australasia revision 214722
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2214722Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.20 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1758787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3130711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 322742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4658787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 6520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6658787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6758787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6921217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7158787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 722742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7421217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7520094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7758787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7820094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 792742Swollman 809908Swollman# South Australia 812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8614343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8714343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 8864499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8964499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9064499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 9164499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9264499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1002742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 10158787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1022742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1032742Swollman 1049908Swollman# Tasmania 105149514Swollman# 106149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109149514Swollman# 1102742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11158787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11258787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11558787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11814343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11958787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 12014343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 12158787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12358787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12558787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12658787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13258787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13358787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1352742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 136149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1412742Swollman 1429908Swollman# Victoria 1432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14414343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14558787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14614343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14714343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14858787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14958787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15014343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15258787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1592742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 16058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1612742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1622742Swollman 1639908Swollman# New South Wales 1642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 17014343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 17114343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17243543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17314343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17558787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1822742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1842742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1852742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1862742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1872742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18858787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18958787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 19058787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1918029Swollman 19214343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19314343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19975267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 20075267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20275267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2082742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2092742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 21014343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2118029Swollman 21214343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2132742Swollman# 2142742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21514343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216169811Swollman# no times are set 2172742Swollman# 21814343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21914343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220169811Swollman# no times are set 22114343Swollman# 22230711Swollman# Macquarie 22330711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22458787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2262742Swollman 22743014Swollman# Christmas 22843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22943014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 23043014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2312742Swollman 2322742Swollman# Cook Is 233158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23519878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23743014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2392742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 24019878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 24119878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2422742Swollman 2432742Swollman# Cocos 244149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2492742Swollman 2502742Swollman# Fiji 251199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 252199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 253199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 254199336Sedwin# 255199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 256199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 257199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 258199336Sedwin# </a> 259199336Sedwin# or 260199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 261199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 262199336Sedwin# </a> 263199336Sedwin 264199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 265199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 266199336Sedwin# amendments: 267199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 268199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 269199336Sedwin# </a> 270204887Sedwin 271204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 272204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 273204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 274204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 275204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 276204887Sedwin# 277204887Sedwin# Official source: 278204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 279204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 280204887Sedwin# </a> 281204887Sedwin# 282204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 283204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 284204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 285204887Sedwin# </a> 286204887Sedwin 287214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 288214722Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 289214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 290214722Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 291214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 292214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 293214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 294214722Sedwin# </a> 295214722Sedwin# or 296214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 297214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 298214722Sedwin# </a> 299214722Sedwin 30043543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 30275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 303199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 304204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 305204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 306214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 3072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3082742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 30943543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3102742Swollman 3112742Swollman# French Polynesia 3122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3132742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 31419878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3152742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 31619878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 31819878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 31943014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 32043014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3212742Swollman 3222742Swollman# Guam 3232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 32475267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 32575267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 32675267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 32775267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3282742Swollman 3292742Swollman# Kiribati 3302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3312742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 33219878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3332742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 33419878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 33519878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 33619878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3372742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 33819878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 33919878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 34019878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3412742Swollman 34214343Swollman# N Mariana Is 34314343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 34475267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 34575267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 34619878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 34775267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 34875267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 34914343Swollman 35014343Swollman# Marshall Is 35114343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 35319878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 35419878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 35619878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 35719878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 35819878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35914343Swollman 36014343Swollman# Micronesia 36114343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 363210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 364210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 365210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 36614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 36758787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 36858787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 36958787Sru 11:00 - KOST 37014343Swollman 3712742Swollman# Nauru 3722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3732742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 37419878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3752742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 37619878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 37719878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3782742Swollman 3792742Swollman# New Caledonia 3802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38119878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 38219878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 38343014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 384158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 38543014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3872742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3882742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3892742Swollman 3902742Swollman 3912742Swollman############################################################################### 3922742Swollman 3932742Swollman# New Zealand 3942742Swollman 3952742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 396121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 397121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 398121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 399121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 400121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 401121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 402121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 403121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 404121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 405114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 406121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 407114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 408121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4099908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 410121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 411114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 