africa revision 171948
1171948Sedwin# @(#)africa	8.9
2153761Swollman# <pre>
367578Swollman
42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
72742Swollman
8158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92742Swollman#
102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
132742Swollman#
1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1720094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1920094Swollman#
20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
2220094Swollman#
232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
262742Swollman#
2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
2914343Swollman#
3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that
3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
382742Swollman#
3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
442742Swollman#
4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4630711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4730711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4930711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5130711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5430711Swollman# until we get more information.
552742Swollman#
5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5730711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5830711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5986222Swollman#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6130711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
622742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6330711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
642742Swollman
652742Swollman# Algeria
662742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
68158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
732742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
752742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
772742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
78158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
802742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
822742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
912742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
922742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9314343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9419878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9519878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
962742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9719878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9819878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9919878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
10019878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
10119878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1022742Swollman
1032742Swollman# Angola
1042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1052742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10686222Swollman			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
10730711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1082742Swollman
1092742Swollman# Benin
110158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1132742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11430711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1162742Swollman
1172742Swollman# Botswana
1182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
12030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
12130711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
12230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1232742Swollman
1242742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1252742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1262742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1282742Swollman
1292742Swollman# Burundi
1302742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1312742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
13230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1332742Swollman
1342742Swollman# Cameroon
135158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1372742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1392742Swollman
1402742Swollman# Cape Verde
1412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1422742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1432742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1442742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1452742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14619878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1472742Swollman
1482742Swollman# Central African Republic
1492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1502742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
15130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1522742Swollman
1532742Swollman# Chad
1542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1552742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15730711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1592742Swollman
1602742Swollman# Comoros
1612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1622742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1632742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1642742Swollman
16530711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
17030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
17130711Swollman
17230711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17330711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1742742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1762742Swollman
1772742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
18030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1812742Swollman
1822742Swollman# Djibouti
1832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1852742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1862742Swollman
1872742Swollman###############################################################################
1882742Swollman
1892742Swollman# Egypt
1902742Swollman
1912742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
19219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1932742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1952742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1972742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1982742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
19919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
2012742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
20219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2042742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20530711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20819878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
21030711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
21143014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
21243543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
21358787SruRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
214163302SruRule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
215163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
216163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
217163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
218163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
219163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
220163302SruRule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
221171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
222171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
223171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
224171948Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
225171948Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 
226171948Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
227171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
228171948Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is first Thursday.
229171948SedwinRule	Egypt	2007	max	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
23020094Swollman
2312742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2322742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
23319878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2342742Swollman
2352742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2372742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
23830711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
23930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2402742Swollman
2412742Swollman# Eritrea
2422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
243169811SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
244169811Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
24530711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2462742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2472742Swollman
2482742Swollman# Ethiopia
249158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
250158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
251158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
25230711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2532742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2542742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
25530711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2562742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2572742Swollman
2582742Swollman# Gabon
2592742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2602742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
26130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2622742Swollman
2632742Swollman# Gambia
2642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2652742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
26619878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
26730711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
26830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2692742Swollman
2702742Swollman# Ghana
2712742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
272158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
273158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
27430711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
27530711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2762742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2772742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2782742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2792742Swollman
2802742Swollman# Guinea
2812742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2822742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
28330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
28430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
28530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2862742Swollman
2872742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2882742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2892742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
29030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
29130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2922742Swollman
2932742Swollman# Kenya
2942742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2952742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
2962742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
29730711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
29886222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
2992742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3002742Swollman
3012742Swollman# Lesotho
3022742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3032742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
30430711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
3052742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
30630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
3072742Swollman
3082742Swollman# Liberia
309158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3102742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
31186222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
31214343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
313158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
314158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
315158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
316158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
3172742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3182742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3192742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
32019878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
32130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3222742Swollman
3232742Swollman###############################################################################
3242742Swollman
3252742Swollman# Libya
3262742Swollman
3272742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
32819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3292742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
33019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3312742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
33219878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3332742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
33419878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3352742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
33619878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
33719878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3382742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
33919878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
340149514SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
3412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3422742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
34319878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3442742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
34558787Sru			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
346158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
34758787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
34858787Sru			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
34958787Sru			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
35058787Sru			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
35143014Swollman			2:00	-	EET
3522742Swollman
3532742Swollman# Madagascar
3542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3552742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3562742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3572742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3582742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3592742Swollman
3602742Swollman# Malawi
3612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3622742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
36330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3642742Swollman
3652742Swollman# Mali
3662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3672742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
36830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
36930711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
37030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3712742Swollman
3722742Swollman# Mauritania
3732742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3742742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
37530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
37630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
37730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3782742Swollman
3792742Swollman# Mauritius
3802742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3812742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
38219878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3832742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3842742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3852742Swollman
3862742Swollman# Mayotte
3872742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
38814343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3892742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3902742Swollman
3912742Swollman# Morocco
39230711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
39320094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
39419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
3952742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
39619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
3972742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
39819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
3992742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
40019878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
4012742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
40219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
4032742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
40419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4052742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
4062742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
40719878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4082742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
4092742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4102742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
41119878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
41219878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
4132742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
41419878Swollman# Western Sahara
41519878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
41630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
41719878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
4188029Swollman
4192742Swollman# Mozambique
4202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4212742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
42230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4232742Swollman
4242742Swollman# Namibia
425158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
426158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
427169811Swollman
428169811Swollman# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
429169811Swollman# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
430169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
431169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
432169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
433169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
434169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
435169811Swollman# of the country.
