UPDATING revision 335670
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users. 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping 15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to 16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process 17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile. 18 1920180504: 20 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more 21 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as 22 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and 23 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only 24 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 25 2620180409: 27 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been 28 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with 29 the lacp and loadbalance protocols. 30 31 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf: 32 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1" 33 3420180331: 35 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 36 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 37 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 38 or higher. 39 4020180211: 41 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to 42 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed 43 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI. 44 4520180210: 46 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous 47 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options. 48 49 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the 50 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is 51 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software 52 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured. 53 5420180108: 55 lint(1) binaries and library are no longer built by default. To 56 enable building them, define WITH_LINT in src.conf. If you are using 57 a FreeBSD 12 or later system to build 11-stable, you may need to 58 install a lint(1) binary to use WITH_LINT. 59 6020171003: 61 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF 62 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously 63 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to 64 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the 65 desired kernel was never built in the first place. 66 6720170926: 68 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0. 69 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 70 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 71 7220170822: 73 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been 74 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322806, 75 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been 76 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. 77 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later 78 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem 79 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block 80 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in 81 forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it 82 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' 83 to which you should answer yes. 84 8520170518: 86 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default, 87 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be 88 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set 89 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin . 90 9120170529: 92 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend: 93 cfiscsi.ko does instead. 94 95 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded 96 via one of the following methods: 97 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5). 98 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5). 99 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support 100 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5)) 101 102 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details. 103 10420170511: 105 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. 106 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the 107 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was 108 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible 109 with mmc.ko). 110 11120170414: 112 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now 113 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail 114 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail. 115 11620170413: 117 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when 118 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with 119 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. 120 This allows keep state to specified without forcing keep frags 121 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. 122 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with 123 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 124 12520170402: 126 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. 127 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 128 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 129 13020170323: 131 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 132 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 133 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 134 change. 135 13620170319: 137 Many changes in the IPsec code have been merged from the FreeBSD-CURRENT 138 branch. The IPSEC_FILTERTUNNEL kernel option is removed in favour of 139 corresponding sysctl. The IPSEC_NAT_T kernel option is also removed, 140 and now NAT-T is supported by default. Security associations now use 141 the single namespace for SPI allocation, so if you use several manually 142 configured security associations with the same SPI, this configuration 143 needs modification. 144 14520161217: 146 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. 147 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 148 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 149 15020161124: 151 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. 152 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 153 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 154 15520161119: 156 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap 157 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools 158 that link against it need to be recompiled. 159 16020161030: 161 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, 162 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. 163 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using 164 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 165 16620161210: 167 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed 168 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is 169 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file 170 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 171 17220160622: 173 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with 174 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2) 175 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include 176 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the 177 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in 178 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their 179 kernel. 180 18120160527: 182 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers. 183 This will effect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using 184 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab 185 previously contained a line like 186 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should 187 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom 188 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should 189 generally be fine. 190 19120160523: 192 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and 193 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API. 194 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects 195 built with the old headers. 196 19720160520: 198 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64. 199 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these 200 functions and should be updated to the latest version before 201 installing a new libc. 202 20320160517: 204 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support 205 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system 206 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT. 207 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld 208 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New 209 packages will be needed. 210 211 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add 212 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build 213 and the install steps. 214 21520160510: 216 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to 217 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel 218 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode 219 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However, 220 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will 221 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. 222 22320160414: 224 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be 225 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the 226 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt 227 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data 228 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete: 229 230 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 231 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 232 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware 233 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares 234 o FCCT M500 all firmwares 235 236 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware 237 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for 238 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these 239 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given 240 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no 241 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above 242 vendors work. 243 244 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your 245 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting: 246 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2" 247 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the 248 quirks entry to 0x3. 249 25020160330: 251 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is 252 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has 253 been removed. See 20160311 for further details. 254 25520160317: 256 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All 257 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled. 258 25920160311: 260 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree 261 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the 262 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran 263 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before 264 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with 265 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should 266 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older 267 stale .depend files. 268 26920160306: 270 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into 271 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time, 272 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before 273 rebooting, e.g.: 274 275 make buildworld 276 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 277 make -C sys/boot install 278 <reboot in single user> 279 280 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section, 281 below. 282 28320160305: 284 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please 285 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 286 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 287 28820160301: 289 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The 290 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed. 291 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only 292 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable 293 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the 294 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value. 