australasia revision 248307
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223# like Australia/Hobart 224 225# Christmas 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 229 230# Cook Is 231# From Shanks & Pottenger: 232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 233Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 234Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 235Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 240 241# Cocos 242# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 247 248# Fiji 249 250# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 251 252# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 253# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 254# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 255# 256# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 257# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 258# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 259# </a> 260# or 261# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 262# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 263# </a> 264 265# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 266# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 267# amendments: 268# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 269# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 270# </a> 271 272# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 273# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 274# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 275# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 276# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 277# 278# Official source: 279# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 280# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 281# </a> 282# 283# A bit more background info here: 284# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 285# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 286# </a> 287 288# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 289# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 290# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 291# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 292# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 293# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 294# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295# </a> 296# or 297# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 298# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 299# </a> 300 301# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 302# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 303# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 304# 305# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 306# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 307# </a> 308# which says 309# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 310# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 311# 2am on February 26 next year. 312 313# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 314# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 315# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 316# 317# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 318# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 319# </a> 320# states: 321# 322# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 323# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 324# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 325# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 326 327# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 328# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 329# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 330# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 331# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 332# 333# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 334# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 335 336# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 337Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 338Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 339Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 340Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 341Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 342Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 343Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 346 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 347 348# French Polynesia 349# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 350Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 351 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 352Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 353 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 354Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 355 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 356# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 357# it is uninhabited. 358 359# Guam 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 362 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 363 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 364 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 365 366# Kiribati 367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 369 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 370Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 371 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 372 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 373 13:00 - PHOT 374Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 375 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 376 -10:00 - LINT 1995 377 14:00 - LINT 378 379# N Mariana Is 380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 382 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 383 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 384 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 385 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 386 387# Marshall Is 388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 389Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 390 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 391 12:00 - MHT 392Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 393 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 394 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 395 12:00 - MHT 396 397# Micronesia 398# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 399Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 400 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 401Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 402 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 403Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 404 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 405 12:00 - KOST 1999 406 11:00 - KOST 407 408# Nauru 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 411 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 412 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 413 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 414 12:00 - NRT 415 416# New Caledonia 417# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 418Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 419Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 420Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 421# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 422Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 425 11:00 NC NC%sT 426 427 428############################################################################### 429 430# New Zealand 431 432# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 433Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 434Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 435Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 436Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 437Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 438Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 439Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 440# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 441# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 442Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 443Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 444Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 445Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 446Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 447Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 448Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 449Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 450Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 451Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 452Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 453Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 454Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 455Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 456Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 457Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 458Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 459Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 462 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 463 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 464Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 465 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 466 467 468# Auckland Is 469# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 470# and scientific personnel have wintered 471 472# Campbell I 473# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 474# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 475# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 476# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 477 478############################################################################### 479 480 481# Niue 482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 483Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 484 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 485 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 486 -11:00 - NUT 487 488# Norfolk 489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 491 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 492 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 493 494# Palau (Belau) 495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 497 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 498 499# Papua New Guinea 500# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 501Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 502 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 503 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 504 505# Pitcairn 506# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 508 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 509 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 510 511# American Samoa 512Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 513 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 514 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 515 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 516 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 517 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 518 519# Samoa 520 521# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 522# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 523# the following info: 524# 525# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 526# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 527# Sunday of April 2011." 528# 529# Background info: 530# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 531# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 532# </a> 533# 534# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 535# contain any dates: 536# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 537# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 538# </a> 539 540# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 541# Please see 542# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 543# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 544# </a>, 545# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 546# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 547# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 548# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 549 550# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 551# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 552# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 553# www.mcil.gov.ws 554# </a> 555# 556# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 557# 558# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 559# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 560# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 561# 562# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 563# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 564# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 565# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 566# 567# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 568# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 569 570# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 571# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 572# 573# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 574# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 575# </a> 576 577# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 578# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 579# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 580# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 581# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 582# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 583# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 584# 585# International Date Line Bill 2011 586# 587# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 588# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 589# Line, and for related purposes. 590# 591# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 592# assembled as follows: 593# 594# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 595# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 596# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 597# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 598# 599# [snip] 600# 601# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 602# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 603# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 604# 605# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 606# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 607# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 608# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 609# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 610# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 611# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 612# it defines Samoa standard time.... 613 614# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 615# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 616# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 617# </a> 618# 619# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 620# 621# DST 622# Year End Time Start Time 623# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 624# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 625# 626# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 627# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 628# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 629# 630# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 631# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 632# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 633# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 634# 635# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 636# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 637# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 638# 639# Please find link below for more information. 640# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 641# 642# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 643# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 644# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 645 646# Western Samoa 647# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 648Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 649Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 652 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 653 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 654 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 655 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 656 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 657 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 658 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 659 13:00 WS WS%sT 660 661# Solomon Is 662# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 663# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 664Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 665 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 666 667# Tokelau Is 668# 669# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 670# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 671# December 31 this year ... 672# 673# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 674# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 675# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 676# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 677# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 678# 679# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 680# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 681# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 682# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 683# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 684# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 685 686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 687Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 688 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 689 13:00 - TKT 690 691# Tonga 692# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 693Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 694Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 695Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 696Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 697# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 699 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 700 13:00 - TOT 1999 701 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 702 703# Tuvalu 704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 705Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 706 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 707 708 709# US minor outlying islands 710 711# Howland, Baker 712# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 713# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 714# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 715# uninhabited thereafter. 716# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 717# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 718# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 719# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 720# until they were abandoned after the war. 721 722# Jarvis 723# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 724# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 725# uninhabited thereafter. 726# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 727 728# Johnston 729# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 731 732# Kingman 733# uninhabited 734 735# Midway 736# 737# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 738# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 739# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 740# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 741# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 742# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 743# designations that I've never seen before:.... 744# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 745# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 746# 747Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 748 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 749 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 750 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 751 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 752 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 753 754# Palmyra 755# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 756 757# Wake 758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 759Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 760 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 761 762 763# Vanuatu 764# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 765Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 766Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 767Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 768Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 769Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 770Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 771# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 772Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 773 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 774 775# Wallis and Futuna 776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 777Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 778 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 779 780############################################################################### 781 782# NOTES 783 784# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 785# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 786# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 787 788# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 789# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 790# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 791# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 792# 793# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 794# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 795# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 796# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 797# of the IATA's data after 1990. 798# 799# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 800# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 801# 802# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 803# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 804# I found in the UCLA library. 805# 806# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 807# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 808# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 809# 810# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 811# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 812# 813# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 814# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 815# Corrections are welcome! 816# std dst 817# LMT Local Mean Time 818# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 819# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 820# 9:00 JST Japan 821# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 822# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 823# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 824# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 825# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 826# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 827# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 828# -11:00 SST Samoa 829# -10:00 HST Hawaii 830# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 831# 832# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 833# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 834 835############################################################################### 836 837# Australia 838 839# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 840# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 841# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 842# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 843 844# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 845# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 846# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 847# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 848 849# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 850# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 851# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 852# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 853# abbreviation does _not_ change... 854# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 855# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 856# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 857# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 858# time'. 859# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 860# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 861# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 862# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 863# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 864# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 865# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 866 867# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 868# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 869# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 870# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 871# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 872 873# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 874# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 875# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 876# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 877# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 878 879# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 880# versus "AEST" etc.: 881# 882# I see the following points of dispute: 883# 884# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 885# 886# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 887# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 888# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 889# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 890# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 891# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 892# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 893# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 894# 895# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 896# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 897# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 898# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 899# 900# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 901# 902# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 903# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 904# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 905# Time, for example. 906# 907# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 908# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 909# tiebreaker. 910# 911# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 912# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 913# the word "Australian"? 914# 915# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 916# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 917# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 918# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 919# following count of page hits: 920# 921# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 922# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 923# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 924# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 925# 926# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 927# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 928# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 929# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 930# 931# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 932# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 933# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 934# are the hit counts anyway: 935# 936# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 937# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 938# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 939# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 940# 941# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 942# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 943# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 944# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 945# 946# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 947# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 948# 949# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 950# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 951# the ambiguities involved. 952# 953# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 954# 955# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 956# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 957# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 958# understood in Australia. 959 960# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 961# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 962# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 963# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 964# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 965# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 966# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 967 968# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 969# 970# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 971# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 972# relevant entries in this database. 973# 974# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 975# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 976# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 977# </a> 978# ACT 979# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 980# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 981# </a> 982# SA 983# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 984# Standard Time Act, 1898 985# </a> 986 987# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 988# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 989# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 990# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 991# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 992# 993# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 994# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 995# to extend DST together in 2006. 996# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 997# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 998# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 999# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1000# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1001# allude to it. 1002# But not Queensland 1003# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1004 1005# Northern Territory 1006 1007# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1008# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1009# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1010# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1011# ... 1012# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1013 1014# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1015# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1016# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1017 1018# Western Australia 1019 1020# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1021# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1022# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1023# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1024# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1025# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1026# # before reaching parliament. 1027# ... 1028# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1029# ... 1030# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1031# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1032# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1033# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1034 1035# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1036# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1037# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1038 1039# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1040# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1041# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1042# work at 9.00am.) 1043# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1044# everybody again. 1045 1046# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1047# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1048# it matches what was used in the past. 1049 1050# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1051# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1052# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1053# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1054 1055# Queensland 1056# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1057# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1058# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1059# ... 1060# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1061# ... 1062# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1063# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1064# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1065# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1066 1067# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1068# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1069# October 1989). 1070 1071# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1072# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1073# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1074# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1075 1076# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1077# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1078# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1079# me.) 1080 1081# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1082# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1083# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1084# ... 1085# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1086# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1087# ... 1088 1089# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1090# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1091 1092# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1093# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1094# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1095# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1096 1097# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1098# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1099# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1100# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1101# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1102# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1103# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1104# Australia and Western Australia.... 1105# 1106# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1107# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1108# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1109# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1110# 1111# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1112# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1113# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1114# coast of the continent. 1115# 1116# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1117# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1118# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1119# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1120# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1121# 1122# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1123# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1124# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1125# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1126# 1127# (2006-12-09): 1128# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1129# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1130# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1131# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1132 1133# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1134# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1135# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1136 1137 1138# southeast Australia 1139# 1140# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1141# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1142# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1143# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1144 1145 1146# South Australia 1147 1148# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1149# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1150# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1151# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1152 1153# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1154# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1155# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1156# ... 1157# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1158# ... 1159# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1160# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1161# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1162# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1163 1164# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1165# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1166# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1167# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1168 1169# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1170# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1171# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1172# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1173# is on... 1174 1175# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1176# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1177# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1178# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1179 1180# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1181# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1182# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1183# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1184 1185# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1186# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1187# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1188# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1189 1190# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1191# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1192 1193# Tasmania 1194 1195# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1196# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1197# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1198# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1199 1200# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1201# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1202# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1203# (but nothing new about that). 1204 1205# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1206# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1207# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1208# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1209# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1210# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1211 1212# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1213# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1214 1215# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1216# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1217 1218# Victoria 1219 1220# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1221# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1222# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1223# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1224 1225# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1226# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1227# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1228# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1229# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1230# in Melbourne, Australia. 1231# 1232# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1233# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1234# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1235# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1236# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1237# expected time. 1238# 1239# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1240# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1241# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1242# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1243# 1244# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1245# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1246 1247# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1248# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1249 1250# New South Wales 1251 1252# From Arthur David Olson: 1253# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1254# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1255# who notes: 1256# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1257# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1258# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1259# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1260# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1261# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1262 1263# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1264# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1265# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1266# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1267# Two months more daylight saving 1268# </a> 1269# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1270 1271# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1272# See the following official NSW source: 1273# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1274# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1275# </a> 1276# 1277# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1278# daylight saving next year. See: 1279# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1280# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1281# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1282# 1283# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1284# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1285# Vic to extend daylight saving 1286# </a> (1999-07-28). 1287# 1288# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1289# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1290# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1291# </a> (1999-07-19). 1292# 1293# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1294# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1295# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1296# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1297# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1298# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1299# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1300# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1301# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1302# 1303# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1304# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1305# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1306# </a> (1999-07-21). 1307 1308# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1309# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1310# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1311 1312# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1313# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1314# towns to use Queensland time. 1315 1316# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1317# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1318 1319# Yancowinna 1320 1321# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1322# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1323 1324# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1325# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1326# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1327# ... 1328# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1329# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1330# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1331# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1332# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1333# # presently available. 1334# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1335# ... 1336# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1337# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1338# [followed by other Rules] 1339 1340# Lord Howe Island 1341 1342# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1343# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1344# [ Dec 1990 ] 1345# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1346# hour ahead of NSW time. 1347 1348# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1349# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1350# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1351# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1352# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1353# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1354# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1355# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1356# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1357# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1358 1359# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1360# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1361# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1362# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1363# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1364# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1365 1366# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1367# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1368# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1369 1370# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1371# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1372 1373# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1374# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1375# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1376# summer (southern hemisphere). 