australasia revision 218122
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2218122Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.22 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1758787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3130711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 322742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4658787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 6520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6658787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6758787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6921217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7158787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 722742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7421217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7520094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7758787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7820094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 792742Swollman 809908Swollman# South Australia 812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8614343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87218122SedwinRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88218122SedwinRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89218122SedwinRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90218122SedwinRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91218122SedwinRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93218122SedwinRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 992742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 10058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1012742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1022742Swollman 1039908Swollman# Tasmania 104149514Swollman# 105149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108149514Swollman# 1092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11058787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11158787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11458787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11858787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11914343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 12058787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12458787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12558787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13158787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13258787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1342742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 135149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1402742Swollman 1419908Swollman# Victoria 1422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14314343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14458787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14614343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14758787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14858787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14914343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15158787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1582742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1602742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1612742Swollman 1629908Swollman# New South Wales 1632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 17014343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17143543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17214343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17458787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1812742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1832742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1842742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1852742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1862742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18758787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18858787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18958787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1908029Swollman 19114343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19214343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19975267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20175267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2072742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2082742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20914343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2108029Swollman 21114343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2122742Swollman# 2132742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21414343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215169811Swollman# no times are set 2162742Swollman# 21714343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21814343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219169811Swollman# no times are set 22014343Swollman# 22130711Swollman# Macquarie 22230711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22358787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2252742Swollman 22643014Swollman# Christmas 22743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 22943014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2302742Swollman 2312742Swollman# Cook Is 232158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23419878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 23919878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 24019878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2412742Swollman 2422742Swollman# Cocos 243149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2482742Swollman 2492742Swollman# Fiji 250199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253199336Sedwin# 254199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257199336Sedwin# </a> 258199336Sedwin# or 259199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261199336Sedwin# </a> 262199336Sedwin 263199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265199336Sedwin# amendments: 266199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268199336Sedwin# </a> 269204887Sedwin 270204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275204887Sedwin# 276204887Sedwin# Official source: 277204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279204887Sedwin# </a> 280204887Sedwin# 281204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 282204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284204887Sedwin# </a> 285204887Sedwin 286214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287214722Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289214722Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293214722Sedwin# </a> 294214722Sedwin# or 295214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297214722Sedwin# </a> 298214722Sedwin 29943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 30175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 302199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 303204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 304204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 305214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 3062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 30843543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3092742Swollman 3102742Swollman# French Polynesia 3112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 31319878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 31519878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3162742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 31719878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 31843014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 31943014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3202742Swollman 3212742Swollman# Guam 3222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 32375267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 32475267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 32575267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 32675267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3272742Swollman 3282742Swollman# Kiribati 3292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3302742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 33119878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 33319878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 33419878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 33519878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 33719878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 33819878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 33919878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3402742Swollman 34114343Swollman# N Mariana Is 34214343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 34375267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 34475267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 34519878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 34675267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 34775267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 34814343Swollman 34914343Swollman# Marshall Is 35014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 35219878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 35319878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 35519878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 35619878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 35719878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35814343Swollman 35914343Swollman# Micronesia 36014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 362210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 363210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 364210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 36514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 36658787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 36758787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 36858787Sru 11:00 - KOST 36914343Swollman 3702742Swollman# Nauru 3712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3722742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 37319878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3742742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 37519878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 37619878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3772742Swollman 3782742Swollman# New Caledonia 3792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38019878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 38119878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 38243014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 383158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 38443014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3862742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3872742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3882742Swollman 3892742Swollman 3902742Swollman############################################################################### 3912742Swollman 3922742Swollman# New Zealand 3932742Swollman 3942742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 395121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 396121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 397121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 398121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 399121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 400121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 401121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 402121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 403121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 404114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 405121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 406114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 407121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4089908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 409121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 410114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 411121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 412114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 413121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 414169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 415169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 416169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 417169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 418169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 419169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 420169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 421169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 424121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4252742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 426121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 427121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4282742Swollman 4298029Swollman 43030711Swollman# Auckland Is 43158787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 43258787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4332742Swollman 43430711Swollman# Campbell I 43558787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 43658787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 43758787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 43830711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 43930711Swollman 4402742Swollman############################################################################### 