africa revision 171948
1171948Sedwin# @(#)africa 8.9 2153761Swollman# <pre> 367578Swollman 42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 72742Swollman 8158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92742Swollman# 102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 132742Swollman# 1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1720094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1920094Swollman# 20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2220094Swollman# 232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 262742Swollman# 2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 2914343Swollman# 3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that 3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 382742Swollman# 3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 442742Swollman# 4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 4630711Swollman# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 4730711Swollman# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 4830711Swollman# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 4930711Swollman# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 5130711Swollman# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 5430711Swollman# until we get more information. 552742Swollman# 5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 5730711Swollman# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 5830711Swollman# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 5986222Swollman# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 6030711Swollman# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 6130711Swollman# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 622742Swollman# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 6330711Swollman# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 642742Swollman 652742Swollman# Algeria 662742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 68158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 6919878SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 7019878SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 7119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 7219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 732742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 7419878SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 752742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 7619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 772742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 78158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 792742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 802742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 8119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 822742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 8319878SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 842742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 8519878SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 862742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 8719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 882742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 90158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 922742SwollmanZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 9314343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 9419878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 9519878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 962742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 9719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 9819878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 9919878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 10019878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 10119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1022742Swollman 1032742Swollman# Angola 1042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1052742SwollmanZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 10686222Swollman 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 10730711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1082742Swollman 1092742Swollman# Benin 110158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 111158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1132742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 11430711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 11530711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1162742Swollman 1172742Swollman# Botswana 1182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1192742SwollmanZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 12030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 12130711Swollman 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 12230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1232742Swollman 1242742Swollman# Burkina Faso 1252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 12730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1282742Swollman 1292742Swollman# Burundi 1302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 13230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1332742Swollman 1342742Swollman# Cameroon 135158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1372742SwollmanZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 13830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1392742Swollman 1402742Swollman# Cape Verde 1412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 1432742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 1442742Swollman -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 1452742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 14619878Swollman -1:00 - CVT 1472742Swollman 1482742Swollman# Central African Republic 1492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502742SwollmanZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 15130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1522742Swollman 1532742Swollman# Chad 1542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1552742SwollmanZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 15630711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 15730711Swollman 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 15830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1592742Swollman 1602742Swollman# Comoros 1612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1622742SwollmanZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1632742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1642742Swollman 16530711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo 1662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 16830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 17030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 17130711Swollman 17230711Swollman# Republic of the Congo 17330711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1742742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 17530711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1762742Swollman 1772742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire 1782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 18030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1812742Swollman 1822742Swollman# Djibouti 1832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842742SwollmanZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1852742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1862742Swollman 1872742Swollman############################################################################### 1882742Swollman 1892742Swollman# Egypt 1902742Swollman 1912742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1932742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 19419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1952742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 19619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1972742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 1982742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 19919878SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 20019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2012742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 20219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 20319878SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2042742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 20530711SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 20619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 20719878SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 20819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 20919878SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 21030711SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 21143014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 21243543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 21358787SruRule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 214163302SruRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 215163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 216163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 217163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 218163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 219163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 220163302SruRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 221171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 222171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 223171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 224171948Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 225171948Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 226171948Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 227171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 228171948Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is first Thursday. 229171948SedwinRule Egypt 2007 max - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 23020094Swollman 2312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2322742SwollmanZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 23319878Swollman 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 2342742Swollman 2352742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 2362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2372742SwollmanZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 23830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 23930711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 2402742Swollman 2412742Swollman# Eritrea 2422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 243169811SwollmanZone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 244169811Swollman 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 24530711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 2462742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2472742Swollman 2482742Swollman# Ethiopia 249158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 250158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 251158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 25230711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 2532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2542742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 25530711Swollman 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 2562742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2572742Swollman 2582742Swollman# Gabon 2592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2602742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 26130711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 2622742Swollman 2632742Swollman# Gambia 2642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2652742SwollmanZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 26619878Swollman -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 26730711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1964 26830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2692742Swollman 2702742Swollman# Ghana 2712742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 272158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 273158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 27430711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 27530711SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 2762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2772742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 2782742Swollman 0:00 Ghana %s 2792742Swollman 2802742Swollman# Guinea 2812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2822742SwollmanZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 28330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 28430711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 28530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2862742Swollman 2872742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 2882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2892742SwollmanZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 29030711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1975 29130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 2922742Swollman 2932742Swollman# Kenya 2942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2952742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 2962742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 29730711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1940 29886222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 2992742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3002742Swollman 3012742Swollman# Lesotho 3022742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3032742SwollmanZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 30430711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 3052742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 30630711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 3072742Swollman 3082742Swollman# Liberia 309158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3102742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 31186222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 31214343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 313158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 314158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 315158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 316158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 3172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3182742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 3192742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 32019878Swollman -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 32130711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3222742Swollman 3232742Swollman############################################################################### 3242742Swollman 3252742Swollman# Libya 3262742Swollman 3272742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 32819878SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 3292742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 33019878SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 3312742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 33219878SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 3332742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 33419878SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3352742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 33619878SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 33719878SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 3382742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 33919878SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 340149514SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3422742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 34319878Swollman 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 3442742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 34558787Sru 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 346158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 34758787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 34858787Sru 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 34958787Sru 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 