australasia revision 240457
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 223# like Australia/Hobart 224 225# Christmas 226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 227Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 229 230# Cook Is 231# From Shanks & Pottenger: 232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 233Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 234Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 235Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 240 241# Cocos 242# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 243# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 247 248# Fiji 249# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 250# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 251# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 252# 253# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 254# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 255# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 256# </a> 257# or 258# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 259# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 260# </a> 261 262# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 263# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 264# amendments: 265# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 266# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 267# </a> 268 269# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 270# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 271# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 272# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 273# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 274# 275# Official source: 276# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 277# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 278# </a> 279# 280# A bit more background info here: 281# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 282# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 283# </a> 284 285# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 286# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 287# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 288# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 289# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 290# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 291# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 292# </a> 293# or 294# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296# </a> 297 298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301# 302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 303# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304# </a> 305# which says 306# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 307# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 308# 2am on February 26 next year. 309 310# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 311# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 312# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 313# 314# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 315# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316# </a> 317# states: 318# 319# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 320# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 321# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 322# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 323 324# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 325# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 326# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 327# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 329# 330# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 331# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 332 333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 334Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 335Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 336Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 337Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 338Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 339Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 340Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 343 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 344 345# French Polynesia 346# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 348 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 349Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 350 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 351Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 352 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 353# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 354# it is uninhabited. 355 356# Guam 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 359 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 360 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 361 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 362 363# Kiribati 364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 366 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 367Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 368 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 369 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 370 13:00 - PHOT 371Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 372 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 373 -10:00 - LINT 1995 374 14:00 - LINT 375 376# N Mariana Is 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 379 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 380 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 381 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 383 384# Marshall Is 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 387 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 388 12:00 - MHT 389Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 390 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 391 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 392 12:00 - MHT 393 394# Micronesia 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 397 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 398Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 399 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 400Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 401 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 402 12:00 - KOST 1999 403 11:00 - KOST 404 405# Nauru 406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 408 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 409 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 410 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 411 12:00 - NRT 412 413# New Caledonia 414# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 416Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 417Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 418# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 419Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 422 11:00 NC NC%sT 423 424 425############################################################################### 426 427# New Zealand 428 429# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 431Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 432Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 433Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 434Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 435Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 436Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 437# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 438# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 439Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 440Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 441Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 442Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 443Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 444Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 445Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 446Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 447Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 448Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 449Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 450Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 451Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 452Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 453Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 454Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 455Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 456Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 459 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 460 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 461Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 462 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 463 464 465# Auckland Is 466# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 467# and scientific personnel have wintered 468 469# Campbell I 470# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 471# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 472# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 473# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 474 475############################################################################### 476 477 478# Niue 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 481 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 482 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 483 -11:00 - NUT 484 485# Norfolk 486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 487Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 488 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 489 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 490 491# Palau (Belau) 492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 494 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 495 496# Papua New Guinea 497# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 498Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 499 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 500 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 501 502# Pitcairn 503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 505 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 506 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 507 508# American Samoa 509Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 510 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 511 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 512 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 513 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 514 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 515 516# Samoa 517 518# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 519# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 520# the following info: 521# 522# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 523# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 524# Sunday of April 2011." 525# 526# Background info: 527# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 528# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 529# </a> 530# 531# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 532# contain any dates: 533# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 534# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 535# </a> 536 537# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 538# Please see 539# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 540# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 541# </a>, 542# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 543# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 544# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 545# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 546 547# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 548# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 549# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 550# www.mcil.gov.ws 551# </a> 552# 553# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 554# 555# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 556# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 557# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 558# 559# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 560# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 561# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 562# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 563# 564# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 565# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 566 567# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 568# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 569# 570# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 571# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 572# </a> 573 574# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 575# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 576# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 577# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 578# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 579# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 580# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 581# 582# International Date Line Bill 2011 583# 584# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 585# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 586# Line, and for related purposes. 587# 588# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 589# assembled as follows: 590# 591# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 592# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 593# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 594# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 595# 596# [snip] 597# 598# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 599# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 600# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 601# 602# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 603# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 604# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 605# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 606# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 607# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 608# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 609# it defines Samoa standard time.... 610 611# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 612# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 613# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614# </a> 615# 616# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 617# 618# DST 619# Year End Time Start Time 620# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 621# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 622# 623# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 624# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 625# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 626# 627# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 628# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 629# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 630# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 631Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 632 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 633 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 634 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 635 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 636 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 637 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 638 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 639 13:00 - WST 640 641# Solomon Is 642# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 643# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 644Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 645 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 646 647# Tokelau Is 648# 649# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 650# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 651# December 31 this year ... 