295 29620160226: 297 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the 298 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a 299 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The 300 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set 301 to obtain the GNU version if necessary. 302 30320160129: 304 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That 305 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks. 306 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will 307 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be 308 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1. 309 31020160119: 311 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are 312 still available in the security/openssh-portable port. 313 31420160113: 315 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required 316 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user 317 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 318 31920151216: 320 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a 321 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp 322 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the 323 other loaders. 324 32520151211: 326 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has 327 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel, 328 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced 329 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild 330 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or 331 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding. 332 33320151207: 334 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and 335 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but 336 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed 337 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes 338 in src.conf(5). 339 34020151130: 341 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and 342 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether. 343 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 344 34520151108: 346 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of 347 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old 348 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C". 349 350 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given 351 collation results will be different. 352 353 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient 354 locales before running make installworld. 355 356 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/* 357 35820151030: 359 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring 360 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled. 361 36220151020: 363 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0. 364 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and 365 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively. 366 36720151017: 368 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into 369 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and 370 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse 371 and 'make -N' will not. 372 37320151012: 374 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster 375 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now 376 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had 377 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may 378 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install". 379 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of 380 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using 381 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior. 382 38320151011: 384 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed. 385 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases 386 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.* 387 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links. 388 38920151006: 390 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0. 391 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 392 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 393 39420150924: 395 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/, 396 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements 397 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with 398 userland debug files. 399 400 When using the supported kernel installation method the 401 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old) 402 as is done with /boot/kernel. 403 404 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing 405 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5). 406 40720150827: 408 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent 409 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts 410 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old 411 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3) 412 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your 413 rc.d scripts in /etc. 414 41520150827: 416 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl' 417 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as 418 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 419 42020150817: 421 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use 422 them, the kernel must have 423 424 device random 425 options RANDOM_LOADABLE 426 427 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko 428 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect 429 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide, 430 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient. 431 432 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to 433 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway. 434 43520150813: 436 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 437 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by 438 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob. 439 44020150810: 441 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the 442 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS 443 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS 444 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse. 445 446 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the 447 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant 448 difference with this change. 449 450 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by 451 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to 452 remove that workaround. 453 45420150809: 455 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed 456 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have 457 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group 458 with: 459 460 # pw groupmod video -m $USER 461 46220150806: 463 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during 464 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and 465 loader.rc.local instead. 466 46720150805: 468 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size, 469 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob 470 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools. 471 47220150728: 473 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some 474 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than 475 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing). 476 477 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater 478 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations. 479 48020150706: 481 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0 482 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by 483 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead 484 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet 485 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for 486 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration 487 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must 488 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is 489 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like 490 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old 491 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or 492 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses. 493 49420150630: 495 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now 496 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow. 497 498 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config 499 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override 500 this default. You may choose *ONE* of: 501 502 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm. 503 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver. 504 505 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people, 506 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works 507 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant. 508 509 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed 510 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building 511 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading, 512 and it is assumed you know what you need. 513 514 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the 515 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member 516 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual 517 behaviour from your security subsystems. 518 519 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device 520 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and 521 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH. 522 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set 523 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3) 524 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND 525 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to 526 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this 527 will never happen. 528 52920150623: 530 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail 531 entry below has been been committed in revision 284717. 532 53320150616: 534 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is 535 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake. 536 53720150615: 538 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry 539 below has been been committed in revision 284436. The work 540 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the 541 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration 542 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file. 543 54420150614: 545 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from 546 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf 547 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work 548 with Kyuafile and kyua. 549 55020150614: 551 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl 552 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes 553 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior 554 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit 555 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around 556 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a 557 2048 bit DH parameter by: 558 559 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc 560 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or 561 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5', 562 replace it with '2'. 563 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to 564 a file path, create a new file with: 565 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048 566 4. Rebuild the .cf file: 567 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install 568 5. Restart sendmail: 569 cd /etc/mail/; make restart 570 571 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be 572 updated. 573 57420150604: 575 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default 576 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted 577 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new, 578 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD 579 5.x. 580 581 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details. 582 58320150525: 584 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the 585 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, 586 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 587 58820150521: 589 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update 590 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black, 591 and Pandaboard: 592 593 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the 594 same but content is different now 595 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank) 596 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old 597 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3. 