australasia revision 274563
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15270817SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16270817SpluknetRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19270817SpluknetRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20270817SpluknetRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21270817SpluknetRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34270817SpluknetRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35270817SpluknetRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36270817SpluknetRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37270817SpluknetRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38270817SpluknetRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39270817SpluknetRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40270817SpluknetRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41270817SpluknetRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42270817SpluknetRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44270817Spluknet 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45270817Spluknet 8:00 AW AW%sT 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47270817Spluknet 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48270817Spluknet 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 6320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64270817SpluknetRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65270817SpluknetRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66270817SpluknetRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67270817SpluknetRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68270817SpluknetRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69270817SpluknetRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 702742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72270817Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 7320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75270817Spluknet 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76270817Spluknet 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 772742Swollman 789908Swollman# South Australia 792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80270817SpluknetRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81270817SpluknetRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82270817SpluknetRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83270817SpluknetRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84270817SpluknetRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85270817SpluknetRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86270817SpluknetRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87270817SpluknetRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88270817SpluknetRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89270817SpluknetRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90270817SpluknetRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91270817SpluknetRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92270817SpluknetRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93270817SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94270817SpluknetRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 962742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99270817Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1002742Swollman 1019908Swollman# Tasmania 102149514Swollman# 103149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106149514Swollman# 1072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108270817SpluknetRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109270817SpluknetRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110270817SpluknetRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111270817SpluknetRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112270817SpluknetRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113270817SpluknetRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114270817SpluknetRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115270817SpluknetRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116270817SpluknetRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117270817SpluknetRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118270817SpluknetRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119270817SpluknetRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120270817SpluknetRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121270817SpluknetRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122270817SpluknetRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123270817SpluknetRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124270817SpluknetRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125270817SpluknetRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126270817SpluknetRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 1272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1282742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132270817Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 133149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137270817Spluknet 10:00 AT AE%sT 1382742Swollman 1399908Swollman# Victoria 1402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141270817SpluknetRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142270817SpluknetRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143270817SpluknetRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144270817SpluknetRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145270817SpluknetRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146270817SpluknetRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147270817SpluknetRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148270817SpluknetRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149270817SpluknetRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150270817SpluknetRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151270817SpluknetRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152270817SpluknetRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153270817SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154270817SpluknetRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1562742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158270817Spluknet 10:00 AV AE%sT 1592742Swollman 1609908Swollman# New South Wales 1612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162270817SpluknetRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163270817SpluknetRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164270817SpluknetRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165270817SpluknetRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166270817SpluknetRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167270817SpluknetRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168270817SpluknetRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169270817SpluknetRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170270817SpluknetRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171270817SpluknetRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172270817SpluknetRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173270817SpluknetRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174270817SpluknetRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175270817SpluknetRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176270817SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177270817SpluknetRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 1782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181270817Spluknet 10:00 AN AE%sT 1822742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183270817Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184270817Spluknet 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185270817Spluknet 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186270817Spluknet 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187270817Spluknet 9:30 AS AC%sT 1888029Swollman 18914343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19014343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191270817SpluknetRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192270817SpluknetRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193270817SpluknetRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194270817SpluknetRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195270817SpluknetRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196270817SpluknetRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197270817SpluknetRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198270817SpluknetRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199270817SpluknetRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200270817SpluknetRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201270817SpluknetRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202270817SpluknetRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203270817SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204270817SpluknetRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 2052742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206270817Spluknet 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207270817Spluknet 10:30 LH LH%sT 2088029Swollman 20914343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2102742Swollman# 2112742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21214343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213169811Swollman# no times are set 2142742Swollman# 21514343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21614343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217169811Swollman# no times are set 21814343Swollman# 21930711Swollman# Macquarie 220249692Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221249692Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222249692Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223273719Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224273719Sedwin# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225249692Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226249692Sedwin# 227249692Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228249692Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229249692Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230249692Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231249692Sedwin# on 4 April. 