australasia revision 331986
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270817SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270817SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270817SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270817SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270817SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270817SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270817SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270817SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270817SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270817SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270817SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270817SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270817SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270817Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270817Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47325322Sgordon 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 48325322Sgordon 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 63309577Sglebius# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64309577Sglebius# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65309577Sglebius# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66309577Sglebius# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67309577Sglebius# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68309577Sglebius# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69309577Sglebius# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70309577Sglebius# 7120094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72270817SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73270817SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74270817SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75270817SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76270817SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77270817SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 782742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80270817Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 8120094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83270817Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84270817Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 852742Swollman 869908Swollman# South Australia 872742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88270817SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89270817SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90270817SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91270817SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92270817SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93270817SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94270817SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95270817SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96270817SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97270817SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98270817SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99270817SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100270817SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101270817SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102270817SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1042742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107270817Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1082742Swollman 1099908Swollman# Tasmania 110149514Swollman# 111149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114149514Swollman# 1152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116270817SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117270817SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118270817SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119270817SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120270817SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121270817SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122270817SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123270817SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124270817SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125270817SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126270817SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127270817SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128270817SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129270817SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130270817SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131270817SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132270817SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133270817SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134270817SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1362742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140270817Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 141149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145270817Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1462742Swollman 1479908Swollman# Victoria 1482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149270817SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270817SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151270817SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270817SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153270817SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154270817SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155270817SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156270817SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157270817SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158270817SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159270817SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160270817SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161270817SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162270817SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1642742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166270817Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1672742Swollman 1689908Swollman# New South Wales 1692742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170270817SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171270817SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172270817SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173270817SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174270817SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270817SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176270817SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177270817SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178270817SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179270817SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180270817SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181270817SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182270817SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183270817SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184270817SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185270817SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1872742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189270817Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1902742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191270817Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194270817Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195270817Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1968029Swollman 19714343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19814343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199331986SgordonRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 200331986SgordonRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201331986SgordonRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202331986SgordonRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 203331986SgordonRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 204331986SgordonRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205331986SgordonRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206331986SgordonRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 207331986SgordonRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 208331986SgordonRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 209331986SgordonRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 210331986SgordonRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 211331986SgordonRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 212331986SgordonRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2132742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214270817Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215325322Sgordon 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 216325322Sgordon 10:30 LH +1030/+11 2178029Swollman 21814343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2192742Swollman# 2202742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 22114343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 222169811Swollman# no times are set 2232742Swollman# 22414343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 22514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 226169811Swollman# no times are set 22714343Swollman# 22830711Swollman# Macquarie 229249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 230249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 231249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 232273719Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 233273719Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 234249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 235249692Sedwin# 236249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 237249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 238249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 239249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 240249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 241253009Sedwin# 242253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 243253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 244270817Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 245253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 246253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 247309577SglebiusZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 248273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 249270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 250273719Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 251309577Sglebius 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 252270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 253273719Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 254325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 2552742Swollman 25643014Swollman# Christmas 25743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 259325322Sgordon 7:00 - +07 2602742Swollman 261267477Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 262149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 263149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 266325322Sgordon 6:30 - +0630 2672742Swollman 268267477Sedwin 2692742Swollman# Fiji 270248307Sedwin 271248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 272248307Sedwin 273199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276199336Sedwin# 277199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280199336Sedwin 281199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 282199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 283199336Sedwin# amendments: 284199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 285204887Sedwin 286204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 287204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 288204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 289204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 290204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 291204887Sedwin# 292204887Sedwin# Official source: 293204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294204887Sedwin# 295204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 296325322Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 297204887Sedwin 298214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 299240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 300214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 301240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 302214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 303214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 