africa revision 149514
1149514Swollman# @(#)africa	7.39
267578Swollman
32742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
42742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
52742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
62742Swollman
7149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
82742Swollman#
92742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1058787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
1158787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
122742Swollman#
1386222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1620094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1820094Swollman#
1920094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
2020094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
2120094Swollman#
222742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
232742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
242742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
252742Swollman#
2614343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2758787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
2814343Swollman#
2930711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3030711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
31149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that
3230711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3330711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3430711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3530711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3630711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
372742Swollman#
3830711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
3930711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4030711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4130711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4230711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
432742Swollman#
4430711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4530711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4630711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4730711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
4930711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5030711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5130711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5230711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5330711Swollman# until we get more information.
542742Swollman#
5530711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5630711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5730711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5886222Swollman#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
5930711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
612742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6230711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
632742Swollman
642742Swollman# Algeria
652742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
672742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
6819878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
722742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
742742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
762742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
7719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
782742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
812742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
832742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
852742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
872742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
8814343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
892742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
902742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9114343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9219878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9319878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
942742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9519878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9619878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9719878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
9819878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
9919878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1002742Swollman
1012742Swollman# Angola
1022742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1032742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10486222Swollman			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
10530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1062742Swollman
1072742Swollman# Benin
1082742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
1092742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1102742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11130711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11230711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1132742Swollman
1142742Swollman# Botswana
1152742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1162742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
11730711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
11830711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
11930711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1202742Swollman
1212742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1232742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12430711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1252742Swollman
1262742Swollman# Burundi
1272742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1282742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
12930711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1302742Swollman
1312742Swollman# Cameroon
1322742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
1332742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1342742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1362742Swollman
1372742Swollman# Cape Verde
1382742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1392742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1402742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1412742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1422742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14319878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1442742Swollman
1452742Swollman# Central African Republic
1462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1472742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
14830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1492742Swollman
1502742Swollman# Chad
1512742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1522742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15430711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1562742Swollman
1572742Swollman# Comoros
1582742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1592742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1602742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1612742Swollman
16230711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16430711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
16630711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16730711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
16830711Swollman
16930711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17030711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1712742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17230711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1732742Swollman
1742742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1752742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1762742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
17730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1782742Swollman
1792742Swollman# Djibouti
1802742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1812742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1822742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1832742Swollman
1842742Swollman###############################################################################
1852742Swollman
1862742Swollman# Egypt
1872742Swollman
1882742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
18919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1902742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19119878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1922742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1942742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1952742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
19619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
19719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
1982742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2012742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20230711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20519878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
20730711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20843014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
20943543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
21058787SruRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
21143543SwollmanRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
21220094Swollman
2132742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2142742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
21519878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2162742Swollman
2172742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
22030711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
22130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2222742Swollman
2232742Swollman# Eritrea
2242742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2252742SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
22619878Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
22730711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2282742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2292742Swollman
2302742Swollman# Ethiopia
23130711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
23230711Swollman# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
23330711Swollman# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
23430711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2352742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2362742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
23730711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2382742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2392742Swollman
2402742Swollman# Gabon
2412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2422742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
24330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2442742Swollman
2452742Swollman# Gambia
2462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2472742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
24819878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
24930711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
25030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2512742Swollman
2522742Swollman# Ghana
2532742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2542742Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
25530711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
25630711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2572742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2582742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2592742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2602742Swollman
2612742Swollman# Guinea
2622742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2632742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
26430711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
26530711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
26630711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2672742Swollman
2682742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2692742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2702742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
27130711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
27230711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2732742Swollman
2742742Swollman# Kenya
2752742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2762742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
2772742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
27830711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
27986222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
2802742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2812742Swollman
2822742Swollman# Lesotho
2832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
28530711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
2862742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
28730711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
2882742Swollman
2892742Swollman# Liberia
290149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
2912742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
29286222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
29314343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
29414343Swollman# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
29514343Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
29614343Swollman# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
2972742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2982742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
2992742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
30019878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
30130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3022742Swollman
3032742Swollman###############################################################################
3042742Swollman
3052742Swollman# Libya
3062742Swollman
3072742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
30819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3092742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3112742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31219878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3132742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
31419878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3152742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
31619878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
31719878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3182742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
31919878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
320149514SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
3212742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3222742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
32319878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3242742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
32558787Sru			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