232253009Sedwin# 233253009Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234253009Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235270817Spluknet# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236253009Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237253009Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238249692SedwinZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239273719Sedwin 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240270817Spluknet 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241273719Sedwin 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242249692Sedwin 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243270817Spluknet 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244273719Sedwin 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245249692Sedwin 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 2462742Swollman 24743014Swollman# Christmas 24843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 25043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2512742Swollman 252267477Sedwin# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2582742Swollman 259267477Sedwin 2602742Swollman# Fiji 261248307Sedwin 262248307Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263248307Sedwin 264199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267199336Sedwin# 268199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271199336Sedwin 272199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274199336Sedwin# amendments: 275199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276204887Sedwin 277204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282204887Sedwin# 283204887Sedwin# Official source: 284204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285204887Sedwin# 286204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 287204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288204887Sedwin 289214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290240457Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292240457Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296214722Sedwin 297226289Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298240457Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299226289Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300226289Sedwin# 301270817Spluknet# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302226289Sedwin# which says 303240457Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304240457Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305226289Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 306226289Sedwin 307226976Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308226976Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309226976Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310226976Sedwin# 311226976Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312226976Sedwin# states: 313226976Sedwin# 314226976Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315226976Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316226976Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317226976Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318226976Sedwin 319240457Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320240457Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321240457Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322240457Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323240457Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324257697Sedwin 325257697Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326263046Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327263046Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328257697Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329263046Sedwin 330263046Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331263046Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332263046Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333263046Sedwin 334273719Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335273719Sedwin# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336273719Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337240457Sedwin 338273719Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 339273719Sedwin# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 340273719Sedwin# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 341273719Sedwin# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 342273719Sedwin# practice than guessing no DST. 343273719Sedwin 34443543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34575267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 34675267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 347199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 348204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 349273719SedwinRule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 350214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 351263046SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 352273719SedwinRule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 353273719SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 354273719SedwinRule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 3552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356273719SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 35743543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3582742Swollman 3592742Swollman# French Polynesia 3602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361273719SedwinZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 36219878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 36419878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 365273719SedwinZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 36619878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 36743014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 36843014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3692742Swollman 3702742Swollman# Guam 3712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 37275267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 373273719Sedwin 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 374273719Sedwin 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 37575267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3762742Swollman 3772742Swollman# Kiribati 3782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379273719SedwinZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 380273719Sedwin 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3812742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 38219878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 38319878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 38419878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 38619878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 38719878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 38819878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3892742Swollman 39014343Swollman# N Mariana Is 39114343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39275267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 39375267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 394273719Sedwin 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 39575267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 39675267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 39714343Swollman 39814343Swollman# Marshall Is 39914343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 40014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 40119878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 40219878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 40314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 40419878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 405273719Sedwin -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 40619878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 40714343Swollman 40814343Swollman# Micronesia 40914343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 411273719Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 412273719SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 413273719Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 41414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 415273719Sedwin 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 41658787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 41758787Sru 11:00 - KOST 41814343Swollman 4192742Swollman# Nauru 4202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421273719SedwinZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 422273719Sedwin 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 4232742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 42419878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 42519878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 4262742Swollman 4272742Swollman# New Caledonia 4282742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42919878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 43019878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 43143014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 432158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 43343014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435270817SpluknetZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a 4362742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4372742Swollman 4382742Swollman 4392742Swollman############################################################################### 4402742Swollman 4412742Swollman# New Zealand 4422742Swollman 4432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 444121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 445121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 446121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 447121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 448121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 449121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 450121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 451121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 452267477Sedwin# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 453267477Sedwin# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 454114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 455121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 456114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 457121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4589908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 459121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 460114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 461121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 462114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 463121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 464169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 465169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 466169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 467169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 468169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 469169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 470169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 471169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 474121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4752742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 476270817SpluknetZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 477270817Spluknet 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 478121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4792742Swollman 480257697SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 4818029Swollman 