305214722Sedwin 306226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 307240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 308226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 309226289Sedwin# 310270817Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 311226289Sedwin# which says 312240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 313240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 314226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 315226289Sedwin 316226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 317226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 318226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 319226976Sedwin# 320226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 321226976Sedwin# states: 322226976Sedwin# 323226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 324226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 325226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 326226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 327226976Sedwin 328240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 329240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 330240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 331240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 332240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 333257697Sedwin 334257697Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 335263046Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 336263046Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 337257697Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 338263046Sedwin 339263046Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 340263046Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 341263046Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 342263046Sedwin 343273719Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 344273719Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 345273719Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 346240457Sedwin 347290698Sedwin# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 348290698Sedwin# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 349290698Sedwin# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 350290698Sedwin# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 351290698Sedwin# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 352290698Sedwin# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 353290698Sedwin 354309577Sglebius# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 355309577Sglebius# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 356309577Sglebius# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 357309577Sglebius# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 358309577Sglebius# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 359309577Sglebius 360325322Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 361325322Sgordon# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 362325322Sgordon# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 363325322Sgordon# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 364325322Sgordon# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 365325322Sgordon# the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches 366290698Sedwin# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 367273719Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 368273719Sedwin 36943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 370331986SgordonRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 37175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 372331986SgordonRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 373204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 374331986SgordonRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 375214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 376263046SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 377273719SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 378331986SgordonRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 379325322SgordonRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 - 3802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381273719SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 382325322Sgordon 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 3832742Swollman 3842742Swollman# French Polynesia 3852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386273719SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 387325322Sgordon -9:00 - -09 3882742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 389325322Sgordon -9:30 - -0930 390273719SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 391325322Sgordon -10:00 - -10 39243014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 39343014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3942742Swollman 3952742Swollman# Guam 3962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39775267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 398273719Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 399273719Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 40075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 401280414SedwinLink Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 4022742Swollman 4032742Swollman# Kiribati 4042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405273719SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 406325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 4072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 408325322Sgordon -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 409331986Sgordon -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 410325322Sgordon 13:00 - +13 4112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 412325322Sgordon -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 413331986Sgordon -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 414325322Sgordon 14:00 - +14 4152742Swollman 41614343Swollman# N Mariana Is 417280414Sedwin# See Pacific/Guam. 41814343Swollman 41914343Swollman# Marshall Is 42014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 42114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 422325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 423325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 42414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 425325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 426325322Sgordon -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 427325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 42814343Swollman 42914343Swollman# Micronesia 43014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 432325322Sgordon 10:00 - +10 433273719SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 434325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 43514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 436325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 437325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 1999 438325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 43914343Swollman 4402742Swollman# Nauru 4412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442273719SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 443325322Sgordon 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 444325322Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 445325322Sgordon 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 446325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 4472742Swollman 4482742Swollman# New Caledonia 4492742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 450331986SgordonRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 45119878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 452331986SgordonRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 453158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 45443014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456270817SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 457325322Sgordon 11:00 NC +11/+12 4582742Swollman 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman############################################################################### 4612742Swollman 4622742Swollman# New Zealand 4632742Swollman 4642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 465121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 466121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 467121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 468121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 469121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 470121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 471121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 472331986Sgordon# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 473331986Sgordon# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 474331986Sgordon# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 475331986Sgordon# time to percolate out. 476114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 477331986SgordonRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 478114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 479331986SgordonRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 4809908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 481331986SgordonRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 482114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 483331986SgordonRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 484114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 485331986SgordonRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 486169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 487331986SgordonRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 488169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 489331986SgordonRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 490169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 491331986SgordonRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 492169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 493331986SgordonRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 4942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 496121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4972742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 498270817SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 499325322Sgordon 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 500325322Sgordon 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 5012742Swollman 502257697SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 5038029Swollman 50430711Swollman# Auckland Is 505270817Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 50658787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5072742Swollman 50830711Swollman# Campbell I 50958787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 51058787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 51158787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 51230711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 51330711Swollman 514267477Sedwin# Cook Is 515267477Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 516267477Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 517331986SgordonRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 518267477SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 519331986SgordonRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 520267477Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521273719SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 522325322Sgordon -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 523325322Sgordon -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 524267477Sedwin 5252742Swollman############################################################################### 5262742Swollman 5272742Swollman 5282742Swollman# Niue 5292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530273719SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 531325322Sgordon -11:20 - -1120 1951 532325322Sgordon -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 533325322Sgordon -11:00 - -11 5342742Swollman 5352742Swollman# Norfolk 5362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 537273719SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 538325322Sgordon 11:12 - +1112 1951 539325322Sgordon 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 540325322Sgordon 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 541325322Sgordon 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 542325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 5432742Swollman 54458787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5459908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546273719SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 547325322Sgordon 9:00 - +09 5489908Swollman 