedwin# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 293191618Sedwin# </a> 294192886Sedwin# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 295192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296191618Sedwin# </a> 297191618Sedwin# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 298191618Sedwin# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 299191618Sedwin# </a> 300191618Sedwin 301191618Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 302191618Sedwin# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 303191618Sedwin# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 304191618Sedwin# in September. 305196582Sedwin 306196582Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 307240457Sedwin# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 308196582Sedwin# Information and Decision Support Center: 309196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 310196582Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 311196582Sedwin# </a> 312240457Sedwin# 313196582Sedwin# The Middle East News Agency 314196582Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 315196582Sedwin# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 316196582Sedwin# </a> 317196582Sedwin# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 318240457Sedwin# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 319196582Sedwin# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 320196582Sedwin# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 321196582Sedwin# (at least today). 322196582Sedwin 323210718Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 324210718Sedwin# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 325210718Sedwin# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 326210718Sedwin# Ramadan. 327210718Sedwin# 328210718Sedwin# Arabic translation: 329210718Sedwin# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" 330210718Sedwin# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> 331210718Sedwin# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 332210718Sedwin# </a> 333210718Sedwin# or 334210718Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> 335210718Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 336210718Sedwin# </a> 337210718Sedwin 338265978Sedwin# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 339265978Sedwin# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 340265978Sedwin# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 341265978Sedwin 342265978Sedwin# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 343265978Sedwin# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 344265978Sedwin 345267473Sedwin# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 346267473Sedwin# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 347267473Sedwin# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 348267473Sedwin# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 349267473Sedwin# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 350267473Sedwin# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 351267473Sedwin# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 352267473Sedwin# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 353267473Sedwin# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 354267473Sedwin# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 355267473Sedwin# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 356267473Sedwin# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 357267473Sedwin 358267473Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 359265978Sedwin# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 360265978Sedwin# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 361267473Sedwin# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 362267473Sedwin# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 363265978Sedwin# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 364265978Sedwin# 365267473Sedwin# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 366267473Sedwin# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 367267473Sedwin# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 368267473Sedwin# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 369267473Sedwin# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 370267473Sedwin# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 371267473Sedwin# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 372267473Sedwin# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 373267473Sedwin# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 374267473Sedwin# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 375267473Sedwin# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 376267473Sedwin# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 377267473Sedwin# (friday 5)) 378267473Sedwin# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 379267473Sedwin# (setq a (1- a))) 380267473Sedwin# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 381267473Sedwin# (setq b (1+ b))) 382267473Sedwin# (setq a (1- a)) 383267473Sedwin# (setq b (1- b)) 384267473Sedwin# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 385267473Sedwin# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 386267473Sedwin# (insert 387267473Sedwin# (format 388267473Sedwin# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 389267473Sedwin# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 390267473Sedwin# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 391267473Sedwin# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 392267473Sedwin# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 393267473SedwinRule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 394267473SedwinRule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 395267473SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 396267473SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 397267473SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 398265978SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 399267473SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 400267473SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 401267473SedwinRule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 402265978SedwinRule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 403267473SedwinRule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 404267473SedwinRule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 405267473SedwinRule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 406267473SedwinRule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 407267473SedwinRule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 408267473SedwinRule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 409267473SedwinRule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 410267473SedwinRule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 411267473SedwinRule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 412267473SedwinRule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 413267473SedwinRule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 414267473SedwinRule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 415267473SedwinRule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 416265978SedwinRule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 417191618Sedwin 4182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 419248307SedwinZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 42019878Swollman 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 4212742Swollman 4222742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 4232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4242742SwollmanZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 42530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 42630711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4272742Swollman 4282742Swollman# Eritrea 4292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 430169811SwollmanZone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 431169811Swollman 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 43230711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 4332742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4342742Swollman 4352742Swollman# Ethiopia 436158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 437158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 438158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 43930711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 4402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4412742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 44230711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 4432742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4442742Swollman 4452742Swollman# Gabon 4462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4472742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 44830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4492742Swollman 4502742Swollman# Gambia 4512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4522742SwollmanZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 45319878Swollman -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 45430711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1964 45530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4562742Swollman 4572742Swollman# Ghana 4582742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 459158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 460158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 46130711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 46230711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 