652# 653# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 654# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 655# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 656# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 657# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 658# 659# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 660# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 661# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 662# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 663# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 664# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 665 666# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 667Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 668 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 669 13:00 - TKT 670 671# Tonga 672# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 673Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 674Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 675Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 676Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 678Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 679 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 680 13:00 - TOT 1999 681 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 682 683# Tuvalu 684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 686 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 687 688 689# US minor outlying islands 690 691# Howland, Baker 692# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 693# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 694# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 695# uninhabited thereafter. 696# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 697# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 698# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 699# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 700# until they were abandoned after the war. 701 702# Jarvis 703# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 704# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 705# uninhabited thereafter. 706# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 707 708# Johnston 709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 710Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 711 712# Kingman 713# uninhabited 714 715# Midway 716# 717# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 718# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 719# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 720# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 721# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 722# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 723# designations that I've never seen before:.... 724# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 725# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 726# 727Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 730 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 731 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 732 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 733 734# Palmyra 735# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 736 737# Wake 738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 739Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 741 742 743# Vanuatu 744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 745Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 746Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 747Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 748Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 749Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 750Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 751# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 752Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 754 755# Wallis and Futuna 756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 759 760############################################################################### 761 762# NOTES 763 764# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 765# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 766# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 767 768# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 769# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 770# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 771# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 772# 773# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 774# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 775# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 776# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 777# of the IATA's data after 1990. 778# 779# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 780# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 781# 782# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 783# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 784# I found in the UCLA library. 785# 786# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 787# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 788# 789# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 790# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 791# Corrections are welcome! 792# std dst 793# LMT Local Mean Time 794# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 795# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 796# 9:00 JST Japan 797# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 798# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 799# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 800# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 801# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 802# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 803# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 804# -11:00 SST Samoa 805# -10:00 HST Hawaii 806# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 807# 808# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 809# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 810 811############################################################################### 812 813# Australia 814 815# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 816# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 817# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 818# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 819 820# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 821# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 822# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 823# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 824 825# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 826# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 827# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 828# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 829# abbreviation does _not_ change... 830# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 831# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 832# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 833# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 834# time'. 835# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 836# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 837# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 838# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 839# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 840# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 841# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 842 843# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 844# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 845# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 846# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 847# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 848 849# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 850# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 851# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 852# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 853# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 854 855# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 856# versus "AEST" etc.: 857# 858# I see the following points of dispute: 859# 860# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 861# 862# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 863# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 864# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 865# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 866# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 867# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 868# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 869# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 870# 871# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 872# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 873# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 874# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 875# 876# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 877# 878# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 879# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 880# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 881# Time, for example. 882# 883# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 884# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 885# tiebreaker. 886# 887# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 888# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 889# the word "Australian"? 890# 891# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 892# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 893# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 894# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 895# following count of page hits: 896# 897# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 898# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 899# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 900# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 901# 902# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 903# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 904# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 905# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 906# 907# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 908# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 909# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 910# are the hit counts anyway: 911# 912# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 913# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 914# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 915# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 916# 917# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 918# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 919# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 920# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 921# 922# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 923# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 924# 925# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 926# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 927# the ambiguities involved. 928# 929# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 930# 931# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 932# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 933# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 934# understood in Australia. 935 936# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 937# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 938# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 939# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 940# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 941# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 942# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 943 944# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 945# 946# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 947# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 948# relevant entries in this database. 949# 950# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 951# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 952# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 953# </a> 954# ACT 955# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 956# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 957# </a> 958# SA 959# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 960# Standard Time Act, 1898 961# </a> 962 963# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 964# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 965# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 966# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 967# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 968# 969# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 970# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 971# to extend DST together in 2006. 972# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 973# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 974# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 975# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 976# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 977# allude to it. 978# But not Queensland 979# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 980 981# Northern Territory 982 983# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 984# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 985# # [ Nov 1990 ] 986# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 987# ... 988# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 989 990# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 991# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 992# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 993 994# Western Australia 995 996# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 997# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 998# # [ Nov 1990 ] 999# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1000# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1001# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1002# # before reaching parliament. 1003# ... 1004# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1005# ... 1006# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1007# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1008# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1009# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1010 1011# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1012# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1013# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1014 1015# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1016# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1017# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1018# work at 9.00am.) 1019# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1020# everybody again. 1021 1022# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1023# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1024# it matches what was used in the past. 1025 1026# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1027# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1028# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1029# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1030 1031# Queensland 1032# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1033# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1034# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1035# ... 1036# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1037# ... 1038# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1039# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1040# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1041# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1042 1043# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1044# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1045# October 1989). 1046 1047# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1048# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1049# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1050# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1051 1052# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1053# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1054# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1055# me.) 1056 1057# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1058# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1059# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1060# ... 1061# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1062# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1063# ... 1064 1065# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1066# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1067 1068# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1069# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1070# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1071# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1072 1073# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1074# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1075# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1076# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1077# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1078# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1079# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1080# Australia and Western Australia.... 1081# 1082# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1083# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1084# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1085# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1086# 1087# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1088# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1089# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1090# coast of the continent. 1091# 1092# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1093# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1094# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1095# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1096# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1097# 1098# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1099# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1100# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1101# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1102# 1103# (2006-12-09): 1104# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1105# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1106# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1107# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1108 1109# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1110# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1111# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1112 1113 1114# southeast Australia 1115# 1116# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1117# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1118# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1119# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1120 1121 1122# South Australia 1123 1124# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1125# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1126# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1127# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1128 1129# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1130# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1131# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1132# ... 1133# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1134# ... 1135# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1136# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1137# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1138# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1139 1140# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1141# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1142# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1143# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1144 1145# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1146# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1147# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1148# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1149# is on... 1150 1151# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1152# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1153# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1154# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1155 1156# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1157# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1158# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1159# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1160 1161# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1162# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1163# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1164# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1165 1166# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1167# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1168 1169# Tasmania 1170 1171# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1172# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1173# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1174# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1175 1176# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1177# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1178# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1179# (but nothing new about that). 1180 1181# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1182# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1183# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1184# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1185# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1186# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1187 1188# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1189# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1190 1191# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1192# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1193 1194# Victoria 1195 1196# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1197# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1198# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1199# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1200 1201# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1202# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1203# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1204# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1205# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1206# in Melbourne, Australia. 1207# 1208# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1209# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1210# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1211# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1212# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1213# expected time. 1214# 1215# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1216# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1217# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1218# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1219# 1220# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1221# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1222 1223# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1225 1226# New South Wales 1227 1228# From Arthur David Olson: 1229# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1230# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1231# who notes: 1232# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1233# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1234# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1235# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1236# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1237# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1238 1239# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1240# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1241# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1242# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1243# Two months more daylight saving 1244# </a> 1245# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1246 1247# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1248# See the following official NSW source: 1249# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1250# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1251# </a> 1252# 1253# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1254# daylight saving next year. See: 1255# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1256# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1257# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1258# 1259# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1260# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1261# Vic to extend daylight saving 1262# </a> (1999-07-28). 1263# 1264# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1265# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1266# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1267# </a> (1999-07-19). 1268# 1269# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1270# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1271# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1272# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1273# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1274# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1275# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1276# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1277# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1278# 1279# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1280# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1281# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1282# </a> (1999-07-21). 1283 1284# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1285# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1286# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1287 1288# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1289# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1290# towns to use Queensland time. 1291 1292# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1293# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1294 1295# Yancowinna 1296 1297# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1298# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1299 1300# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1301# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1302# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1303# ... 1304# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1305# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1306# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1307# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1308# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1309# # presently available. 1310# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1311# ... 1312# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1313# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1314# [followed by other Rules] 1315 1316# Lord Howe Island 1317 1318# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1319# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1320# [ Dec 1990 ] 1321# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1322# hour ahead of NSW time. 1323 1324# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1325# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1326# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1327# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1328# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1329# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1330# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1331# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1332# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1333# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1334 1335# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1336# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1337# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1338# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1339# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1340# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1341 1342# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1343# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1344# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1345 1346# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1347# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1348 1349# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1350# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1351# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1352# summer (southern hemisphere). 