598 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is 599 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0 600 60120150501: 602 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim. 603 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff 604 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff. 605 60620150423: 607 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as 608 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored. 609 61020150415: 611 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with 612 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards. 613 61420150416: 615 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding 616 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now 617 enforced in src.libnames.mk. 618 61920150324: 620 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers 621 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4). 622 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely, 623 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively. 624 62520150315: 626 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see 627 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 628 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 629 63020150307: 631 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent 632 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8) 633 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and 634 kernel before rebooting. 635 63620150217: 637 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014), 638 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately 639 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g. 640 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that 641 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random 642 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected. 643 64420150210: 645 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility 646 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work 647 with the new kernel. 648 64920150131: 650 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent 651 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8), 652 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting. 653 65420150118: 655 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix 656 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231 657 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you 658 are not already using 3.5.0. 659 66020150107: 661 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now 662 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They 663 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support. 664 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the 665 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information. 666 66720150105: 668 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control 669 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the 670 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration 671 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root. 672 67320150102: 674 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed. 675 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports. 676 67720141231: 678 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release. 679 680 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is 681 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to 682 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with 683 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler 684 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your 685 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or 686 later. 687 688 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and 689 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out 690 of the box. 691 692 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and 693 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be 694 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are 695 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++. 696 697 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow 698 the instructions for 9.x above. 699 700 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by 701 default, and do not build clang. 702 703 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to 704 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those 705 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround. 706 707 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which 708 the following are most likely to appear: 709 710 -Wabsolute-value 711 712 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++: 713 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned 714 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was 715 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are 716 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without 717 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit 718 cast, or disable the warning. 719 720 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called 721 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation. 722 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please 723 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted 724 side-effects. 725 726 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and 727 -Wundefined-bool-conversion 728 729 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while 730 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is 731 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this 732 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions. 733 734 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off 735 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result 736 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are 737 unreachable could be optimized away. 738 73920141222: 740 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER) 741 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some 742 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later. 743 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail. 744 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used, 745 the utilities will report errors. 746 74720141121: 748 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of 749 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent 750 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with 751 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent 752 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to 753 LOCAL_DIRS. 754 75520141109: 756 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith 757 has been obsolete for a very long time. 758 75920141104: 760 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings 761 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as 762 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video 763 drivers. 764 765 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf, 766 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will 767 indicate what you need to do. 768 769 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to 770 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information: 771 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons 772 773 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding 774 the following line to /boot/loader.conf: 775 kern.vty=sc 776 77720141102: 778 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite. 779 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to 780 execute it. 781 78220141009: 783 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures 784 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the 785 devel/gperf port. 786 78720140923: 788 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to 789 contrib/pjdfstest . 790 79120140922: 792 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted 793 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure 794 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports, 795 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are 796 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during 797 their next update cycle. 798 79920140729: 800 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when 801 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This 802 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from 803 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to 804 1.12.4_8 or newer. 805 80620140723: 807 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and 808 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH. 809 81020140719: 811 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address 812 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private 813 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run 814 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your 815 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the 816 new configuration. 817 81820140709: 819 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed 820 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install 821 them again. 822 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal 823 82420140708: 825 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is 826 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base 827 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The 828 devel/readline port is available for third party software that 829 requires readline. 830 83120140702: 832 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of 833 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the 834 architecture. 835 83620140701: 837 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from 838 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the 839 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full 840 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary. 841 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 842 84320140629: 844 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed 845 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning 846 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.) 847 84820140619: 849 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to 850 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm 851 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 852 85320140606: 854 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and 855 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of 856 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the 857 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private 858 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a 859 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test 860 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a 861 "make installworld". 862 863 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into 864 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the 865 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old" 866 is run. 867 868 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object 869 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures. 870 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced 871 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will 872 be removed during a clean upgrade. 873 87420140512: 875 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release. 876 87720140508: 878 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should 879 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to 880 ObsoleteFiles.inc). 