436169811Swollman# 
437169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
438169811Swollman# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
439169811Swollman# we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
440169811Swollman
44120094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
44220094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
44320094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4442742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4452742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4462742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
44730711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4482742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
44930711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
45030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
45130711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4522742Swollman
4532742Swollman# Niger
4542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
45530711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
45630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
45730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
45830711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4592742Swollman
4602742Swollman# Nigeria
4612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4622742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
46330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4642742Swollman
4652742Swollman# Reunion
4662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
46714343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
46819878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
46943014Swollman#
47043014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
47143014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from
47258787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
47358787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
47458787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories.
47543014Swollman#
47643014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited
47743014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
47843014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
47943014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
48043014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
4812742Swollman
4822742Swollman# Rwanda
4832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
48530711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4862742Swollman
4872742Swollman# St Helena
4882742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4892742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
49030711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
4912742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
49214343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
49330711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
49430711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
49558787Sru#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
49658787Sru#		on GMT, says the CIA
49730711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
49814343Swollman
4992742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
5002742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5012742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
50219878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
50330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
5042742Swollman
5052742Swollman# Senegal
5062742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5072742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
50830711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
50930711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
5102742Swollman
5112742Swollman# Seychelles
5122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5132742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
51419878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
51586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
51686222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
51786222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
51886222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
51986222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
52086222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
5212742Swollman
5222742Swollman# Sierra Leone
5232742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
524158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
52530711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
52630711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
52730711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
52830711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
5292742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5302742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
53119878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
53230711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
53330711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5342742Swollman
5352742Swollman# Somalia
5362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5372742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5382742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
53930711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5402742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5412742Swollman
5422742Swollman# South Africa
5432742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
54430711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5452742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5472742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
54830711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
54930711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
55030711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
55158787Sru# scientific station since 1947
5522742Swollman# no information
5532742Swollman
5542742Swollman# Sudan
55558787Sru#
55658787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
55758787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
55858787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
55958787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
56058787Sru# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
56158787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
56258787Sru#
5632742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
56419878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
56514343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
56619878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
56719878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5682742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5692742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
57058787Sru			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
57158787Sru			3:00	-	EAT
5722742Swollman
5732742Swollman# Swaziland
5742742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5752742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
57630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5772742Swollman
5782742Swollman# Tanzania
5792742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5802742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5812742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
58286222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5832742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5842742Swollman
5852742Swollman# Togo
5862742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5872742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
58830711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5892742Swollman
5902742Swollman# Tunisia
591149514Swollman
592149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
593149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
594149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
595149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
596149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
597149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
598149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
599149514Swollman# Saturday."  (My translation)
600149514Swollman#
601149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
602149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
603149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
604149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
605149514Swollman# 1h standard time.
606158421Swollman#
607158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
608158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
609158421Swollman# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
610158421Swollman# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
611158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
612149514Swollman
6132742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
61419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
6152742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
61619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
6172742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
61819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
6192742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
62019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
6212742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
62219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
6232742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
62419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
6252742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
6262742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
62719878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
6282742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
62919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
6302742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
63119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
63220094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
63319878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
63419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
635149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
636149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
637158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
638158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
639158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
640158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
641158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
6422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6432742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
64414343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
64519878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
6462742Swollman
6472742Swollman# Uganda
6482742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6492742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
6502742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
6512742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
65286222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
6532742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6542742Swollman
6552742Swollman# Zambia
6562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6572742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
65830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6592742Swollman
6602742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6622742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
66330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
664