4632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4642742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 4652742Swollman 0:00 Ghana %s 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# Guinea 4682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4692742SwollmanZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 47030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 47130711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 47230711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4732742Swollman 4742742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 4752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4762742SwollmanZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 47730711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1975 47830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4792742Swollman 4802742Swollman# Kenya 4812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4822742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 4832742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 48430711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1940 485226289Sedwin 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 4862742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4872742Swollman 4882742Swollman# Lesotho 4892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4902742SwollmanZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 49130711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 4922742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 49330711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 4942742Swollman 4952742Swollman# Liberia 496158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 4972742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 49886222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 49914343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 500158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 501158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 502158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 503158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 5042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5052742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 5062742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 50719878Swollman -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 50830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5092742Swollman 5102742Swollman############################################################################### 5112742Swollman 5122742Swollman# Libya 5132742Swollman 514243003Sedwin# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 515243003Sedwin# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 516243003Sedwin# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 517243003Sedwin# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 518243003Sedwin# 519243003Sedwin# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 520243003Sedwin# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 521243003Sedwin# 522243003Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 523243003Sedwin# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 524243003Sedwin# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 525243003Sedwin# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 526243003Sedwin# lastFri instead of lastSun). 527243003Sedwin 528257681Sedwin# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 529257681Sedwin# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 530257681Sedwin# cancelled yesterday.... 531257681Sedwin# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 532257681Sedwin# 533257681Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 534257681Sedwin# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 535257681Sedwin 5362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53719878SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 5382742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 53919878SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 5402742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 54119878SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 5422742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 54319878SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 5442742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 54519878SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 54619878SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 5472742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 54819878SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 549149514SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 550243003SedwinRule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 551243003SedwinRule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 552257681SedwinRule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 553257681SedwinRule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 5542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5552742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 55619878Swollman 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 5572742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 55858787Sru 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 559243003Sedwin# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 56058787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 56158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 562243003Sedwin 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 563243003Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 564257681Sedwin 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 565257681Sedwin 2:00 - EET 5662742Swollman 5672742Swollman# Madagascar 5682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5692742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 5702742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 5712742Swollman 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 5722742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5732742Swollman 5742742Swollman# Malawi 5752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5762742SwollmanZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 57730711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 5782742Swollman 5792742Swollman# Mali 5802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5812742SwollmanZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 58230711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 58330711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 58430711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5852742Swollman 5862742Swollman# Mauritania 5872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5882742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 58930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 59030711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 59130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5922742Swollman 5932742Swollman# Mauritius 594181421Sedwin 595181421Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 596181421Sedwin# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 597181421Sedwin# basis.... 598240457Sedwin# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 599181421Sedwin# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 600181421Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 601181424Sedwin 602181421Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 603181421Sedwin# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 604181424Sedwin 605181421Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 606181421Sedwin# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 607181421Sedwin# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 608181421Sedwin# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 609181424Sedwin 610181421Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 611181421Sedwin# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 612181421Sedwin 613181424Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 614181424Sedwin# According to 615181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 616181424Sedwin# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 617181424Sedwin# </a> 618181424Sedwin# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 619181424Sedwin# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 620181424Sedwin# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 621181424Sedwin# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 622240457Sedwin# 623240457Sedwin# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 624240457Sedwin# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 625240457Sedwin# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 626240457Sedwin# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 627240457Sedwin# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 628181424Sedwin# changes two days later. 629181424Sedwin 630181424Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 631181424Sedwin# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 632181424Sedwin# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 633181424Sedwin# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 634181424Sedwin# 635181424Sedwin# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 636181424Sedwin# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 637181424Sedwin# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 638181424Sedwin# ... 