412121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 413114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 414121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 415169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 416169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 417169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 418169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 419169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 420169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 421169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 422169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 425121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4262742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 427121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 428121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4292742Swollman 4308029Swollman 43130711Swollman# Auckland Is 43258787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 43358787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4342742Swollman 43530711Swollman# Campbell I 43658787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 43758787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 43858787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 43930711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 44030711Swollman 4412742Swollman############################################################################### 4422742Swollman 4432742Swollman 4442742Swollman# Niue 4452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4462742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 44719878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 44819878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 44919878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4502742Swollman 4512742Swollman# Norfolk 4522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4532742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 45419878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 45519878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4562742Swollman 45758787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4589908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4599908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 46019878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4619908Swollman 4622742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4642742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 46586222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 46619878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4672742Swollman 4682742Swollman# Pitcairn 4692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4702742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 47158787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 47258787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4732742Swollman 47414343Swollman# American Samoa 47514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 47614343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 47719878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 47814343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47914343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 48014343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 48114343Swollman 482149514Swollman# Samoa 483196582Sedwin 484204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 485204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 486204887Sedwin# the following info: 487197000Sedwin# 488204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 489204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 490204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 491204887Sedwin# 492204887Sedwin# Background info: 493197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 494197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 495197000Sedwin# </a> 496198270Sedwin# 497204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 498204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 499204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 500204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 501204887Sedwin# </a> 502198270Sedwin 503214722Sedwin# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 504214722Sedwin# Please see 505214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 506214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 507214722Sedwin# </a>, 508214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 509214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 510214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 511214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 512214722Sedwin 51314343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 51414343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 51519878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 516205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 517214722Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3 1:00 518197000Sedwin -11:00 - WST 51914343Swollman 5202742Swollman# Solomon Is 5212742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 5222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5232742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 52419878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 5252742Swollman 5262742Swollman# Tokelau Is 5272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5282742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 52919878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 5302742Swollman 5312742Swollman# Tonga 53258787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53375267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 53475267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 535114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 536114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 5372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 53958787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 54058787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 54158787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 5422742Swollman 5432742Swollman# Tuvalu 5442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 54619878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 5472742Swollman 54843014Swollman 54943014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 55043014Swollman 55143014Swollman# Howland, Baker 552171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 553171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 554171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 555171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 556171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 557171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 558171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 559171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 560171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 56143014Swollman 56243014Swollman# Jarvis 563171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 564171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 565171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 56643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 56743014Swollman 56843014Swollman# Johnston 56943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 57043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 57143014Swollman 57243014Swollman# Kingman 57343014Swollman# uninhabited 57443014Swollman 57543014Swollman# Midway 576149514Swollman# 577149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 578149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 579149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 580149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 581149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 582149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 583149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 584149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 585149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 586149514Swollman# 58743014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 588121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 589121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 59043014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 59143014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 59243014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 59343014Swollman 59443014Swollman# Palmyra 59543014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 59643014Swollman 59743014Swollman# Wake 59843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 59943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 60043014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 60143014Swollman 60243014Swollman 6032742Swollman# Vanuatu 6042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 60519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 60619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 60719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 60820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 60920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 61020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 6112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 61319878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 6142742Swollman 6152742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 6162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 61819878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 6192742Swollman 6202742Swollman############################################################################### 6212742Swollman 6222742Swollman# NOTES 6232742Swollman 6242742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6252742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6262742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6272742Swollman 628158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 6292742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 630158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 631158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 6322742Swollman# 63386222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 63420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 63520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 63620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 63720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 63820094Swollman# 639158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 640158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 64120094Swollman# 6422742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 6432742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 6442742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 6452742Swollman# 6462742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 64758787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 6482742Swollman# 6492742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 6502742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 6512742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 6522742Swollman# std dst 6532742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 6542742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 655169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 6562742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 6572742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 6582742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 65975267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 6602742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 661121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 662121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 66319878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 6642742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 66514343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 66658787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 6672742Swollman# 66814343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 6699908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 6702742Swollman 6712742Swollman############################################################################### 6722742Swollman 6732742Swollman# Australia 6742742Swollman 675153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 676153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 677153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 678153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 67958787Sru 680153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 681153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 682153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 683153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 684153670Swollman 68519878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 6862742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 6872742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 6882742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 6892742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 6902742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 6912742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 6922742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 6932742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 6942742Swollman# time'. 