5492742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5512742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 552273719Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 553325322Sgordon 10:00 - +10 554273719Sedwin# 555273719Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 556273719Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 557273719Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 558273719Sedwin# 559309577Sglebius# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 560273719Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 561273719Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 562273719Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 563273719Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 564325322Sgordon# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 565273719Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 566273719Sedwin# 567309577Sglebius# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 568325322Sgordon# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 569325322Sgordon# See: 570273719Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 571273719Sedwin# 572273719SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 573273719Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 574325322Sgordon 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 575325322Sgordon 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 576325322Sgordon 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 577325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 5782742Swollman 5792742Swollman# Pitcairn 5802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 581273719SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 582325322Sgordon -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 583325322Sgordon -8:00 - -08 5842742Swollman 58514343Swollman# American Samoa 586325322SgordonZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 58714343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 588273719Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 589280414SedwinLink Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 59014343Swollman 591270817Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 592196582Sedwin 593204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 594204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 595204887Sedwin# the following info: 596197000Sedwin# 597204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 598204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 599204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 600204887Sedwin# 601204887Sedwin# Background info: 602325322Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 603198270Sedwin# 604204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 605204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 606204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 607198270Sedwin 608226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 609214722Sedwin# Please see 610214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 611214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 612214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 613214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 614214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 615214722Sedwin 616226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 617270817Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 618219687Sedwin# 619270817Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 620270817Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 621270817Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 622270817Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 623219687Sedwin 624270817Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 625226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 626240457Sedwin# 627226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 628226289Sedwin 629270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 630270817Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 631270817Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 632309577Sglebius# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 633270817Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 634270817Spluknet# accordingly. 635226289Sedwin 636226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 637226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 638226289Sedwin# 639226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 640226289Sedwin# 641226289Sedwin# DST 642270817Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 643270817Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 644270817Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 645226289Sedwin# 646226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 647226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 648226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 649233445Sedwin# 650270817Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 651241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 652270817Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 653241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 654241869Sedwin# 655270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 656270817Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 657270817Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 658241869Sedwin 659241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 660331986SgordonRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 661331986SgordonRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 662331986SgordonRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 663331986SgordonRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 664331986SgordonRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 665241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 666325322SgordonZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 66714343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 668325322Sgordon -11:30 - -1130 1950 669325322Sgordon -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 670325322Sgordon 13:00 WS +13/+14 67114343Swollman 6722742Swollman# Solomon Is 6732742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 675273719SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 676325322Sgordon 11:00 - +11 6772742Swollman 678325322Sgordon# Tokelau 679233445Sedwin# 680233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 681233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 682240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 683233445Sedwin# 684240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 685240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 686240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 687330568Sgordon# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 688330568Sgordon# actually was to UT-11 back then. 689233445Sedwin# 690240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 691240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 692240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 693325322Sgordon# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 694240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 695240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 696233445Sedwin 6972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6982742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 699325322Sgordon -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 700325322Sgordon 13:00 - +13 7012742Swollman 7022742Swollman# Tonga 70358787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 704331986SgordonRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 70575267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 706331986SgordonRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 707114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 708331986SgordonRule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 709325322SgordonRule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 7102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 712309577Sglebius 12:20 - +1220 1941 713309577Sglebius 13:00 - +13 1999 714309577Sglebius 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 7152742Swollman 7162742Swollman# Tuvalu 7172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7182742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 719325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 7202742Swollman 72143014Swollman 72243014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 72343014Swollman 72443014Swollman# Howland, Baker 725171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 726171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 727171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 728171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 729309577Sglebius# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 730171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 731171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 732171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 733171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 73443014Swollman 73543014Swollman# Jarvis 736171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 737171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 738171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 73943014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 74043014Swollman 74143014Swollman# Johnston 742257697Sedwin# 743325322Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 744263906Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 745263906Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 746325322Sgordon# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 747325322Sgordon# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 748263906Sedwin# 749257697Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 750257697Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 751257697Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 752257697Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 753257697Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 754257697Sedwin# 755263906Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 756263906Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 757263906Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 758263906Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 759263906Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 760263906Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 761263906Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 762273719Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 763325322Sgordon# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 764263906Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 765263906Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 766263906Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 76743014Swollman 76843014Swollman# Kingman 76943014Swollman# uninhabited 77043014Swollman 77143014Swollman# Midway 772280414Sedwin# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 77343014Swollman 77443014Swollman# Palmyra 77543014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 77643014Swollman 77743014Swollman# Wake 77843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 77943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 780325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 78143014Swollman 78243014Swollman 7832742Swollman# Vanuatu 7842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 785331986SgordonRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 78619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 787331986SgordonRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 788331986SgordonRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 78920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 790331986SgordonRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 7912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 792273719SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 793325322Sgordon 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 7942742Swollman 7952742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 798325322Sgordon 12:00 - +12 7992742Swollman 8002742Swollman############################################################################### 8012742Swollman 8022742Swollman# NOTES 8032742Swollman 804273719Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8052742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 806273719Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 807273719Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8082742Swollman 809325322Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 810274563Sedwin# 811274563Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 