32658787Sru# The following entries are all from Shanks;
32758787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
32858787Sru			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
32958787Sru			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
33058787Sru			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
33143014Swollman			2:00	-	EET
3322742Swollman
3332742Swollman# Madagascar
3342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3352742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3362742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3372742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3382742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3392742Swollman
3402742Swollman# Malawi
3412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3422742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
34330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3442742Swollman
3452742Swollman# Mali
3462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3472742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
34830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
34930711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
35030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3512742Swollman
3522742Swollman# Mauritania
3532742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3542742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
35530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
35630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
35730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3582742Swollman
3592742Swollman# Mauritius
3602742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3612742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
36219878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3632742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3642742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3652742Swollman
3662742Swollman# Mayotte
3672742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
36814343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3692742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3702742Swollman
3712742Swollman# Morocco
37230711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
37320094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
37419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
3752742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
37619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
3772742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
37819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
3792742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
38019878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
3812742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
38219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
3832742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
38419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
3852742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
3862742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
38719878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
3882742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
3892742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3902742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
39119878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
39219878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
3932742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
39419878Swollman# Western Sahara
39519878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
39630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
39719878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
3988029Swollman
3992742Swollman# Mozambique
4002742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4012742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
40230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4032742Swollman
4042742Swollman# Namibia
40530711Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
40658787Sru# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
40720094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
40820094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
40920094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4102742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4112742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4122742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
41330711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4142742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
41530711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
41630711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
41730711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4182742Swollman
4192742Swollman# Niger
4202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
42130711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
42230711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
42330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
42430711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4252742Swollman
4262742Swollman# Nigeria
4272742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4282742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
42930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4302742Swollman
4312742Swollman# Reunion
4322742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
43314343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
43419878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
43543014Swollman#
43643014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
43743014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from
43858787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
43958787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
44058787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories.
44143014Swollman#
44243014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited
44343014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
44443014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
44543014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
44643014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
4472742Swollman
4482742Swollman# Rwanda
4492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4502742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
45130711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4522742Swollman
4532742Swollman# St Helena
4542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4552742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
45630711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
4572742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
45814343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
45930711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
46030711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
46158787Sru#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
46258787Sru#		on GMT, says the CIA
46330711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
46414343Swollman
4652742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
4662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4672742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
46819878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
46930711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4702742Swollman
4712742Swollman# Senegal
4722742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4732742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
47430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
47530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4762742Swollman
4772742Swollman# Seychelles
4782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4792742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
48019878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
48186222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
48286222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
48386222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
48486222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
48586222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
48686222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
4872742Swollman
4882742Swollman# Sierra Leone
4892742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
4902742Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
49130711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
49230711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
49330711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
49430711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
4952742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4962742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
49719878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
49830711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
49930711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5002742Swollman
5012742Swollman# Somalia
5022742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5032742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5042742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
50530711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5062742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5072742Swollman
5082742Swollman# South Africa
5092742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
51030711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5112742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5132742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
51430711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
51530711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
51630711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
51758787Sru# scientific station since 1947
5182742Swollman# no information
5192742Swollman
5202742Swollman# Sudan
52158787Sru#
52258787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
52358787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
52458787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
52558787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
52658787Sru# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
52758787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
52858787Sru#
5292742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
53019878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
53114343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
53219878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
53319878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5352742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
53658787Sru			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
53758787Sru			3:00	-	EAT
5382742Swollman
5392742Swollman# Swaziland
5402742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5412742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
54230711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5432742Swollman
5442742Swollman# Tanzania
5452742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5462742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5472742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
54886222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5492742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5502742Swollman
5512742Swollman# Togo
5522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
55430711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5552742Swollman
5562742Swollman# Tunisia
557149514Swollman
558149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
559149514Swollman#
560149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
561149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
562149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
563149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
564149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
565149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
566149514Swollman# Saturday."  (My translation)
567149514Swollman#
568149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
569149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
570149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
571149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
572149514Swollman# 1h standard time.
573149514Swollman
5742742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
57519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
5762742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
57719878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
5782742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
57919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
5802742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
58119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
5822742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
58319878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
5842742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
58519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
5862742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
5872742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
58819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
5892742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
59019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
5912742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
59219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
59320094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
59419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
59519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
596149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
597149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
59814343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
59914343Swollman# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
6002742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6012742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
60214343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
60319878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
6042742Swollman
6052742Swollman# Uganda
6062742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6072742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
6082742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
6092742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
61086222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
6112742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6122742Swollman
6132742Swollman# Zambia
6142742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6152742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
61630711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6172742Swollman
6182742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6192742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6202742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
62130711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
622