6952742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 6962742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 6972742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 6982742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 6992742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 7002742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 7012742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 7022742Swollman 70386222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7042742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 7052742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 7062742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 7072742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 7082742Swollman 709163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 710163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 711163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 712163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 713163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 714163302Sru 71586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 71686222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 71786222Swollman# 71886222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 71986222Swollman# 72086222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 72186222Swollman# 72286222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 72386222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 72486222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 72586222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 72686222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 72786222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 72886222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 72986222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 73086222Swollman# 73186222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 73286222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 73386222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 73486222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 73586222Swollman# 73686222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 73786222Swollman# 73886222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 73986222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 74086222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 74186222Swollman# Time, for example. 74286222Swollman# 74386222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 74486222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 74586222Swollman# tiebreaker. 74686222Swollman# 74786222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 74886222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 74986222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 75086222Swollman# 75186222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 75286222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 75386222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 75486222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 75586222Swollman# following count of page hits: 75686222Swollman# 75786222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75886222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 75986222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 76086222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 76186222Swollman# 76286222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 76386222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 76486222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 76586222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 76686222Swollman# 76786222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 76886222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 76986222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 77086222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 77186222Swollman# 77286222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 77386222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 77486222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 77586222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 77686222Swollman# 77786222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 77886222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 77986222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 78086222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 78186222Swollman# 78286222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 78386222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 78486222Swollman# 78586222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 78686222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 78786222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 78886222Swollman# 78986222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 79086222Swollman# 79186222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 79286222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 79386222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 79486222Swollman# understood in Australia. 79586222Swollman 79614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 797158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 798149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 7999908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 8009908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 8019908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 80214343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 8032742Swollman 804149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 80575267Swollman# 80643014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 80743014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 80843014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 80975267Swollman# 81043014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 81143014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 81243014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 81343014Swollman# </a> 81443014Swollman# ACT 81558787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 81643014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 81743014Swollman# </a> 81843014Swollman# SA 81943014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 82043014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 82143014Swollman# </a> 82243014Swollman 823149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 824149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 825149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 826149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 827149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 828149514Swollman# 829149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 830149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 831149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 832149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 833149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 834149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 835149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 836149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 837149514Swollman# allude to it. 838149514Swollman# But not Queensland 839149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 840149514Swollman 8419908Swollman# Northern Territory 8429908Swollman 84319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8442742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 8452742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8462742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 8472742Swollman# ... 8489908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 8492742Swollman 85019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8512742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8522742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 8532742Swollman 8549908Swollman# Western Australia 8552742Swollman 85619878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8572742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 8582742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8592742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 8602742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 8612742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 8622742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 8632742Swollman# ... 8642742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 8652742Swollman# ... 8662742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8672742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8682742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8692742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8702742Swollman 87119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8722742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8732742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 8742742Swollman 87519878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 8762742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 8772742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 8782742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 8792742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 8802742Swollman# everybody again. 8812742Swollman 88219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8832742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 8842742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 8852742Swollman 88658787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 88758787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 88858787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 88958787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 89058787Sru 8919908Swollman# Queensland 89219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8932742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 8942742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 8952742Swollman# ... 8962742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 8972742Swollman# ... 8982742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8992742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 9002742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9012742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 9022742Swollman 90319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 9042742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 9052742Swollman# October 1989). 9062742Swollman 90719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9082742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9092742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9102742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9112742Swollman 91219878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 9132742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 9142742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 9152742Swollman# me.) 9162742Swollman 91719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 9182742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 9192742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 9202742Swollman# ... 9212742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9222742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 9232742Swollman# ... 9242742Swollman 92519878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9262742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 9272742Swollman 928169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 929169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 930169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 931169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 932169811Swollman 933105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 934114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 935169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 936114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 937114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 938114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 939114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 940169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 941105196Swollman# 942105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 943105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 944105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 945169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 946105196Swollman# 947169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 948169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 949169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 950169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 951105196Swollman# 952169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 953169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 954169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 955169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 956169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 957169811Swollman# 958169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 959169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 960169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 961169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 962169811Swollman# 963169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 964169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 965169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 966169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 967169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 968105196Swollman 969169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 970169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 971169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 972169811Swollman 973169811Swollman 974171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 9752742Swollman# 976171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 977171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 978171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 979171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 9802742Swollman 9812742Swollman 9829908Swollman# South Australia 9832742Swollman 98419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9852742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9862742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9872742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9882742Swollman 98919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9902742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 9912742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9922742Swollman# ... 9932742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 9942742Swollman# ... 