48230711Swollman# Auckland Is 483270817Spluknet# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 48458787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4852742Swollman 48630711Swollman# Campbell I 48758787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 48858787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 48958787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 49030711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 49130711Swollman 492267477Sedwin# Cook Is 493267477Sedwin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 494267477Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 495267477SedwinRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 496267477SedwinRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 497267477SedwinRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 498267477Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499273719SedwinZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 500273719Sedwin -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 501267477Sedwin -10:00 Cook CK%sT 502267477Sedwin 5032742Swollman############################################################################### 5042742Swollman 5052742Swollman 5062742Swollman# Niue 5072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508273719SedwinZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 509273719Sedwin -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 510273719Sedwin -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 51119878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 5122742Swollman 5132742Swollman# Norfolk 5142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515273719SedwinZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 516273719Sedwin 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 517273719Sedwin 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 5182742Swollman 51958787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5209908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521273719SedwinZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 52219878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 5239908Swollman 5242742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5262742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 527273719Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 528273719Sedwin 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 529273719Sedwin# 530273719Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 531273719Sedwin# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 532273719Sedwin# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 533273719Sedwin# 534273719Sedwin# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 535273719Sedwin# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 536273719Sedwin# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 537273719Sedwin# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 538273719Sedwin# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 539273719Sedwin# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 540273719Sedwin# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 541273719Sedwin# 542273719Sedwin# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 543273719Sedwin# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 544273719Sedwin# abbreviate this as BST. See: 545273719Sedwin# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 546273719Sedwin# 547273719SedwinZone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 548273719Sedwin 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 549273719Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 550273719Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 551273719Sedwin 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 552273719Sedwin 11:00 - BST 5532742Swollman 5542742Swollman# Pitcairn 5552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556273719SedwinZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 557273719Sedwin -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 55858787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 5592742Swollman 56014343Swollman# American Samoa 56114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 56214343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 563273719Sedwin -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 564273719Sedwin -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 565273719Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 56614343Swollman 567270817Spluknet# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 568196582Sedwin 569204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 570204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 571204887Sedwin# the following info: 572197000Sedwin# 573204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 574204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 575204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 576204887Sedwin# 577204887Sedwin# Background info: 578197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 579198270Sedwin# 580204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 581204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 582204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 583198270Sedwin 584226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 585214722Sedwin# Please see 586214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 587214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 588214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 589214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 590214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 591214722Sedwin 592226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 593270817Spluknet# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 594219687Sedwin# 595270817Spluknet# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 596270817Spluknet# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 597270817Spluknet# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 598270817Spluknet# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 599219687Sedwin 600270817Spluknet# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09): 601226289Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 602240457Sedwin# 603226289Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 604226289Sedwin 605270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 606270817Spluknet# The International Date Line Act 2011 607270817Spluknet# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 608270817Spluknet# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 609270817Spluknet# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 610270817Spluknet# accordingly. 611226289Sedwin 612226289Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 613226289Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614226289Sedwin# 615226289Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 616226289Sedwin# 617226289Sedwin# DST 618270817Spluknet# Year End Time Start Time 619270817Spluknet# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 620270817Spluknet# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 621226289Sedwin# 622226289Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 623226289Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 624226289Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 625233445Sedwin# 626270817Spluknet# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 627241869Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 628270817Spluknet# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 629241869Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 630241869Sedwin# 631270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 632270817Spluknet# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 633270817Spluknet# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 634241869Sedwin 635241869Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 636270817SpluknetRule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 637270817SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 638270817SpluknetRule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 639270817SpluknetRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 640241869SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 641241869Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 64214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 64314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 644270817Spluknet -11:30 - WSST 1950 645270817Spluknet -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 646241869Sedwin 13:00 WS WS%sT 64714343Swollman 6482742Swollman# Solomon Is 6492742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651273719SedwinZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 65219878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 6532742Swollman 6542742Swollman# Tokelau Is 655233445Sedwin# 656233445Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 657233445Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 658240457Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 659233445Sedwin# 660240457Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 661240457Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 662240457Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 663240457Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 664240457Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 665233445Sedwin# 666240457Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 667240457Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 668240457Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 669240457Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 670240457Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 671240457Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 672233445Sedwin 6732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6742742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 675273719Sedwin -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 676240457Sedwin 13:00 - TKT 6772742Swollman 6782742Swollman# Tonga 67958787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68075267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 68175267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 682114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 683114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 6842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 68658787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 68758787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 68858787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 6892742Swollman 6902742Swollman# Tuvalu 6912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6922742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 69319878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 6942742Swollman 69543014Swollman 69643014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 69743014Swollman 69843014Swollman# Howland, Baker 699171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 700171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 