812158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 813158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 814274563Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 8152742Swollman# 816325322Sgordon# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 817325322Sgordon# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 81820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 81920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 820274563Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 821274563Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 82220094Swollman# 8232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8262742Swollman# 827248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 828273719Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 829325322Sgordon# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 830248307Sedwin# 8312742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 83258787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8332742Swollman# 834325322Sgordon# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 8352742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 836270817Spluknet# std dst 837270817Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 838270817Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 839270817Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 840270817Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 841325322Sgordon# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 842270817Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 843270817Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 844270817Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 845270817Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 846270817Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 8472742Swollman# 848270817Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 849270817Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8502742Swollman 8512742Swollman############################################################################### 8522742Swollman 8532742Swollman# Australia 8542742Swollman 855270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 856270817Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 857270817Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 858270817Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 859270817Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 860270817Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 861270817Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 862270817Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 863270817Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 864270817Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 865270817Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 866270817Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 867270817Spluknet 868153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 869153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 870273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 871270817Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 87258787Sru 873153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 874153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 875273719Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 876270817Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 877153670Swollman 87819878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 879270817Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 880270817Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 881270817Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8822742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8832742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8842742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8852742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 886270817Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8872742Swollman# time'. 8882742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 889270817Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 890270817Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8912742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8922742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 893270817Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8942742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8952742Swollman 896270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 89786222Swollman# 898270817Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 899270817Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 900270817Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 901270817Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 902270817Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 903270817Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 904270817Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 905270817Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 906270817Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 907270817Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 908270817Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 909270817Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 91086222Swollman# 911270817Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 912270817Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 913270817Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 914270817Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 915270817Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 916270817Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 917270817Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 918270817Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919270817Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 920270817Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 92186222Swollman# 922270817Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 923270817Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 92486222Swollman# 925270817Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 926270817Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 927270817Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 928270817Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 92986222Swollman# 930270817Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 931270817Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 93286222Swollman# 933270817Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 934270817Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 935270817Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 936270817Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 937270817Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 938270817Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 939270817Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 94086222Swollman# 941270817Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 942270817Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 943270817Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 944270817Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 945270817Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 946270817Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 947270817Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 948270817Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 949270817Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 950270817Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 951270817Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 952270817Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 953270817Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 954270817Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 95586222Swollman# 956270817Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 95786222Swollman# 958270817Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 959270817Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 960270817Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 961270817Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 96286222Swollman# 963270817Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 964270817Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 965270817Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 96686222Swollman# 967270817Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 968270817Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 969270817Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 97086222Swollman# 971270817Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 972270817Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 973270817Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 97486222Swollman# 975270817Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 976325322Sgordon# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 977270817Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 97886222Swollman# 979270817Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 980270817Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 981270817Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 982270817Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 983270817Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 984270817Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 98586222Swollman# 986270817Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 987270817Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 988270817Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 989270817Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 990270817Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 991270817Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 992270817Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 993270817Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 994270817Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 99586222Swollman 99614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 997158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 998149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9999908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 10009908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1001270817Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 100214343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 10032742Swollman 1004149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 100575267Swollman# 100643014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 100743014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 100843014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 100975267Swollman# 101043014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 101143014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1012325322Sgordon# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 101343014Swollman# ACT 101443014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1015325322Sgordon# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 101643014Swollman# SA 101743014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1018325322Sgordon# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 101943014Swollman 1020149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1021149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1022149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1023149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1024149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1025149514Swollman# 1026149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1027149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1028149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1029149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1030149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1031149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1032149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1033149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1034149514Swollman# allude to it. 1035149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1036270817Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1037149514Swollman 10389908Swollman# Northern Territory 10399908Swollman 104019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10412742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10422742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10432742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10442742Swollman# ... 