1353# 1354# From 1355# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1356# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1357# </a> 1358# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1359# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1360# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1361# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1362# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1363# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1364# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1365# 1366# We have a wrap-up here: 1367# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1368# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1369# </a> 1370############################################################################### 1371 1372# New Zealand 1373 1374# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1375# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1376# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1377# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1378# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1379 1380# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1381# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1382# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1383# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1384# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1385# ... 1386# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1387# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1388# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1389# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1390# ... 1391# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1392# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1393 1394# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1395# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1396# rather than the October 1 value. 1397 1398# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1399# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1400# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1401# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1402# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1403# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1404# 1405# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1406# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1407# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1408# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1409# 1410# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1411# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1412# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1413 1414# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1415# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1416# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1417# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1418# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1419 1420############################################################################### 1421 1422 1423# Fiji 1424 1425# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1426# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1427# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1428 1429# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1430# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1431# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1432# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1433 1434# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1435# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1436 1437# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1438# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1439# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1440# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1441# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1442# millenium. 1443 1444# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1445# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1446 1447# Johnston 1448 1449# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1450 1451 1452# Kiribati 1453 1454# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1455# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1456# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1457# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1458 1459 1460# Kwajalein 1461 1462# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1463# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1464# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1465# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1466# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1467 1468 1469# N Mariana Is, Guam 1470 1471# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1472# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1473# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1474# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1475# see Asia/Manila. 1476 1477# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1478# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1479# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1480# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1481 1482 1483# Micronesia 1484 1485# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1486# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1487# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1488# 1489# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1490# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1491 1492# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1493# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1494# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1495# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1496# </a> (1999-01-26) 1497# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1498# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1499 1500 1501# Midway 1502 1503# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1504# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1505# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1506# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1507# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1508# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1509# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1510# air at 6am your time. 1511# 1512# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1513# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1514# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1515# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1516 1517 1518# Pitcairn 1519 1520# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1521# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1522# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1523# 1524# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1525# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1526# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1527# 1528# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1529# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1530# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1531 1532# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1533# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1534# ... at midnight. 1535 1536# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1537# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1538# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1539# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1540 1541 1542# Samoa 1543 1544# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1545# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1546# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1547# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1548# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1549 1550 1551# Tonga 1552 1553# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1554# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1555# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1556# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1557 1558# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1559# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1560# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1561# </a>: 1562 1563# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1564# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1565# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1566# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1567# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1568# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1569# 1570# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1571# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1572# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1573# 1574# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1575# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1576# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1577# minutes we have lost?" 1578# 1579# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1580# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1581# to say your prayers in the morning." 1582 1583# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1584# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1585 1586# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1587# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1588# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1589# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1590# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1591# Government. 1592 1593# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1594# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1595# 1596# I was given this link by John Letts: 1597# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1598# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1599# </a> 1600# 1601# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1602# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1603# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1604# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1605 1606# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1607# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1608# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1609# </a>: 1610# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1611# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1612# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1613# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1614# set back an hour on the closing date." 1615# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1616 1617# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1618# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1619# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1620 1621# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1622# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1623# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1624# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1625# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1626# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1627# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1628 1629# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1630# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1631 1632# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1633# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1634# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1635# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1636# hour to 1:00am. 1637 1638# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1639# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1640 1641 1642# Wake 1643 1644# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1645# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1646# 1647# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1648# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1649# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1650# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1651# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1652# impossible. 1653# 1654# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1655 1656# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1657# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1658 1659############################################################################### 1660 1661# The International Date Line 1662 1663# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1664# 1665# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1666# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1667# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1668# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1669# 1670# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1671# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1672# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1673# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1674# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1675# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1676# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1677# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1678# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1679# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1680# correct date is ambiguous. 1681 1682# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1683# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1684# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1685# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1686# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1687# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1688# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1689# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1690# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1691# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1692# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1693# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1694# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1695 1696# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1697# (2005-03-20): 1698# 1699# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1700# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1701# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1702# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1703