179543Sru.ig 2151497SruCopyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 3151497Sru Free Software Foundation, Inc. 475584Sru 575584SruPermission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 675584Sruthis manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 775584Sruare preserved on all copies. 875584Sru 975584SruPermission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 1075584Srumanual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the 1175584Sruentire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a 1275584Srupermission notice identical to this one. 1375584Sru 1475584SruPermission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this 1575584Srumanual into another language, under the above conditions for modified 1675584Sruversions, except that this permission notice may be included in 1775584Srutranslations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in 1875584Sruthe original English. 1975584Sru.. 20151497Sru. 21151497Sru. 2275584Sru.de TQ 23151497Sru. br 24151497Sru. ns 25151497Sru. TP \\$1 2675584Sru.. 27151497Sru. 28151497Sru. 2975584Sru.\" Like TP, but if specified indent is more than half 3075584Sru.\" the current line-length - indent, use the default indent. 3175584Sru.de Tp 32151497Sru. ie \\n(.$=0:((0\\$1)*2u>(\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu)) .TP 33151497Sru. el .TP "\\$1" 34151497Sru. 35151497Sru. 3675584Sru.. 3775584Sru.\" The BSD man macros can't handle " in arguments to font change macros, 3875584Sru.\" so use \(ts instead of ". 3975584Sru.tr \(ts" 40151497Sru. 41151497Sru. 4275584Sru.TH @G@REFER @MAN1EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@" 43151497Sru. 44151497Sru. 45151497Sru. 4675584Sru.SH NAME 4775584Sru@g@refer \- preprocess bibliographic references for groff 48151497Sru. 49151497Sru. 50151497Sru. 5175584Sru.SH SYNOPSIS 5275584Sru.nr a \n(.j 5375584Sru.ad l 5475584Sru.nr i \n(.i 5575584Sru.in +\w'\fB@g@refer 'u 5675584Sru.ti \niu 5775584Sru.B @g@refer 58151497Sru. 5975584Sru.de OP 60151497Sru. ie \\n(.$-1 .RI "[\ \fB\\$1\fP" "\\$2" "\ ]" 61151497Sru. el .RB "[\ " "\\$1" "\ ]" 6275584Sru.. 63151497Sru. 6475584Sru.OP \-benvCPRS 6575584Sru.OP \-a n 6675584Sru.OP \-c fields 6775584Sru.OP \-f n 6875584Sru.OP \-i fields 6975584Sru.OP \-k field 7075584Sru.OP \-l m,n 71151497Sru.OP \-p \%filename 7275584Sru.OP \-s fields 7375584Sru.OP \-t n 7475584Sru.OP \-B field.macro 75151497Sru.RI [\ \%filename \|.\|.\|.\ ] 7675584Sru.br 7775584Sru.ad \na 78151497Sru. 79151497Sru.LP 8075584SruIt is possible to have whitespace between a command line option and its 8175584Sruparameter. 82151497Sru. 83151497Sru. 84151497Sru. 8575584Sru.SH DESCRIPTION 8675584SruThis file documents the GNU version of 8775584Sru.BR refer , 8875584Sruwhich is part of the groff document formatting system. 8975584Sru.B refer 9075584Srucopies the contents of 91114402Sru.IR filename \|.\|.\|.\& 9275584Sruto the standard output, 9375584Sruexcept that lines between 9475584Sru.B .[ 9575584Sruand 96151497Sru.B .]\& 9775584Sruare interpreted as citations, 9875584Sruand lines between 9975584Sru.B .R1 10075584Sruand 10175584Sru.B .R2 10275584Sruare interpreted as commands about how citations are to be processed. 103151497Sru. 10475584Sru.LP 10575584SruEach citation specifies a reference. 10675584SruThe citation can specify a reference that is contained in 10775584Srua bibliographic database by giving a set of keywords 10875584Sruthat only that reference contains. 10975584SruAlternatively it can specify a reference by supplying a database 11075584Srurecord in the citation. 11175584SruA combination of these alternatives is also possible. 112151497Sru. 11375584Sru.LP 11475584SruFor each citation, 11575584Sru.B refer 11675584Srucan produce a mark in the text. 11775584SruThis mark consists of some label which can be separated from 11875584Sruthe text and from other labels in various ways. 11975584SruFor each reference it also outputs 12075584Sru.B groff 12175584Srucommands that can be used by a macro package to produce a formatted 12275584Srureference for each citation. 12375584SruThe output of 12475584Sru.B refer 12575584Srumust therefore be processed using a suitable macro package. 12675584SruThe 12775584Sru.B \-ms 12875584Sruand 12975584Sru.B \-me 13075584Srumacros are both suitable. 13175584SruThe commands to format a citation's reference can be output immediately after 13275584Sruthe citation, 13375584Sruor the references may be accumulated, 13475584Sruand the commands output at some later point. 13575584SruIf the references are accumulated, then multiple citations of the same 13675584Srureference will produce a single formatted reference. 137151497Sru. 13875584Sru.LP 13975584SruThe interpretation of lines between 14075584Sru.B .R1 14175584Sruand 14275584Sru.B .R2 143151497Sruas commands is a new feature of GNU 144151497Sru.BR refer . 14575584SruDocuments making use of this feature can still be processed by 14675584SruUnix refer just by adding the lines 147151497Sru. 14875584Sru.RS 14975584Sru.LP 15075584Sru.nf 15175584Sru.ft B 15275584Sru\&.de R1 15375584Sru\&.ig R2 15475584Sru\&.. 15575584Sru.ft 15675584Sru.fi 15775584Sru.RE 158151497Sru. 15975584Sruto the beginning of the document. 16075584SruThis will cause 16175584Sru.B troff 16275584Sruto ignore everything between 16375584Sru.B .R1 16475584Sruand 16575584Sru.BR .R2 . 16675584SruThe effect of some commands can also be achieved by options. 16775584SruThese options are supported mainly for compatibility with Unix refer. 16875584SruIt is usually more convenient to use commands. 