701171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 702171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 703257697Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 704171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 705171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 706171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 707171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 70843014Swollman 70943014Swollman# Jarvis 710171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 711171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 712171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 71343014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 71443014Swollman 71543014Swollman# Johnston 716257697Sedwin# 717263906Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 718263906Sedwin# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 719263906Sedwin# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 720263906Sedwin# treat it like Hawaii for now. 721263906Sedwin# 722257697Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 723257697Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 724257697Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 725257697Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 726257697Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 727257697Sedwin# 728263906Sedwin# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 729263906Sedwin# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 730263906Sedwin# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 731263906Sedwin# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 732263906Sedwin# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 733263906Sedwin# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 734263906Sedwin# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 735273719Sedwin# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 736273719Sedwin# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 737263906Sedwin# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 738263906Sedwin# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 739263906Sedwin# Minus One Hour". 740263906Sedwin# 741257697Sedwin# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 74243014Swollman 74343014Swollman# Kingman 74443014Swollman# uninhabited 74543014Swollman 74643014Swollman# Midway 747149514Swollman# 748149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 749149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 750149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 751273719Sedwin# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 752149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 753149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 754149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 755149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 756149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 757149514Swollman# 75843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 759121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 760121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 761273719Sedwin -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 762273719Sedwin -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 763273719Sedwin -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 76443014Swollman 76543014Swollman# Palmyra 76643014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 76743014Swollman 76843014Swollman# Wake 76943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 77043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 77143014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 77243014Swollman 77343014Swollman 7742742Swollman# Vanuatu 7752742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 77619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 77719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 77819878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 77920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 78020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 78120094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 7822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783273719SedwinZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 78419878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 7852742Swollman 7862742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 7872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7882742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 78919878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 7902742Swollman 7912742Swollman############################################################################### 7922742Swollman 7932742Swollman# NOTES 7942742Swollman 795273719Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7962742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 797273719Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 798273719Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 7992742Swollman 800274563Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 801274563Sedwin# 802274563Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 803158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 804158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 805274563Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 8062742Swollman# 80786222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 80820094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 80920094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 81020094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 811274563Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 812274563Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 81320094Swollman# 8142742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8152742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8162742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8172742Swollman# 818248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 819273719Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 820273719Sedwin# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 821248307Sedwin# 8222742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 82358787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8242742Swollman# 825270817Spluknet# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 8262742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 8272742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 828270817Spluknet# std dst 829270817Spluknet# LMT Local Mean Time 830270817Spluknet# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 831270817Spluknet# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 832270817Spluknet# 9:00 JST Japan 833270817Spluknet# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 834270817Spluknet# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 835270817Spluknet# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 836270817Spluknet# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 837273719Sedwin# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 838270817Spluknet# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 839270817Spluknet# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 840270817Spluknet# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 841270817Spluknet# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 842270817Spluknet# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 843270817Spluknet# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 844270817Spluknet# -11:00 SST Samoa 845270817Spluknet# -10:00 HST Hawaii 846270817Spluknet# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 8472742Swollman# 848270817Spluknet# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 849270817Spluknet# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is. 8502742Swollman 8512742Swollman############################################################################### 8522742Swollman 8532742Swollman# Australia 8542742Swollman 855270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 856270817Spluknet# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 857270817Spluknet# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 858270817Spluknet# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 859270817Spluknet# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 860270817Spluknet# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 861270817Spluknet# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 862270817Spluknet# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 863270817Spluknet# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 864270817Spluknet# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 865270817Spluknet# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 866270817Spluknet# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 867270817Spluknet 868153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 869153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 870273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 871270817Spluknet# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 87258787Sru 873153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 874153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 875273719Sedwin# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 876270817Spluknet# covers New South Wales in particular. 877153670Swollman 87819878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 879270817Spluknet# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 880270817Spluknet# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 881270817Spluknet# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8822742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8832742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 8842742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 8852742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 886270817Spluknet# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 8872742Swollman# time'. 