4412742Swollman 4422742Swollman 4432742Swollman# Niue 4442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 44619878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 44719878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 44819878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4492742Swollman 4502742Swollman# Norfolk 4512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4522742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 45319878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 45419878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4552742Swollman 45658787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4579908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4589908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 45919878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4609908Swollman 4612742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 46486222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 46519878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# Pitcairn 4682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 47058787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 47158787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4722742Swollman 47314343Swollman# American Samoa 47414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 47514343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 47619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 47714343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47814343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 47914343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 48014343Swollman 481149514Swollman# Samoa 482196582Sedwin 483204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 484204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 485204887Sedwin# the following info: 486197000Sedwin# 487204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 488204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 489204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 490204887Sedwin# 491204887Sedwin# Background info: 492197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 493197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 494197000Sedwin# </a> 495198270Sedwin# 496204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 497204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 498204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 499204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 500204887Sedwin# </a> 501198270Sedwin 502214722Sedwin# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 503214722Sedwin# Please see 504214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 505214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 506214722Sedwin# </a>, 507214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 508214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 509214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 510214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 511214722Sedwin 51214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 51314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 51419878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 515205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 516214722Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3 1:00 517197000Sedwin -11:00 - WST 51814343Swollman 5192742Swollman# Solomon Is 5202742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 5212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5222742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 52319878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 5242742Swollman 5252742Swollman# Tokelau Is 5262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5272742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 52819878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 5292742Swollman 5302742Swollman# Tonga 53158787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53275267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 53375267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 534114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 535114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 5362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5372742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 53858787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 53958787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 54058787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 5412742Swollman 5422742Swollman# Tuvalu 5432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5442742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 54519878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 5462742Swollman 54743014Swollman 54843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 54943014Swollman 55043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 551171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 552171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 553171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 554171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 555171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 556171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 557171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 558171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 559171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 56043014Swollman 56143014Swollman# Jarvis 562171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 563171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 564171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 56543014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 56643014Swollman 56743014Swollman# Johnston 56843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 56943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 57043014Swollman 57143014Swollman# Kingman 57243014Swollman# uninhabited 57343014Swollman 57443014Swollman# Midway 575149514Swollman# 576149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 577149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 578149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 579149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 580149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 581149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 582149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 583149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 584149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 585149514Swollman# 58643014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 587121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 588121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 58943014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 59043014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 59143014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 59243014Swollman 59343014Swollman# Palmyra 59443014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 59543014Swollman 59643014Swollman# Wake 59743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 59843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 59943014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 60043014Swollman 60143014Swollman 6022742Swollman# Vanuatu 6032742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 60419878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 60519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 60619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 60720094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 60820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 60920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 6102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6112742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 61219878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 6132742Swollman 6142742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 6152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6162742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 61719878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 6182742Swollman 6192742Swollman############################################################################### 6202742Swollman 6212742Swollman# NOTES 6222742Swollman 6232742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6242742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6252742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6262742Swollman 627158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 6282742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 629158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 630158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 6312742Swollman# 63286222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 63320094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 63420094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 63520094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 63620094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 63720094Swollman# 638158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 639158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 64020094Swollman# 6412742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 6422742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 6432742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 6442742Swollman# 6452742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 64658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 6472742Swollman# 6482742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 6492742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 6502742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 6512742Swollman# std dst 6522742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 6532742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 654169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 6552742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 6562742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 6572742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 65875267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 6592742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 660121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 661121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 66219878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 6632742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 66414343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 66558787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 6662742Swollman# 66714343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 6689908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 6692742Swollman 6702742Swollman############################################################################### 6712742Swollman 6722742Swollman# Australia 6732742Swollman 674153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 675153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 676153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 677153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 67858787Sru 679153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 680153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 681153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 682153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 683153670Swollman 68419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 6852742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 6862742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 6872742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 6882742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 6892742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 6902742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 6912742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 6922742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 6932742Swollman# time'. 6942742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 6952742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 6962742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 6972742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 6982742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 6992742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 7002742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 7012742Swollman 70286222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7032742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 7042742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 7052742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 7062742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 7072742Swollman 708163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 709163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 710163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 711163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 712163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 713163302Sru 71486222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 71586222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 71686222Swollman# 71786222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 71886222Swollman# 71986222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 72086222Swollman# 72186222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 72286222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 72386222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 72486222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 72586222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 72686222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 72786222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 72886222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 72986222Swollman# 73086222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 73186222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 73286222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 73386222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 73486222Swollman# 73586222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 73686222Swollman# 73786222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 73886222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 73986222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 74086222Swollman# Time, for example. 