169151497Sru. 17075584Sru.LP 17175584Sru.B refer 17275584Srugenerates 17375584Sru.B .lf 17475584Srulines so that filenames and line numbers in messages produced 17575584Sruby commands that read 17675584Sru.B refer 17775584Sruoutput will be correct; 17875584Sruit also interprets lines beginning with 17975584Sru.B .lf 18075584Sruso that filenames and line numbers in the messages and 18175584Sru.B .lf 18275584Srulines that it produces will be accurate even if the input has been 18375584Srupreprocessed by a command such as 18475584Sru.BR @g@soelim (@MAN1EXT@). 185151497Sru. 186151497Sru. 187151497Sru. 18875584Sru.SH OPTIONS 189151497Sru. 19075584Sru.LP 19175584SruMost options are equivalent to commands 19275584Sru(for a description of these commands see the 19375584Sru.B Commands 19475584Srusubsection): 195151497Sru. 196151497Sru.nr a \n(.j 197151497Sru.ad l 19875584Sru.TP 19975584Sru.B \-b 200151497Sru.B "no-label-in-text; no-label-in-reference" 201151497Sru. 20275584Sru.TP 20375584Sru.B \-e 20475584Sru.B accumulate 205151497Sru. 20675584Sru.TP 20775584Sru.B \-n 20875584Sru.B no-default-database 209151497Sru. 21075584Sru.TP 21175584Sru.B \-C 21275584Sru.B compatible 213151497Sru. 21475584Sru.TP 21575584Sru.B \-P 21675584Sru.B move-punctuation 217151497Sru. 21875584Sru.TP 21975584Sru.B \-S 22075584Sru.B 221151497Srulabel\ "(A.n|Q)\ ',\ '\ (D.y|D)"; \%bracket-label\ "\ ("\ )\ ";\ " 222151497Sru. 22375584Sru.TP 22475584Sru.BI \-a n 22575584Sru.B reverse 22675584Sru.BI A n 227151497Sru. 22875584Sru.TP 22975584Sru.BI \-c fields 23075584Sru.B capitalize 23175584Sru.I fields 232151497Sru. 23375584Sru.TP 23475584Sru.BI \-f n 23575584Sru.B label 23675584Sru.BI % n 237151497Sru. 23875584Sru.TP 23975584Sru.BI \-i fields 24075584Sru.B search-ignore 24175584Sru.I fields 242151497Sru. 24375584Sru.TP 24475584Sru.B \-k 24575584Sru.B label 24675584Sru.B L\(ti%a 247151497Sru. 24875584Sru.TP 24975584Sru.BI \-k field 25075584Sru.B label 25175584Sru.IB field \(ti%a 252151497Sru. 25375584Sru.TP 25475584Sru.B \-l 25575584Sru.B label 25675584Sru.BI A.nD.y%a 257151497Sru. 25875584Sru.TP 25975584Sru.BI \-l m 26075584Sru.B label 26175584Sru.BI A.n+ m D.y%a 262151497Sru. 26375584Sru.TP 26475584Sru.BI \-l, n 26575584Sru.B label 26675584Sru.BI A.nD.y\- n %a 267151497Sru. 26875584Sru.TP 26975584Sru.BI \-l m , n 27075584Sru.B label 27175584Sru.BI A.n+ m D.y\- n %a 272151497Sru. 27375584Sru.TP 27475584Sru.BI \-p filename 27575584Sru.B database 27675584Sru.I filename 277151497Sru. 27875584Sru.TP 27975584Sru.BI \-s spec 28075584Sru.B sort 28175584Sru.I spec 282151497Sru. 28375584Sru.TP 28475584Sru.BI \-t n 28575584Sru.B search-truncate 28675584Sru.I n 287151497Sru.ad \na 288151497Sru. 28975584Sru.LP 29075584SruThese options are equivalent to the following commands with the 29175584Sruaddition that the filenames specified on the command line are 29275584Sruprocessed as if they were arguments to the 29375584Sru.B bibliography 29475584Srucommand instead of in the normal way: 295151497Sru. 29675584Sru.TP 29775584Sru.B \-B 298151497Sru.B "annotate X AP; no-label-in-reference" 299151497Sru. 30075584Sru.TP 30175584Sru.BI \-B field . macro 30275584Sru.B annotate 30375584Sru.I field 30475584Sru.IB macro ; 30575584Sru.B no-label-in-reference 306151497Sru. 30775584Sru.LP 30875584SruThe following options have no equivalent commands: 309151497Sru. 31075584Sru.TP 31175584Sru.B \-v 31275584SruPrint the version number. 313151497Sru. 31475584Sru.TP 31575584Sru.B \-R 31675584SruDon't recognize lines beginning with 31775584Sru.BR .R1 / .R2 . 318151497Sru. 319151497Sru. 320151497Sru. 32175584Sru.SH USAGE 322151497Sru. 323151497Sru. 32475584Sru.SS Bibliographic databases 32575584SruThe bibliographic database is a text file consisting of records 32675584Sruseparated by one or more blank lines. 32775584SruWithin each record fields start with a 32875584Sru.B % 32975584Sruat the beginning of a line. 33075584SruEach field has a one character name that immediately follows the 33175584Sru.BR % . 33275584SruIt is best to use only upper and lower case letters for the names 33375584Sruof fields. 33475584SruThe name of the field should be followed by exactly one space, 33575584Sruand then by the contents of the field. 33675584SruEmpty fields are ignored. 33775584SruThe conventional meaning of each field is as follows: 338151497Sru. 33975584Sru.TP 34075584Sru.B A 34175584SruThe name of an author. 34275584SruIf the name contains a title such as 343151497Sru.B Jr.\& 34475584Sruat the end, 34575584Sruit should be separated from the last name by a comma. 34675584SruThere can be multiple occurrences of the 34775584Sru.B A 34875584Srufield. 34975584SruThe order is significant. 35075584SruIt is a good idea always to supply an 35175584Sru.B A 352151497Srufield or a 35375584Sru.B Q 35475584Srufield. 355151497Sru. 35675584Sru.TP 35775584Sru.B B 358114402SruFor an article that is part of a book, the title of the book. 359151497Sru. 36075584Sru.TP 36175584Sru.B C 36275584SruThe place (city) of publication. 363151497Sru. 36475584Sru.TP 36575584Sru.B D 36675584SruThe date of publication. 36775584SruThe year should be specified in full. 36875584SruIf the month is specified, the name rather than the number of the month 36975584Srushould be used, but only the first three letters are required. 37075584SruIt is a good idea always to supply a 37175584Sru.B D 37275584Srufield; 37375584Sruif the date is unknown, a value such as 37475584Sru.B in press 37575584Sruor 37675584Sru.B unknown 37775584Srucan be used. 378151497Sru. 37975584Sru.TP 38075584Sru.B E 38175584SruFor an article that is part of a book, the name of an editor of the book. 38275584SruWhere the work has editors and no authors, 38375584Sruthe names of the editors should be given as 38475584Sru.B A 38575584Srufields and 38675584Sru.B ,\ (ed) 38775584Sruor 38875584Sru.B ,\ (eds) 38975584Srushould be appended to the last author. 