8882742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 889270817Spluknet# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 890270817Spluknet# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 8912742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 8922742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 893270817Spluknet# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 8942742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 8952742Swollman 896270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 89786222Swollman# 898270817Spluknet# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 899270817Spluknet# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 900270817Spluknet# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 901270817Spluknet# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 902270817Spluknet# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 903270817Spluknet# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 904270817Spluknet# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 905270817Spluknet# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 906270817Spluknet# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 907270817Spluknet# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 908270817Spluknet# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 909270817Spluknet# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 91086222Swollman# 911270817Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 912270817Spluknet# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 913270817Spluknet# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 914270817Spluknet# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 915270817Spluknet# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 916270817Spluknet# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 917270817Spluknet# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 918270817Spluknet# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919270817Spluknet# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 920270817Spluknet# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 92186222Swollman# 922270817Spluknet# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 923270817Spluknet# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 92486222Swollman# 925270817Spluknet# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 926270817Spluknet# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 927270817Spluknet# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 928270817Spluknet# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 92986222Swollman# 930270817Spluknet# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 931270817Spluknet# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 93286222Swollman# 933270817Spluknet# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 934270817Spluknet# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 935270817Spluknet# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 936270817Spluknet# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 937270817Spluknet# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 938270817Spluknet# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 939270817Spluknet# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 94086222Swollman# 941270817Spluknet# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 942270817Spluknet# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 943270817Spluknet# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 944270817Spluknet# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 945270817Spluknet# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 946270817Spluknet# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 947270817Spluknet# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 948270817Spluknet# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 949270817Spluknet# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 950270817Spluknet# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 951270817Spluknet# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 952270817Spluknet# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 953270817Spluknet# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 954270817Spluknet# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 95586222Swollman# 956270817Spluknet# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 95786222Swollman# 958270817Spluknet# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 959270817Spluknet# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 960270817Spluknet# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 961270817Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 96286222Swollman# 963270817Spluknet# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 964270817Spluknet# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 965270817Spluknet# EST CST WST EDT CDT 96686222Swollman# 967270817Spluknet# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 968270817Spluknet# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 969270817Spluknet# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 97086222Swollman# 971270817Spluknet# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 972270817Spluknet# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 973270817Spluknet# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 97486222Swollman# 975270817Spluknet# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 976270817Spluknet# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 977270817Spluknet# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 97886222Swollman# 979270817Spluknet# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 980270817Spluknet# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 981270817Spluknet# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 982270817Spluknet# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 983270817Spluknet# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 984270817Spluknet# appear in reports of events with international implications. 98586222Swollman# 986270817Spluknet# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 987270817Spluknet# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 988270817Spluknet# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 989270817Spluknet# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 990270817Spluknet# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 991270817Spluknet# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 992270817Spluknet# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 993270817Spluknet# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 994270817Spluknet# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 99586222Swollman 99614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 997158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 998149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 9999908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 10009908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1001270817Spluknet# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 100214343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 10032742Swollman 1004149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 100575267Swollman# 100643014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 100743014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 100843014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 100975267Swollman# 101043014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 101143014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1012273719Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 101343014Swollman# ACT 101443014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1015273719Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 101643014Swollman# SA 101743014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 1018273719Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 101943014Swollman 1020149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1021149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1022149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1023149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1024149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1025149514Swollman# 1026149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1027149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1028149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1029149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1030149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1031149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1032149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1033149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1034149514Swollman# allude to it. 1035149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1036270817Spluknet# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1037149514Swollman 10389908Swollman# Northern Territory 10399908Swollman 104019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10412742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10422742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10432742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10442742Swollman# ... 10459908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10462742Swollman 104719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10482742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10492742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10502742Swollman 10519908Swollman# Western Australia 10522742Swollman 105319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10542742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10552742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10562742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10572742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10582742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10592742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10602742Swollman# ... 10612742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10622742Swollman# ... 10632742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10642742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10652742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10662742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10672742Swollman 106819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10692742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10702742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10712742Swollman 107219878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10732742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10742742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10752742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10762742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10772742Swollman# everybody again. 10782742Swollman 107919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10802742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10812742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10822742Swollman 108358787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1084273719Sedwin# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1085270817Spluknet# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 108658787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 108758787Sru 10889908Swollman# Queensland 108919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10902742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 10912742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10922742Swollman# ... 10932742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 10942742Swollman# ... 10952742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10962742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 10972742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10982742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 10992742Swollman 110019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 11012742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 11022742Swollman# October 1989). 