74186222Swollman# 74286222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 74386222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 74486222Swollman# tiebreaker. 74586222Swollman# 74686222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 74786222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 74886222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 74986222Swollman# 75086222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 75186222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 75286222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 75386222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 75486222Swollman# following count of page hits: 75586222Swollman# 75686222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75786222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75886222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 75986222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 76086222Swollman# 76186222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 76286222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 76386222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 76486222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 76586222Swollman# 76686222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 76786222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 76886222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 76986222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 77086222Swollman# 77186222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 77286222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 77386222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 77486222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 77586222Swollman# 77686222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 77786222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 77886222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 77986222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 78086222Swollman# 78186222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 78286222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 78386222Swollman# 78486222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 78586222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 78686222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 78786222Swollman# 78886222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 78986222Swollman# 79086222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 79186222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 79286222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 79386222Swollman# understood in Australia. 79486222Swollman 79514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 796158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 797149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 7989908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 7999908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 8009908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 80114343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 8022742Swollman 803149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 80475267Swollman# 80543014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 80643014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 80743014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 80875267Swollman# 80943014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 81043014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 81143014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 81243014Swollman# </a> 81343014Swollman# ACT 81458787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 81543014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 81643014Swollman# </a> 81743014Swollman# SA 81843014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 81943014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 82043014Swollman# </a> 82143014Swollman 822149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 823149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 824149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 825149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 826149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 827149514Swollman# 828149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 829149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 830149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 831149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 832149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 833149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 834149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 835149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 836149514Swollman# allude to it. 837149514Swollman# But not Queensland 838149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 839149514Swollman 8409908Swollman# Northern Territory 8419908Swollman 84219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8432742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 8442742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8452742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 8462742Swollman# ... 8479908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 8482742Swollman 84919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8502742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8512742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 8522742Swollman 8539908Swollman# Western Australia 8542742Swollman 85519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8562742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 8572742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8582742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 8592742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 8602742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 8612742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 8622742Swollman# ... 8632742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 8642742Swollman# ... 8652742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8662742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8672742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8682742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8692742Swollman 87019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8712742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8722742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 8732742Swollman 87419878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 8752742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 8762742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 8772742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 8782742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 8792742Swollman# everybody again. 8802742Swollman 88119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8822742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 8832742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 8842742Swollman 88558787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 88658787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 88758787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 88858787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 88958787Sru 8909908Swollman# Queensland 89119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8922742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 8932742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 8942742Swollman# ... 8952742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 8962742Swollman# ... 8972742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8982742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 8992742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9002742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 9012742Swollman 90219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 9032742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 9042742Swollman# October 1989). 9052742Swollman 90619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9072742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9082742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9092742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9102742Swollman 91119878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 9122742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 9132742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 9142742Swollman# me.) 9152742Swollman 91619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 9172742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 9182742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 9192742Swollman# ... 9202742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9212742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 9222742Swollman# ... 9232742Swollman 92419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9252742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 9262742Swollman 927169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 928169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 929169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 930169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 931169811Swollman 932105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 933114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 934169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 935114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 936114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 937114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 938114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 939169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 940105196Swollman# 941105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 942105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 943105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 944169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 945105196Swollman# 946169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 947169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 948169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 949169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 950105196Swollman# 951169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 952169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 953169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 954169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 955169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 956169811Swollman# 957169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 958169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 959169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 960169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 961169811Swollman# 962169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 963169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 964169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 965169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 966169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 967105196Swollman 968169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 969169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 970169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 971169811Swollman 972169811Swollman 973171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 9742742Swollman# 975171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 976171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 977171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 978171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 9792742Swollman 9802742Swollman 9819908Swollman# South Australia 9822742Swollman 98319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9842742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9852742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9862742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9872742Swollman 98819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9892742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 9902742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9912742Swollman# ... 9922742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 9932742Swollman# ... 