390151497Sru. 39175584Sru.TP 39275584Sru.B G 39375584SruUS Government ordering number. 394151497Sru. 39575584Sru.TP 39675584Sru.B I 39775584SruThe publisher (issuer). 398151497Sru. 39975584Sru.TP 40075584Sru.B J 40175584SruFor an article in a journal, the name of the journal. 402151497Sru. 40375584Sru.TP 40475584Sru.B K 40575584SruKeywords to be used for searching. 406151497Sru. 40775584Sru.TP 40875584Sru.B L 40975584SruLabel. 410151497Sru. 41175584Sru.TP 41275584Sru.B N 41375584SruJournal issue number. 414151497Sru. 41575584Sru.TP 41675584Sru.B O 41775584SruOther information. 41875584SruThis is usually printed at the end of the reference. 419151497Sru. 42075584Sru.TP 42175584Sru.B P 42275584SruPage number. 42375584SruA range of pages can be specified as 42475584Sru.IB m \- n\fR. 425151497Sru. 42675584Sru.TP 42775584Sru.B Q 42875584SruThe name of the author, if the author is not a person. 42975584SruThis will only be used if there are no 43075584Sru.B A 43175584Srufields. 43275584SruThere can only be one 43375584Sru.B Q 43475584Srufield. 435151497Sru. 43675584Sru.TP 43775584Sru.B R 43875584SruTechnical report number. 439151497Sru. 44075584Sru.TP 44175584Sru.B S 44275584SruSeries name. 443151497Sru. 44475584Sru.TP 44575584Sru.B T 44675584SruTitle. 44775584SruFor an article in a book or journal, 44875584Sruthis should be the title of the article. 449151497Sru. 45075584Sru.TP 45175584Sru.B V 45275584SruVolume number of the journal or book. 453151497Sru. 45475584Sru.TP 45575584Sru.B X 45675584SruAnnotation. 457151497Sru. 45875584Sru.LP 45975584SruFor all fields except 46075584Sru.B A 46175584Sruand 46275584Sru.BR E , 46375584Sruif there is more than one occurrence of a particular field in a record, 46475584Sruonly the last such field will be used. 465151497Sru. 46675584Sru.LP 46775584SruIf accent strings are used, they should follow the character to be accented. 46875584SruThis means that the 46975584Sru.B AM 47075584Srumacro must be used with the 47175584Sru.B \-ms 47275584Srumacros. 47375584SruAccent strings should not be quoted: 47475584Sruuse one 47575584Sru.B \e 47675584Srurather than two. 477151497Sru. 478151497Sru. 47975584Sru.SS Citations 48075584SruThe format of a citation is 481151497Sru. 48275584Sru.RS 48375584Sru.BI .[ opening-text 48475584Sru.br 485151497Sru.I "flags keywords" 48675584Sru.br 48775584Sru.I fields 48875584Sru.br 48975584Sru.BI .] closing-text 49075584Sru.RE 491151497Sru. 49275584Sru.LP 49375584SruThe 49475584Sru.IR opening-text , 49575584Sru.IR closing-text 49675584Sruand 49775584Sru.I flags 49875584Srucomponents are optional. 49975584SruOnly one of the 50075584Sru.I keywords 50175584Sruand 50275584Sru.I fields 50375584Srucomponents need be specified. 504151497Sru. 50575584Sru.LP 50675584SruThe 50775584Sru.I keywords 50875584Srucomponent says to search the bibliographic databases for a reference 50975584Sruthat contains all the words in 51075584Sru.IR keywords . 51175584SruIt is an error if more than one reference if found. 512151497Sru. 51375584Sru.LP 51475584SruThe 51575584Sru.I fields 51675584Srucomponents specifies additional fields to replace or supplement 51775584Sruthose specified in the reference. 51875584SruWhen references are being accumulated and the 51975584Sru.I keywords 52075584Srucomponent is non-empty, 52175584Sruthen additional fields should be specified only on the first 52275584Sruoccasion that a particular reference is cited, 52375584Sruand will apply to all citations of that reference. 524151497Sru. 52575584Sru.LP 52675584SruThe 52775584Sru.I opening-text 52875584Sruand 52975584Sru.I closing-text 53075584Srucomponent specifies strings to be used to bracket the label instead 53175584Sruof the strings specified in the 53275584Sru.B bracket-label 53375584Srucommand. 53475584SruIf either of these components is non-empty, 53575584Sruthe strings specified in the 53675584Sru.B bracket-label 53775584Srucommand will not be used; 53875584Sruthis behaviour can be altered using the 53975584Sru.B [ 54075584Sruand 54175584Sru.B ] 54275584Sruflags. 54375584SruNote that leading and trailing spaces are significant for these components. 544151497Sru. 54575584Sru.LP 54675584SruThe 54775584Sru.I flags 54875584Srucomponent is a list of 54975584Srunon-alphanumeric characters each of which modifies the treatment 55075584Sruof this particular citation. 55175584SruUnix refer will treat these flags as part of the keywords and 55275584Sruso will ignore them since they are non-alphanumeric. 55375584SruThe following flags are currently recognized: 554151497Sru. 55575584Sru.TP 55675584Sru.B # 55775584SruThis says to use the label specified by the 55875584Sru.B short-label 55975584Srucommand, 56075584Sruinstead of that specified by the 56175584Sru.B label 56275584Srucommand. 56375584SruIf no short label has been specified, the normal label will be used. 56475584SruTypically the short label is used with author-date labels 56575584Sruand consists of only the date and possibly a disambiguating letter; 56675584Sruthe 56775584Sru.B # 56875584Sruis supposed to be suggestive of a numeric type of label. 569151497Sru. 57075584Sru.TP 57175584Sru.B [ 57275584SruPrecede 57375584Sru.I opening-text 57475584Sruwith the first string specified in the 57575584Sru.B bracket-label 57675584Srucommand. 577151497Sru. 57875584Sru.TP 57975584Sru.B ] 58075584SruFollow 58175584Sru.I closing-text 58275584Sruwith the second string specified in the 58375584Sru.B bracket-label 58475584Srucommand. 