10459908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10462742Swollman 104719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10482742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10492742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10502742Swollman 10519908Swollman# Western Australia 10522742Swollman 105319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10542742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10552742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10562742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10572742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10582742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10592742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10602742Swollman# ... 10612742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10622742Swollman# ... 10632742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10642742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10652742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10662742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10672742Swollman 106819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10692742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10702742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10712742Swollman 107219878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10732742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10742742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10752742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10762742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10772742Swollman# everybody again. 10782742Swollman 107919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10802742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10812742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10822742Swollman 108358787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1084273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1085270817Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 108658787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 108758787Sru 10889908Swollman# Queensland 1089331986Sgordon 1090331986Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1091331986Sgordon# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1092331986Sgordon# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1093331986Sgordon# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1094331986Sgordon# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1095331986Sgordon 109619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10972742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10982742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10992742Swollman# ... 11002742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 11012742Swollman# ... 11022742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11032742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 11042742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11052742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 11062742Swollman 110719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 11082742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 11092742Swollman# October 1989). 11102742Swollman 111119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11122742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11132742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11142742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11152742Swollman 111619878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11172742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11182742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11192742Swollman# me.) 11202742Swollman 112119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11222742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11232742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11242742Swollman# ... 11252742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11262742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11272742Swollman# ... 11282742Swollman 112919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11302742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11312742Swollman 1132169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1133270817Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1134169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1135273719Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1136169811Swollman 1137105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1138114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1139169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1140114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1141114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1142114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1143114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1144169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1145105196Swollman# 1146105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1147105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1148105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1149273719Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1150105196Swollman# 1151169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1152169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1153169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1154169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1155105196Swollman# 1156169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1157169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1158169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1159169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1160169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1161169811Swollman# 1162169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1163169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1164169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1165169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1166169811Swollman# 1167169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1168169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1169169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1170169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1171169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1172105196Swollman 1173169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1174169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1175169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1176169811Swollman 1177169811Swollman 1178171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11792742Swollman# 1180171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1181171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1182171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1183171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11842742Swollman 11852742Swollman 11869908Swollman# South Australia 11872742Swollman 118819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11892742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11902742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11912742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11922742Swollman 119319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11942742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11952742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11962742Swollman# ... 11972742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11982742Swollman# ... 11992742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12002742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1201158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 12022742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 12032742Swollman 120419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 12052742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 12062742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 12072742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 12082742Swollman 120919878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 12102742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 12112742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 12122742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 12132742Swollman# is on... 12142742Swollman 121519878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12162742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12172742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12182742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12192742Swollman 122019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12212742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12222742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12232742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12242742Swollman 1225149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12269908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12279908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12289908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12292742Swollman 1230171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1231171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1232171948Sedwin 12339908Swollman# Tasmania 12349908Swollman 123558787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 123658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12372742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12382742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12392742Swollman 124019878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12412742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12422742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12432742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12442742Swollman 124558787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 124658787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 124758787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 124858787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 124958787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 125058787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 125158787Sru 125264499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 125364499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 125464499Swollman 1255171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1256171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1257171948Sedwin 12589908Swollman# Victoria 12592742Swollman 126058787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 126158787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12622742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12632742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12642742Swollman 126586222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 126686222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 126786222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 126886222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 126986222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 127086222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 127186222Swollman# 127286222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 127386222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 127486222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 127586222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 127686222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 127786222Swollman# expected time. 127886222Swollman# 127986222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 128086222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 128186222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 128286222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 128386222Swollman# 128486222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 128586222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 128686222Swollman 1287171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1288171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1289171948Sedwin 12909908Swollman# New South Wales 12912742Swollman 12922742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12932742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1294149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12952742Swollman# who notes: 12962742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1297270817Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12982742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12992742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 13002742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 13012742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 13022742Swollman 1303149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 130458787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1305273719Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1306273719Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1307273719Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 13082742Swollman 