9952742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9962742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 997158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 9982742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 9992742Swollman 100019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 10012742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 10022742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 10032742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 10042742Swollman 100519878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 10062742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 10072742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 10082742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 10092742Swollman# is on... 10102742Swollman 101119878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 10122742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 10132742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 10142742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 10152742Swollman 101619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 10172742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 10182742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 10192742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 10202742Swollman 1021149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 10229908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 10239908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 10249908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 10252742Swollman 1026171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1027171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1028171948Sedwin 10299908Swollman# Tasmania 10309908Swollman 103158787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 103258787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10332742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10342742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10352742Swollman 103619878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 10372742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 10382742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 10392742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 10402742Swollman 104158787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 104258787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 104358787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 104458787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 104558787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 104658787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 104758787Sru 104864499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 104964499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 105064499Swollman 1051171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1052171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1053171948Sedwin 10549908Swollman# Victoria 10552742Swollman 105658787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 105758787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10582742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10592742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10602742Swollman 106186222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 106286222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 106386222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 106486222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 106586222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 106686222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 106786222Swollman# 106886222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 106986222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 107086222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 107186222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 107286222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 107386222Swollman# expected time. 107486222Swollman# 107586222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 107686222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 107786222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 107886222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 107986222Swollman# 108086222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 108186222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 108286222Swollman 1083171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1084171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1085171948Sedwin 10869908Swollman# New South Wales 10872742Swollman 10882742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 10892742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1090149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 10912742Swollman# who notes: 10922742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 10932742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 10942742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 10952742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 10962742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 10972742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 10982742Swollman 1099149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 110058787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 110158787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 110258787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 110358787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 110458787Sru# </a> 110558787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 11062742Swollman 110758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 110858787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 110958787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 111058787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 111158787Sru# </a> 111258787Sru# 111358787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 111458787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 111558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 111658787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 111758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 111858787Sru# 111958787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 112058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 112158787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 112258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 112358787Sru# 112458787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 112558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 112658787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 112758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 112858787Sru# 112958787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 113058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 113158787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 113258787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 113358787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 113458787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 113558787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 113675267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 113758787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 113858787Sru# 113958787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 114058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 114158787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 114258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 11432742Swollman 114443543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 114543543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 114658787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 114743543Swollman 114867578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 114975267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 115075267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 115167578Swollman 1152171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1153171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1154171948Sedwin 11559908Swollman# Yancowinna 11562742Swollman 115767578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 11582742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 11592742Swollman 116019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11612742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 11622742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11632742Swollman# ... 116443014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 11652742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 11662742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 11672742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 11682742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 11692742Swollman# # presently available. 11702742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 11712742Swollman# ... 11722742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11732742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 11742742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 11752742Swollman 11769908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 11772742Swollman 117819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1179153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 11802742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 11812742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 11822742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 11832742Swollman 118458787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 118558787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 118658787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 118758787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 118858787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 118958787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 119086464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 119158787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 119258787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 119358787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 119414343Swollman 119575267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 119675267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 119775267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 119875267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 119975267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 120075267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 120158787Sru 1202158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1203158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1204158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 120567578Swollman 1206171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1207171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1208171948Sedwin 1209192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1210192886Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1211192886Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1212192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1213192886Sedwin# 1214192886Sedwin# From 1215192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1216192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1217192886Sedwin# </a> 1218192886Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1219192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1220192886Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1221192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1222192886Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1223192886Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1224192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1225192886Sedwin# 1226192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1227192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1228192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1229192886Sedwin# </a> 12302742Swollman############################################################################### 12312742Swollman 123258787Sru# New Zealand 12332742Swollman 123419878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 12352742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 12362742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 12372742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 12382742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 12392742Swollman 124019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12412742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 12422742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1243153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 12442742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12452742Swollman# ... 12462742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12472742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 12482742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12492742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 12502742Swollman# ... 