1377# 1378# From 1379# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1380# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1381# </a> 1382# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1383# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1384# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1385# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1386# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1387# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1388# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1389# 1390# We have a wrap-up here: 1391# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1392# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1393# </a> 1394############################################################################### 1395 1396# New Zealand 1397 1398# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1399# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1400# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1401# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1402# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1403 1404# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1405# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1406# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1407# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1408# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1409# ... 1410# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1411# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1412# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1413# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1414# ... 1415# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1416# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1417 1418# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1419# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1420# rather than the October 1 value. 1421 1422# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1423# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1424# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1425# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1426# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1427# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1428# 1429# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1430# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1431# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1432# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1433# 1434# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1435# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1436# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1437 1438# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1439# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1440# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1441# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1442# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1443 1444############################################################################### 1445 1446 1447# Fiji 1448 1449# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1450# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1451# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1452 1453# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1454# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1455# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1456# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1457 1458# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1459# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1460 1461# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1462# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1463# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1464# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1465# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1466# millenium. 1467 1468# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1469# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1470 1471# Johnston 1472 1473# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1474 1475 1476# Kiribati 1477 1478# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1479# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1480# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1481# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1482 1483 1484# Kwajalein 1485 1486# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1487# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1488# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1489# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1490# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1491 1492 1493# N Mariana Is, Guam 1494 1495# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1496# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1497# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1498# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1499# see Asia/Manila. 1500 1501# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1502# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1503# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1504# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1505 1506 1507# Micronesia 1508 1509# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1510# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1511# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1512# 1513# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1514# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1515 1516# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1517# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1518# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1519# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1520# </a> (1999-01-26) 1521# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1522# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1523 1524 1525# Midway 1526 1527# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1528# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1529# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1530# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1531# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1532# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1533# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1534# air at 6am your time. 1535# 1536# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1537# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1538# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1539# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1540 1541 1542# Pitcairn 1543 1544# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1545# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1546# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1547# 1548# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1549# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1550# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1551# 1552# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1553# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1554# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1555 1556# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1557# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1558# ... at midnight. 1559 1560# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1561# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1562# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1563# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1564 1565 1566# Samoa 1567 1568# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1569# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1570# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1571# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1572# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1573 1574 1575# Tonga 1576 1577# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1578# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1579# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1580# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1581 1582# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1583# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1584# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1585# </a>: 1586 1587# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1588# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1589# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1590# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1591# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1592# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1593# 1594# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1595# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1596# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1597# 1598# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1599# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1600# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1601# minutes we have lost?" 1602# 1603# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1604# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1605# to say your prayers in the morning." 1606 1607# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1608# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1609 1610# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1611# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1612# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1613# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1614# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1615# Government. 1616 1617# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1618# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1619# 1620# I was given this link by John Letts: 1621# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1622# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1623# </a> 1624# 1625# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1626# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1627# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1628# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1629 1630# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1631# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1632# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1633# </a>: 1634# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1635# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1636# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1637# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1638# set back an hour on the closing date." 1639# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1640 1641# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1642# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1643# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1644 1645# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1646# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1647# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1648# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1649# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1650# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1651# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1652 1653# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1654# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1655 1656# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1657# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1658# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1659# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1660# hour to 1:00am. 1661 1662# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1663# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1664 1665 1666# Wake 1667 1668# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1669# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1670# 1671# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1672# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1673# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1674# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1675# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1676# impossible. 1677# 1678# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1679 1680# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1681# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1682 1683############################################################################### 1684 1685# The International Date Line 1686 1687# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1688# 1689# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1690# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1691# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1692# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1693# 1694# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1695# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1696# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1697# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1698# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1699# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1700# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1701# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1702# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1703# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1704# correct date is ambiguous. 1705 1706# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1707# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1708# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1709# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1710# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1711# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1712# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1713# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1714# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1715# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1716# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1717# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1718# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1719 1720# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1721# (2005-03-20): 1722# 1723# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1724# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1725# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1726# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1727