585151497Sru. 58675584Sru.LP 58775584SruOne advantages of using the 58875584Sru.B [ 58975584Sruand 59075584Sru.B ] 59175584Sruflags rather than including the brackets in 59275584Sru.I opening-text 59375584Sruand 59475584Sru.I closing-text 59575584Sruis that 59675584Sruyou can change the style of bracket used in the document just by changing the 59775584Sru.B bracket-label 59875584Srucommand. 59975584SruAnother advantage is that sorting and merging of citations 60075584Sruwill not necessarily be inhibited if the flags are used. 601151497Sru. 60275584Sru.LP 60375584SruIf a label is to be inserted into the text, 60475584Sruit will be attached to the line preceding the 60575584Sru.B .[ 60675584Sruline. 60775584SruIf there is no such line, then an extra line will be inserted before the 60875584Sru.B .[ 60975584Sruline and a warning will be given. 610151497Sru. 61175584Sru.LP 61275584SruThere is no special notation for making a citation to multiple references. 61375584SruJust use a sequence of citations, one for each reference. 61475584SruDon't put anything between the citations. 61575584SruThe labels for all the citations will be attached to the line preceding 61675584Sruthe first citation. 61775584SruThe labels may also be sorted or merged. 61875584SruSee the description of the 61975584Sru.B <> 62075584Srulabel expression, and of the 62175584Sru.B sort-adjacent-labels 62275584Sruand 62375584Sru.B abbreviate-label-ranges 62475584Srucommand. 62575584SruA label will not be merged if its citation has a non-empty 62675584Sru.I opening-text 62775584Sruor 62875584Sru.IR closing-text . 62975584SruHowever, the labels for a citation using the 63075584Sru.B ] 63175584Sruflag and without any 63275584Sru.I closing-text 63375584Sruimmediately followed by a citation using the 63475584Sru.B [ 63575584Sruflag and without any 63675584Sru.I opening-text 63775584Srumay be sorted and merged 63875584Srueven though the first citation's 63975584Sru.I opening-text 64075584Sruor the second citation's 64175584Sru.I closing-text 64275584Sruis non-empty. 64375584Sru(If you wish to prevent this just make the first citation's 64475584Sru.I closing-text 64575584Sru.BR \e& .) 646151497Sru. 647151497Sru. 64875584Sru.SS Commands 64975584SruCommands are contained between lines starting with 65075584Sru.B .R1 65175584Sruand 65275584Sru.BR .R2 . 65375584SruRecognition of these lines can be prevented by the 65475584Sru.B \-R 65575584Sruoption. 65675584SruWhen a 65775584Sru.B .R1 65875584Sruline is recognized any accumulated references are flushed out. 65975584SruNeither 66075584Sru.B .R1 66175584Srunor 66275584Sru.B .R2 66375584Srulines, 66475584Srunor anything between them 66575584Sruis output. 666151497Sru. 66775584Sru.LP 668151497SruCommands are separated by newlines or 66975584Sru.BR ; s. 67075584Sru.B # 67175584Sruintroduces a comment that extends to the end of the line 67275584Sru(but does not conceal the newline). 67375584SruEach command is broken up into words. 67475584SruWords are separated by spaces or tabs. 67575584SruA word that begins with 67675584Sru.B \(ts 67775584Sruextends to the next 67875584Sru.B \(ts 67975584Sruthat is not followed by another 68075584Sru.BR \(ts . 68175584SruIf there is no such 68275584Sru.B \(ts 68375584Sruthe word extends to the end of the line. 68475584SruPairs of 68575584Sru.B \(ts 68675584Sruin a word beginning with 68775584Sru.B \(ts 68875584Srucollapse to a single 68975584Sru.BR \(ts . 69075584SruNeither 69175584Sru.B # 69275584Srunor 69375584Sru.B ; 69475584Sruare recognized inside 69575584Sru.BR \(ts s. 69675584SruA line can be continued by ending it with 69775584Sru.BR \e ; 69875584Sruthis works everywhere except after a 69975584Sru.BR # . 700151497Sru. 70175584Sru.LP 70275584Sru.ds n \fR* 70375584SruEach command 70475584Sru.I name 70575584Sruthat is marked with \*n has an associated negative command 70675584Sru.BI no- name 70775584Sruthat undoes the effect of 70875584Sru.IR name . 70975584SruFor example, the 71075584Sru.B no-sort 71175584Srucommand specifies that references should not be sorted. 71275584SruThe negative commands take no arguments. 713151497Sru. 71475584Sru.LP 71575584SruIn the following description each argument must be a single word; 71675584Sru.I field 71775584Sruis used for a single upper or lower case letter naming a field; 71875584Sru.I fields 71975584Sruis used for a sequence of such letters; 72075584Sru.I m 72175584Sruand 72275584Sru.I n 72375584Sruare used for a non-negative numbers; 72475584Sru.I string 72575584Sruis used for an arbitrary string; 72675584Sru.I filename 72775584Sruis used for the name of a file. 728151497Sru. 72975584Sru.Tp \w'\fBabbreviate-label-ranges'u+2n 73075584Sru.BI abbreviate\*n\ fields\ string1\ string2\ string3\ string4 73175584SruAbbreviate the first names of 73275584Sru.IR fields . 73375584SruAn initial letter will be separated from another initial letter by 73475584Sru.IR string1 , 73575584Srufrom the last name by 73675584Sru.IR string2 , 73775584Sruand from anything else 73875584Sru(such as a 73975584Sru.B von 74075584Sruor 74175584Sru.BR de ) 74275584Sruby 74375584Sru.IR string3 . 74475584SruThese default to a period followed by a space. 74575584SruIn a hyphenated first name, 74675584Sruthe initial of the first part of the name will be separated from the hyphen by 74775584Sru.IR string4 ; 74875584Sruthis defaults to a period. 74975584SruNo attempt is made to handle any ambiguities that might 75075584Sruresult from abbreviation. 75175584SruNames are abbreviated before sorting and before 75275584Srulabel construction. 753151497Sru. 75475584Sru.TP 75575584Sru.BI abbreviate-label-ranges\*n\ string 75675584SruThree or more adjacent labels that refer to consecutive references 75775584Sruwill be abbreviated to a label consisting 75875584Sruof the first label, followed by 75975584Sru.I string 76075584Srufollowed by the last label. 