881 88220140505: 883 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the 884 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old 885 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this 886 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf 887 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the 888 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual 889 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that. 890 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios, 891 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of 892 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld 893 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this 894 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree. 895 896 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk 897 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to 898 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk 899 as well. 900 90120140430: 902 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a 903 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 904 90520140424: 906 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls 907 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1) 908 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a 909 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for 910 build hosts for older releases. 911 912 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and 913 r276991, respectively. 914 91520140418: 916 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for 917 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds 918 will silently lack HESIOD. 919 92020140405: 921 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling 922 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented 923 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL 924 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make 925 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot. 926 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is 927 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal 928 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact. 929 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the 930 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to 931 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g: 932 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure 933 93420140306: 935 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default 936 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind 937 with command line option -W. 938 93920140226: 940 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream 941 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need 942 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps 943 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail 944 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler. 945 94620140216: 947 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release. 948 94920140216: 950 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver 951 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead. 952 95320140212: 954 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283. 955 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built 956 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility 957 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built 958 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled. 959 96020140204: 961 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum 962 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in 963 kernel is still highly recommended. 964 96520140131: 966 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as 967 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum 968 capability mode support in kernel. 969 97020140128: 971 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer 972 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for 973 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries 974 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled. 975 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006. 976 97720140110: 978 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile 979 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such 980 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during 981 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual 982 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN: 983 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f 984 98520131213: 986 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism 987 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string 988 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function. 989 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of 990 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will 991 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change. 992 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a 993 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402. 994 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004. 995 99620131108: 997 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality 998 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were 999 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you 1000 should change your settings to use the latter. 1001 100220131025: 1003 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from 1004 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary 1005 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding 1006 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the 1007 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree. 1008 100920131014: 1010 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private. 1011 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg 1012 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make 1013 delete-old-libs": 1014 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean 1015 or 1016 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml 1017 101820131010: 1019 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head 1020 revision r256279. 1021 102220131010: 1023 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8) 1024 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables 1025 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to 1026 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked. 1027 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some 1028 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details. 1029 1030 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration 1031 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate 1032 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without 1033 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the 1034 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by 1035 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables. 1036 1037 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at 1038 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name 1039 with an integer. 1040 104120130930: 1042 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need 1043 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound 1044 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are 1045 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example. 1046 1047 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base 1048 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are 1049 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can 1050 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port. 1051 105220130916: 1053 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now 1054 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 1055 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 1056 105720130911: 1058 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default 1059 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with 1060 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support 1061 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf. 1062 106320130906: 1064 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++) 1065 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system 1066 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX 1067 options in src.conf. 1068 106920130905: 1070 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel 1071 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work. 1072 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include 1073 'options PROCDESC'. 1074 107520130905: 1076 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified 1077 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs 1078 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the 1079 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is 1080 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl, 1081 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq. 1082 108320130903: 1084 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module 1085 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build 1086 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64. 1087 108820130821: 1089 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices. 1090 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be 1091 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG". 1092 109320130813: 1094 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now 1095 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default. 1096 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time 1097 compatibility. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way. 1098 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely 1099 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT. 1100 110120130806: 1102 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and 1103 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your 1104 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG 1105 explicitly. 1106 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS) 1107 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of 1108 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false 1109 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS 1110 can be used to achieve the previous behavior. 1111 111220130806: 1113 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead 1114 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional 1115 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8), 1116 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated 1117 to r253970 or later. 1118 111920130802: 1120 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments, 1121 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did 1122 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message 1123 would result: 1124 1125 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe 1126 1127 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented 1128 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing 1129 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the 1130 old as well as the new version of find. 1131 113220130726: 1133 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed. 1134 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs 1135 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by 1136 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs 1137 subdirectories must be reviewed. 1138 113920130716: 1140 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is 1141 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will 1142 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 1143 1144 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set. 1145 1146 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and 1147 users are advised to upgrade. 1148 114920130709: 1150 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it 1151 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5). 1152 115320130709: 1154 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able 1155 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking 1156 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.) 1157 115820130618: 1159 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write 1160 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space 1161 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had 1162 write access to that file. 1163 116420130615: 1165 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy 1166 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port. 1167 116820130613: 1169 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake: 1170 1171 make: illegal option -- J 1172 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable] 1173 ... 