12512742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 12522742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 12532742Swollman 125419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12552742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 12562742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 12572742Swollman 125814343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1259158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1260149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 126114343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 126214343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 126314343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 126414343Swollman# 1265158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1266121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1267121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1268158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1269121098Swollman# 1270121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1271121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1272121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 127314343Swollman 1274169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1275169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1276169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1277169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1278169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1279169811Swollman 12802742Swollman############################################################################### 12812742Swollman 128258787Sru 12832742Swollman# Fiji 12842742Swollman 128558787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 128658787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 128758787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 12882742Swollman 128943543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 129043543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 129175267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 129243543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 129343543Swollman 129458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 129558787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 129658787Sru 129743543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 129843543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 129943543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 130043543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 130143543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 130243543Swollman# millenium. 130343543Swollman 130475267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 130575267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 130658787Sru 130714343Swollman# Johnston 130814343Swollman 130914343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 131014343Swollman 131158787Sru 131217200Swollman# Kiribati 131317200Swollman 131417200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 131517200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 131617200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 131717200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 131817200Swollman 131958787Sru 13202742Swollman# Kwajalein 13212742Swollman 13222742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 13232742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 132419878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 13252742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 13262742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 13272742Swollman 132858787Sru 132914343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 13302742Swollman 133158787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 13322742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 13332742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 133475267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 133575267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 133614343Swollman 133775267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 133875267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 133975267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 134075267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 134158787Sru 134275267Swollman 134317200Swollman# Micronesia 134417200Swollman 1345149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 134617200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 134717200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 134817200Swollman# 1349158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1350158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 135117200Swollman 135258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 135358787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 135458787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 135558787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 135658787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 135758787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 135858787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 135958787Sru 136058787Sru 1361121098Swollman# Midway 1362121098Swollman 1363121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1364121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1365121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1366121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1367121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1368121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1369121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1370121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1371121098Swollman# 1372121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1373121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1374121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1375121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1376121098Swollman 1377121098Swollman 137858787Sru# Pitcairn 137958787Sru 138058787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 138158787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 138258787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 138358787Sru# 138458787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 138558787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 138658787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 138758787Sru# 138858787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 138958787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 139058787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 139158787Sru 139258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 139358787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 139458787Sru# ... at midnight. 139558787Sru 139658787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 139758787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 139858787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 139958787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 140058787Sru 140158787Sru 140214343Swollman# Samoa 140314343Swollman 140458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 140558787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 140614343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 140714343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 140814343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 140917200Swollman 141058787Sru 141117200Swollman# Tonga 141217200Swollman 141317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 141417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 141517200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 141617200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 141758787Sru 141858787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 141958787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 142058787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 142158787Sru# </a>: 142258787Sru 142358787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 142458787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 142558787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 142658787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 142758787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 142858787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 142958787Sru# 143058787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 143158787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 143258787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 143358787Sru# 143458787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 143558787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 143658787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 143758787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 143858787Sru# 143958787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 144058787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 144158787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 144258787Sru 1443158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1444158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 144558787Sru 144658787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 144758787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 144858787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 144958787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 145058787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 145158787Sru# Government. 145258787Sru 1453149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 145458787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 145575267Swollman# 1456149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1457181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 145858787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 145958787Sru# </a> 146075267Swollman# 146158787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 146258787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 146358787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 146458787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 146558787Sru 1466149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1467181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 146858787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 146958787Sru# </a>: 147075267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 147175267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 147275267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 147375267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 147458787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 147558787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 147658787Sru 147758787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 147858787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 147958787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 148058787Sru 148175267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 148275267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 148375267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 148475267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 148575267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 148675267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 148775267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 148858787Sru 148975267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 149075267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 149175267Swollman 149293799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 149393799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 149493799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 149593799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 149693799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 149786222Swollman 1498114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1499114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 150086222Swollman 1501121098Swollman 1502121098Swollman# Wake 1503121098Swollman 1504121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1505121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1506121098Swollman# 1507121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1508121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1509121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1510121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1511121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1512121098Swollman# impossible. 1513121098Swollman# 1514121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1515121098Swollman 1516121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1517121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1518121098Swollman 151958787Sru############################################################################### 152058787Sru 152158787Sru# The International Date Line 152258787Sru 152358787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 152475267Swollman# 152558787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 152658787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 152758787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 152858787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 152958787Sru# 153058787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 153158787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 153258787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 153358787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 153458787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 153558787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1536153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 153758787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 153858787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 153958787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 154058787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1541149514Swollman 1542153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1543153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1544153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1545153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1546153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1547153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1548153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1549153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1550153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1551153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1552153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1553153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1554153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1555153670Swollman 1556149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1557149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1558149514Swollman# 1559149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1560149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1561149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1562149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1563