639181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 640181424Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 641181424Sedwin# </a> 642181424Sedwin 643183066Sedwin# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 644183066Sedwin# The Government of Mauritius weblink 645192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 646192886Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 647183066Sedwin# </a> 648183066Sedwin# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 649183066Sedwin# 650183066Sedwin# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 651183066Sedwin# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 652183066Sedwin# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 653183066Sedwin# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 654183066Sedwin# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 655183066Sedwin# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 656183066Sedwin# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 657183066Sedwin# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 658183066Sedwin# and end on 29 March 2009. 659183066Sedwin 660183864Sedwin# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 661183864Sedwin# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 662183864Sedwin# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 663183864Sedwin# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 664183864Sedwin# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 665183864Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 666183864Sedwin# </a> 667183864Sedwin 668196581Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 669196581Sedwin# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 670196581Sedwin# DST the coming summer... 671196581Sedwin# 672196581Sedwin# Some sources, in French: 673196581Sedwin# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 674196581Sedwin# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 675196581Sedwin# </a> 676196581Sedwin# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 677196581Sedwin# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 678196581Sedwin# </a> 679196581Sedwin# 680196581Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 681196581Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 682196581Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 683196581Sedwin# </a> 684196581Sedwin 685196581Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 686240457Sedwin# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 687196581Sedwin# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 688196581Sedwin# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 689196581Sedwin 690181421Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 691181421SedwinRule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 692181421SedwinRule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 693196581SedwinRule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 694196581SedwinRule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 6952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6962742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 697181421Sedwin 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 6982742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 6992742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 7002742Swollman 7012742Swollman# Mayotte 7022742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 70314343SwollmanZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 7042742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 7052742Swollman 7062742Swollman# Morocco 70730711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 708181418Sedwin 709181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 710181418Sedwin# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 711181418Sedwin# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 712181418Sedwin# 713181418Sedwin# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 714181418Sedwin# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 715181418Sedwin# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 716181418Sedwin# 717181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 718181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 719181418Sedwin# </a> 720181418Sedwin# OR 721181418Sedwin# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 722181418Sedwin# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 723181418Sedwin# </a> 724181418Sedwin 725181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 726181418Sedwin# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 727181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 728181418Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 729181418Sedwin# </a> 730181418Sedwin# 731181418Sedwin# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 732181418Sedwin# spokesman. 733181418Sedwin 734181418Sedwin# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 735181418Sedwin# According to this article: 736181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 737181418Sedwin# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 738181418Sedwin# </a> 739181418Sedwin# (and republished here: 740181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 741181418Sedwin# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 742181418Sedwin# </a> 743181418Sedwin# ) 744181418Sedwin# the changes occurs at midnight: 745181418Sedwin# 746181418Sedwin# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 747181418Sedwin# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 748181418Sedwin# sunday night the 28th at midnight 749181418Sedwin# 750181418Sedwin# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 751181418Sedwin# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 752181418Sedwin# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 753181418Sedwin# june1st to sept 27th. 754181418Sedwin# 755181418Sedwin# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 756181418Sedwin# published on the web. 757181418Sedwin# 758181418Sedwin# It's also confirmed here: 759181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 760181418Sedwin# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 761181418Sedwin# </a> 762181418Sedwin# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 763181418Sedwin# posted in english). 764181418Sedwin# 765181418Sedwin# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 766181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 767181418Sedwin# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 768181418Sedwin# </a> 769181418Sedwin 770183066Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 771240457Sedwin# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 772240457Sedwin# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 773183066Sedwin# of September: 774183066Sedwin# 775183066Sedwin# One article about it (in French): 776183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 777183066Sedwin# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 778183066Sedwin# </a> 779183066Sedwin# 780183066Sedwin# We have some further details posted here: 781183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 782183066Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 783183066Sedwin# </a> 784190372Sedwin 785190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 786190372Sedwin# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 787190372Sedwin# to many sources, such as 788190372Sedwin# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 789190372Sedwin# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 790190372Sedwin# </a> 791190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 792190372Sedwin# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 793190372Sedwin# </a> 794190372Sedwin# (French) 795190372Sedwin# 796190372Sedwin# Our summary: 797190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 798190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 799190372Sedwin# </a> 800190372Sedwin 801190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 802190372Sedwin# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 803190372Sedwin# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 804190372Sedwin# 805190372Sedwin# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 806190372Sedwin# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 807190372Sedwin# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 808190372Sedwin# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 809190372Sedwin# 810190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 811190372Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 812190372Sedwin# </a> 813190372Sedwin# 814190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 815190372Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 816190372Sedwin# </a> 817190372Sedwin 818206868Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 819206868Sedwin# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 820206868Sedwin# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 821206868Sedwin# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 822206868Sedwin# 823206868Sedwin# Example: 824206868Sedwin# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> 825206868Sedwin# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 826206868Sedwin# </a> 827206868Sedwin# (French) 828206868Sedwin# Our page: 829206868Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> 830206868Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 831206868Sedwin# </a> 832206868Sedwin 833220286Sedwin# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 834220286Sedwin# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 835220286Sedwin# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 836220286Sedwin# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 837220286Sedwin# ...Official links of change in morocco 838220286Sedwin# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 839220286Sedwin# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 840220286Sedwin# +212.537.71.84.00 841220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> 842220286Sedwin# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 843220286Sedwin# </a> 844220286Sedwin# They said that 845220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> 846220286Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 847220286Sedwin# </a> 848220286Sedwin# is the official publication to look at. 849220286Sedwin# They said that the decision was already taken. 