1174 *** [buildworld] Error code 2 1175 1176 this likely due to an old instance of make in 1177 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE}) 1178 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if 1179 you see the above error: 1180 1181 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH` 1182 1183 should resolve it. 1184 118520130516: 1186 Use bmake by default. 1187 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via 1188 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old 1189 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE. 1190 1191 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command 1192 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the 1193 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer 1194 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent 1195 behavior in parallel build. 1196 119720130429: 1198 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files. 1199 120020130426: 1201 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because 1202 the IDEA patent expired. 1203 120420130426: 1205 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed 1206 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been 1207 enabled by default. 1208 120920130425: 1210 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX 1211 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in 1212 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as 1213 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where 1214 the install command does not support -l, you will need to 1215 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required. 1216 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster 1217 && make install). 1218 121920130404: 1220 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since 1221 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules 1222 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are 1223 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled 1224 and removed. 1225 122620130319: 1227 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2) 1228 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may 1229 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting 1230 binaries will not work on older kernels. 1231 123220130308: 1233 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further 1234 information, see the respective 20130304 entry). 1235 123620130304: 1237 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout, 1238 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions 1239 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced 1240 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild 1241 is requested. 1242 1243 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64, 1244 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE 1245 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE 1246 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0 1247 in /boot/loader.conf. 1248 124920130301: 1250 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64. 1251 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system 1252 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if 1253 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system 1254 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM. 1255 125620130208: 1257 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please 1258 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information. 1259 1260 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 1261 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 1262 126320130129: 1264 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed 1265 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch. 1266 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default, 1267 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild 1268 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set. 1269 127020130121: 1271 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build 1272 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL 1273 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the 1274 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs 1275 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or 1276 /etc/src.conf. 1277 127820130118: 1279 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an 1280 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the 1281 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line 1282 and the command line contained at least two files and a target 1283 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M 1284 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its 1285 use is expected to be extremely rare. 1286 128720121223: 1288 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS 1289 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics. 1290 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations. 1291 129220121222: 1293 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata. 1294 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters, 1295 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to 1296 be updated. 1297 129820121217: 1299 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To 1300 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps 1301 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf: 1302 1303 savecore_flags="" 1304 130520121201: 1306 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now 1307 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 1308 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 1309 131020121117: 1311 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now 1312 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via 1313 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope 1314 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application. 1315 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. 1316 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025. 1317 131820121105: 1319 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default. 1320 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang 1321 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++, 1322 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building 1323 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions 1324 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang 1325 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable 1326 branch point). 1327 132820121102: 1329 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its 1330 functionality now turned on by default. 1331 133220121023: 1333 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and 1334 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP. 1335 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write 1336 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes. 1337 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current 1338 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage. 1339 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under 1340 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal 1341 of the two kernel options. 1342 134320121023: 1344 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte 1345 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together 1346 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4), 1347 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4). 1348 134920121022: 1350 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The 1351 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be 1352 recompiled. 1353 135420121018: 1355 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from 1356 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs, 1357 portalfs, smbfs, xfs. 1358 135920121016: 1360 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following 1361 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel: 1362 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4), 1363 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4), 1364 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4). 1365 136620121015: 1367 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host 1368 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver). 1369 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you 1370 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead. 1371 137220121014: 1373 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system. 1374 137520121013: 1376 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed 1377 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious 1378 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT 1379 knob has also gone. 1380 138120121006: 1382 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet 1383 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled 1384 with new kernel. 1385 138620121001: 1387 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver 1388 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be 1389 recompiled to work with the new kernel. 1390 139120120913: 1392 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number 1393 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally. 1394 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if 1395 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the 1396 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel 1397 configurations. 1398 139920120908: 1400 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and 1401 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel. 1402 140320120828: 1404 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged 1405 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be 1406 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support 1407 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5) 1408 manual page. 1409 141020120727: 1411 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto- 1412 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these 1413 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 1414 141520120712: 1416 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring 1417 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are 1418 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. 1419 142020120712: 1421 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency 1422 with other variables: 1423 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered 1424 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered 1425 142620120628: 1427 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort 1428 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to 1429 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be 1430 installed as "bsdsort". 1431 143220120611: 1433 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD. 1434 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning 1435 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward 1436 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS 1437 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools 1438 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information 1439 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page. 1440 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 1441 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 1442 144320120417: 1444 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported 1445 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to 1446 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf, 1447 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the 1448 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details 1449 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL 1450 NAMESPACE section). 1451 145220120328: 1453 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb 1454 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is 1455 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party 1456 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian 1457 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine 1458 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in 1459 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine. 1460 146120120306: 1462 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported 1463 platforms. 