11032742Swollman 110419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11052742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11062742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11072742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11082742Swollman 110919878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11102742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11112742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11122742Swollman# me.) 11132742Swollman 111419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11152742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11162742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11172742Swollman# ... 11182742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11192742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11202742Swollman# ... 11212742Swollman 112219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11232742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11242742Swollman 1125169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1126270817Spluknet# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1127169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1128273719Sedwin# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1129169811Swollman 1130105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1131114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1132169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1133114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1134114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1135114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1136114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1137169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1138105196Swollman# 1139105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1140105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1141105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1142273719Sedwin# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1143105196Swollman# 1144169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1145169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1146169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1147169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1148105196Swollman# 1149169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1150169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1151169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1152169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1153169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1154169811Swollman# 1155169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1156169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1157169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1158169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1159169811Swollman# 1160169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1161169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1162169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1163169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1164169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1165105196Swollman 1166169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1167169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1168169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1169169811Swollman 1170169811Swollman 1171171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11722742Swollman# 1173171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1174171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1175171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1176171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11772742Swollman 11782742Swollman 11799908Swollman# South Australia 11802742Swollman 118119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11822742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11832742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11842742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11852742Swollman 118619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11872742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 11882742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11892742Swollman# ... 11902742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 11912742Swollman# ... 11922742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11932742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1194158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 11952742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 11962742Swollman 119719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 11982742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 11992742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 12002742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 12012742Swollman 120219878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 12032742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 12042742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 12052742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 12062742Swollman# is on... 12072742Swollman 120819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12092742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12102742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12112742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12122742Swollman 121319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12142742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12152742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12162742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12172742Swollman 1218149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12199908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12209908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12219908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12222742Swollman 1223171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1225171948Sedwin 12269908Swollman# Tasmania 12279908Swollman 122858787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 122958787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12302742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12312742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12322742Swollman 123319878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12342742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12352742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12362742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12372742Swollman 123858787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 123958787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 124058787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 124158787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 124258787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 124358787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 124458787Sru 124564499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 124664499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 124764499Swollman 1248171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1249171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1250171948Sedwin 12519908Swollman# Victoria 12522742Swollman 125358787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 125458787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12552742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12562742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12572742Swollman 125886222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 125986222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 126086222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 126186222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 126286222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 126386222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 126486222Swollman# 126586222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 126686222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 126786222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 126886222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 126986222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 127086222Swollman# expected time. 127186222Swollman# 127286222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 127386222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 127486222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 127586222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 127686222Swollman# 127786222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 127886222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 127986222Swollman 1280171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1281171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1282171948Sedwin 12839908Swollman# New South Wales 12842742Swollman 12852742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12862742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1287149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 12882742Swollman# who notes: 12892742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1290270817Spluknet# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 12912742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 12922742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 12932742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 12942742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 12952742Swollman 1296149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 129758787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1298273719Sedwin# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1299273719Sedwin# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1300273719Sedwin# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 13012742Swollman 130258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 130358787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 130458787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1305273719Sedwin# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 130658787Sru# 130758787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 130858787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 130958787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1310273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1311270817Spluknet# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 131258787Sru# 131358787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1314270817Spluknet# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1315273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 131658787Sru# 131758787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1318270817Spluknet# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1319273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 132058787Sru# 132158787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 132258787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1323273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1324270817Spluknet# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1325270817Spluknet# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 132658787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 132758787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 132875267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1329270817Spluknet# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 133058787Sru# 133158787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1332270817Spluknet# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1333273719Sedwin# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 13342742Swollman 133543543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 133643543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 133758787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 133843543Swollman 133967578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 134075267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 134175267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 134267578Swollman 1343171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1344171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1345171948Sedwin 13469908Swollman# Yancowinna 13472742Swollman 134867578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1349270817Spluknet# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13502742Swollman 135119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13522742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13532742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13542742Swollman# ... 