76175584SruThis is mainly useful with numeric labels. 76275584SruIf 76375584Sru.I string 76475584Sruis omitted it defaults to 76575584Sru.BR \- . 766151497Sru. 76775584Sru.TP 76875584Sru.B accumulate\*n 76975584SruAccumulate references instead of writing out each reference 77075584Sruas it is encountered. 77175584SruAccumulated references will be written out whenever a reference 77275584Sruof the form 773151497Sru. 77475584Sru.RS 77575584Sru.IP 77675584Sru.B .[ 77775584Sru.br 77875584Sru.B $LIST$ 77975584Sru.br 78075584Sru.B .] 781151497Sru. 78275584Sru.LP 78375584Sruis encountered, 78475584Sruafter all input files hve been processed, 78575584Sruand whenever 78675584Sru.B .R1 78775584Sruline is recognized. 78875584Sru.RE 789151497Sru. 79075584Sru.TP 79175584Sru.BI annotate\*n\ field\ string 79275584Sru.I field 79375584Sruis an annotation; 79475584Sruprint it at the end of the reference as a paragraph preceded by the line 795151497Sru. 79675584Sru.RS 79775584Sru.IP 79875584Sru.BI . string 799151497Sru. 80075584Sru.LP 80175584SruIf 80275584Sru.I macro 80375584Sruis omitted it will default to 80475584Sru.BR AP ; 80575584Sruif 80675584Sru.I field 80775584Sruis also omitted it will default to 80875584Sru.BR X . 80975584SruOnly one field can be an annotation. 81075584Sru.RE 811151497Sru. 81275584Sru.TP 813151497Sru.BI articles\ string \fR\|.\|.\|. 814151497Sru.IR string \|.\|.\|.\& 81575584Sruare definite or indefinite articles, and should be ignored at the beginning of 81675584Sru.B T 81775584Srufields when sorting. 81875584SruInitially, 81975584Sru.BR the , 82075584Sru.B a 82175584Sruand 82275584Sru.B an 823151497Sruare recognized as articles. 824151497Sru. 82575584Sru.TP 82675584Sru.BI bibliography\ filename \fR\|.\|.\|. 82775584SruWrite out all the references contained in the bibliographic databases 82875584Sru.IR filename \|.\|.\|. 829151497SruThis command should come last in a 830151497Sru.BR .R1 / .R2 831151497Srublock. 832151497Sru. 83375584Sru.TP 83475584Sru.BI bracket-label\ string1\ string2\ string3 83575584SruIn the text, bracket each label 83675584Sruwith 83775584Sru.I string1 83875584Sruand 83975584Sru.IR string2 . 84075584SruAn occurrence of 84175584Sru.I string2 84275584Sruimmediately followed by 84375584Sru.I string1 84475584Sruwill be turned into 84575584Sru.IR string3 . 84675584SruThe default behaviour is 847151497Sru. 84875584Sru.RS 84975584Sru.IP 85075584Sru.B 85175584Srubracket-label \e*([. \e*(.] ", " 85275584Sru.RE 853151497Sru. 85475584Sru.TP 85575584Sru.BI capitalize\ fields 85675584SruConvert 85775584Sru.I fields 85875584Sruto caps and small caps. 859151497Sru. 86075584Sru.TP 86175584Sru.B compatible\*n 86275584SruRecognize 86375584Sru.B .R1 86475584Sruand 86575584Sru.B .R2 86675584Srueven when followed by a character other than space or newline. 867151497Sru. 86875584Sru.TP 86975584Sru.BI database\ filename \fR\|.\|.\|. 87075584SruSearch the bibliographic databases 87175584Sru.IR filename \|.\|.\|. 87275584SruFor each 87375584Sru.I filename 87475584Sruif an index 87575584Sru.IB filename @INDEX_SUFFIX@ 87675584Srucreated by 87775584Sru.BR @g@indxbib (@MAN1EXT@) 87875584Sruexists, then it will be searched instead; 87975584Srueach index can cover multiple databases. 880151497Sru. 88175584Sru.TP 88275584Sru.BI date-as-label\*n\ string 88375584Sru.I string 88475584Sruis a label expression that specifies a string with which to replace the 88575584Sru.B D 88675584Srufield after constructing the label. 88775584SruSee the 88875584Sru.B "Label expressions" 88975584Srusubsection for a description of label expressions. 89075584SruThis command is useful if you do not want explicit labels in the 89175584Srureference list, but instead want to handle any necessary 89275584Srudisambiguation by qualifying the date in some way. 89375584SruThe label used in the text would typically be some combination of the 89475584Sruauthor and date. 89575584SruIn most cases you should also use the 89675584Sru.B no-label-in-reference 89775584Srucommand. 89875584SruFor example, 899151497Sru. 90075584Sru.RS 90175584Sru.IP 902151497Sru.B "date-as-label D.+yD.y%a*D.-y" 903151497Sru. 90475584Sru.LP 90575584Sruwould attach a disambiguating letter to the year part of the 90675584Sru.B D 90775584Srufield in the reference. 90875584Sru.RE 909151497Sru. 91075584Sru.TP 91175584Sru.B default-database\*n 91275584SruThe default database should be searched. 91375584SruThis is the default behaviour, so the negative version of 91475584Sruthis command is more useful. 915151497Sru.B refer 916151497Srudetermines whether the default database should be searched 91775584Sruon the first occasion that it needs to do a search. 91875584SruThus a 91975584Sru.B no-default-database 92075584Srucommand must be given before then, 92175584Sruin order to be effective. 922151497Sru. 92375584Sru.TP 92475584Sru.BI discard\*n\ fields 92575584SruWhen the reference is read, 92675584Sru.I fields 92775584Srushould be discarded; 92875584Sruno string definitions for 92975584Sru.I fields 93075584Sruwill be output. 93175584SruInitially, 93275584Sru.I fields 93375584Sruare 93475584Sru.BR XYZ . 935151497Sru. 93675584Sru.TP 93775584Sru.BI et-al\*n\ string\ m\ n 93875584SruControl use of 939151497Sru.B "et al" 94075584Sruin the evaluation of 94175584Sru.B @ 94275584Sruexpressions in label expressions. 94375584SruIf the number of authors needed to make the author sequence 94475584Sruunambiguous is 94575584Sru.I u 94675584Sruand the total number of authors is 94775584Sru.I t 94875584Sruthen the last 94975584Sru.IR t \|\-\| u 95075584Sruauthors will be replaced by 95175584Sru.I string 95275584Sruprovided that 95375584Sru.IR t \|\-\| u 95475584Sruis not less than 95575584Sru.I m 95675584Sruand 95775584Sru.I t 95875584Sruis not less than 95975584Sru.IR n . 