850220286Sedwin# 851220286Sedwin# More articles in the press 852220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> 853220286Sedwin# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev 854220286Sedwin# </a> 855220286Sedwin# e.html 856220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> 857220286Sedwin# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 858220286Sedwin# </a> 859220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> 860220286Sedwin# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 861220286Sedwin# anche-prochain-5538.html 862220286Sedwin# </a> 863220286Sedwin 864220286Sedwin# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 865220286Sedwin# They have it written in English here: 866220286Sedwin# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> 867220286Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 868220286Sedwin# </a> 869220286Sedwin# 870220286Sedwin# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 871220286Sedwin# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 872220286Sedwin# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 873220286Sedwin# also been like that in the past. 874220286Sedwin 875240457Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 876240457Sedwin# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 877240457Sedwin# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 878240457Sedwin# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 879240457Sedwin# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9"> 880240457Sedwin# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 881240457Sedwin# </a> 882240457Sedwin# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 883240457Sedwin# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 884240457Sedwin# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 885240457Sedwin# except the month of Ramadan. 886240457Sedwin# or (brief) 887240457Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html"> 888240457Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 889240457Sedwin# </a> 890240457Sedwin 891240457Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 892240457Sedwin# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 893240457Sedwin# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 894240457Sedwin# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 895240457Sedwin# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 896240457Sedwin# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 897240457Sedwin 898240457Sedwin# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 899240457Sedwin# Seen Morocco change again: 900240457Sedwin# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php"> 901240457Sedwin# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 902240457Sedwin# </a> 903240457Sedwin# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars, 904240457Sedwin# comme annoncé précédemment." 905240457Sedwin 906240457Sedwin# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 907240457Sedwin# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 908240457Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288"> 909240457Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 910240457Sedwin# </a> 911240457Sedwin# 912240457Sedwin# Google translation, lightly edited: 913240457Sedwin# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 914240457Sedwin# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 915240457Sedwin# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 916240457Sedwin# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 917240457Sedwin# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 918240457Sedwin# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 919240457Sedwin# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 920240457Sedwin# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 921240457Sedwin# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 922240457Sedwin 923248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 924248307Sedwin# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 925248307Sedwin# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 926248307Sedwin# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 927248307Sedwin# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 928248307Sedwin# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 929253009Sedwin 930253009Sedwin# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 931253009Sedwin# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 932253009Sedwin# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 933253009Sedwin# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 934253009Sedwin 935257681Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 936257681Sedwin# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 937257681Sedwin# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 938257681Sedwin# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 939257681Sedwin# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 940257681Sedwin# source (French): 941257681Sedwin# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 942257681Sedwin# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 943257681Sedwin# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 944257681Sedwin 945263901Sedwin# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 946263901Sedwin# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 947263901Sedwin 948267473Sedwin# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 949267473Sedwin# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 950267473Sedwin# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 951267473Sedwin# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 952267473Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 953267473Sedwin 954267473Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 955267473Sedwin# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 956267473Sedwin# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 957267473Sedwin# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 958267473Sedwin# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 959267473Sedwin# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 960267473Sedwin# results integrated by hand into the table below. 961267473Sedwin# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 962267473Sedwin# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 963267473Sedwin# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 964267473Sedwin# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 965267473Sedwin# (saturday 6)) 966267473Sedwin# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 967267473Sedwin# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 968267473Sedwin# (setq b (1+ b))) 969267473Sedwin# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 970267473Sedwin# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 971267473Sedwin# (insert 972267473Sedwin# (format 973267473Sedwin# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 974267473Sedwin# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 975267473Sedwin# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 976267473Sedwin# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 977248307Sedwin# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 978248307Sedwin 97920094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 980183066Sedwin 98119878SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 9822742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 98319878SwollmanRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 9842742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 98519878SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 9862742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 98719878SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 9882742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 98919878SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 9902742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 99119878SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 9922742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 9932742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 99419878SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 9952742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 996181418SedwinRule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 997183066SedwinRule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 998190372SedwinRule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 999267473SedwinRule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1000206868SedwinRule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 1001206868SedwinRule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1002220286SedwinRule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1003267473SedwinRule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 