135543014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13562742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13572742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13582742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13592742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13602742Swollman# # presently available. 13612742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13622742Swollman# ... 13632742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13642742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13652742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13662742Swollman 13679908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13682742Swollman 136919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1370153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13712742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13722742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13732742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13742742Swollman 137558787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 137658787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 137758787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 137858787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 137958787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 138058787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1381226289Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 138258787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 138358787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 138458787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 138514343Swollman 138675267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 138775267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 138875267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 138975267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 139075267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 139175267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 139258787Sru 1393158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1394158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1395158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 139667578Swollman 1397171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1398171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1399171948Sedwin 1400192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1401240457Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1402240457Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1403192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1404240457Sedwin# 1405192886Sedwin# From 1406192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1407240457Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1408192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1409240457Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1410192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1411240457Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1412240457Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1413192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1414240457Sedwin# 1415192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1416192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 14172742Swollman############################################################################### 14182742Swollman 141958787Sru# New Zealand 14202742Swollman 142119878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14222742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14232742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14242742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1425270817Spluknet# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14262742Swollman 142719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14282742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14292742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1430153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14312742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14322742Swollman# ... 14332742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14342742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14352742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14362742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14372742Swollman# ... 14382742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14392742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14402742Swollman 144119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14422742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14432742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14442742Swollman 144514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1446158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1447149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 144814343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 144914343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 145014343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 145114343Swollman# 1452158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1453121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1454121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1455158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1456121098Swollman# 1457121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1458121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1459121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 146014343Swollman 1461169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1462169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1463169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1464169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1465169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1466169811Swollman 1467270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1468270817Spluknet# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1469273719Sedwin# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1470273719Sedwin# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1471270817Spluknet# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1472270817Spluknet# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1473270817Spluknet# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1474270817Spluknet# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1475270817Spluknet# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1476270817Spluknet# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1477270817Spluknet# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1478270817Spluknet# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1479270817Spluknet 14802742Swollman############################################################################### 14812742Swollman 148258787Sru 14832742Swollman# Fiji 14842742Swollman 148558787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 148658787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 148758787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14882742Swollman 148943543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 149043543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 149175267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 149243543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 149343543Swollman 149458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 149558787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 149658787Sru 1497253009Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1498253009Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1499270817Spluknet# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1500253009Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1501253009Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1502253009Sedwin# of the new millennium. 150343543Swollman 150475267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 150575267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 150658787Sru 150714343Swollman 150817200Swollman# Kiribati 150917200Swollman 151017200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 151117200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1512270817Spluknet# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 151317200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 151417200Swollman 151558787Sru 15162742Swollman# Kwajalein 15172742Swollman 15182742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15192742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 152019878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15212742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15222742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15232742Swollman 152458787Sru 152514343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15262742Swollman 1527270817Spluknet# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1528270817Spluknet# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 15292742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 153075267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 153175267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 153214343Swollman 153375267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 153475267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 153575267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 153675267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 153758787Sru 153875267Swollman 153917200Swollman# Micronesia 154017200Swollman 1541149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1542270817Spluknet# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1543270817Spluknet# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 154417200Swollman# 