130958787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 131058787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 131158787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1312273719Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 131358787Sru# 131458787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 131558787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 131658787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1317273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1318270817Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 131958787Sru# 1320325322Sgordon# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1321270817Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1322273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 132358787Sru# 132458787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1325270817Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1326273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 132758787Sru# 132858787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 132958787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1330273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1331270817Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1332270817Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 133358787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 133458787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 133575267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1336270817Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 133758787Sru# 133858787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1339270817Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1340273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13412742Swollman 134243543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 134343543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 134458787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 134543543Swollman 134667578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 134775267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 134875267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 134967578Swollman 1350171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1351171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1352171948Sedwin 13539908Swollman# Yancowinna 13542742Swollman 135567578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1356270817Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13572742Swollman 135819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13592742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13602742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13612742Swollman# ... 136243014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13632742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13642742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13652742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13662742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13672742Swollman# # presently available. 13682742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13692742Swollman# ... 13702742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13712742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13722742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13732742Swollman 13749908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13752742Swollman 137619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1377153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13782742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13792742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13802742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13812742Swollman 138258787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 138358787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 138458787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 138558787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 138658787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 138758787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1388226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 138958787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 139058787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 139158787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 139214343Swollman 139375267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 139475267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 139575267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 139675267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 139775267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 139875267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 139958787Sru 1400158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1401158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1402158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 140367578Swollman 1404171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1405171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1406171948Sedwin 1407192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1408240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1409240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1410192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1411240457Sedwin# 1412192886Sedwin# From 1413192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1414240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1415192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1416240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1417192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1418240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1419240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1420192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1421240457Sedwin# 1422192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1423325322Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 14242742Swollman############################################################################### 14252742Swollman 142658787Sru# New Zealand 14272742Swollman 142819878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14292742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14302742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14312742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1432270817Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14332742Swollman 143419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14352742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14362742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1437153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14382742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14392742Swollman# ... 14402742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14412742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14422742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14432742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14442742Swollman# ... 14452742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14462742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14472742Swollman 144819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14492742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14502742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14512742Swollman 145214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1453158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1454149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 145514343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 145614343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 145714343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 145814343Swollman# 1459158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1460121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1461330568Sgordon# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1462158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1463121098Swollman# 1464121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1465121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1466121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 146714343Swollman 1468169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1469169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1470169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1471169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1472169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1473169811Swollman 1474270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1475270817Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1476273719Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1477325322Sgordon# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1478270817Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1479270817Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1480270817Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1481270817Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1482270817Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1483270817Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1484309577Sglebius# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1485270817Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1486270817Spluknet 14872742Swollman############################################################################### 14882742Swollman 148958787Sru 14902742Swollman# Fiji 14912742Swollman 149258787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 149358787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 149458787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14952742Swollman 149643543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 149743543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 149875267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 149943543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 150043543Swollman 150158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 150258787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 150358787Sru 1504253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1505253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1506270817Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1507253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1508253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1509253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 151043543Swollman 151175267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 151275267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 151358787Sru 151414343Swollman 151517200Swollman# Kiribati 151617200Swollman 151717200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 151817200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1519270817Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 152017200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 152117200Swollman 1522331986Sgordon# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1523331986Sgordon# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1524331986Sgordon# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1525331986Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1526331986Sgordon# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1527331986Sgordon# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 152858787Sru 15292742Swollman# Kwajalein 15302742Swollman 15312742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15322742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 153319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15342742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15352742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15362742Swollman 153758787Sru 153814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15392742Swollman 1540270817Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1541270817Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15422742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 154375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 154475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 154514343Swollman 1546309577Sglebius# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 154775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 154875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 154975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 155058787Sru 155175267Swollman 155217200Swollman# Micronesia 155317200Swollman 1554149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1555270817Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1556270817Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 155717200Swollman# 1558309577Sglebius# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1559158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 