1004267473SedwinRule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1005267473SedwinRule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1006267473SedwinRule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1007267473SedwinRule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 1008267473SedwinRule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1009267473SedwinRule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 1010267473SedwinRule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1011267473SedwinRule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1012267473SedwinRule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1013267473SedwinRule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 1014267473SedwinRule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 1015267473SedwinRule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 1016267473SedwinRule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 1017267473SedwinRule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 1018267473SedwinRule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 1019267473SedwinRule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 1020267473SedwinRule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 1021267473SedwinRule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 1022267473SedwinRule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 1023267473SedwinRule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 1024267473SedwinRule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 1025267473SedwinRule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 1026267473SedwinRule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 1027267473SedwinRule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 1028267473SedwinRule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 1029267473SedwinRule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 1030267473SedwinRule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 1031267473SedwinRule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 1032267473SedwinRule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 1033267473SedwinRule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1034267473SedwinRule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 1035267473SedwinRule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 1036267473SedwinRule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 1037240457Sedwin 10382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10392742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 104019878Swollman 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 104119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 1042181418Sedwin 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1043257681Sedwin 104419878Swollman# Western Sahara 1045257681Sedwin# 1046257681Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1047257681Sedwin# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1048257681Sedwin# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1049257681Sedwin# Morocco does. 1050257681Sedwin# 1051257681Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1052257681Sedwin# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1053257681Sedwin# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1054257681Sedwin 105519878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 105630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 1057257681Sedwin 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 10588029Swollman 10592742Swollman# Mozambique 10602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10612742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 106230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 10632742Swollman 10642742Swollman# Namibia 1065158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 1066158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 1067169811Swollman 1068169811Swollman# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 1069169811Swollman# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 1070169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1071169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1072169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1073169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1074169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1075169811Swollman# of the country. 1076240457Sedwin# 1077169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1078169811Swollman# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1079169811Swollman# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1080169811Swollman 108120094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108220094SwollmanRule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 108320094SwollmanRule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 10842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10852742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 10862742Swollman 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 108730711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 10882742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 108930711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 109030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 109130711Swollman 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 10922742Swollman 10932742Swollman# Niger 10942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 109530711SwollmanZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 109630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 109730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1960 109830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 10992742Swollman 11002742Swollman# Nigeria 11012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11022742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 110330711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 11042742Swollman 11052742Swollman# Reunion 11062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110714343SwollmanZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 110819878Swollman 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 110943014Swollman# 111043014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 111143014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from 111258787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 111358787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 111458787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories. 111543014Swollman# 111643014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited 111743014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 111843014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 111943014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 112043014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 11212742Swollman 11222742Swollman# Rwanda 11232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11242742SwollmanZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 112530711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 11262742Swollman 11272742Swollman# St Helena 11282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11292742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 113030711Swollman -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 11312742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 113214343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 113330711Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 113430711Swollman# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 113558787Sru# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 113658787Sru# on GMT, says the CIA 113730711Swollman# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 113814343Swollman 11392742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe 11402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11412742SwollmanZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 114219878Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 114330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 11442742Swollman 11452742Swollman# Senegal 11462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11472742SwollmanZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 114830711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 114930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 11502742Swollman 11512742Swollman# Seychelles 11522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11532742SwollmanZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 115419878Swollman 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 115586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 115686222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 115786222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 115886222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 115986222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 116086222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 11612742Swollman 11622742Swollman# Sierra Leone 11632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1164158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 116530711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 116630711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 116730711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 116830711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 11692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11702742SwollmanZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 117119878Swollman -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 117230711Swollman -1:00 SL %s 1957 117330711Swollman 0:00 SL %s 11742742Swollman 