1545158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1546158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 154717200Swollman 154858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 154958787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1550270817Spluknet# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1551273719Sedwin# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 155258787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 155358787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 155458787Sru 155558787Sru 1556121098Swollman# Midway 1557121098Swollman 1558121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1559121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1560121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1561121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1562121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1563121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1564121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1565121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1566121098Swollman# 1567121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1568121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1569121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1570121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1571121098Swollman 1572121098Swollman 157358787Sru# Pitcairn 157458787Sru 157558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 157658787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 157758787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 157858787Sru# 157958787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 158058787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 158158787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 158258787Sru# 158358787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 158458787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 158558787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 158658787Sru 158758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 158858787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 158958787Sru# ... at midnight. 159058787Sru 159158787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 159258787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 159358787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 159458787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 159558787Sru 159658787Sru 1597270817Spluknet# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 159814343Swollman 159958787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 160058787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1601270817Spluknet# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1602270817Spluknet# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1603270817Spluknet# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 160417200Swollman 1605270817Spluknet# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1606270817Spluknet# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1607270817Spluknet# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1608270817Spluknet# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1609270817Spluknet# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1610270817Spluknet# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1611270817Spluknet# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1612270817Spluknet# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 161358787Sru 161417200Swollman# Tonga 161517200Swollman 161617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1617270817Spluknet# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1618270817Spluknet# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 161917200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 162058787Sru 162158787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1622273719Sedwin# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1623273719Sedwin# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1624273719Sedwin# 162558787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 162658787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 162758787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 162858787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 162958787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 163058787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 163158787Sru# 1632270817Spluknet# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1633270817Spluknet# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 163458787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 163558787Sru# 163658787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 163758787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 163858787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 163958787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 164058787Sru# 164158787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 164258787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 164358787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 164458787Sru 1645158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1646158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 164758787Sru 164858787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1649253009Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 165058787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 165158787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 165258787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 165358787Sru# Government. 165458787Sru 1655149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 165658787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 165775267Swollman# 1658149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 165958787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 166075267Swollman# 166158787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 166258787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 166358787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 166458787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 166558787Sru 1666149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1667270817Spluknet# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 166875267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 166975267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 167075267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 167175267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 167258787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 167358787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 167458787Sru 167558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 167658787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 167758787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 167858787Sru 167975267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 168075267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 168175267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 168275267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 168375267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 168475267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1685270817Spluknet# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 168658787Sru 168775267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 168875267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 168975267Swollman 169093799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 169193799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 169293799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 169393799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 169493799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 169586222Swollman 1696114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1697114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 169886222Swollman 1699121098Swollman 1700121098Swollman# Wake 1701121098Swollman 1702121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1703121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1704121098Swollman# 1705270817Spluknet# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1706121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1707121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1708121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1709121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1710121098Swollman# impossible. 1711121098Swollman# 1712121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1713121098Swollman 1714121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1715121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1716121098Swollman 171758787Sru############################################################################### 171858787Sru 171958787Sru# The International Date Line 172058787Sru 172158787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 172275267Swollman# 172358787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 172458787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 172558787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 172658787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 172758787Sru# 172858787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 172958787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 173058787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 173158787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 173258787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 173358787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1734153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 173558787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 173658787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 173758787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 173858787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1739149514Swollman 1740153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1741153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1742153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1743153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1744153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1745153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1746153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1747153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1748153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1749153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1750270817Spluknet# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1751153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1752153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1753153670Swollman 1754149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1755149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1756149514Swollman# 1757149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1758273719Sedwin# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1759149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1760149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1761