156017200Swollman 156158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 156258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1563270817Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1564273719Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1565309577Sglebius# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1566309577Sglebius# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 156758787Sru 156858787Sru 1569121098Swollman# Midway 1570121098Swollman 1571121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1572121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1573121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1574121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1575121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1576121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1577121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1578121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1579121098Swollman# 1580121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1581121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1582121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1583121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1584121098Swollman 1585290698Sedwin# Norfolk 1586121098Swollman 1587290698Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1588290698Sedwin# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1589290698Sedwin# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1590290698Sedwin# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1591290698Sedwin# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1592290698Sedwin 1593290698Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1594290698Sedwin# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1595290698Sedwin# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1596290698Sedwin# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1597290698Sedwin# other than in 1974/5. See: 1598325322Sgordon# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1599290698Sedwin 160058787Sru# Pitcairn 160158787Sru 160258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 160358787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 160458787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 160558787Sru# 160658787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 160758787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 160858787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 160958787Sru# 161058787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 161158787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 161258787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 161358787Sru 161458787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 161558787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 161658787Sru# ... at midnight. 161758787Sru 161858787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 161958787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1620331986Sgordon# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be �� hour different from us here in 162158787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 162258787Sru 162358787Sru 1624270817Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 162514343Swollman 1626325322Sgordon# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1627325322Sgordon# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1628270817Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1629270817Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1630270817Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1631325322Sgordon# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1632325322Sgordon# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 163317200Swollman 1634309577Sglebius# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1635309577Sglebius# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1636270817Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1637270817Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1638309577Sglebius# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1639270817Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1640270817Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1641270817Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 164258787Sru 1643325322Sgordon 164417200Swollman# Tonga 164517200Swollman 164617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1647270817Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1648270817Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 164917200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 165058787Sru 165158787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1652273719Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1653273719Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1654273719Sedwin# 165558787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 165658787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 165758787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 165858787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1659331986Sgordon# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13�� 166058787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 166158787Sru# 1662270817Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1663270817Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 166458787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 166558787Sru# 166658787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 166758787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 166858787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 166958787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 167058787Sru# 167158787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 167258787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 167358787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 167458787Sru 1675158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1676158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 167758787Sru 167858787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1679253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 168058787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 168158787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 168258787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 168358787Sru# Government. 168458787Sru 1685149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 168658787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 168775267Swollman# 1688149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 168958787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 169075267Swollman# 169158787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 169258787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 169358787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 169458787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 169558787Sru 1696149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1697270817Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 169875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 169975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 170075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 170175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 170258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 170358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 170458787Sru 170558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 170658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 170758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 170858787Sru 170975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 171075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 171175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 171275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 171375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 171475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1715270817Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 171658787Sru 171775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 171875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 171975267Swollman 172093799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 172193799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 172293799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 172393799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 172493799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 172586222Swollman 1726309577Sglebius# From Pulu ��Anau (2002-11-05): 1727114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 172886222Swollman 1729309577Sglebius# From Pulu ��Anau (2016-10-27): 1730309577Sglebius# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1731309577Sglebius# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1732309577Sglebius# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1733309577Sglebius# 1734309577Sglebius# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1735309577Sglebius# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1736309577Sglebius# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1737121098Swollman 1738325322Sgordon# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1739325322Sgordon# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1740325322Sgordon# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1741325322Sgordon# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1742325322Sgordon# 1743325322Sgordon# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1744325322Sgordon# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1745325322Sgordon 1746325322Sgordon 1747121098Swollman# Wake 1748121098Swollman 1749121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1750121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1751121098Swollman# 1752270817Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1753121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1754121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1755121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1756121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1757121098Swollman# impossible. 1758121098Swollman# 1759325322Sgordon# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1760121098Swollman 1761121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1762121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1763121098Swollman 176458787Sru############################################################################### 176558787Sru 176658787Sru# The International Date Line 176758787Sru 176858787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 176975267Swollman# 177058787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 177158787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 177258787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 177358787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 177458787Sru# 177558787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 177658787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 177758787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 177858787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 177958787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 178058787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1781153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 178258787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 178358787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 178458787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 178558787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1786149514Swollman 1787325322Sgordon# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1788153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1789153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1790153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1791153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1792153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1793153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1794153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1795153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1796153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1797270817Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1798153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1799153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1800153670Swollman 1801149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1802149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1803149514Swollman# 1804149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1805273719Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1806149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1807149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1808