11752742Swollman# Somalia 11762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11772742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 11782742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1931 117930711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1957 11802742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 11812742Swollman 11822742Swollman# South Africa 11832742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118430711SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 11852742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 11862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11872742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 118830711Swollman 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 118930711Swollman 2:00 SA SAST 119030711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is 119158787Sru# scientific station since 1947 11922742Swollman# no information 11932742Swollman 11942742Swollman# Sudan 119558787Sru# 119658787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 119758787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 119858787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 119958787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 120058787Sru# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 120158787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 120258787Sru# 12032742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 120419878SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 120514343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 120619878SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 120719878SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 12082742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12092742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 121058787Sru 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 121158787Sru 3:00 - EAT 12122742Swollman 1213226289Sedwin# South Sudan 1214257681SedwinLink Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1215226289Sedwin 12162742Swollman# Swaziland 12172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12182742SwollmanZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 121930711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 12202742Swollman 12212742Swollman# Tanzania 12222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12232742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 12242742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1948 1225226289Sedwin 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 12262742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 12272742Swollman 12282742Swollman# Togo 12292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12302742SwollmanZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 123130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 12322742Swollman 12332742Swollman# Tunisia 1234149514Swollman 1235149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1236149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1237149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1238149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1239149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1240149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1241149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1242149514Swollman# Saturday." (My translation) 1243149514Swollman# 1244149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1245149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1246149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1247149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1248149514Swollman# 1h standard time. 1249158421Swollman# 1250158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1251158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1252158421Swollman# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1253158421Swollman# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1254158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1255149514Swollman 1256190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1257190372Sedwin# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1258190372Sedwin# (Arabic) 1259190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 1260190372Sedwin# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1261190372Sedwin# </a> 1262190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 1263190372Sedwin# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1264190372Sedwin# </a> 1265190372Sedwin# 1266190372Sedwin# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1267190372Sedwin# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1268190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 1269190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1270190372Sedwin# </a> 1271190372Sedwin 1272190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1273190372Sedwin# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1274190372Sedwin# 1275190372Sedwin# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1276190372Sedwin# 1277190372Sedwin# (in English) 1278190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 1279190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1280190372Sedwin# </a> 1281190372Sedwin# 1282190372Sedwin# (in Arabic) 1283190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 1284190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1285190372Sedwin# </a> 1286190372Sedwin 1287190372Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 1288190372Sedwin# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 1289190372Sedwin# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 1290190372Sedwin# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 1291190372Sedwin# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1292190372Sedwin 1293206868Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1294206868Sedwin# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1295206868Sedwin# 1296206868Sedwin# (translation): 1297206868Sedwin# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1298206868Sedwin# Sunday... 1299206868Sedwin# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1300206868Sedwin# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1301206868Sedwin# 1302206868Sedwin# (in Arabic) 1303206868Sedwin# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> 1304206868Sedwin# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1305206868Sedwin# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> 1306206868Sedwin# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1307206868Sedwin# or 1308206868Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> 1309206868Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1310206868Sedwin 13112742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 13132742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 131419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 13152742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 131619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 13172742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 131819878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 13192742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 132019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 13212742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 132219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 13232742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 13242742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 132519878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 13262742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 132719878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 13282742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 132919878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 133020094SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 133119878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 133219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1333149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1334149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1335190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1336190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1337206868Sedwin 1338158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1339158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 1340158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 13412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13422742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 134314343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 134419878Swollman 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 13452742Swollman 13462742Swollman# Uganda 13472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13482742SwollmanZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 13492742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 13502742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1351226289Sedwin 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 13522742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 13532742Swollman 13542742Swollman# Zambia 13552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13562742SwollmanZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 135730711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 13582742Swollman 13592742Swollman# Zimbabwe 13602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13612742SwollmanZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 136230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1363