35058787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 35143014Swollman 2:00 - EET 3522742Swollman 3532742Swollman# Madagascar 3542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3552742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3562742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3572742Swollman 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3582742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3592742Swollman 3602742Swollman# Malawi 3612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3622742SwollmanZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 36330711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 3642742Swollman 3652742Swollman# Mali 3662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3672742SwollmanZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 36830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 36930711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 37030711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3712742Swollman 3722742Swollman# Mauritania 3732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3742742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 37530711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 37630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 37730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 3782742Swollman 3792742Swollman# Mauritius 3802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3812742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 38219878Swollman 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time 3832742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 3842742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 3852742Swollman 3862742Swollman# Mayotte 3872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 38814343SwollmanZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3892742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3902742Swollman 3912742Swollman# Morocco 39230711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 39320094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39419878SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 3952742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 39619878SwollmanRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 3972742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 39819878SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 3992742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 40019878SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 4012742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 40219878SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 4032742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 40419878SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 4052742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 4062742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 40719878SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 4082742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 4092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4102742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 41119878Swollman 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 41219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 4132742Swollman 0:00 - WET 41419878Swollman# Western Sahara 41519878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 41630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 41719878Swollman 0:00 - WET 4188029Swollman 4192742Swollman# Mozambique 4202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4212742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 42230711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 4232742Swollman 4242742Swollman# Namibia 425158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 426158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 427169811Swollman 428169811Swollman# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 429169811Swollman# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 430169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 431169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 432169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 433169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 434169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 435169811Swollman# of the country. 436169811Swollman# 437169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 438169811Swollman# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 439169811Swollman# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 440169811Swollman 44120094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 44220094SwollmanRule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 44320094SwollmanRule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 4442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4452742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 4462742Swollman 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 44730711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 4482742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 44930711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 45030711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 45130711Swollman 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 4522742Swollman 4532742Swollman# Niger 4542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45530711SwollmanZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 45630711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 45730711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1960 45830711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman# Nigeria 4612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4622742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 46330711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 4642742Swollman 4652742Swollman# Reunion 4662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 46714343SwollmanZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 46819878Swollman 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 46943014Swollman# 47043014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 47143014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from 47258787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 47358787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 47458787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories. 47543014Swollman# 47643014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited 47743014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 47843014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 47943014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 48043014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 4812742Swollman 4822742Swollman# Rwanda 4832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4842742SwollmanZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 48530711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 4862742Swollman 4872742Swollman# St Helena 4882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4892742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 49030711Swollman -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 4912742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 49214343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 49330711Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 49430711Swollman# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 49558787Sru# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 49658787Sru# on GMT, says the CIA 49730711Swollman# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 49814343Swollman 4992742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe 5002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5012742SwollmanZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 50219878Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 50330711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5042742Swollman 5052742Swollman# Senegal 5062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5072742SwollmanZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 50830711Swollman -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 50930711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5102742Swollman 5112742Swollman# Seychelles 5122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5132742SwollmanZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 51419878Swollman 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 51586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 51686222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 51786222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 51886222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 51986222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 52086222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 5212742Swollman 5222742Swollman# Sierra Leone 5232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 524158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 52530711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 52630711SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 52730711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 52830711SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 5292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5302742SwollmanZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 53119878Swollman -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 53230711Swollman -1:00 SL %s 1957 53330711Swollman 0:00 SL %s 5342742Swollman 5352742Swollman# Somalia 5362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5372742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 5382742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1931 53930711Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1957 5402742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5412742Swollman 5422742Swollman# South Africa 5432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 54430711SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 5452742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 5462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5472742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 54830711Swollman 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 54930711Swollman 2:00 SA SAST 55030711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is 55158787Sru# scientific station since 1947 5522742Swollman# no information 5532742Swollman 5542742Swollman# Sudan 55558787Sru# 55658787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 55758787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 55858787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 55958787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 56058787Sru# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 56158787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 56258787Sru# 5632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 56419878SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 56514343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 56619878SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 56719878SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 5682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5692742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 57058787Sru 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 57158787Sru 3:00 - EAT 5722742Swollman 5732742Swollman# Swaziland 5742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5752742SwollmanZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 57630711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 5772742Swollman 5782742Swollman# Tanzania 5792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5802742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 5812742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1948 58286222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 5832742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 5842742Swollman 5852742Swollman# Togo 5862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5872742SwollmanZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 58830711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5892742Swollman 5902742Swollman# Tunisia 591149514Swollman 592149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 593149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 594149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 595149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 596149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 597149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 598149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 599149514Swollman# Saturday." (My translation) 600149514Swollman# 601149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 602149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 603149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 604149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 605149514Swollman# 1h standard time. 606158421Swollman# 607158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 608158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 609158421Swollman# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 610158421Swollman# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 611158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 612149514Swollman 6132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 61419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 6152742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 61619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 6172742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 61819878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 6192742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 62019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 6212742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 62219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 6232742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 62419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 6252742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 6262742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 62719878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 6282742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 62919878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 6302742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 63119878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 63220094SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 63319878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 63419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 635149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 636149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 637158421SwollmanRule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 638158421SwollmanRule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 639158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 640158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 641158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 6422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6432742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 64414343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 64519878Swollman 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 6462742Swollman 6472742Swollman# Uganda 6482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6492742SwollmanZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 6502742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 6512742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 65286222Swollman 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 6532742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 6542742Swollman 6552742Swollman# Zambia 6562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6572742SwollmanZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 65830711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 6592742Swollman 6602742Swollman# Zimbabwe 6612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6622742SwollmanZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 66330711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 664