9942742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9952742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 996158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 9972742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 9982742Swollman 99919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 10002742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 10012742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 10022742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 10032742Swollman 100419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 10052742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 10062742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 10072742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 10082742Swollman# is on... 10092742Swollman 101019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 10112742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 10122742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 10132742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 10142742Swollman 101519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 10162742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 10172742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 10182742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 10192742Swollman 1020149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 10219908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 10229908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 10239908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 10242742Swollman 1025171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1026171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1027171948Sedwin 10289908Swollman# Tasmania 10299908Swollman 103058787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 103158787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10322742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10332742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10342742Swollman 103519878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 10362742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 10372742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 10382742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 10392742Swollman 104058787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 104158787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 104258787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 104358787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 104458787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 104558787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 104658787Sru 104764499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 104864499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 104964499Swollman 1050171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1051171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1052171948Sedwin 10539908Swollman# Victoria 10542742Swollman 105558787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 105658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10572742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10582742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10592742Swollman 106086222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 106186222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 106286222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 106386222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 106486222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 106586222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 106686222Swollman# 106786222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 106886222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 106986222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 107086222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 107186222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 107286222Swollman# expected time. 107386222Swollman# 107486222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 107586222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 107686222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 107786222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 107886222Swollman# 107986222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 108086222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 108186222Swollman 1082171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1083171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1084171948Sedwin 10859908Swollman# New South Wales 10862742Swollman 10872742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 10882742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1089149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 10902742Swollman# who notes: 10912742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 10922742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 10932742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 10942742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 10952742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 10962742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 10972742Swollman 1098149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 109958787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 110058787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 110158787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 110258787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 110358787Sru# </a> 110458787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 11052742Swollman 110658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 110758787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 110858787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 110958787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 111058787Sru# </a> 111158787Sru# 111258787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 111358787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 111458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 111558787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 111658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 111758787Sru# 111858787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 111958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 112058787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 112158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 112258787Sru# 112358787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 112458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 112558787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 112658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 112758787Sru# 112858787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 112958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 113058787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 113158787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 113258787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 113358787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 113458787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 113575267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 113658787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 113758787Sru# 113858787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 113958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 114058787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 114158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 11422742Swollman 114343543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 114443543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 114558787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 114643543Swollman 114767578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 114875267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 114975267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 115067578Swollman 1151171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1152171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1153171948Sedwin 11549908Swollman# Yancowinna 11552742Swollman 115667578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 11572742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 11582742Swollman 115919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11602742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 11612742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11622742Swollman# ... 116343014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 11642742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 11652742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 11662742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 11672742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 11682742Swollman# # presently available. 11692742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 11702742Swollman# ... 11712742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11722742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 11732742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 11742742Swollman 11759908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 11762742Swollman 117719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1178153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 11792742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 11802742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 11812742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 11822742Swollman 118358787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 118458787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 118558787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 118658787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 118758787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 118858787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 118986464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 119058787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 119158787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 119258787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 119314343Swollman 119475267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 119575267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 119675267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 119775267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 119875267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 119975267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 120058787Sru 1201158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1202158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1203158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 120467578Swollman 1205171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1206171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1207171948Sedwin 1208192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1209192886Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1210192886Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1211192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1212192886Sedwin# 1213192886Sedwin# From 1214192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1215192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1216192886Sedwin# </a> 1217192886Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1218192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1219192886Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1220192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1221192886Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1222192886Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1223192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1224192886Sedwin# 1225192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1226192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1227192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1228192886Sedwin# </a> 12292742Swollman############################################################################### 12302742Swollman 123158787Sru# New Zealand 12322742Swollman 123319878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 12342742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 12352742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 12362742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 12372742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 12382742Swollman 123919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12402742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 12412742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1242153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 12432742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12442742Swollman# ... 12452742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12462742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 12472742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12482742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 12492742Swollman# ... 