96075584SruThe default behaviour is 961151497Sru. 96275584Sru.RS 96375584Sru.IP 96475584Sru.B 96575584Sruet-al " et al" 2 3 96675584Sru.RE 967151497Sru. 96875584Sru.TP 96975584Sru.BI include\ filename 97075584SruInclude 97175584Sru.I filename 97275584Sruand interpret the contents as commands. 973151497Sru. 97475584Sru.TP 97575584Sru.BI join-authors\ string1\ string2\ string3 97675584SruThis says how authors should be joined together. 97775584SruWhen there are exactly two authors, they will be joined with 97875584Sru.IR string1 . 97975584SruWhen there are more than two authors, all but the last two will 98075584Srube joined with 98175584Sru.IR string2 , 98275584Sruand the last two authors will be joined with 98375584Sru.IR string3 . 98475584SruIf 98575584Sru.I string3 98675584Sruis omitted, 98775584Sruit will default to 98875584Sru.IR string1 ; 98975584Sruif 99075584Sru.I string2 99175584Sruis also omitted it will also default to 99275584Sru.IR string1 . 99375584SruFor example, 994151497Sru. 99575584Sru.RS 99675584Sru.IP 99775584Sru.B 99875584Srujoin-authors " and " ", " ", and " 999151497Sru. 100075584Sru.LP 100175584Sruwill restore the default method for joining authors. 100275584Sru.RE 1003151497Sru. 100475584Sru.TP 100575584Sru.B label-in-reference\*n 100675584SruWhen outputting the reference, 100775584Srudefine the string 100875584Sru.B [F 100975584Sruto be the reference's label. 101075584SruThis is the default behaviour; so the negative version 101175584Sruof this command is more useful. 1012151497Sru. 101375584Sru.TP 101475584Sru.B label-in-text\*n 101575584SruFor each reference output a label in the text. 101675584SruThe label will be separated from the surrounding text as described in the 101775584Sru.B bracket-label 101875584Srucommand. 101975584SruThis is the default behaviour; so the negative version 102075584Sruof this command is more useful. 1021151497Sru. 102275584Sru.TP 102375584Sru.BI label\ string 102475584Sru.I string 102575584Sruis a label expression describing how to label each reference. 1026151497Sru. 102775584Sru.TP 102875584Sru.BI separate-label-second-parts\ string 102975584SruWhen merging two-part labels, separate the second part of the second 103075584Srulabel from the first label with 103175584Sru.IR string . 103275584SruSee the description of the 103375584Sru.B <> 103475584Srulabel expression. 1035151497Sru. 103675584Sru.TP 103775584Sru.B move-punctuation\*n 103875584SruIn the text, move any punctuation at the end of line past the label. 103975584SruIt is usually a good idea to give this command unless you are using 104075584Srusuperscripted numbers as labels. 1041151497Sru. 104275584Sru.TP 104375584Sru.BI reverse\*n\ string 104475584SruReverse the fields whose names 104575584Sruare in 104675584Sru.IR string . 104775584SruEach field name can be followed by a number which says 104875584Sruhow many such fields should be reversed. 104975584SruIf no number is given for a field, all such fields will be reversed. 1050151497Sru. 105175584Sru.TP 105275584Sru.BI search-ignore\*n\ fields 105375584SruWhile searching for keys in databases for which no index exists, 105475584Sruignore the contents of 105575584Sru.IR fields . 105675584SruInitially, fields 105775584Sru.B XYZ 105875584Sruare ignored. 1059151497Sru. 106075584Sru.TP 106175584Sru.BI search-truncate\*n\ n 106275584SruOnly require the first 106375584Sru.I n 106475584Srucharacters of keys to be given. 106575584SruIn effect when searching for a given key 106675584Sruwords in the database are truncated to the maximum of 106775584Sru.I n 106875584Sruand the length of the key. 106975584SruInitially 107075584Sru.I n 1071151497Sruis\ 6. 1072151497Sru. 107375584Sru.TP 107475584Sru.BI short-label\*n\ string 107575584Sru.I string 107675584Sruis a label expression that specifies an alternative (usually shorter) 107775584Srustyle of label. 107875584SruThis is used when the 107975584Sru.B # 108075584Sruflag is given in the citation. 108175584SruWhen using author-date style labels, the identity of the author 108275584Sruor authors is sometimes clear from the context, and so it 108375584Srumay be desirable to omit the author or authors from the label. 108475584SruThe 108575584Sru.B short-label 108675584Srucommand will typically be used to specify a label containing just 108775584Srua date and possibly a disambiguating letter. 1088151497Sru. 108975584Sru.TP 109075584Sru.BI sort\*n\ string 109175584SruSort references according to 109275584Sru.BR string . 109375584SruReferences will automatically be accumulated. 109475584Sru.I string 109575584Srushould be a list of field names, each followed by a number, 109675584Sruindicating how many fields with the name should be used for sorting. 109775584Sru.B + 109875584Srucan be used to indicate that all the fields with the name should be used. 1099151497SruAlso 1100151497Sru.B .\& 110175584Srucan be used to indicate the references should be sorted using the 110275584Sru(tentative) label. 110375584Sru(The 1104151497Sru.B "Label expressions" 110575584Srusubsection describes the concept of a tentative label.) 1106151497Sru. 110775584Sru.TP 110875584Sru.B sort-adjacent-labels\*n 110975584SruSort labels that are adjacent in the text according to their 111075584Sruposition in the reference list. 111175584SruThis command should usually be given if the 111275584Sru.B abbreviate-label-ranges 111375584Srucommand has been given, 111475584Sruor if the label expression contains a 111575584Sru.B <> 111675584Sruexpression. 111775584SruThis will have no effect unless references are being accumulated. 1118151497Sru. 1119151497Sru. 112075584Sru.SS Label expressions 1121151497Sru. 112275584Sru.LP 1123151497SruLabel expressions can be evaluated both normally and tentatively. 