1464 146520120229: 1466 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously 1467 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer, 1468 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect 1469 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect 1470 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the 1471 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to. 1472 147320120211: 1474 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored. 1475 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to 1476 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile 1477 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already 1478 comes from 20111215. 1479 148020120114: 1481 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All 1482 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a 1483 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either 1484 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port. 1485 1486 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d: 1487 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i 1488 148920120109: 1490 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts 1491 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running. 1492 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic 1493 tunable/sysctl. 1494 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic. 1495 149620111215: 1497 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration 1498 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format 1499 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages 1500 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently 1501 not supported anymore. 1502 1503 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User 1504 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8), 1505 need to be recompiled. 1506 150720111122: 1508 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to 1509 /dev/wmistat0. 1510 151120111108: 1512 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to 1513 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems. 1514 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present 1515 time. 1516 151720111101: 1518 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64, 1519 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files. 1520 152120110930: 1522 sysinstall has been removed 1523 152420110923: 1525 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 1526 RELENG_9 branch in CVS. 1527 1528COMMON ITEMS: 1529 1530 General Notes 1531 ------------- 1532 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1533 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1534 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1535 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1536 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1537 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1538 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1539 1540 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1541 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1542 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1543 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1544 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1545 1546 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1547 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1548 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1549 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1550 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1551 1552 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 1553 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 1554 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 1555 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 1556 1557 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes 1558 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. 1559 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be 1560 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check 1561 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries 1562 should write them with this in mind. 1563 1564 ZFS notes 1565 --------- 1566 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1567 these two steps: 1568 1569 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1570 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1571 1572 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1573 1574 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1575 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: 1576 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0" 1577 1578 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1579 1580 To build a kernel 1581 ----------------- 1582 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1583 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1584 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1585 1586 make kernel-toolchain 1587 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1588 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1589 1590 To test a kernel once 1591 --------------------- 1592 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1593 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1594 debugging information) run 1595 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1596 nextboot -k testkernel 1597 1598 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1599 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1600 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1601 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1602 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1603 1604 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1605 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1606 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1607 make depend 1608 make 1609 make install 1610 1611 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1612 1613 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1614 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1615 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1616 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1617 1618 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1619 make buildworld 1620 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1621 [1] 1622 <reboot in single user> [3] 1623 mergemaster -Fp [5] 1624 make installworld 1625 mergemaster -Fi [4] 1626 make delete-old [6] 1627 <reboot> 1628 1629 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1630 -------------------------------------------------- 1631 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1632 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1633 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1634 # size. 1635 1636 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1637 <boot into -stable> 1638 make buildworld 1639 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1640 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1641 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1642 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC 1643 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1644 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1645 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1646 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1647 <reboot into current> 1648 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1649 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1650 <reboot> 1651 1652 1653 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 1654 ---------------------------------------------- 1655 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1656 make buildworld [9] 1657 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1658 [1] 1659 <reboot in single user> [3] 1660 mergemaster -Fp [5] 1661 make installworld 1662 mergemaster -Fi [4] 1663 make delete-old [6] 1664 <reboot> 1665 1666 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1667 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1668 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1669 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1670 the UPDATING entries. 1671 1672 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1673 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1674 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1675 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1676 much fewer pitfalls. 1677 1678 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1679 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1680 system on reboot. 1681 1682 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1683 fsck -p 1684 mount -u / 1685 mount -a 1686 cd src 1687 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1688 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1689 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1690 1691 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1692 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1693 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1694 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1695 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1696 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1697 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1698 1699 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1700 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1701 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1702 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1703 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1704 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430. 1705 1706 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1707 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1708 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1709 1710 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1711 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1712 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1713 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1714 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1715 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1716 1717 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1718 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1719 1720 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1721 cvs prune empty directories. 1722 1723 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1724 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1725 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1726 1727 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1728 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1729 warn if it is improperly defined. 1730FORMAT: 1731 1732This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1733breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 1734list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. 1735If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 1736to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 1737 1738Copyright information: 1739 1740Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1741 1742Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1743modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1744document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1745 1746THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1747IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1748WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1749DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1750INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1751(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1752SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1753HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1754STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1755IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1756POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1757 1758Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1759this document. 1760 1761$FreeBSD: stable/11/UPDATING 335670 2018-06-26 16:16:08Z gjb $ 1762