12502742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 12512742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 12522742Swollman 125319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12542742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 12552742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 12562742Swollman 125714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1258158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1259149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 126014343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 126114343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 126214343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 126314343Swollman# 1264158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1265121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1266121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1267158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1268121098Swollman# 1269121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1270121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1271121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 127214343Swollman 1273169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1274169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1275169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1276169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1277169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1278169811Swollman 12792742Swollman############################################################################### 12802742Swollman 128158787Sru 12822742Swollman# Fiji 12832742Swollman 128458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 128558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 128658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 12872742Swollman 128843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 128943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 129075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 129143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 129243543Swollman 129358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 129458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 129558787Sru 129643543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 129743543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 129843543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 129943543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 130043543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 130143543Swollman# millenium. 130243543Swollman 130375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 130475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 130558787Sru 130614343Swollman# Johnston 130714343Swollman 130814343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 130914343Swollman 131058787Sru 131117200Swollman# Kiribati 131217200Swollman 131317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 131417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 131517200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 131617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 131717200Swollman 131858787Sru 13192742Swollman# Kwajalein 13202742Swollman 13212742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 13222742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 132319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 13242742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 13252742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 13262742Swollman 132758787Sru 132814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 13292742Swollman 133058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 13312742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 13322742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 133375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 133475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 133514343Swollman 133675267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 133775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 133875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 133975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 134058787Sru 134175267Swollman 134217200Swollman# Micronesia 134317200Swollman 1344149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 134517200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 134617200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 134717200Swollman# 1348158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1349158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 135017200Swollman 135158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 135258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 135358787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 135458787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 135558787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 135658787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 135758787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 135858787Sru 135958787Sru 1360121098Swollman# Midway 1361121098Swollman 1362121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1363121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1364121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1365121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1366121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1367121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1368121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1369121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1370121098Swollman# 1371121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1372121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1373121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1374121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1375121098Swollman 1376121098Swollman 137758787Sru# Pitcairn 137858787Sru 137958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 138058787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 138158787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 138258787Sru# 138358787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 138458787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 138558787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 138658787Sru# 138758787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 138858787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 138958787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 139058787Sru 139158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 139258787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 139358787Sru# ... at midnight. 139458787Sru 139558787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 139658787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 139758787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 139858787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 139958787Sru 140058787Sru 140114343Swollman# Samoa 140214343Swollman 140358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 140458787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 140514343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 140614343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 140714343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 140817200Swollman 140958787Sru 141017200Swollman# Tonga 141117200Swollman 141217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 141317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 141417200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 141517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 141658787Sru 141758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 141858787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 141958787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 142058787Sru# </a>: 142158787Sru 142258787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 142358787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 142458787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 142558787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 142658787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 142758787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 142858787Sru# 142958787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 143058787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 143158787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 143258787Sru# 143358787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 143458787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 143558787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 143658787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 143758787Sru# 143858787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 143958787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 144058787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 144158787Sru 1442158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1443158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 144458787Sru 144558787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 144658787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 144758787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 144858787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 144958787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 145058787Sru# Government. 145158787Sru 1452149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 145358787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 145475267Swollman# 1455149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1456181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 145758787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 145858787Sru# </a> 145975267Swollman# 146058787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 146158787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 146258787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 146358787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 146458787Sru 1465149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1466181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 146758787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 146858787Sru# </a>: 146975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 147075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 147175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 147275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 147358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 147458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 147558787Sru 147658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 147758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 147858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 147958787Sru 148075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 148175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 148275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 148375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 148475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 148575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 148675267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 148758787Sru 148875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 148975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 149075267Swollman 149193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 149293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 149393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 149493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 149593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 149686222Swollman 1497114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1498114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 149986222Swollman 1500121098Swollman 1501121098Swollman# Wake 1502121098Swollman 1503121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1504121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1505121098Swollman# 1506121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1507121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1508121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1509121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1510121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1511121098Swollman# impossible. 1512121098Swollman# 1513121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1514121098Swollman 1515121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1516121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1517121098Swollman 151858787Sru############################################################################### 151958787Sru 152058787Sru# The International Date Line 152158787Sru 152258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 152375267Swollman# 152458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 152558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 152658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 152758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 152858787Sru# 152958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 153058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 153158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 153258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 153358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 153458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1535153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 153658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 153758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 153858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 153958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1540149514Swollman 1541153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1542153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1543153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1544153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1545153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1546153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1547153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1548153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1549153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1550153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1551153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1552153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1553153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1554153670Swollman 1555149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1556149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1557149514Swollman# 1558149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1559149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1560149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1561149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1562