1124151497SruThe result of normal evaluation is used for output. 112575584SruThe result of tentative evaluation, called the 1126151497Sru.IR "tentative label" , 112775584Sruis used to gather the information 112875584Sruthat normal evaluation needs to disambiguate the label. 112975584SruLabel expressions specified by the 113075584Sru.B date-as-label 113175584Sruand 113275584Sru.B short-label 113375584Srucommands are not evaluated tentatively. 113475584SruNormal and tentative evaluation are the same for all types 113575584Sruof expression other than 113675584Sru.BR @ , 113775584Sru.BR * , 113875584Sruand 113975584Sru.B % 1140151497Sruexpressions. 114175584SruThe description below applies to normal evaluation, 1142151497Sruexcept where otherwise specified. 1143151497Sru. 114475584Sru.TP 114575584Sru.I field 114675584Sru.TQ 114775584Sru.I field\ n 114875584SruThe 114975584Sru.IR n -th 115075584Srupart of 1151151497Sru.IR field . 115275584SruIf 115375584Sru.I n 1154151497Sruis omitted, it defaults to\ 1. 1155151497Sru. 115675584Sru.TP 115775584Sru.BI ' string ' 115875584SruThe characters in 115975584Sru.I string 1160151497Sruliterally. 1161151497Sru. 116275584Sru.TP 116375584Sru.B @ 116475584SruAll the authors joined as specified by the 116575584Sru.B join-authors 116675584Srucommand. 116775584SruThe whole of each author's name will be used. 116875584SruHowever, if the references are sorted by author 116975584Sru(that is the sort specification starts with 117075584Sru.BR A+ ), 117175584Sruthen authors' last names will be used instead, provided that this does 117275584Srunot introduce ambiguity, 117375584Sruand also an initial subsequence of the authors may be used 117475584Sruinstead of all the authors, again provided that this does not 117575584Sruintroduce ambiguity. 117675584SruThe use of only the last name for the 117775584Sru.IR i -th 117875584Sruauthor of some reference 117975584Sruis considered to be ambiguous if 118075584Sruthere is some other reference, 118175584Srusuch that the first 118275584Sru.IR i \|-\|1 118375584Sruauthors of the references are the same, 118475584Sruthe 118575584Sru.IR i -th 118675584Sruauthors are not the same, 118775584Srubut the 118875584Sru.IR i -th 118975584Sruauthors' last names are the same. 119075584SruA proper initial subsequence of the sequence 119175584Sruof authors for some reference is considered to be ambiguous if there is 119275584Srua reference with some other sequence of authors which also has 119375584Sruthat subsequence as a proper initial subsequence. 119475584SruWhen an initial subsequence of authors is used, the remaining 119575584Sruauthors are replaced by the string specified by the 119675584Sru.B et-al 119775584Srucommand; 119875584Sruthis command may also specify additional requirements that must be 119975584Srumet before an initial subsequence can be used. 120075584Sru.B @ 120175584Srutentatively evaluates to a canonical representation of the authors, 120275584Srusuch that authors that compare equally for sorting purpose 120375584Sruwill have the same representation. 1204151497Sru. 120575584Sru.TP 120675584Sru.BI % n 120775584Sru.TQ 120875584Sru.B %a 120975584Sru.TQ 121075584Sru.B %A 121175584Sru.TQ 121275584Sru.B %i 121375584Sru.TQ 121475584Sru.B %I 121575584SruThe serial number of the reference formatted according to the character 121675584Srufollowing the 1217151497Sru.BR % . 1218151497SruThe serial number of a reference is\ 1 plus the number of earlier references 121975584Sruwith same tentative label as this reference. 122075584SruThese expressions tentatively evaluate to an empty string. 1221151497Sru. 122275584Sru.TP 122375584Sru.IB expr * 122475584SruIf there is another reference with the same tentative label as 122575584Sruthis reference, then 122675584Sru.IR expr , 122775584Sruotherwise an empty string. 122875584SruIt tentatively evaluates to an empty string. 1229151497Sru. 123075584Sru.TP 123175584Sru.IB expr + n 123275584Sru.TQ 123375584Sru.IB expr \- n 123475584SruThe first 123575584Sru.RB ( + ) 123675584Sruor last 123775584Sru.RB ( \- ) 123875584Sru.I n 123975584Sruupper or lower case letters or digits of 124075584Sru.IR expr . 124175584SruTroff special characters (such as 124275584Sru.BR \e('a ) 124375584Srucount as a single letter. 124475584SruAccent strings are retained but do not count towards the total. 1245151497Sru. 124675584Sru.TP 124775584Sru.IB expr .l 124875584Sru.I expr 1249151497Sruconverted to lowercase. 1250151497Sru. 125175584Sru.TP 125275584Sru.IB expr .u 125375584Sru.I expr 1254151497Sruconverted to uppercase. 1255151497Sru. 125675584Sru.TP 125775584Sru.IB expr .c 125875584Sru.I expr 1259151497Sruconverted to caps and small caps. 1260151497Sru. 126175584Sru.TP 126275584Sru.IB expr .r 126375584Sru.I expr 126475584Srureversed so that the last name is first. 1265151497Sru. 126675584Sru.TP 126775584Sru.IB expr .a 126875584Sru.I expr 126975584Sruwith first names abbreviated. 127075584SruNote that fields specified in the 127175584Sru.B abbreviate 127275584Srucommand are abbreviated before any labels are evaluated. 127375584SruThus 127475584Sru.B .a 127575584Sruis useful only when you want a field to be abbreviated in a label 127675584Srubut not in a reference. 1277151497Sru. 127875584Sru.TP 127975584Sru.IB expr .y 128075584SruThe year part of 1281151497Sru.IR expr . 1282151497Sru. 128375584Sru.TP 128475584Sru.IB expr .+y 128575584SruThe part of 128675584Sru.I expr 128775584Srubefore the year, or the whole of 128875584Sru.I expr 128975584Sruif it does not contain a year. 1290151497Sru. 129175584Sru.TP 129275584Sru.IB expr .\-y 129375584SruThe part of 129475584Sru.I expr 129575584Sruafter the year, or an empty string if 129675584Sru.I expr 129775584Srudoes not contain a year. 1298151497Sru. 129975584Sru.TP 130075584Sru.IB expr .n 130175584SruThe last name part of 1302151497Sru.IR expr . 1303151497Sru. 130475584Sru.TP 130575584Sru.IB expr1 \(ti expr2 130675584Sru.I expr1 130775584Sruexcept that if the last character of 130875584Sru.I expr1 130975584Sruis 131075584Sru.B \- 131175584Sruthen it will be replaced by 1312151497Sru.IR expr2 . 1313151497Sru. 131475584Sru.TP 131575584Sru.I expr1\ expr2 131675584SruThe concatenation of 131775584Sru.I expr1 131875584Sruand 1319151497Sru.IR expr2 . 1320151497Sru. 132175584Sru.TP 132275584Sru.IB expr1 | expr2 132375584SruIf 132475584Sru.I expr1 132575584Sruis non-empty then 132675584Sru.I expr1 132775584Sruotherwise 1328151497Sru.IR expr2 . 1329151497Sru. 133075584Sru.TP 133175584Sru.IB expr1 & expr2 133275584SruIf 133375584Sru.I expr1 133475584Sruis non-empty 133575584Sruthen 133675584Sru.I expr2 133775584Sruotherwise an empty string. 1338151497Sru. 133975584Sru.TP 134075584Sru.IB expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 134175584SruIf 134275584Sru.I expr1 134375584Sruis non-empty 134475584Sruthen 134575584Sru.I expr2 134675584Sruotherwise 1347151497Sru.IR expr3 . 1348151497Sru. 134975584Sru.TP 135075584Sru.BI < expr > 135175584SruThe label is in two parts, which are separated by 135275584Sru.IR expr . 135375584SruTwo adjacent two-part labels which have the same first part will be 135475584Srumerged by appending the second part of the second label onto the first 135575584Srulabel separated by the string specified in the 135675584Sru.B separate-label-second-parts 135775584Srucommand (initially, a comma followed by a space); the resulting label 135875584Sruwill also be a two-part label with the same first part as before 135975584Srumerging, and so additional labels can be merged into it. 136075584SruNote that it is permissible for the first part to be empty; 136175584Sruthis maybe desirable for expressions used in the 136275584Sru.B short-label 136375584Srucommand. 1364151497Sru. 136575584Sru.TP 136675584Sru.BI ( expr ) 136775584SruThe same as 136875584Sru.IR expr . 136975584SruUsed for grouping. 1370151497Sru. 137175584Sru.LP 137275584SruThe above expressions are listed in order of precedence 137375584Sru(highest first); 137475584Sru.B & 137575584Sruand 137675584Sru.B | 137775584Sruhave the same precedence. 1378151497Sru. 1379151497Sru. 138075584Sru.SS Macro interface 138175584SruEach reference starts with a call to the macro 138275584Sru.BR ]- . 138375584SruThe string 138475584Sru.B [F 138575584Sruwill be defined to be the label for this reference, 138675584Sruunless the 138775584Sru.B no-label-in-reference 138875584Srucommand has been given. 138975584SruThere then follows a series of string definitions, 139075584Sruone for each field: 139175584Srustring 139275584Sru.BI [ X 139375584Srucorresponds to field 139475584Sru.IR X . 139575584SruThe number register 139675584Sru.B [P 1397151497Sruis set to\ 1 if the 139875584Sru.B P 139975584Srufield contains a range of pages. 140075584SruThe 140175584Sru.BR [T , 140275584Sru.B [A 140375584Sruand 140475584Sru.B [O 1405151497Srunumber registers are set to\ 1 according as the 140675584Sru.BR T , 140775584Sru.B A 140875584Sruand 140975584Sru.B O 141075584Srufields end with one of the characters 141175584Sru.BR .?! . 141275584SruThe 141375584Sru.B [E 1414151497Srunumber register will be set to\ 1 if the 141575584Sru.B [E 141675584Srustring contains more than one name. 141775584SruThe reference is followed by a call to the 141875584Sru.B ][ 141975584Srumacro. 142075584SruThe first argument to this macro gives a number representing 142175584Sruthe type of the reference. 142275584SruIf a reference contains a 142375584Sru.B J 1424151497Srufield, it will be classified as type\ 1, 142575584Sruotherwise if it contains a 142675584Sru.B B 1427151497Srufield, it will type\ 3, 142875584Sruotherwise if it contains a 142975584Sru.B G 143075584Sruor 143175584Sru.B R 1432151497Srufield it will be type\ 4, 143375584Sruotherwise if contains a 143475584Sru.B I 1435151497Srufield it will be type\ 2, 1436151497Sruotherwise it will be type\ 0. 143775584SruThe second argument is a symbolic name for the type: 143875584Sru.BR other , 143975584Sru.BR journal-article , 144075584Sru.BR book , 144175584Sru.B article-in-book 144275584Sruor 144375584Sru.BR tech-report . 144475584SruGroups of references that have been accumulated 144575584Sruor are produced by the 144675584Sru.B bibliography 144775584Srucommand are preceded by a call to the 144875584Sru.B ]< 144975584Srumacro and followed by a call to the 145075584Sru.B ]> 145175584Srumacro. 1452151497Sru. 1453151497Sru. 1454151497Sru. 145575584Sru.SH FILES 1456151497Sru. 145775584Sru.Tp \w'\fB@DEFAULT_INDEX@'u+2n 145875584Sru.B @DEFAULT_INDEX@ 145975584SruDefault database. 1460151497Sru. 146175584Sru.TP 146275584Sru.IB file @INDEX_SUFFIX@ 146375584SruIndex files. 1464151497Sru. 1465151497Sru. 1466151497Sru. 1467114402Sru.SH ENVIRONMENT 1468151497Sru. 1469114402Sru.Tp \w'\fBREFER'u+2n 1470114402Sru.B REFER 1471114402SruIf set, overrides the default database. 1472151497Sru. 1473151497Sru. 1474151497Sru. 147575584Sru.SH "SEE ALSO" 147675584Sru.BR @g@indxbib (@MAN1EXT@), 147775584Sru.BR @g@lookbib (@MAN1EXT@), 147875584Sru.BR lkbib (@MAN1EXT@) 147975584Sru.br 1480151497Sru. 1481151497Sru. 1482151497Sru. 148375584Sru.SH BUGS 148475584SruIn label expressions, 148575584Sru.B <> 148675584Sruexpressions are ignored inside 148775584Sru.BI . char 148875584Sruexpressions. 148979543Sru. 149079543Sru.\" Local Variables: 149179543Sru.\" mode: nroff 149279543Sru.\" End: 1493